Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Late 18c
1773
British traders introduce opium to Chinese creates addicts and the notorious
opium dens which added to the widespread corruption and neglect of the Qing
Empire
1793-1804
1805-48
1807
Portugal is invaded by Napoleons armies King John VI flees to Brazil and sets
up the royal court there. Brazil acquires an equal status to Portugal
1807
1808
Napoleon invades Spain and puts his brother, Joseph Bonaparte, to power. This
creates a national crisis in both Spain and its colonies regarding loyalty. Gives
colonies an opportunity to rebel.
1810-25
1810
Creole priest, Miguel Hidalgo who led revolt against Spanish rule. Creoles fear
social disturbance, so they abandon the rebellion. Hidalgo soon captured and
executed. However, his efforts put the revolution in motion.
1811
1814
1816
1820
1821
Napoleon defeated from Portugal King John VI returns to Portugal, but leaves
his son, Pedro I to rule Brazil. Pedro then declared Brazilian independence.
1821
1822
1822
Dom Pedro declares Brazil independent from Portugal, as he feared that Brazil
would lose representation in the Portuguese government. Establishment of
Brazilian monarchy and still nothing done about the issue of slavery.
1823
Monroe Doctrine issued: insisted that Latin America was off-limits to European
aggression; Britain supports this doctrine to prevent Spain from re-colonizing
Latin America and so that they can establish trade relations with Latin America.
1823
All of Spanish America had declared its independence and established republics
(except Mexico)
1824
1831
Rule of Pedro II. REFORMS: made Brazil major exporter of coffee; abolished
slavery (1888)
1838
Central American states that had once been part of Mexico as a unified state,
divided into separate independent nations.
1838
Manchus issue imperial edict forbidding the further sale/use of opium. This
angers the British and causes the first Opium War.
1839-42
First Opium War: Britain vs China, over the opium trade. British win because of
superior weapons and technology.
1839-76
1842
China forced to sign Treaty of Nanjing, which granted Britain rights to expand
trade with China, and gave them special trade privileges (5 ports opened.)
1850-64
Taiping Rebellion: advocate social reform, more rights for women, and land
redistribution; caused by the inability of the Qing to get rid of foreign influence
and defeat in the Opium Wars. Ended by the scholar gentry who saw this as a
threat to their power and Chinese tradition.
1853
Crimean War: Russia vs Ottoman Empire. Britain and France help the Ottomans,
since they fear that if the Ottoman Empire were to fall, Russia would grow much
bigger and more powerful. The Ottoman Empire wins.
1854
1856-60
Second Opium War: China continues to resist the opium trade Chinese lose
and costs the opening of all of China to European trade.
1860s
1861
Czar Alexander II abolishes serfdom, but this doesnt really change much.
Production is about the same, as peasants continue using traditional methods, and
it is difficult for serfs rise from their lots.
1867
1867
1868
1869
1870s
1870s
1870s
1876
1876
1880s
1882
Britain gains control of Egypt shows the increase of European influence in the
Middle Eastern/Muslim area.
1883
1888
1889
1895
Sino-Japanese War: fought over Korea; Japan wins, and grants the Japanese
trading rights in China and control over Korea. Caused by Japans wish for an
empire to acquire resources to run industries.
1898
1898-1901
1901
1904-5
1905
Russian Revolution: a result of Russian losses to both the Crimean and RussoJapanese War. Displayed the peoples unrest for the extremely autocratic tsarist
regime. The revolution was led by the Bolsheviks, with Lenin as the leader.
1905
1910
1911
Fall of the Manchu Qing dynasty and establishment of Chinas first republic under
Sun Yat-sen
1914
The Panama Canal in Latin America opens, thus increasing global trade with the
Americas. Caused through U.S. support for Panamanian independence and
rebellion, and U.S. interest in Central America and the Caribbean area.