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Building Utilities 1
Plumbing and Sanitary Systems

Taken from UST Architecture exams by Arch. Rafael Alli

Recommended review material for UST Preboard Exam
Prepared by: arkireviewph.multiply.com

Types of Flexible Plastic Pipes

Polyethylene
Polybutylene

Types of Plumbing Piping Materials

Cast iron pipe
Galvanized iron/steel pipe
Plastic pipe
Brass pipe
Copper tube
Lead pipe
Asbestos cement pipe
Glass pipe
magnesium pipe
Aluminum pipe

Types of Rigid Plastic Pipes

Polyvinylchloride
Chlorinated polyvinyl
Polypropylene
Acrilonitryle butadiene styrene

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Types of Galvanized Steel Pipes

Welded pipe
Seamless pipe

Locations of Cleanout
Change in direction
Highest horizontal distance
Inside the building near the connection
between the building drain and building sewer
Outside the building at the lower end of the
building drain and extended to grade
Horizontal drain serving sinks and urinals
Each run of piping more than 15m./50 ft.

(8 possible locations accdg to exam - havent found other answers)

Varieties of Cast Iron Pipe

Standard pipe
Single hub pipe
Double hub pipe
Hubless pipe

Locations of Floor Drain

Shower
Bathroom floor
Garage
Near water closet
Laundry area
Near urinal
Kitchen?

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Causes of Trap Seal Loss

siphonage
back pressure
evaporation
capillary attraction
wind effects

Types of Traps
P-trap
S-trap
3/4 s-trap
Grease trap
Bag trap
Crown trap
Bell trap

Types of Valves
Gate valve
Check valve
Globe valve
Angle valve
Butterfly valve
Foot Valve
Safety valve

Types of Ventilation Systems

Unit vent
Circuit vent
Yoke vent
Loop vent
Relief vent
Back vent
Blind vent
Branch vent

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Polyvinyl chloride
A strong, rigid and economical plastic
pipe. It resists a wide range of acids and
bases but may be damaged by some
solvents and chlorinated carbons.

Check valve
A valve that permits the flow of liquid in
a pipe in one direction only and closes
automatically to prevent backflow.

Glass pipe
A type of pipe manufactured from low
expansion borosilicate having low alkali
content; primarily used for the drainage
of various corrosive liquids. It is very
brittle and should be used when some
measure of protection is provided
against damage.

Floor drain
A fixture providing an opening in the
floor to drain water into the plumbing
system.

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cleanout
A pipe fitting with a removable plug
which provides for inspection or
cleaning of the pipe run; also called an
access eye or cleaning eye.

Vent pipe
A pipe attached to drainage pipes near
one or more traps which leads to
outside air.

Circuit vent
A branch vent which serves two or
more traps and extends from infront of
the last fixture connection of a
horizontal branch to the stack.

Wye fitting
A fitting used to connect a branch pipe
into a straight run of piping at 45
degrees.

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trap
A fitting or device so constructed as to
prevent the passage of foul air, gases
and some vermin without affecting the
flow of sewage inside the pipe.

Seepage pit / cesspool

A lined and covered excavation in the
ground which receives the discharge of
domestic sewage or other organic
wastes from a drainage system.

Seal Measurement
The vertical distance between the top
dip and crown weir of a pipe.

Septic tank
A watertight receptacle which receives
the discharge of a plumbing system or
part thereof and is designed and
constructed so as to separate solids
from liquid, digest the organic matter
through a period of detention and allow
the effluent to discharge into a drainage
system.

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Back vent
Also called an individual vent

Globe Valve
A valve in which the flow of fluid is
controlled by a rotating drilled ball that
fits tightly against a resilient seat in the
body.

Blind vent
A vent which terminates on the upper
side of the fixture and does not connect
to the main vent system. This is
sometimes done with the intent of
cheating.

Loop Vent
A type of ventilation system used on
fixtures in a room away from partitions.

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Air Gap
The unobstructed vertical distance
through the free atmosphere between
the outlet of a waste pipe and the flood
level rim of the fixture or receptacle into
which it is draining.

Horizontal Pipe
Any pipe or fitting which makes an
angle of less than 45degrees with the
horizontal.

Trap
A device or fitting which provides when
properly vented, a liquid seal to prevent
the emission of sewer gases without
materially affecting the flow of sewage
or waste water through it.

Half Bath
A bathroom containing a water closet
and a lavatory.

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Roughing-in
The installation of all parts of the
plumbing system which can be
completed prior to the installation of
fixtures.

Flushometer
A device which discharges a
predetermined quantity of water to
fixtures for flushing purposes.

Floor Mounted Fixture

Refers to a plumbing fixture that rests
on the floor.

Full Bath
A bathroom containing a water closet, a
lavatory and a bathtub.

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Hose bibb
A faucet to which a hose may be
attached.

Riser
A water supply pipe that extends one
full storey or more to convey water to
fixture branches or to a group of
fixtures.

Area Drain
A receptacle for wastes which are
ultimately discharged into the sanitary
drainage system.

Soil Stack
A vertical line of piping that extends one
or more floors and receives the
discharge of water closets, urinals and
similar fixtures.

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Vent Pipe
The pipe installed to ventilate a building
drainage system and to prevent trap
siphonage.
(siphonage also syphonage - 2 accepted spellings)

Building Supply Pipe

The pipe from the water main or other
source of water supply to the water
distributing system of the building.

Stack Vent
A vent which also serves as a drain.
The extension of a soil or waste stack
above the highest horizontal drain
connection to the stack.

Vent Stack
A vertical pipe installed in order to
provide circulation of air to and from the
drainage system.

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Drain Pipe
A pipe that only conveys liquid waste,
free from fecal matter.

Stack
A general term for any vertical line of
soil, waste and vent pipe extending
through one or more storeys.

Siphonage/Syphonage
A suction created by the flow of liquid in
pipes.

Backflow
The flow of water in pipes in a reverse
direction from the which is normally
intended.

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Battery of fixtures
Any group of two or more similar
adjacent fixtures which discharge into a
common horizontal waste or soil
branch.

Clean-out
A fitting with a removable plate or plug
that is placed in plumbing drainage pipe
lines in to afford access to the pipes for
the purpose of cleaning their interior.

Branch
Any part of the piping system other than
the main riser or stack.

Developed Length
The length of pipe measured along the
center line of the pipe and fittings.

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Crown Weir
The highest part of the inside portion of
the bottom surface at the crown of a
trap.

Durhams System
A term sometimes used to describe a
soil or waste pipe system which is
constructed of threaded pipe, tubing or
other rigid construction, using recessed
drainage fittings.

Fixture Drain
The drain from the trap of a fixture to
the junction of that drain with any other
drain pipe.

Invert
The lowest portion of the inside surface
of any horizontal pipe.

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Indirect Waste Pipe

A waste pipe that does not connect
directly with the drainage system but
conveys liquid waste by discharging into
a plumbing fixture or receptacle.

Alkalinity
Cased by bicarbonates, carbonates or
hydroxide components

Sewer
An artificial conduit, usually
underground, for carrying off waste
water and refuse.

E.Coli
Bacteria in water

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Foamability
Caused by detergent

Ferrous Bicarbonate
Iron in water

Flocculation
Coagulation, alum is added

Hardness
Caused by calcium and magnesium
deposits

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Zeolite
Water softening

Grey Water
Waste water from laundry area,
lavatory, sink, shower and bathtub.

Black Water
Water plus human waste from toilets
and urinals

Color/ Discoloration
Caused by iron and manganese

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Filtration

Hydro-pneumatic System

Mode of turbidity correction

50-75 gpd
Water supply requirement for single
family

Indirect water distribution system

4
WSFU value for bathtub, public use

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3/8
Minimum fixture supply size for lavatory

Synonymous terms
Toilet - water closet
Individual vent - back vent
Building sewer Building drain Clean-out P-trap Floor set - floor mounted
Gate Valve - full way valve
Hub - bell
Lavatory - wash basin
Vent stack - main vent
Common vent - unit vent
Soil or waste vent Slop sink - service sink?
Flocculation - coagulation

Done! :)
Source: preliminary and final examinations 2002
For additional review materials or contributions go to:
www.arkireviewph.multiply.com
Good luck!

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