RussianRevolutions

NicholasII
Hebecameczarin1894hecontinuedthetraditionofRussianAutocracy.He
wantedtoindustrializeRussia.Russiabecamethefourthrankingproducerofsteel.Morejobs
werecreated.Peoplestartedtogoonstrikebecausetheywereunhappywiththeirlow
standardoflivingandlackofpoliticalpower.createdtheDumaafterbloodysunday.

Rasputin
NicholasIIswifefellundertheinfluenceofthismanwhilehewasaway.Hehelped
withthesonsHemophilia.Alexandraallowedhimtomakekeypoliticaldecisions.In1916he
wasmurderedbyagroupofnobles.

Bolsheviks
LeninandtheBolshevikstookover,andLenindistributedlandamongallofthe
peasants.Theygavecontrolofthefactoriestoalloftheworkers.Thegovernmentalsosigned
atrucewithGermanytostopallofthefightingandtostartpeacetalking.theygaveahuge
pieceoftheirlandtogermanyandtheiralliesandalotofRussianpeopledidn'tlikethat.This
startedawarbetweentheWhitearmyandBolsheviksredarmy.MadeaCommunistparty
thatheldallofthepower.

Mensheviks
amemberofthenonLeninistwingoftheRussianSocialDemocraticWorkers'
Party,opposedtotheBolsheviksanddefeatedbythemaftertheoverthrowofthetsarin
1917.

Soviets
SocialistRevolutionariescompetingforpowerformedsoviets.theywerelocal
councilsthatwereworkers,peasants,andsoldiers.Theyhadalotmoreinfluencethanthe
provisionalgovernment.

Lenin
ThemainleaderoftheBolsheviks.Hehadanengagingpersonalityandhewasan
excellentorganizer.Intheearly1900sLeninfledtowesternEuropetoavoidarrestbythe
czaristregime.Hewaiteduntilhecouldsafelyreturn.Hegainedcontroloverthepetrograd
soviets.Hemadetheneweconomicpolicywhichallowedpeasantstosellsurplusofcrops
insteadofturningthemovertothegovernment.Hemadeseveralselfgoverningrepublics
underthecentralgovernment.Lenincreatedadictatorshipoutofthecommunistparty.

RussoJapanesewar
RussiaandJapancompetedforpoweroverKoreaandManchuria.
theybothsignedaseriesofagreementsandRussiaBrokethem.JapanthenattackedPort
ArthurandManchuriainFebruary1904.

BloodySunday
January22,1905workersandtheirfamiliesapproachedtheCzarswinter
palace.Theywantedbetterworkingconditions,morepersonalfreedomandanelected
nationallegislature.Nicholasiiorderedsoldierstofireatthecrownandmorethan1000were
woundedandseveralhundredwerekilled.

WW1 In1914NicholasIImadethedecisionofbringingRussiaintoworldwarone.They
werenotpreparedforthiswar.Theywereweakandpoorlyequipped,theywerenomatchfor
Germany.Beforeayearhadpassed4millionRussiansoldierswerewoundedandkilled.

MarchRevolution
March1917womantextileworkersPetrogradledacitywidestate.Riots
flaredupovershortagesofbreadandfuel.200000workersswarmedthestreetsshouting
downwithAutocracyanddownwiththewar.LeadersoftheDumaestablishedaProvisional
Government.Alexanderkerenskywastheheadofit.

NovemberRevolution
LeninandBolsheviksgainedcontrolofthePetrogradSoviets.
PeopleinthecitieswererallyingsayingallpowertotheSoviets.Lenin'ssloganwasPeace
landandbread.

TreatyofBrestLitovsk
ApeacetreatythatbroughtWorldWarItoanend.Itwasordered
byLenin,sothattherecouldbeaquick,painlessendtothewarinallthemadnessthat
Russiawasgoingthroughatthetime.

Trotsky
LeonTrotskycommandedtheBolshevikRedarmy.

CivilWar
WhiteArmy
Madeupofverydifferentgroups.therewerepeoplewhosupportedthereturn
oftheczarsreturn,otherswhowanteddemocraticgovernmentandsocialistwhoopposed
leninsstyleofsocialism.

RedArmy

createdbytheCommunistgovernmentaftertheBolshevikRevolutionof1917.
ThenameRedArmywasabandonedin1946.

Problems
Allofthedifferentculturesinthewhitearmieswouldn'tcooperatewithone
another.

Results
Moredeadlythenandrevolutionsbefore.14MillionRussiansdiedinthethreeyear
struggleandthenafaminefollowed.Alsoaworldwidefluepidemiccameaboutwitched
causedevenmorechaosonRussia.

Newname
USSR:UnionofSovietSocialistRepublics