Khi qut

v an ton

AN TON KHI
THC HIN
TREO DY

Mc
ch ca
m-un

1. Gio trnh kiu m-un ny cung cp cho hc vin cc thng tin lin
quan n vic la chn thit b treo dy, k thut thc hin treo dy,
phng php thc hin an ton khi vn hnh cu thp.
2. Ch tho lun l t th ca ngi thc hin treo dy, la chn
phng php thc hin treo dy, la chn thit b treo dy v thit b
ph tr, s an ton khi thc hin treo dy, vic thc hin treo dy v
vn hnh an ton.

Mc
ch ca
vic hc

1. Hiu v t th ca ngi thao tc vn hnh cu thp.

2. Hiu v phng php x l u ni cp, kha dy cp, vng ni cp,
kp cp.
3. Hiu v nhng lu khi thc hin treo dy.
4. Hiu v an ton khi thc hin treo dy.

Chng

Chng

Chng

Chng

Khi qut v vic thc hin treo dy

Nhng iu cn ghi nh

Thit b treo dy v thit b ph tr

15

Nhng iu cn ghi nh

An ton khi thc hin treo dy

30

Nhng iu cn ghi nh

Thc hin treo dy v vn hnh an ton

38

Nhng iu cn ghi nh

Vn luyn tp theo m-un

49

Chng
1

Khi qut v vic thc

hin treo dy
Hiu v t th ca ngi thc hin khi vn hnh cu
thp.

01

Vic thc hin treo dy l g?

L mt lot nhng thc hin vn chuyn nh thc hin treo mc cu vo hng ha v tho
ra, thc hin di chuyn
Vic thc hin treo
theo chiu ngang dc di chuyn
dy rt nguy him nn cn c
tnh nng cao v vn hnh sau
ti ch n bng cch s dng
khi b tr ngi ph trch an
ton hoc ngi ch huy vn
cp dy thp, thit b h tr treo nh
hnh.
dy xch khi vn chuyn hng ha
bng cu thp nh cu trc, cn cu
hnh thp.

V vic thc hin rt nguy him nn cn

c tnh nng cao do chng ta cn tin
hnh sau khi b tr ngi ph trch an
ton hoc ngi ch huy thao tc.

Phi xem xt c tnh ca hng ha

quyt nh h s an ton v h s an ton
ti thiu ca thit b h tr treo nh cp
dy thp l trn 5.

Khi qut
v an ton

AN TON KHI THC HIN TREO DY

02

T th ca ngi thc hin treo dy

(1) Trang phc
Vic thc hin treo dy l lao ng c bp s dng ton thn, nhiu trng hp phi
thc hin trn cao. Do d qun o nh nhng cng tt nhng cn bo v c th
trnh khi cc tai nn do vic t trn cao ri xung, bo v chn trnh b thng
do va chm vi cc vt c trng lng ln nn chng ta cn la chn, s dng trang
phc ph hp vi ni dung cng vic.
c hc tp k nng thc hin treo
dy t nhng ngi nhiu kinh
nghim.
Cn eo dy ca m bo h ng
cch.
Nu s dng cp dy thp khi thc
hin treo dy cn eo gng tay da
gim thiu vic b thng tay do
dy b ct.
i giy bo h. Cn eo bao chn
bo v phn xung quanh c chn
hoc eo giy bo h cao c.
Cn mc o bo h c ng tay di
bo v chn hay c tay.
Hnh v 1-1 Trang phc ca ngi thc hin

(2) Xc nhn ni dung v phng php thc hin

Xc nhn ni dung thc hin v vic phn cng cng vic, c bit nu nhiu ngi
cng thc hin cn thc hin theo ng ni dung v th t thc hin khng gy ra
tai nn.
Xc nhn ni dung v th t thc hin trc khi tin hnh. Khi cn thit c th
hp u gi v cng tc an ton trc khi cho cng nhn bt u lm vic hoc
tin hnh d bo nguy him.
Tn hiu phi ging nhau tt c nhng ni lm vic v ch s dng tn hiu
nh sn. Ngi pht tn hiu cn eo bng tay nhng ngi thc hin d
dng nhn ra.

Khi qut
v an ton

Chng 1_Khi qut v vic thc hin treo dy

Chng

Khi qut v vic thc hin treo dy

(3) T th c bn khi thc hin

Nu cm thy bt an hay nghi ng v vn an ton khi thc hin treo
dy, chng ta cn chnh sa v xc nhn v vn an ton ri tip tc thc hin.
Cho d trong trng hp no cng khng c t dng c hoc i ln hng ha
s nng.
Tuyt i khng i vo phn di hng ha c nng.
i vi nhng hay ri vi cn gi buc li ri mi treo ln dy.

Ngi thc hin cu trc

Ngi thc hin treo dy

Ngi pht tn hiu

Hnh v 1-2 Hp u gi v cng tc an ton

03

La chn phng php thc hin treo dy

(1) Treo trn 1 hng dy
Theo nguyn tc l cm p dng v treo trn 1 hng dy rt yu do lun tn ti
nguy him khi xoay hng ha v phn ni dy c th tung ra do vic xoay hng
ha.
Nu treo trn 1 hng dy chng ta s khng cho cp dy thp vo l cp c, treo
trn 2 hng dy vic nng hng ha s an ton hn.

Khi qut
v an ton

AN TON KHI THC HIN TREO DY

Hnh v 1-3 Phng php treo trn 1 hng dy

Hnh v 1-4 Phng php vn chuyn dc nh vn chuyn ng

(2) Treo trn 2 hng dy

S dng khi thc hin treo dy nh treo thp trn trn di.

Hnh v 1-5 Phng php treo trn 2 hng dy

(3) Treo trn 3 hng dy

Ph hp khi to hnh ch U hay ch T.
Khong cch phi m bo v tr trng tm ca 3 im l phn trng tm ca
khi lng ging nh trng hp hnh tr.

Khi qut
v an ton

Chng 1_Khi qut v vic thc hin treo dy

Chng

Khi qut v vic thc hin treo dy

Hnh v 1-6 Phng php treo trn 3 hng dy

(4) Treo hnh ch thp (+)

Ph hp vi vic to thnh hnh thang.
i vi vic treo dy hnh ch thp khong cch gia cc dy phi ging nh.

Tut
Ri

Hnh v 1-7 Phng php treo hnh ch thp

(5) Treo dy i vi nhng hng ha c trng tm b lch

duy tr b ngang ca hng ha th chiu di ca dy chnh v dy ph phi khc
nhau.
mc ci ln trn trng tm ca khi lng.
Ch v cng ca dy bn tri v bn phi.

Khi qut
v an ton

AN TON KHI THC HIN TREO DY

Gc ca dy ph

Gc ca dy

Dy chnh

Dy ph

Trng lng Trng tm

Hnh 1-8 Dy treo hng ha c trng tm b lch

04

Lu khi thc hin dy treo

(1) Xc nhn ti trng nh mc v ti trng nng hng ha

Ti trng nh mc c gn vo cu trc th hin kh nng ti a ca cu trc,
chng ta cng khng cn ni thm v vic khng c vn chuyn hng ha vt qu
kh nng nhng v ti trng nh mc hay tng ti trng nh mc thay i theo
gc nghing ca tay cn trc hay bn knh thc hin nn ngi thao tc cu trc v
ngi thc hin treo dy cn hp tc cht ch khi cng thc hin.

Cho d qu 0.5 cng

khng vn g.
Ny, ti trng nh
mc c gn
vo cu trc th hin
kh nng ti a ca
cu trc, nu qu
ti trng nh
mc s xy ra
tai nn u!

Khi qut
v an ton

Chng 1_Khi qut v vic thc hin treo dy

Chng

Khi qut v vic thc hin treo dy

Ti trng nh mc (Rated load): L ti trng sau khi tr i ti trng

tng ng vi trng lng ca dng c treo nh mc, ti trong ti trng
nng hng ca cu trc. Tuy nhin y l loi cu trc c tay cn trc nn
kh nng ti hng ha cng khc nhau ty theo v tr ca gc nghing do
ti trng nh mc chnh l ti trng sau khi tr i trng lng ca
dng c treo trong ti trng nng hng ha ti v tr .
Ti trng nng (Hoisting load): L ti trng ti a c th nng hng ha
ty theo cht liu v cu trc ca cu trc, trong ti trng ny bao gm
trng lng ca dng c treo nng ti trng nh gu mc (bucket), nam
chm in dng nng (magnet), thng (tung).

(2) D on trng lng (khi lng) hng ha v v tr trng tm

o c khi lng bng mt hay d on v tr trng tm l vic cn c kinh nghim
hay khi nim c tnh nguyn tc, vic d on sai khng ch lm gim nng sut lm
vic m cn c th tr thnh nguyn nhn gy ra tai nn nng. Vic d on khi
lng hay trng tm cho d l ngi c nhiu kinh nghim cng gp nhiu kh khn
do chng ta cn phi hi ngi c lin quan hoc phi biu th gi tr o c.
D on khi lng
a. Vic d on nh hn khi lng thc t rt nguy him nn chng ta cn d
on tng thm khong 20% so vi khi lng c o bng mt.
b. o c thc t nhng g o c bng mt xc nhn sai s v to thi quen
nng cao chnh xc ca vic o c bng mt.

Anh lm vic ny mt
hai ln y ? Nhn l
bit, chnh xc ch
khong 2t.

Anh khng
bit vic o
c bng mt l
nguyn nhn
gy ra tai
nn ?

Anh ngay lp tc
hi nhng ngi
c lin quan
xem biu th
gi tr o c
hay cha?

Hnh v 1-9 D on khi lng ca hng ha

Khi qut
v an ton

10

AN TON KHI THC HIN TREO DY

c. S dng phng php hu hiu nhm nng cao nhy cm v khi lng nh
to m hnh dng n gin th hin khi lng thng qua vic gi nh bng
tm thp hoc gn bng ghi r khi lng vo ni d nhn trn mi mt vt liu
chun hay trn mi vt liu.
D on trng tm
a. Nu chng ta khng nm bt c v tr trng tm i vi mi phng hng
th chng ta khng th thc hin vic treo dy mt cch an ton. c bit khi
thc hin i chiu chng ta cn phi nm bt v tr trng tm ca 3 hng.
b. Do trng tm ca hng ha c nng cn di ng nm dc ca mc cp
nn bng cch biu th ng trng tm trn hng ha c nng 1 ln th cho
d ai nhn vo cng c th nhn ra rng khi nng hng ha tip theo nng sut
lm vic s cao hn nh th no.

(3) Trng hp treo hng ha

Xem xt trng tm v v tr treo, gc treo hay s phn b ti trng xc nhn
xem cng v chiu di ca dng c treo dy c ph hp hay khng.
Nguyn tc n nh hng ha l phi treo phn cao hn v tr trng tm ca
hng ha. Trng hp treo phn thp hn trng tm hng ha cn n nh hng
ha bng cch buc li bng cp dy thp.
Nu treo hng ha lch sang 1 bn bng cch cho trng tm hng ha lch
sang 1 bn th vic xoay hng ha rt nguy him nn chng ta cn ht sc lu .
c bit, trng hp trng tm ca khi lng cao, cp dy thp n c th trn
nn cn p dng phng php chng trn.
di hng ha kiu thp trn trn di nn cp dy thp dng treo theo
phng php cun li hoc b li c th b trn nn cn p dng phng php
chng trn.
Vic phn tn lc khc nhau ty theo gc treo nn hng ha treo c th b hng
do cn xc nhn cng va .
Xc nhn xem tht nt ti phn cp dy thp xuyn qua phn pha di hng
ha cha.
i vi hng ha c gc cnh chng ta cn bo v hng ha v cp dy thp dng
treo bng cc dng c bo v.

Khi qut
v an ton

Chng 1_Khi qut v vic thc hin treo dy

11

Chng

Khi qut v vic thc hin treo dy

4) Trng hp treo vo mc
Thc hin treo dy bng cch cho mc vo v tr sao cho t th lm vic v ch
chn m bo an ton khi lm vic v d dng thc hin vic treo dy.
Khng cn chnh cho mc nm trn ng dc ca trng tm hng ha ngay t lc
u.
Theo nguyn tc gc treo l di 60o v gc ln nht l di 90o.
Xc nhn tnh nng ca dng c chng tut mc cp. Cho d c thit b chng
tut mc cp nhng chng ta vn cn ch v cp dy thp c th tut khi mc.

Xc nhn tnh nng ca thit b chng tut mc

Gc treo di 60

ng theo th t tnh t cp dy thp bn trong ca mc

Hnh v 1-10 Trng hp treo vo mc

Khi qut
v an ton

12

AN TON KHI THC HIN TREO DY

Chng

Nhng iu
cn ghi nh
trong chng
ny

1. Thc hin treo dy

L mt lot nhng thc hin vn chuyn nh thc hin treo mc cu vo hng
ha v tho ra, thc hin di chuyn theo chiu ngang dc di chuyn ti ch
n bng cch s dng cp dy thp, thit b h tr treo nh dy xch khi vn
chuyn hng ha bng cu thp nh cu trc, cn cu hnh thp.

2. T th ca ngi thc hin treo dy

(1) Trang phc
Vic thc hin treo dy l lao ng c bp s dng ton thn, nhiu trng
hp phi thc hin trn cao. Do d qun o nh nhng cng tt nhng cn
bo v c th trnh khi cc tai nn do vic t trn cao ri xung, bo v
chn trnh b thng do va chm vi cc vt c trng lng ln nn chng ta
cn la chn, s dng trang phc ph hp vi ni dung cng vic.
(2) Xc nhn ni dung thc hin
Xc nhn ni dung thc hin v vic phn cng cng vic, c bit nu nhiu
ngi cng thc hin cn thc hin theo ng ni dung v th t thc hin
khng gy ra tai nn.
(3) T th ca ngi thao tc
Nu cm thy bt an hay nghi ng v vn an ton khi thc hin treo dy,
chng ta cn chnh sa v xc nhn v vn an ton ri tip tc thc hin.
Cho d trong trng hp no cng khng c t dng c hoc i ln
hng ha s nng.
Tuyt i khng i vo phn di hng ha c nng.
i vi nhng hay ri vi cn gi buc li ri mi treo ln dy.

Chng

Nhng iu
cn ghi nh
trong chng
ny

3. La chn phng php thc hin treo dy

(1) Treo trn 1 hng dy
Theo nguyn tc l cm p dng v treo trn 1 hng dy rt yu do lun tn
ti nguy him khi xoay hng ha v phn ni dy c th tung ra do vic xoay
hng ha.
Nu treo trn 1 hng dy chng ta s khng cho cp dy thp vo l cp
c, treo trn 2 hng dy vic nng hng ha s an ton hn.
(2) Treo trn 2 hng dy
S dng khi thc hin treo dy nh treo thp trn trn di.
(3) Treo trn 3 hng dy
Ph hp khi to hnh ch U hay ch T.
Khong cch phi m bo v tr trng tm ca 3 im l phn trng tm
ca khi lng ging nh trng hp hnh tr.
(4) Treo hnh ch thp (+)
Ph hp vi vic to thnh hnh thang.
i vi vic treo dy hnh ch thp khong cch gia cc dy phi ging
nhau.

Khi qut
v an ton

14

AN TON KHI THC HIN TREO DY

Chng
2

Dng c treo v dng c

h tr treo
Hiu v phng php x l u ni cp, kha cp dy
thp, vng ni cp, kp cp.

01

Dng c treo
V vic la chn dng c treo chng ta cn xc nhn khi lng, trng tm, hnh dng, v
tr nng hng, dm nng hng ha v kim tra trc vn bo v hng ha i vi
phng php treo la chn dng c v dng c h tr treo (dng c bo v) ti u nht.

Hnh v 2-1 Dng c v dng c h tr treo

Khi qut
v an ton

Chng 2_Dng c treo v dng c h tr treo

15

Chng

Dng c treo v dng c h tr treo

Dng c treo c s dng nhiu nht trong cc thit b nng h hng ha nh cu

trc l cp dy thp v y ngi ta ni hoc buc mc cp(Hook) v l cp(Eye)
li s dng v c phn ra thnh 5 loi theo dng c buc
L cp

Hnh dng

L cp

Hiu sut

M
ng

Vng ni cp

Ci nm

Nt ni dy

Kp

Hnh v 2-2 Hiu sut ty theo dng c buc

Bng 2-1 La chn dng c treo ty theo loi hng ha vn chuyn

Hng ha vn chuyn
Khi lng
Trng tm
Kch c
Cht lng
S lng
c tnh
- Vt c nhit
cao
- Dng nc
- Cht nguy hi
- Cht lm cng
- Hng d b tn
hi

Phngphpsdngdngc
(Phng php treo)
Phng php treo dy
- Phng php buc
- Phng php cun
V tr treo
Gc treo
Phn b ti trng
Slnvachmcadngc
Hng o chiu
- Bin v trng tm
- V tr
Strntrtcadngc
Cu trc s dng
Dung lng (chnh, ph)
Dm nng
Gii hn s dng

Khi qut
v an ton

16

AN TON KHI THC HIN TREO DY

La chn dng c
(Dng c treo)
Chng loi, hnh thc
Dung lng
Kch c
Chiu di
S lng
( bo h)
Bo h hng ha
Bo h dng c
(Dng c h tr)
Tr
Kch c
S lng
Cng
Dy ko

Dng c treo
Cp dy thp
Dy ai bng si
Dy xch
Rng rc xch
Kp
Mc
Kha cp
Bulng vng
Tr i trng
Phng php vn chuyn,
ni vn chuyn
Chng ngi vt
Ni xung
Ni nhn

(1) Cp dy thp (Wire rope)

Hnh dng
a. Thng thng cp dy thp c to thnh t cc si dy c lm bng rut
cp dy thp (Core), dy cp (Strand), b cp (Strand).
b. Cht liu ca si dy c lm bng thp cc bon cht lng tt, c cng
ko khong 150~180kgf/mm2.

Thp cc bon
Thp ccbon
Si cp

Cp dy thp

B cp

Si cp
Li cp

B cp

Hnh 2-3 Hnh dng cp dy thp

B cp
B cp ca dy pha trong
B cp ca dy pha ngoi
Hng bn si cp
ng knh ca b dy
Chiu di bn cp dy thp

Li dy
B cp ca dy chnh
Thp cc bon
Hng bn b cp
ng knh cp dy thp
Chiu di cp dy thp

Hnh v 2-4 Tn gi ca cp dy thp

Cu to cp dy thp
Thng thng cp dy thp c cu to gm hn 6 b dy v cho d cp dy
thp c kch c ging nhau th loi cp dy thp cng thanh v s lng dy cng
nhiu th cng mm.

Khi qut
v an ton

Chng 2_Dng c treo v dng c h tr treo

17

Chng

Dng c treo v dng c h tr treo

Loi B
ng knh dy
Phn theo loi
(Cng ko ca si cp
Chng loi thp cc bon
Cu to b cp (S lng si cp)
S: Kiu b cp
W: Kiu Warrington
Fi: Kiu pillar
Ws: Kiu Warrington Seal
Cu to dy cp (S lng b cp)

Hnh v 2-5 Phng php biu th cp dy thp

Phng php bn cp
a. Phng php bn cp thng thng
Lm cho chiu di tip xc bn ngoi ca si cp ngn li bng cch lm cho
hng bn ca b cp to thnh cp dy thp v hng bn ca si cp to
thnh b cp ngc nhau. Phng php ny c s dng ch yu trong cc
lnh vc my mc, xy dng, tu thuyn, thy sn.
b. Phng php bn cp song song
Phng php bn cp lm cho chiu di tip xc bn ngoi ca si cp di hn
bng cch to cho hng bn ca b cp to thnh cp dy thp v hng bn
ca si cp to thnh b cp ging nhau.

(Phng php bn cp thng thng)

(Phng php bn cp song song)

Hnh 2-6 Phng php bn cp thng thng v phng php bn cp song song

Khi qut
v an ton

18

AN TON KHI THC HIN TREO DY

 Phng php tnh ton h s an ton ca cp dy thp

a. Cng thc tnh h s an ton ca cp dy thp

: H s an ton
: Ti trng ph hy
: S lng hng cp dy thp
: Hiu sut ca t hp rng rc
: Ti trng nng (ton)

b. Ti trng treo trn 1 hng cp dy thp ca thit b nng 30 tn

Ti trng treo trn rng rng c mc 30 tn c tnh bng cch thm 0.8 tn
khi lng ring ca mc thnh 30.8 tn.
(tn)

c. Ti trng ph hy cn thit ca cp dy thp

H s an ton ca cp dy thp ca thit b nng : Trn 5
(tn)
: Ti trng treo ln 1 hng cp dy thp

d. La chn cp dy thp cn thit

ng knh ca dy i vi ti trng ph hy cp dy thp 21,85 tn trng
hp s 6 (6x37) KSD3514 nh sau:
ng knh cp
dy thp
20mm
22.4mm
25mm

Loi A
21.2 tn
28.4 tn
33.2 tn

Do chng ta la chn ng knh cp dy thp l 22.4mm

e. H s an ton tnh ton i vi cp dy thp
H s an ton ca cp dy thp
=ti trng ph hy ca cp dy thp la chn (tn)

Khi qut
v an ton

Chng 2_Dng c treo v dng c h tr treo

19

Chng

Dng c treo v dng c h tr treo

<Bng 2-2> Tiu chun v h s an ton ca cp dy thp

Chng loi cp dy thp

H s an ton

Cp dy thp dng nng hng ha

Cp dy thp v dy cp dng cho cn cu hnh thp
Cp dy thp dng cho vic vn hnh cu trc

5.0

Cp dy thp dng cu trc

Dy cp ph tr v cp dy thp dng c nh

4.0

Dy cp chnh dng cho cn cu dy cp

Dy cp kiu ray

2.7

Dy cp dng cho vic nng hng ha nh phng

vn hnh

9.0

(2) Dy xch (Chain)

Chng n mn v chng nhit tt.
Gn nh khng thay i hnh dng.
D thc hin khi treo vt c nhit cao.
S dng b dy treo bng cch gn mc hoc vng treo.
Gc treo nh hn 60o.
Ch dy khng ri hay xon vn.
Bc l

rng
(Bn tri)

DIA(ng knh dy)

Hnh v 2-7 Cu to dy xch (Chain)

(3) ai si (Fiber belt)

c trng
a. Gim chn tt
Ch khi s dng
a. Cm s dng nhit cao
c. Khng c ma st

Khi qut
v an ton

20

AN TON KHI THC HIN TREO DY

b. Mm do

c. Cng yu

b. S dng bo v ti cc gc nhn
d. Cn ch v cng gim gp ti nhng
ch b try xc nh

Hnh 2-1 ai si (Fiber belt)

02

Dng c h tr
(1) u ni cp (Socket)
Tho b cp ca cp dy thp v cho vo u ni cp sau khi tho tt c cc si
dy ca b cp ri cho kim loi nng chy vo gia cng.
S dng ch yu nhng ni c ti trng treo ln nh cu treo
Hiu sut 100% nu gia cng chnh xc
u ni cp c loi m v loi ng
Kh nng c nh ca u ni cp b nh hng ty theo chng loi ca vt
liu v chiu di rt kim loi nu chy nhng cng thc tnh ton mt cch
n gin nh sau:
F(kgf) v kh nng c nh = .d.L.B.N
d: ng knh si cp (mm)
B: Kh nng bm dnh ca kim loi nng chy (thng thng 0.87Kgf/mm2)
L: Chiu di bm dnh ca kim loi nng chy (mm), bng chiu di u ni cp
N: S si cp ca dy cp

Khi qut
v an ton

Chng 2_Dng c treo v dng c h tr treo

21

Chng

Dng c treo v dng c h tr treo

u ni cp kiu m (Closed socket)

u ni cp kiu ng (Opened socket)

u ni cp kiu cu (Bridge socket)

Hnh 2-8 V d v gia cng u ni cp (socket)

(2) Vng ni cp (Thimble)

L vic treo dy ngn chn s bin dng ca dy cp, s tht nt v ma st
nn n l sn phm cn thit cho nt ni dy (Eye splice) ca dy cp. Thng
thng sn phm c lm bng thp(steel), gang, inox c bn ch v nu
khng c vng ni vi nt ni dy ca dy cp th khng c gi l dng c ni
dy.

Khung dy

Khung chun

Khung mng

A=6
B= 4
dy phn di = 0.4
im: = Rope dia

Hnh 2-9 Hnh dng vng ni cp

y l phng php kt ni ton b dy cp m khng lm hng tnh cht ca

dy cp do tc dng ma st bng cch cho dy cp vo ng bc ngoi ca hp kim
nhm hay thp cn kiu ng v nn li ng bc ngoi dnh vo b mt dy cp.
N c hiu qu gn ging vi ti trng ph hoi ca dy cp v ch yu c s
dng cho dy cp dng treo.
Khi qut
v an ton

22

AN TON KHI THC HIN TREO DY

Dy cp
Vng ni cp

ng bc ngoi

Hnh v 2-10 V d v gia cng vng ni cp

(3) Ci nm (Wedge)
Phng php qun dy cp vo mt loi nm ri y vo hp ni li.
L phng php gia cng c th thc hin n gin v c th p dng mt cch d
dng ti hin trng.
Lu hng dy cp b ko cng phi to thnh ng thng.
Trng hp ci nm nh hn so vi ng knh ca dy cp th hnh dng dy cp
s b bin dng v s lm gim hiu qu.

u ni cp kiu nm (wedge socket)

Dng c kp (Clamp Fitting)

nm(wedge socket)

Phng php ng

Phng php sai

Hnh 2-11 V d v gia cng nm (Wedge)

Khi qut
v an ton

Chng 2_Dng c treo v dng c h tr treo

23

Chng

Dng c treo v dng c h tr treo

(4) Nt ni dy (Eye splice)

Vic gia cng nt ni dy l phng php gia cng u ni cp theo dng vng, ch
yu c s dng cho dy cp dng treo.
Phng php gia cng
a. Qun dy
L phng php bn b cp phn cui theo hng bn dy cp, bn ngoi c
hnh dng ging vi dy cp
b. Bn dy
L phng php y b cp phn cui theo hng ngc li vi hng bn dy
cp, b mt da cng c hnh dng bn ging vi ci gi.

B: 20 ln ng knh ca dy cp
C: 5 ln ng knh ca dy cp

E: Di 50mm ~ 40 ln ng knh dy cp
Trn 50mm ~ 50 ln ng knh dy cp
D: Khong 18 ln ng knh dy cp

D: Khong 20 ln ng knh dy cp

Hnh 2-12 V d v gia cng nt ni dy (Eye splice)

(5) Vng kp (Clip)

Chng ta cn quan tm n nhng hng mc cn ch nh sau khi s dng phng
php ni vng kp l phng php c s dng nhiu nht.
ai ca vng kp nm pha treo nng hn ca dy cp.
S lng v khong cch ca vng kp l hn 6 ln ng knh ca dy cp,
s lng ti thiu l hn 4 ci.
Trc v sau khi treo ti trng chng ta cn sit cht li cho chc chn.

Khi qut
v an ton

24

AN TON KHI THC HIN TREO DY

 Gn vng ni cp (Thimble).
Buc (sezing) phn cn li li.
Phn ni tip ca vng ni cp khng b tch ra.

Giai
on 1

Ni tm thi vng kp 1 ln

Vng ni cp

Giai
on 2

Ni vng kp pha vng ni cp

Giai
on 3

Ni vng kp ln 2, ln 3 vo pha
vng ni cp

Hnh 2-13 V d v vic ni vng kp

Hnh 2-14 Thay i cng khi ni vng kp

(6) Kha dy cp (Shackle)

Dng c h tr kha dy cp dng cho dy cp treo l dng c h tr c dng
nhiu cho cng tc vn chuyn m khng cn phn bit loi hnh v ngnh ngh kinh
doanh. Kha dy cp c loi kha un (Bow shackle) v kha thng (Straight shackle).

Khi qut
v an ton

Chng 2_Dng c treo v dng c h tr treo

25

Chng

Dng c treo v dng c h tr treo

<Bng 2-3> Chng loi v hnh thc kha dy cp

K hiu
trn thn
Chng loi
kha dy
cp

Kha un

Kha thng

Bulong hay cht

Hnh dng

K hiu
hnh
K hiu thc

Cht c m phng

BA

Bulong 6 cnh

BB

Bulong vng
Bulong vng

C
D

BC
BD

Cht c m phng

SA

Bulong 6 cnh

SB

Bulong vng
Bulong vng

C
D

SC
SD

Phng php c nh
bulong hay cht
Phch cm trn (S dng
cht phn chia)
ai c (S dng cht
phn chia)
Kiu lp inh vt
Kiu lp inh vt
Phch cm trn (S dng
cht phn chia)
ai c (S dng cht
phn chia)
Kiu lp inh vt
Kiu lp inh vt

Hnh 2-15 Hnh dng kha dy cp (Shackle)

Trng hp mun s dng kha dy cp treo cn phi kim tra trc v cc im

kim tra nh sau.
Ti trng nng cho php ca kha dy cp
Trng thi ca inh vt (Screw) v cht (Pin)

Khi qut
v an ton

26

AN TON KHI THC HIN TREO DY

(7) Mt xch dy cp v vng treo khng c u ni

Mt xch dy cp W

Vng treo W

Mt xch cui cng W

Mt xch hp kim W

Hnh 2-16 Vng treo khng c u ni

Khi qut
v an ton

Chng 2_Dng c treo v dng c h tr treo

27

Chng

Nhng iu
cn ghi nh
trong chng
ny

1. Dng c treo
(1) Dy cp
Thng thng cp dy thp c to thnh t cc si dy c lm bng
rut cp dy thp (Core), si cp (Strand), b cp (Strand).
Cht liu ca si dy c lm bng thp cc bon cht lng tt, c cng
ko khong 150~180kgf/mm2.
Thng thng cp dy thp c cu to gm hn 6 b dy v cho d cp
dy thp c kch c ging nhau th loi cp dy thp cng thanh v s
lng dy cng nhiu th cng mm.
(2) Dy xch(Chain)
Chng n mn v chng nhit tt.
Gn nh khng thay i hnh dng.
D thc hin khi treo vt c nhit cao.
S dng b dy treo bng cch gn mc hoc vng treo.
Gc treo nh hn 60o.
Ch dy khng ri hay xon vn.
(3) ai si (Fiber belt)
c trng
a. Gim chn tt

b. Mm do

c. Cng yu

Ch khi s dng
a. Cm s dng nhit cao

b. S dng bo v ti cc gc nhn

c. Khng c ma st

d. Cn ch v cng gim gp ti
nhng ch b try xc nh

Chng

Nhng iu
cn ghi nh
trong chng
ny

2. Dng c h tr
(1) u ni cp (socket)
S dng ch yu nhng ni c ti trng treo ln nh cu treo
Hiu sut 100% nu gia cng chnh xc
Cc loi u ni cp c loi m v loi ng
(2) Vng ni cp (Thimble)
L vic treo dy ngn chn s bin dng ca dy cp, s tht nt v ma
st nn n l sn phm cn thit cho nt ni dy (Eye splice) ca dy cp.
(3) Ci nm (Wedge)
L phng php gia cng c th thc hin n gin v p dng mt cch
d dng ti hin trng
Lu hng dy cp b ko cng to thnh ng thng
Trng hp ci nm nh hn so vi ng knh ca dy cp th hnh dng
dy cp b bin dng v s lm gim hiu qu.
(4) Nt ni dy (Eye splice)
Vic gia cng nt ni dy l phng php gia cng u ni cp theo dng vng,
ch yu c s dng cho dy cp dng treo.
(5) Vng kp (Clip)
ai ca vng kp nm pha treo nng hn ca dy cp.
S lng v khong cch ca vng kp l hn 6 ln ng knh ca dy
cp, s lng ti thiu l hn 4 ci.
Trc v sau khi treo ti trng chng ta cn sit cht li cho chc chn.
Buc (sezing) phn cn li li.
Phn ni tip ca vng ni cp khng b tch ra.
(6) Kha dy cp (shackle)
Dng c h tr kha dy cp l dng c h tr c dng nhiu cho cng tc
vn chuyn m khng cn phn bit loi hnh v ngnh ngh kinh doanh.

Chng
3

An ton khi thc hin

treo dy
Hiu bit v nhng iu cn ch khi thc hin treo
dy

01

Nm bt v tr trng tm ca hng ha c nng

Nm bt chnh xc v tr trng tm ca hng ha c nng.
Xc nh ng knh ca dy cp theo trng lng ca hng ha.
Chn s lng hng dy cp (sling) s s dng.
La chn phng php treo dy.

(a) Nng (b) Su

<Phng php mc
dy (hitching)>

<Treo 2 hng dy>

<Treo 3 hng dy>

<Qun li cho ph hp>

Hnh 3-1 V d v phng php mc dy v treo dy

Khi qut
v an ton

30

An ton khi thc hin treo dy

02

Xc nhn xem lc treo trn dy cp i xng hay khng

i xng

Trng
tm

Treo i xng
Dy chnh

Trng
tm

Trng
tm

Trng
tm

Treo khng
i xng
Dy ph
Ti trng treo trn dy chnh
dy hng ha
Ti trng treo ln dy ph

Hnh 3-2 Phng php treo

03

Lu v s thay i cng theo gc treo trn dy cp

Bng h s cng theo gc treo trn dy cp

Khi qut
v an ton

Chng 3_An ton khi thc hin treo dy

31

Chng

An ton khi thc hin treo dy

Ti trng v s thay i gc theo vic treo trn 2 hng dy

(V d) Cng ca T1 nh th no khi treo ti trng theo gc ging nh
hnh v?

Thay i cng ca 1 hng dy cp c chiu di v gc dy cp khc nhau

y l hin tng xy ra nhiu khi nng hng ha trong trng hp trng tm
hng ha khng i xng.
Gc

Cng thc p dng

Khi qut
v an ton

32

An ton khi thc hin treo dy

Gi tr

Gc

Gi tr

(V d) Ti trng W = 100 tn
Sin = 20o
Khi Sin = 15o, ti trng ko treo trn F1 v F2 l bao nhiu?
Trc tin chng ta tm gi tr Sin , trong bng hm lng gic thay
vo cng thc p dng
tn
tn

Ngha l, ti trng ko treo trn F1 l 5.69 tn, ti trng trn F2 l 4.31 tn nn ta

nhn vi h s an ton ri chn pha treo nhiu ti trng ko hn la chn dy
cp.
Thay i ti trng khi treo dy cp trn mc
p dng cng thc n gin sau y bit c ti trng an ton treo trn mc
cp.

Ti trng an ton

Trong W =tf
B=cm
H=cm
a=cm

Hnh 3-3 Mt ct ti trng mc treo cc hng

Nguyn tc l dy cp phn trng tm trn mc cp nhng cho d c treo ging

nh hnh v nhng n cng gy nh hng n s thay i ti trng ca mc treo do
iu kin v mi trng treo.

Khi qut
v an ton

Chng 3_An ton khi thc hin treo dy

33

Chng

An ton khi thc hin treo dy

Hnh 3-4 Thay i ti trng theo v tr mc treo

04

ng knh ca thanh (bar) dng mc (hooking) dng

cho vic thc hin treo dy ln hn 6 ln ng knh dy
cp.

Hnh 3-5 Quan h gia thanh dng mc (hooking bar) v ng knh dy cp

05

Ngi c o to v an ton khi thc hin vn chuyn

nh k thut thc hin t treo dy ca ngi thc hin treo
dy cn tin hnh thao tc.

Khi qut
v an ton

34

An ton khi thc hin treo dy

06

D on khi chnh xc ca hng ha mun vn chuyn v

nng h
Thng thng trng lng ca vt nng c d on da trn s tnh ton bng mt
nhng s c s khc nhau nh do gn thm l, gi nn chng ta thng xuyn phi o
c.
Phng php o c bng mt
T trng: Biu th trng lng chun mi 1m3 ca vt th:
Nc 1 tn, thp 7.8 tn, ng 8.9 tn
Phng thc tnh ton trng lng
- Trng lng = Th tch x t trng
- n v Biu th tn.

07

Chun b y cc dng c h tr treo cn thit cho vic

thc hin treo dy

Nu thiu dng c
h tr treo dy nh
kha dy cp, kp cp
s gy tr ngi cho
vic thc hin nn
chng ta cn chun
b cho y .

Khi qut
v an ton

Chng 3_An ton khi thc hin treo dy

35

Chng

Nhng iu
cn ghi nh
trong chng
ny

1. 7 iu an ton khi thc hin treo dy

(1) Nm bt v tr trng tm ca hng ha s nng (1 im).
Nm bt chnh xc v tr trng tm ca hng ha s nng.
Xc nh ng knh ca dy cp theo trng lng ca hng ha.
Chn s lng hng dy cp (sling) s s dng.
La chn phng php treo dy.

(a) Nng (b) Su

<Phng php mc
dy (hitching)>

<Treo 2 hng dy>

<Treo 3 hng dy>

<Qun li cho ph hp>

(2) Xc nhn xem lc treo trn dy cp i xng hay khng i xng(2 im)

Trng
tm
Treo i xng

Dy chnh

Trng
tm

Trng
tm

Trng
tm

Treo khng
i xng

Dy ph

Ti trng treo trn dy chnh

dy hng ha
Ti trng treo ln dy ph

Khi qut
v an ton

36

An ton khi thc hin treo dy

Chng

Nhng iu
cn ghi nh
trong chng
ny

(3) Lu s thay i cng theo gc treo trn dy cp (3 im).

(4) ng knh ca thanh (bar) dng mc (hooking) dng cho thc hin treo
dy ln hn 6 ln ng knh dy cp (4 im).
(5) Ngi c o to v an ton khi thc hin vn chuyn nh k thut thc
hin t treo dy ca ngi thc hin treo dy cn phi tin hnh thao tc (5
im).
(6) D on khi chnh xc ca hng ha mun vn chuyn v nng h (6 im).
Thng thng trng lng ca vt nng c d on da trn s tnh ton
bng mt nhng s c s khc nhau nh do gn thm l, gi nn chng ta
thng xuyn phi o c.
(7) Chun b y cc dng c h tr treo cn thit cho thc hin treo dy (7
im).

Chng
4

Thc hin treo dy v

vic vn hnh an ton
Hiu bit v an ton khi thc hin treo dy.

01

Nng hng 1 on ngn v tm ngng trc khi tip t

(1) V tr ca ngi thc hin
Tn hiu cn c th hin ti v tr ngi vn hnh cu trc c th nhn thy r
C th xy ra dao ng hng ha trong thi gian ngn khi tip t nn ngi thc
hin khng c ng hay i vo ni nh hp. phng trnh vic dao ng hng
ha chng ta khng c y hoc ko hng ha bng sc ngi.
Khi c hn 2 ngi thc hin treo dy cn gy ra ting ku qua li nhau. c bit
ngi pht tn hiu khng c t phn on pht tn hiu.
Dy cp khng qun bng tay m c qun ging nh y bng lng bn tay.
Nu c dng c h tr nh mc cp cn s dng tch cc dng c ny.

Khi qut
v an ton

38

AN TON KHI THC HIN TREO DY hin treo dy

Ngi
pht tn hiu
phi thc hin
ti v tr an ton
m ngi vn
hnh cu trc
c th nhn
thy r.

Khi c hn 2
ngi thc hin
cn phi to ra
ting ku

Phi lm
nh vy chng ta c
th xc nhn v tr ca nhau
v phng chng vic xy
ra tai nn.

Ti ni my ln l
khi tin hnh treo dy khng
c nm dy cp
bng tay ri
c m.

Hnh 4-1 V tr ca ngi thc hin treo dy

(2) Xc nhn, sa cha trng thi treo dy

Nu dy cp dng treo b ko cng, trc tin chng ta cn dng vic treo dy
kim tra nhng hng mc nhm xc nhn trng thi treo dy.
- Sc cng trn dy cp dng treo c cn bng hay khng, sc cng c ph hp
hay khng, dy c b ko cng hay khng, dy c b cng qu khng?
- C hng ha no b gy nt hay khng?
- C dy cp no b trn khng v c bo v b tut ra khng?
Sa cho hng ha treo nm ngang.

Khi qut
v an ton

Chng 4_Thc hin treo dy v vic vn hnh an ton

39

Chng

Thc hin treo dy v vic vn hnh an ton

Anh hy
sa li
cho n nm
ngang i.
Vng

Hnh 4-2 Trng tm ca hng ha

02

Nng hng ha qung ng ngn v tm ngng sau khi

hng ha tip t
Nu hng ha c treo gn tip t chng ta cn xc nhn li trng thi treo v s n
nh ca hng ha c treo, cao nng hng c v tr cng thp cng tt (Xc nhn, sa
trng thi treo dy cao di 20cm).
(1) Xc nhn xem hng ha c treo c n nh hay khng, liu c ri trong khi di
chuyn khng.
(2) Xc nhn xem trng thi treo dng c treo, trng thi bo v dng c hay hng ha tt
hay khng, khng nng cng vi hng ha khng cn thit nh thanh ging ngang
(3) Khi hng ha lung lay th sau khi nng hng cn tm ngng trc khi di chuyn.
Khi ln u tin xc
nhn trng thi treo dy v
s n nh ca hng ha
c treo, trng thi treo dy
thp trong phm vi 20cm
l tt nht.

Hnh 4-3 Xc nhn ln 1 khi treo

Khi qut
v an ton

40

AN TON KHI THC HIN TREO DY hin treo dy

03

Di chuyn khi treo

Xc nhn xem c tr ngi g trong khi treo khng.
Ngi thc hin treo dy cn phi ng xa so vi hng ha trong phm vi c th.

(1) Cn phi xem xt ni di chuyn v phng hng treo to cao an ton ph hp

vi tnh hung.
(2) Trng hp c ngi thc hin hay c cc chng ngi vt trn ng vn chuyn,
nguyn tc l cn treo ti a cao trn 2m.
(3) Trng hp s dng cu trc kiu thao tc trn mt t, trng hp s dng nam chm
nng chuyn hay thit b nng kiu chn khng hoc khng c tr ngi g khi di
chuyn qung ng ngn th chng ta nn nng hng ha ti v tr thp nht nu c
th.

Khi qut
v an ton

Chng 4_Thc hin treo dy v vic vn hnh an ton

41

Chng

04

Thc hin treo dy v vic vn hnh an ton

Nhng iu cn lu khi treo hng ha trn mc cp

(1) Xc nhn tnh nng ca thit b nh mc
(2)Treo ng th t t dy cp bn trong mc
(3) Gc treo nh hn 60o

Xc nhn tnh
nng ca
dng c nh
mc ...

Treo ng
th t ca
dy cp
bn trong
mc ...

Gc treo nh
hn 60o.

05

Hng dn a hng ha ti ch n
Ngi thc hin cn ni an ton v sao cho ngi vn hnh d nhn thy, hng dn
hng ha ti ch n v qun l c nhng ngi qua li khc theo s cn thit.
(1) V tr ca ngi thc hin treo dy
Ngi thc hin cn ng v tr khng qu hp so vi hng ha c treo hay
c a xung hoc khng va chm vi hng ha c treo cho d cu trc di
chuyn bt ng.

Khi qut
v an ton

42

AN TON KHI THC HIN TREO DY hin treo dy

- i vi cu trc cu chy, cn cu cng v tr l 45o theo hng vn hnh, hng nm ngang

- i vi cn trc xoay v tr l l 45o theo hng xoay, ln xung ngoi bn knh thao tc.

Hng ln
xung

Hng vn
chuyn
(nguy him mt
trc)

Phm vi thao tc

Hng nm
ngang (nguy
him mt
trc)

Hnh 4-4 V tr ca ngi thc hin treo dy

(2) V tr v thao tc ca ngi pht tn hiu

Ngi pht tn hiu cn hng dn t pha trc ca hng ha c treo ti ch n,
ch nh v tr a hng xung t.
i vi nhng hng ha c chiu di di hoc hng ha ln cn xoay trong khi di
chuyn, nhng hng ha c kh nng va chm vi hng ha khc cn buc dy cp
chng no hng dn.
Ty theo ni thc hin v loi hng ha treo m chng ta buc nhiu dy cp
chng no hng dn.
Cn ch v c th dy cp chng no c th mc vo sn phm khc trong khi
cu trc di chuyn.

06

Tm ngng trc khi nng h, tip t

Cn xc nhn xem c tr ngi g trong khi nng h hng ha khng, hng dn cho hng
ha xung.
Khng c h hng ha mt cch tm thi,cn tm ngng ti v tr thanh ging ngang
trc khi tip t xc nhn s an ton sau khi tip t.
(1) Khng c nng h hng ha trong trng thi lc l, cn nng h sau khi x l
vic hng ha lc l.
(2) Ngi pht tn hiu, ngi thc hin cn ng ni an ton, tuyt i khng i vo
phn pha di hng ha c nng do chun b tip t.
Khi qut
v an ton

Chng 4_Thc hin treo dy v vic vn hnh an ton

43

Chng

Thc hin treo dy v vic vn hnh an ton

(3) Khng c t hng ha trc tip trn nn t, cn s dng thanh ging ngang.
Thanh ging ngang rt quan trng i vi cht lng v s n nh ca hng ha
nhng n cng c vai tr bo v chn ca ngi thao tc.
(4) Xc nhn v tr xung hng v v tr thanh ging ngang ( nm ngang, kh nng chu
lc), b tr thanh ging ngang vi s lng cn thit v kch c ph hp.
(5) Sa v tr hng ha c treo, thanh ging ngang. sa v tr xung hng, khng
c y hoc ko hng ha. c bit vic ko hng ha rt nguy him.

Nng hng qung ng ngn v tm ngng sau khi tip

t
Khi hng ha tip t cn tm ngng trong trng thi dy cp ang nhn c lc ko
cng v tin hnh xc nhn an ton sau tin hnh nng h hng.
(1) Th lng dy cp n v tr c th xc nhn an ton ca hng ha. V dng c
bo v hng ha c treo c th b ri nn khng c th lng dy cp qu nhiu
mt ln.
(2) Xc nhn trng thi thanh ging.
(3) Vt hnh trn s dng ci nm phng chng vic qun li.

Tm ngng trc khi tip

t xc nhn s an ton ca
hng ha ri tin
hnh nng h

Khi qut
v an ton

44

AN TON KHI THC HIN TREO DY hin treo dy

08

Nng h mc, phn loi dng c treo

Nng h mc n v tr d phn loi dng c treo. Khi ny, khng c nng h nu
khng cn thit. Phng php phn loi dng c treo gm c phng php phn loi pha
mc v phng php phn loi pha hng ha, ty theo tnh hung m la chn phng
php an ton v d dng phn loi.
(1) Trng hp phn loi pha mc treo cn hng dn phn loi mc treo ti v tr
thp nht c th.
(2) V dy cp c ng knh ln gy xon dy v rung lc nn cn quan st k xem c
pha no b lc l hay khng ri quyt nh v tr thao tc, khi c trn 3 ngi thc
hin cn thc hin phi hp vi nhau.
(3) Khng c dng cu trc ko dy cp ra.
(4) Trng hp rt dy cp loi to ra bng cu trc do vic rt ra bng tay gp kh khn
chng ta cn pht tn hiu t t v tin hnh mt cch thn trng (C trng hp dy
ko bng lc ko cng t nhin xoay vng khin cho hng ha b lt p).

Khi qut
v an ton

Chng 4_Thc hin treo dy v vic vn hnh an ton

45

Chng

Thc hin treo dy v vic vn hnh an ton

09 Kt thc thao tc, chnh n sp xp

Sau khi chnh l sp xp dy treo th thc hin xem nh hon tt.
(1) Gi tn hiu kt thc cho ngi vn hnh.
(2) Dy cp treo, dng c h tr cn c bo qun ti ni c xc nh.

thc hin cng vic tip theo

chng ta cn bo qun dy
cp treo v dng c h tr ti ni
c xc nh

Khi qut
v an ton

46

AN TON KHI THC HIN TREO DY hin treo dy

Chng

Nhng iu
cn ghi nh
trong chng
ny

1. An ton khi thc hin treo dy

(1) T th ca ngi thc hin treo dy
Mc qun o gn gng, mang theo dng c bo v an ton.
Am hiu r ni dung thc hin v phng php thao tc.
(2) Xc nhn ti trng nh mc v ti trng lm vic
Trc khi tin hnh cng vic cn xc nhn ti trng nh mc v ti trng lm
vic.
(3) Phn on trng lng ca vt nng bng mt v xc nhn v tr trng tm
(4) La chn dng c v dng c h tr treo dy
Xc nhn khi lng, trng tm, hnh dng, v tr nng, dm nng hng ha.
Xem xt vic bo v hng ha kim tra phng php treo dy v la
chn dng c, dng c h tr treo dy ti u.
(5) K thut treo hng ha
Xem xt v tr trng tm khi lng dy cp treo khng b trn.
C gng gi cho hng ha khng b ri do trn, hng ha c gc cnh cn
s dng dng c bo v.
(6) Ch khi treo trn mc cp
Xc nhn tnh nng ca thit b nh mc v kt ni ng theo th t t dy
cp bn trong mc cp.
Gc treo phi nh hn 60o.
(7) Nng qung ng ngn, tm ngng trc khi tip t (Giai on cn ht
sc thn trng)
Xc nhn v tr, t th, hnh ng ca ngi thao tc, xc nhn v sa trng
thi treo dy.
(8) Nng qung ng ngn, tm ngng sau khi tip t
Nu hng ha c treo xung gn ti mt t cn xc nhn li v chnh sa
trng thi treo v an ton ca hng ha c treo.

Chng

Nhng iu
cn ghi nh
trong chng
ny

(9) Di chuyn nng hng

Xc nhn xem c chng ngi no khi di chuyn nng hng khng ri tin
hnh di chuyn.
(10) Nng h hng qung ng ngn, tm ngng sau khi tip t
Xc nhn trng thi thanh ging
Vt hnh trn s dng ci nm phng chng vic qun li.
(11) Nng h mc, phn loi dng c treo
Khng c ko ri rt dy treo bng cu trc.
(12) Kt thc thao tc, chnh l sp xp
Gi tn hiu kt thc ngay cho ngi vn hnh.

Bo qun dy treo, dng c h tr ti ni c xc nh.

Khi qut
v an ton

48

AN TON KHI THC HIN TREO DY hin treo dy

Cu hi luyn tp

1. Thng thng phng php treo dy khng an ton nht trong s cc phng php sau l g?
Treo 1 hng dy
Treo 2 hng dy
Treo 3 hng dy
Treo hnh ch thp (+)
2. iu khng ph hp i vi phng php treo dy hng ha b lch tm l g?
Chiu di ca dy chnh v dy ph khc nhau to cho vt nm ngang
Mc treo nm ngay trn trng tm khi lng
Ch v s khc nhau gia dy bn tri v dy bn phi
V hng ha hon ton khng b xoay khi nng nn chng ta c th an tm thc hin
treo dy.
3. Sau khi o c khi lng bng mt cn thm vo trng lng thc t bao nhiu phn
on tr nn chnh xc hn?
10%
20%
30%
40%
4. Trng hp thc hin treo dy trn mc cp th gc mc cn di bao nhiu ?
Trong phm vi 30o
Trong phm vi 45o
Trong phm vi 60o
Trong phm vi 75o
5. Bn hy gii thch v dng c treo.
6. Bn hy gii thch v dng c h tr treo.
7. Bn hy gii thch v vng ni cp.(Thimble).
8. Bn hy gii thch v kha dy cp (Shackle).
9. Khi nng hng ha bng cn trc cu chy thc hin di chuyn, cao ca hng ha
thuc khong no th tt?
10. Bn hy gii thch v phng php tnh trng lng thp tm v thp trn.
Khi qut
v an ton

Cu hi luyn tp

49

Vic sao chp, ti bn, ct b mt phn hay ton b gio trnh ny

m khng c s ng ca Cng on an ton cng nghip Hn
Quc th c xem nh l xm phm quyn tc gi.

An ton khi thc

hin treo dy
Tc gi:

Cheon Won Woo

(Cng on An ton cng nghip & Y t Hn Quc)
Bin tp:
Phng d liu o to
Ngy pht hnh: Thng 09 nm 2007
Ngy pht hnh li: Thng 10 nm 2011
Ngi pht hnh: Baek Heon Kee
Ni pht hnh:
Cng on An ton cng nghip & Y t Hn
Quc
S 478 Munemiro, Bupyeonggu, TP. Incheon

AN TON KHI THC HIN TREO DY