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    7 vistas21 páginas

    Chap 004

    Cargado por

    EEBB
    chap 4

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Descargue como PDF o lea en línea desde Scribd
    Marcar por contenido inapropiado
    de 21
    4 Fundamentals of digital image processing ‘Alhush ie dtnton eee dig inag rocesig an ial mag anal {not mmesitnly obvious, isan extranet impor ne Image poset ethos of ara rasornation whch okra nape ft mage, stat iran tage end poco» odie (tenet) age On th band, “Epa mugen aranformao ofan mage lt soo ots a ing, te potas soe formation recta a decpono elon Hone gal image aan teense ul apd revel Powsaed (nace) images ice the amas ofennard image 20h Bibs quy at ey by uma oburven ¥en ronan sed "heals pose ea oa rial Ateagh mage poconne enghs often Dove moreprasing of move aly scenle maps when viewed y nah bree, andthe human thf dc see fates oor et ‘steno rene tht he treatin of ach emerges tes snp oy inte cone ofthe power pect! aes of he man vel in, "or machine on sts, these prpne of tgs proceng 12 rods imag wich mak eset ante mong ane more abe. ‘Weare no aa ners abo "wal he age os. In pats, he age Procsin ple soa cate th exaston of intrmaonIwoud fSnenatefor aoe lumii, aed psy, rea the naa ‘Oomperate for divornn ode by be iig son sony, ial image proce td to a rests fx develo. rent. ne ts ths natura enti of one dmeninal empoa li sel ‘osening fo Wo (ail) dimeson Comesuety, weet Hal ‘owing ws approached fom tutes balling en dea Foro manpultion [ote peoemed, wie class ste theory. The ‘ston, more hur, tt somider digi imag a nf dre song i, ering hts operation oe il ot. Ti somes OFF contueus tosdiensonalTaneton. We wil cota sur dicesion Pont opens intl ime proces om the second viewpoint, arenng some sole bet Cal fetsqus, and Gewing he appropiate fom the sna proves sonra. "Tore ar, toad speaing, tree tinct camer of operations: pot operons neiiourood options nd geomet: operations We mention t ‘Re peeseitg hapier thatthe es rnd perm se muck ape rong fue in hardware, preity in nvane! feunerabeor fst ‘ers which ave acs othe image data ved video Ou. elt ad ‘Seahtouthood oeaions are pal thee of operates tat re ome {pise fame grabter ser Sor, whe ery fo sno Oe ty ene 4.1 Point operations fontion ofthe gel! ef he ps the coepondng potion ate put ‘seat ony oft pe Pols operates area rere fo a greys ‘iui opens. They ean ete yal rato fe tage ‘Typ sof pol apecons ico photons deat, to remove he {es of sal arson nthe envy of camera ot cig Fundamentals o gal image processing (os: ifafeure or bjt oui a lately sal seston ofthe otal ey sete lnse, tee pit speraons can manipulate de iage wo ta ois the ise vamp and toling wk il pels having geval speed anges in ipo huge are msane ssl sete rey lee tthe oupa {hoe- Ar wes nts operons ar os eet accompli tle the [isar it ookp uber (LUT) wach ae pore by mo ame grabber 41.1 Contras stretching Consider te sonrived dtl image shown in Figure 4. We 10k tthe ‘bios of the seve in hae, me nd that hse age evel te ange fom 100 so 200, Obl he complete range os beng ed and te ona ofr age mold be quite pot The cote poled hora ‘Sownin Fine 42 data apa ths poe se ofthe Baie prey see, ‘Werotatanc the cuts stat al ell of te py see we le, ‘Th conrasrting acne by Hsing al the aos so that he eu ‘el oe ange ga, a48 to eey pl he ference aren te ‘Eeaiow valve andthe tal ow ve 16: 0 10 = 100. Tee of ‘Rs ne scl evn, reining vale in be age 0-100 he ange 0-255 Le me sey aftr = (8 0/000) =2.35 se Figure “snes, ere he sonra tha a pe leven be re scale are ill, oe rt sings apy he fling operation Fore 42 icy hogan. Point operations we 43 Sita goose owe 44 Suche gyi! Napa Byway of expe, et cone he aptaton of hi cehing to ny el ‘vg iter the les gre leve (0) Inthe original age he hes ‘pe level (0) inthe iin mages led tothe ea ofthe sma . 412 Thresholding Same sets thao ate pride Boards PCBS), cane ey snp, in this ase the solder cracks and the circuit board. Suppose we wis to proces an (pea with ae vel nt an tage mh jut wo ee fe. Cone Fundamentals of sgl image processing pi erst te cei bard proba Have rele in the rata 0-10 hiker eke pada ane pe ve nthe rage 1-255. 1 we an ke picts te tog ied oBe back ad al pal the rnge 1602550 Ete we il ge ater exeme cota ecting, Hagly, we 0 nom PQESEYSplnt eton In owe onage te cet bowie pet are bed RESGRS Sina seer of O andthe solder abel with arya of 28, {tte we fave tomate the poser) 40 as he ratold and the ‘einen of pl walt owes sole, The els of treolig SEISRUyechsoram on bese a Pare 7 he pcodo-coge Tt fons ‘Slamariae the esolig sen: SPEED aainan Ratgeasass” Het ee! “The alos may ao be fomulted wing ¢ LUT Covi oF ethvgshotde 10255 80 6109 Noe ht be made of reeling ian portato o whi we wl tuo 2nd wil nus ie peter eal ip Chapter 5, sell wih repr (0 th Point operations Fore 46. Grp! hogan of 8 igre 42. Cyl Noga of 0S ste esol sesion of he tol ot nd tte incorpo of comes inforeation ‘he spot the esl. Acetic of dil image shebang shove in igure 48. 4.1. Noise suppression by image addition 1 posible aban male nabs o see cach aken at a irene, tnd he cee cota 20 moving bes, he be nei the ge ca Be {efuc! by avessng thes nage Theron: he nea rows te conn pc oft ina (at wich de og reece from Eonar) cect) wchaned whe noise, mich wl ln real change fom [Sige to imap, wil seumulte more sony: The ssumgtcs Ineo a i Fundamentals of ital image processing {op oto whch combusting to te teal imag the npaltonone rata ° a : . spesees neal ain ec anmyevrhas 4.14 Background subtraction Neighbourhood operons ichigo! when eno ages of he ame dance which have Ben taken ‘inure refered to, oo suis 8 Yakgrou atarSon’ ‘rtm repent hero be Bld of wen. Quite fe, hs aed yt (Gand mais tan age cee wash Somewbat bight tha the [Sita abject Sie he pe lee wich assumed ocorepod othe bet ‘ay tage om Pun to oin) depending one poston te age re ‘cn Gt fom pie ee ol hy soon ee Dye! of hr iage and sabssing trae from eck tl openers 4.2 Neighbourhood operations ‘hceaespaning pon he not mass oné on he han of nahin (ks Te ae of he niibounand oy vay soe echoes e333 oF Sado ned hee i et ay of ee rd Tere or mk uch Bering often asec emo (or spre} of ae ‘te ebancent of dea mos ty compe sly Comaet Gti ha, se But ot Tne 42.4 Convolution Fundamental of ie image processing uncon lama age, iti quite ane operon when considered ina fre dacsing dete conslaion ls us conder why one ited nt pls. The we dinesonl salon neg ws Soy ari ronesbe[l,[Latceus-m nim dda vod he fat tat the ong of» shinvara tea te Ge es fda lenl and epasoton syste, om good eproninatin, ad met Seen ei eee by inecomoltin repletion of he pa a tee son icf susie hese. Tas, he fom og Arent pact) and on frm ote stn huh hi SOPRA fet “The rao sper by tbe convolution ital. The ‘ation moray feed toast er sce cca wht let of th ‘StSMibas ar lowed to ps though fo te tpt mage By chosing an ‘Beton er we can tact cela aspects of fe utp nd atenot wee ol alo E Aeightounhod opentions sherpa rh often refered oa her ken Atego frm {Copal made! f his coetlaon operation in one’s mind ae ten rain Howat, Domes Ute ese lf we taster now tthe crete domain of (Sl age at replace the negra with the sigma (omen) operate Now ‘ie sonvolain operon I hen by oheD Eso ms—m hone ‘oe summation taken oa ove the area where J and overp. Tis ‘ulipstin ed sumtin sated apical io ge 49. Here et, red his 3 pe age, lth the oii 40,0) a th coe, epeseaing Stk of sine dnt weights =~ Dh = se gute 410 Teka (rimak i sprinored on the ipa ins, ihe ipo gs piel var are Sesh renin we ee ert ne a ‘Souptoing the pon of te ete semen ofthe rae Note Bt the even formas require ta the as be Sted by 180 se Jonny) mut be mutied by Ml!) ff) mat Be male ‘Nicos and f+ 1) st be mie by CQ ies he ‘ton by 10! ene the masts see “The age to generat gen by he folowing peuo- [BIC HBACX) ‘has, 4°@ 3 deste pote whee te securing eam Beaty mabe 5 de Stee ange ee example, let B be the structuring element shown ia Figure 4.26(2) and let {xe het ov ge 420). Then Xe the st shown in Fase tage. 443 Erosion and lation 1a een 42:3, we informally into he conto oson maton. We Wit now dein th fomaly. Le B be the tanposed se of bes the Fig 426 (3 Svc seman ge st 8 o mi es! Matnemateal mophology mere gia ence teen ee Pre cameramen hhh -eosion — i is the Minkowski subtraction of B from X. © = iota schematically illutrates the etfect of erosion, fa tng ee Bb et sn Funuentae of ig mage processing ye 42h Cron fy col crn een 6 ikon ly at operation. tf lation sth lf roxio, “re dion opin i ented bythe symbol. Th: xob=rO8 “oats the ion of Xi the erosion ofA. This amount to saying athe Toso oft an object whan scr men equate ‘inion of ts eomlemsat (Ta backround) with be ame acturig oe 4:44 Opening ad closing ‘Ate sng raed by, no posible in gnarl reaver he all ing eroded eX bythe tame BT dine contest FX, hs spe nda over ata but may ecole that Pa ‘thik motel othe tracere 0 Ts es (thee fiom lowed dation fer ote genet) nen sat of X hie exe ‘Shinmocpolol and se baton pope. Ts atsformation calle "Te oo oft X witha aracrng een B ented Na ids saareh es ‘The oig of X with rape! B, dct X, 5 dete xeses coe cay 00 Matematica morphology ‘The opnin te dma st ot yl ite ts of Bihar nn nS" Ian eos a tolng of te ceteuso0 costae he pene sal tad ay lg a 44.5 Thioing ad the extraction of endpoints ‘eee Sian 2.3 a apointion hese canbe hee ‘yan erate tasformnion tnown te tinang. om the peapecte of ‘mnthemaial moroooe, the ning of ase ¥ by a eqns of racing ‘Some ic ented xo MM OLIOLIOW).OL9 FOL cee xOLMEeL a et het of pot hh i Ths order por. and I appropri stare to tsonSnesiy of then repented appt of the ining poet sucesicy remones hore ri from tlhe ston aches a hist, thet apleon ‘Fie ning antorm yl nochange in thesis Thin ofcourse, ‘Soul be emtcet ofthe thing tg dese! In Seon 2.5 Reali the denis of and i asformals XO Let 'Lex Lew Lue \Wecan nom prose develop 2 hnsng lib by dein L, The eee IK whch se fr thing bandon se Haring men a cb rn he gat oh se of 5 fora square iat) Tis equnce (| shown In Pie 439. The tang ‘Mb then moun ob pated trasormation of X= Xr Se Hint u(%Q L190 L290 Lon O led ” Fundamentals of ta image processing igre 430 suc mers vse 0 ety endo Te seo is aclved mbes X= ally X9=X, Le the oad (esnine) mae “Gen sabhion st X, we ca ny te endpins pols we ae ones it on ter pi, pte ms transfor aw apor- Stier of securing sos YE}, sow in Pgare 4.30, Ths the engpoits rake sean ar se vei ror “Tt the nin of tone pins whlch A wD one oF thee endpin 445 Applicaton identification of endpoints ofeecrcal In Chapter 8, we wl be conden a compete von and ois ce stay uomatedcinpng of cal ire, Part of his pple Is ond wih {beet of he oso the end of he ci wits ng ona Eat ‘Sine In Caper 8 we wl be employing conversion techni, bt forte [Sir of itgraton we wil ty consder « morpologial approach hee ‘Suing hat were dling witha pe see iage ong thn wes es Figs ibang) then thre te ne we sie steps a ahiving ou ble: ‘Sep 1 Theale eee image to atin a bie age, Cal his ‘Sep 2, Generate the ston 222% O1LI Sep 3. ently eps of saeon 3 sel nor Xs the se fal endif thoes wis 447 A brit introduction to greyscale mathematical ‘morphotery Soar ll of he mubematil morphology has sumed that we ae dealing wth Mathematica! morphology Fir 431 0 nedinenstonl sc of 2 wedmenconl nage {itn fo eeshating th anecencal Kno ee eeeease ne 37 epi yea Fanconi of gt! image prcesing ast X and is complamet ha wekave bie eing with inary images mrs a focpound (De tof bet pts 0) and a background Ghee Stra oer poste 2°). Usfortnae greyscale mathemati! morpolay is cosets owe oak to underan thn iry tool and th sete ‘Sos ead fo sre te an moda othe anne is whch we appon [reel image rom a mogbalapea poi Of ew: ‘fot th following, we wil cone ogedimensonl ses of a vee inesionl ine fntion Tt mak eas fo eps Ingram and merit uso fw, Than ase long he Xa aie) eye fins san br vwed ts town i Pyare #10) Ime testld i fonction ‘hong vet hy genet a lx Tl ere 7 he stall val, we ger he st of plas shown ina bit oven! ince Fare 431) Beale tage ben, scolded Co bes ‘ton fad 3 sarc ts Jn tain andthe eres image eesti the eae quence of ss seer by Swsindydeceig the Beto ee arshown a Figure 4310, ‘Groped preb fain near “Thea vel eroson the fanetn, or souence of es whlch at nial the eto of ste gerne a voce esol. Fyre 432 Mest ‘Solon of (one dimesona fncdon wh fat ttn Seen ose 422 tran of onedimensnal acon wth a sacrng ‘Set sad onto expt tet sues ofronces an luther eding ‘oe 43 itn of aecimentinfanion with a i sas ‘lone he Sie tantan Spe by tec Sima, gee! lation i ed sy 108) Inuit ta) 6.6 so Fer 433 art te lan of neocons aon wt Exercises 1. Wis conslton a uel operation In image processing? Specie In your answer by denying th eatonchip teen,

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