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LI NI U......................................................................................................................3
DANH SCH HNH MINH HA......................................................................................9
DANH SCH T VIT TT............................................................................................11
PHN M U.................................................................................................................16
Phn I
TNG QUAN V MNG GSM
Chng I
GII THIU CHUNG V MNG GSM
1.1. Lch s pht trin mng GSM......................................................................................................................2
1.2. Cu trc a l ca mng..............................................................................................................................3
1.2.1. Vng phc v PLMN (Public Land Mobile Network)..................................................................4
1.2.2. Vng phc v MSC.......................................................................................................................4
1.2.3. Vng nh v (LA - Location Area)...............................................................................................5
1.2.4. Cell (T bo hay )........................................................................................................................5
Chng II
H THNG THNG TIN DI NG GSM
2.1. M hnh h thng thng tin di ng GSM...................................................................................................6
2.2. Cc thnh phn chc nng trong h thng...................................................................................................7
2.2.1. Trm di ng (MS - Mobile Station).............................................................................................7
2.2.2. Phn h trm gc (BSS - Base Station Subsystem).......................................................................7
2.2.2.1. Khi BTS (Base Tranceiver Station):.....................................................................................8
2.2.2.2. Khi TRAU (Transcode/Rate Adapter Unit):.........................................................................8
2.2.2.3. Khi BSC (Base Station Controller):.....................................................................................8
2.2.3. Phn h chuyn mch (SS - Switching Subsystem)......................................................................9
2.2.3.1. Trung tm chuyn mch di ng MSC:................................................................................10
Phn II
TI U HA MNG GSM
Chng III
TNH TON MNG DI NG GSM
3.1. L thuyt dung lng v cp dch v....................................................................................................22
3.1.1. Lu lng v knh v tuyn ng trc.....................................................................................22
3.1.2. Cp dch v - GoS (Grade of Service)....................................................................................23
3.1.3. Hiu sut s dng trung k (ng trc).....................................................................................25
3.2. Cc yu t nh hng ti cht lng ph sng..........................................................................................26
3.2.1. Tn hao ng truyn sng v tuyn..........................................................................................26
3.2.1.1. Tnh ton l thuyt................................................................................................................26
3.2.1.2. Cc m hnh chnh lan truyn sng trong thng tin di ng:...............................................29
3.2.2. Vn Fading..............................................................................................................................32
3.2.3. nh hng nhiu C/I v C/A.......................................................................................................32
3.2.3.1. Nhiu ng knh C/I:...........................................................................................................32
3.2.3.2. Nhiu knh ln cn C/A:......................................................................................................34
3.2.3.3. Mt s bin php khc phc.................................................................................................35
3.2.4. Phn tn thi gian........................................................................................................................36
3.2.4.1. Cc trng hp phn tn thi gian.......................................................................................37
3.2.4.2. Mt s gii php khc phc..................................................................................................38
Chng IV
2
THIT K H THNG
4.1. H thng thng tin di ng t bo..............................................................................................................41
4.2. Quy hoch Cell...........................................................................................................................................43
4.2.1. Khi nim t bo (Cell)................................................................................................................43
4.2.2. Kch thc Cell v phng thc ph sng..................................................................................44
4.2.2.1. Kch thc Cell.....................................................................................................................44
4.2.2.2. Phng thc ph sng..........................................................................................................45
4.2.3. Chia Cell (Cells Splitting)............................................................................................................46
4.3. Quy hoch tn s........................................................................................................................................51
4.3.1. Ti s dng li tn s...................................................................................................................52
4.3.2. Cc mu ti s dng tn s..........................................................................................................55
4.3.2.1. Mu ti s dng tn s 3/9:..................................................................................................55
4.3.2.2. Mu ti s dng tn s 4/12:................................................................................................57
4.3.2.3. Mu ti s dng tn s 7/21:................................................................................................58
4.3.3. Thay i quy hoch tn s theo phn b lu lng.....................................................................60
4.3.3.1. Thay i quy hoch tn s....................................................................................................60
4.3.3.2. Quy hoch ph sng khng lin tc.....................................................................................62
4.3.4. Thit k tn s theo phng php MRP (Multiple Reuse Patterns)............................................63
4.3.4.1. Nhy tn _ Frequency Hopping............................................................................................63
4.3.4.2. Phng php a mu s dng li MRP _ Multiple Reuse Patterns......................................66
4.4. Antenna......................................................................................................................................................71
4.4.1. Kiu loi anten:............................................................................................................................71
4.4.2. tng ch anten (Gain of an Antenna)......................................................................................72
4.4.3. Cng sut bc x ng hng tng ng - EIRP....................................................................73
4.4.4. cao v gc nghing (down tilt) ca anten:.............................................................................73
4.5. Chuyn giao cuc gi (Handover).............................................................................................................76
4.5.1. Phn loi Handover......................................................................................................................77
4.5.2. Khi to th tc Handover...........................................................................................................80
4.5.3. Quy trnh chuyn giao cuc gi...................................................................................................80
Chng V
CC CH TIU CHT LNG H THNG
5.1. Khi nim v cht lng dch v QOS......................................................................................................86
5.2. Cc i lng c trng.............................................................................................................................86
5.2.1. T l thit lp cuc gi thnh cng CSSR (Call Setup Successful Rate)....................................86
5.2.2. T l rt cuc gi trung bnh (Average Drop Call Rate - AVDR)...............................................87
5.2.3. T l rt mch trn TCH (TCH Drop Rate - TCDR)...................................................................87
Chng VI
MT S MINH HA CNG TC TI U HA MNG VMS_MOBIFONE
6.1. o kim tra Handover gia hai trm..........................................................................................................98
6.2. Phn tch kt qu o sng pht hin nhiu tn s................................................................................100
6.3. Thc hin m rng TRX nng cao ch tiu cht lng.......................................................................102
KT LUN.......................................................................................................................105
TI LIU THAM KHO...............................................................................................106
PH LC..........................................................................................................................107
Ti u ha mng di ng GSM
Trung tm k thut H Ni
Ti u ha mng di ng GSM
Hnh 4-16 Mu ti s dng li tn s 4/12..........................................................................58
Hnh 4-17 Mu ti s dng tn s 7/21...............................................................................59
Hnh 4-18 Thay i quy hoch tn s.................................................................................61
Hnh 4-19 Ph sng khng lin tc.....................................................................................63
Hnh 4-20 Mt v d v hiu qu ca k thut nhy tn trn phn tp nhiu ca mt mng
li. Kch thc ca mi tn phn nh nhiu tng quan gia cc cell ng knh............64
Hnh 4-21 V d v thit k tn s vi phng php MRP.................................................68
Hnh 4-22 Anten v hng (Omni antenna).......................................................................71
Hnh 4-23 c Sector ha............................................................................................72
Hnh 4-24 Anten v hng c gc nghing bng 0 .......................................................74
Hnh 4-25 th quan h gia gc thng ng v suy hao cng trng...................75
Hnh 4-26 V d v hiu qu ca downtilt.......................................................................75
Hnh 4-27 Intra-cell Handover............................................................................................78
Hnh 4-28 Inter-cell Handover............................................................................................78
Hnh 4-29 Intra-MSC Handover.........................................................................................79
Hnh 4-30 Inter-MSC Handover.........................................................................................79
Hnh 4-31 G 1: Trong lc kt ni, MS vn tip tc o c mc thu v cht lng truyn
dn ca cell phc v v nhng cell xung quanh..................................................................81
Hnh 4-32 Quyt nh chuyn giao_Handover Decision....................................................81
Hnh 4-33 G 1: BSC khai bo thng tin vi MSC...........................................................82
Hnh 4-34 G 2: MSC1 yu cu MSC2 cp Handover Number........................................83
Hnh 4-35 G 2: Cp m HON v knh v tuyn cho MSC1............................................84
Hnh 4-36 G 3: MSC1 chuyn mch kt ni cho MS trn knh lu lng thit lp vi
MSC2...................................................................................................................................84
Hnh 4-37 Kt ni vi BTS c c gii phng.................................................................85
Hnh 6-1 o kim tra Handover t trm Trng nh sang trm i La..........................98
Hnh 6-2 Kt qu o Handover gia hai trm l tt............................................................99
Hnh 6-3 Kt qu o sng ti khu th mi Php Vn...................................................100
Hnh 6-4 Pht hin nhiu tn s........................................................................................101
Hnh 6-5 Cc ch tiu cht lng h thng trc v sau khi m rng TRX ti Hng Lc
(Cell A_Bng tn 1800).....................................................................................................102
Trung tm k thut H Ni
Ti u ha mng di ng GSM
AGCH
ARFCH
Knh tn s tuyt i
Channel
AUC
Authentication Center
AVDR
B
BCCH
BCH
Broadcast Channel
Knh qung b
BER
T l li bt
Bm
TCH ton tc
BS
Base Station
Trm gc
BSC
B iu khin trm gc
BSIC
BSS
Phn h trm gc
BTS
C
C/A
Carrier to Adjacent
CCBR
CCCH
CCDR
CCH
Control Channel
Knh iu khin
Trung tm k thut H Ni
Ti u ha mng di ng GSM
CCS7
CCITT
Cell
Cellular
(t bo)
CI
Cell Identity
C/I
Carrier to Interference
C/R
Carrier to Reflection
CSPDN
Data Network
gi
CSSR
D
DCCH
E
EIR
Equipment Identification
Register
ETSI
European Telecommunications
Standard Institute
Chu u
F
FDMA
Access
FACCH
Fast Associated
Control Channel
FCCH
Trung tm k thut H Ni
Ti u ha mng di ng GSM
G
GMSC
Gateway MSC
Tng i di ng cng
GoS
Grade of Service
Cp phc v
GSM
Communication
H
HLR
B ng k nh v thng tr
HON
Handover Number
S chuyn giao
I
IHOSR
IMSI
International Mobile
Subscriber Identity
quc t
Mng s a dch v
ISDN
Network
L
LA
Location Area
Vng nh v
LAC
M vng nh v
LAI
LAPD
Cc th tc truy cp ng
on D channel
Cc th tc truy cp ng
on Dm channel
TCH bn tc
LAPDm
Lm
Trung tm k thut H Ni
Ti u ha mng di ng GSM
M
MCC
MNC
MS
Mobile station
Trm di ng
MSC
Mobile Service
Tng i di ng
Switching Center
MSIN
Number
MSISDN
S ISDN ca trm di ng
MSRN
MS Roaming Number
N
NMC
NMT
in thoi di ng Bc u
O
OHOSR
OSI
Lin kt h thng m
OSS
Subsystem
OMS
Subsystem
P
PAGCH
PCH
Channel
v nhn tin
Paging Channel
Knh tm gi
Trung tm k thut H Ni
Ti u ha mng di ng GSM
PLMN
PSPDN
Data Network
chuyn mch gi
Network
cng
PSTN
R
RACH
Rx
Receiver
My thu
S
SACCH
Slow Associated
Control Channel
SDCCH
Control Channel
ng mt mnh (c lp)
SIM
SN
Subscriber Number
S thu bao
T
TACH
TCBR
TCDR
TCH
Traffic Channel
Knh lu lng
TDMA
TRAU
B thch ng tc v chuyn m
TRX
Tranceiver
B thu pht
Trung tm k thut H Ni
Ti u ha mng di ng GSM
PHN M U
***
ti c chia thnh hai phn:
Phn I: TNG QUAN V MNG DI NG GSM
Phn II: TI U HA MNG DI NG GSM
Phn I ca ti s cp ti nhng khi nim c bn nht v h thng
thng tin di ng GSM.
Phn II trnh by cc tnh ton mng GSM cng vi cng tc ti u ha h
thng.
Ni dung chnh c trnh by trong cc chng nh sau:
Chng I: Gii thiu v lch s pht trin mng GSM v cu trc a
l ca mng.
Chng II: Trnh by v cc thnh phn chc nng trong h thng.
Chng III: Trnh by cc tnh ton mng GSM v dung lng v cc
yu t nh hng ti cht lng ph sng.
Chng IV: Trnh by nhng quy hoch thit k h thng.
Chng V: Cc ch tiu cht lng h thng, gi tr khuyn ngh v
cc ch tiu cht lng thc t t c ca mng VMS_MobiFone.
Chng VI: Gii thiu mt s cng tc ti u ha ti mng
VMS_MobiFone.
Trung tm k thut H Ni
Chng I
Phn I
TNG QUAN V MNG GSM
Chng I
1. GII THIU CHUNG V MNG GSM
H thng thng tin di ng ton cu (ting Php: Groupe Spcial Mobile
ting Anh: Global System for Mobile Communications; vit tt GSM) l mt cng
ngh dng cho mng thng tin di ng. Dch v GSM c s dng bi hn 2 t
ngi trn 212 quc gia v vng lnh th. Cc mng thng tin di ng GSM cho
php c th roaming vi nhau do nhng my in thoi di ng GSM ca cc
mng GSM khc nhau c th s dng c nhiu ni trn th gii.
GSM l chun ph bin nht cho in thoi di ng (TD) trn th gii.
Kh nng ph sng rng khp ni ca chun GSM lm cho n tr nn ph bin trn
th gii, cho php ngi s dng c th s dng TD ca h nhiu vng trn
th gii. GSM khc vi cc chun tin thn ca n v c tn hiu v tc , cht
lng cuc gi. N c xem nh l mt h thng TD th h th hai (second
generation, 2G). GSM l mt chun m, hin ti n c pht trin bi 3rd
Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).
ng v pha quan im khch hng, li th chnh ca GSM l cht lng
cuc gi tt hn, gi thnh thp v dch v tin nhn. Thun li i vi nh iu
hnh mng l kh nng trin khai thit b t nhiu ngi cung ng. GSM cho php
nh iu hnh mng c th kt hp chuyn vng vi nhau do vy m ngi s dng
c th s dng in thoi ca h khp ni trn th gii.
Trung tm k thut H Ni
Chng I
Chng I
Chng I
Chng I
Trung tm k thut H Ni
Chng I
Chng II
2. H THNG THNG TIN DI NG GSM
2.1. M hnh h thng thng tin di ng GSM
Trung tm k thut H Ni
BTS
: Trm v tuyn gc
MS
: Trm di ng
ISDN
: Mng s lin kt a dch v
PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network):
Mng chuyn mch in thoi cng cng
PSPDN
: Mng chuyn mch gi cng cng
CSPDN (Circuit Switched Public Data Network):
Mng s liu chuyn mch knh cng cng
PLMN
: Mng di ng mt t cng cng
Chng I
2.2.
Trung tm k thut H Ni
Chng I
Trung tm k thut H Ni
Chng I
Trung tm k thut H Ni
Chng I
ng ca thu bao. Chc nng chnh ca SS l qun l thng tin gia nhng ngi
s dng mng GSM vi nhau v vi mng khc.
2.2.3.1. Trung tm chuyn mch di ng MSC:
Tng i di ng MSC (Mobile services Switching Center) thng l mt
tng i ln iu khin v qun l mt s cc b iu khin trm gc BSC. MSC
thc hin cc chc nng chuyn mch chnh, nhim v chnh ca MSC l to kt
ni v x l cuc gi n nhng thu bao ca GSM, mt mt MSC giao tip vi
phn h BSS v mt khc giao tip vi mng ngoi qua tng i cng GMSC
(Gateway MSC).
Chc nng chnh ca tng i MSC:
X l cuc gi (Call Processing)
iu khin chuyn giao (Handover Control)
Qun l di ng (Mobility Management)
Tng tc mng IWF(Interworking Function): qua GMSC
Trung tm k thut H Ni
Chng I
Chng I
Chng I
thu bao ng k nhp mng v c s dng kim tra khi thu bao yu cu
cung cp dch v, trnh vic truy nhp mng mt cch tri php.
Trung tm k thut H Ni
Chng I
2.3.1. Knh vt l
Knh vt l t chc theo quan nim truyn dn. i vi TDMA GSM, knh
vt l l mt khe thi gian mt tn s sng mang v tuyn c ch nh.
GSM 900 nguyn thy
Di tn s: 890 915 MHz cho ng ln uplink (t MS n BTS).
935 960 MHz cho ng xung downlink (t BTS n MS).
Di thng tn ca mt knh vt l l 200KHz. Di tn bo v bin cng
rng 200KHz.
Ful (n) = 890,0 MHz + (0,2 MHz) * n
Fdl (n) = Ful (n) + 45 MHz
Vi 1 n 124
Cc knh t 1 124 c gi l cc knh tn s v tuyn tuyt i ARFCN
(Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number). Knh 0 l di phng v.
Trung tm k thut H Ni
Chng I
Trung tm k thut H Ni
Chng I
Bm hay knh lu lng ton tc (TCH/F), knh ny mang thng tin ting
hay s liu tc 22,8 kbit/s.
Lm hay knh lu lng bn tc (TCH/H), knh ny mang thng tin tc
11,4 kbit/s
b. Knh iu khin CCH (k hiu l Dm): bao gm:
Trung tm k thut H Ni
Chng I
Chng I
MCC
MNC
LAC
Trong :
MCC (Mobile Country Code): m quc gia ca nc c mng GSM.
MNC (Mobile Network Code): m ca mng GSM, do quc gia c
mng GSM qui nh.
LAC (Location Area Code): m khu vc, dng nhn dng khu vc
trong mng GSM.
Cc m s a dch v ton cu (International ISDN Numbers): Cc phn
t ca mng GSM nh MSC, VLR, HLR/AUC, EIR, BSC u c mt m s tng
ng a dch v ton cu. M cc im bo hiu c suy ra t cc m ny c s
dng cho mng bo hiu CCS7 trong mng GSM.
Ring HLR/AUC cn c mt m khc, gm hai thnh phn. Mt phn lin
quan n s thu bao a dch v ton cu - MSISDN (International Mobile
Subscriber ISDN Number) c s dng trong vic thit lp cuc gi t mt mng
khc n MS trong mng. Phn t khc lin quan n m nhn dng thu bao di
ng quc t - IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity) c lu gi trong
AUC.
M nhn dng t bo ton cu CGI: CGI c s dng cc MSC v
BSC truy nhp cc t bo.
CGI = LAI + CI.
CI (Cell Identity) gm 16 bit dng nhn dng cell trong phm vi ca LAI.
CGI c lu gi trong c s d liu ca MSC/VLR.
Trung tm k thut H Ni
Chng I
NDC
SN
Trong :
CC (Country Code): m nc, l ni thu bao ng k nhp mng (Vit Nam
th CC = 84).
NDC (National Destination Code): m mng GSM, dng phn bit cc
mng GSM trong cng mt nc.
SN (Subscriber Number): s thu bao, ti a c 12 s, trong c 3 s
nhn dng HLR.
Nhn dng thu bao di ng ton cu IMSI (International Mobile
Subscriber Identity):
IMSI l m s duy nht cho mi thu bao trong mt vng h thng GSM.
IMSI c ghi trong MS v trong HLR v b mt vi ngi s dng. IMSI c cu
trc nh sau:
Trung tm k thut H Ni
Chng I
MCC
MNC
MSIN
Trong :
MCC (Mobile Country Code): m nc c mng GSM, do CCITT qui nh
nhn dng quc gia m thu bao ang c mt.
MNC (Mobile Network Code): m mng GSM.
MSIN (Mobile Subscriber Identification Number): s nhn dng thu bao di
ng, gm 10 s c dng nhn dng thu bao di ng trong cc vng dch v
ca mng GSM, vi 3 s u tin c dng nhn dng HLR.
MSIN c lu gi c nh trong VLR v trong thu bao MS. MSIN c
VLR s dng khi truy nhp HLR/AUC to lp H khu thng tr cho thu
bao.
Nhn dng thu bao di ng cc b - LMSI (Location Mobile subscriber
Identity):
Gm 4 octet. VLR lu gi v s dng LMSI cho tt c cc thu bao hin
ang c mt ti vng ph sng ca n v chuyn LMSI cng vi IMSI cho HLR.
HLR s dng LMSI mi khi cn chuyn cc mu tin lin quan n thu bao tng
ng cung cp dch v.
Nhn dng thu bao di ng tm thi - TMSI (Temporaly Mobile
subscriber Identity):
TMSI do VLR t to ra trong c s d liu ca n cng vi IMSI sau khi
vic kim tra quyn truy nhp ca thu bao chng t hp l. TMSI c s dng
cng vi LAI a ch ho thu bao trong BSS v truy nhp s liu ca thu bao
trong c s d liu ca VLR.
S vng lai ca thu bao di ng - MSRN (Mobile Station Roaming
Number ):
MSRN do VLR tm thi to ra yu cu ca HLR trc khi thit lp cuc gi
n mt thu bao ang lu ng n mng ca n. Khi cuc gi kt thc th MSRN
Trung tm k thut H Ni
Chng I
FAC
SNR
Trong :
TAC (Type Approval Code): m chng nhn loi thit b, gm 6 k t, dng
phn bit vi cc loi khng c cp bn quyn. TAC c qun l mt cch
tp trung.
FAC (Final Assembly Code): xc nh ni sn xut, gm 2 k t.
SNR (Serial Number): l s Seri, dng xc nh cc my c cng TAC v
FAC.
Trung tm k thut H Ni
Chng III
Phn II
TI U HA MNG GSM
Chng III
3. TNH TON MNG DI NG GSM
3.1. L thuyt dung lng v cp dch v
Trong qu trnh pht trin mng, tng cng dung lng ca mng l mt
nhu cu cp thit. Tuy nhin, cng cn xc nh dung lng cn tng l bao nhiu
ph hp vi tng giai on pht trin ca mng v ph hp vi yu cu v mt
k thut v kinh t hin ti.
Chng III
C *t
3600
Trong :
C : s cuc gi trung bnh trong mt gi ca mt thu bao.
t : thi gian trung bnh cho mt cuc gi.
A : lu lng thng tin trn mt thu bao (tnh bng Erlang).
Theo s liu thng k in hnh th:
C=1
1 * 120
33 mErlang/ngi s dng
3600
Chng III
= Carried Traffic
+ Blocked Traffic
Chng III
4,9823
* 100% = 49,823 %
10
6,7599
* 100 % = 67,599 %.
10
GoS cng tt th hiu sut s dng trung k cng thp, cn phi c nhiu
knh v tuyn cho lu lng mun truyn cho. GoS cng km th vi mt lu
lng cho th ch cn s knh v tuyn l t hn.
Vi cng mt cp phc v, trung k cng ln (s knh dng chung ln) th
hiu qu s dng trung k cng cao.
S knh
Lu lng c truyn
TCH
6
10
15
25
40
(GoS = 2%)
2,2305 Erlang
4,9823 Erlang
8,8300 Erlang
17,155 Erlang
30,377 Erlang
trung k
37 %
49,82 %
58,86 %
68,62 %
75,94 %
Chng III
Chng III
Chng III
2( d 1 d 2 )
d1d 2
Trn thc t cc loi a hnh truyn sng rt phc tp, khng mt cng thc
no c th cp c ht cc loi a hnh ny. V vy, xut hin nhng m
hnh truyn sng nh nhng o c thc t ca cc nh khoa hc. Nhng kt qu t
nhng php o c chuyn thnh nhng th ch ra mi quan h gia cng
trng v khong cch vi mt s bin nh: chiu cao anten, loi a hnh...
Phng php o cng trng:
Nm 1968, Y. Okumura l mt k s ngi Nht Bn a ra rt nhiu s
liu v vic o cng trng tham kho. ng chia a hnh thnh 5 loi chnh
1. Vng hu nh bng phng
2. Vng nhiu i
3. Vng c chm ni c lp
4. Vng c a hnh dc
5. Vng ranh gii gia t v nc (b sng, b bin...)
ng a ra nhng th nghim trn tt c cc loi a hnh trn ti nhng tn
s khc nhau, vi nhng cao anten khc nhau v s dng cc cng sut pht
Chng III
Chng III
hb
hm
Chng III
: tn s hot ng ( MHz )
hb
hm
: cao anten my di ng ( m )
Cm
M hnh SAKAGAMIKUBOL:
y l m hnh c pht trin da trn kt qu ca m hnh Okumura. Kt
qu l c c mt m hnh ng quan tm bi nhng l do sau:
1. N a ra rt nhiu tham s cho mi trng th.
2. N c th p ng c trn phm vi tn s 4502200 MHz.
3. N a ra nhng qui nh hp l i vi nhng cao ca anten trm gc
thp hn nh cc to nh, to ra m hnh hu ch cho ng dng ca Microcell.
Cng thc ca m hnh ny l:
Lp = 100 7,1.logW + 0,023. + 1,4.loghs + 6,1.log<H> [24,37 3,7.
(H/hb)2].loghb + (43,42 3,1.loghb).logd + 20logf + exp[13(logf 3,23)]
Trong :
Lp
my di ng
hs
Chng III
3.2.2. Vn Fading
Fading chun Loga: trm di ng thng hot ng cc mi trng c
nhiu chng ngi vt (cc qu i, to nh...). iu ny dn n hiu ng che
khut (Shaddowing) lm gim cng tn hiu thu, khi thu bao di chuyn cng
thu s thay i.
Fading Rayleigh: Khi mi trng c nhiu chng ngi vt, tn hiu thu
c t nhiu phng khc nhau. iu ny ngha l tn hiu thu l tng ca nhiu
tn hiu ging nhau nhng khc pha v bin .
gim phn no tc hi do Fading gy ra, ngi ta thng tng cng sut
pht ln to ra mt lng d tr Fading, s dng mt s bin php nh: phn
tp anten, nhy tn ...
Chng III
Chng III
Chng III
Chng III
Chng III
Chng III
Trng hp 2:
Chng III
Chng III
4. o lng:
Bin php o lng c a ra trong nhng mi trng khc nhau m
nhng chng ngi vt gy nn phn tn ch nm ngoi vng ellipe c to nn
bi v tr gia BTS v MS v phm vi ca s cn bng (hnh 3.8).
Nng lng sng phn x t l vi R -4 ca khong cch. C ngha l n s
gim rt nhanh khi ra xa chng ngi vt. V li, nu BTS v MS nhn thy c
nhau th tn hiu trc tip s mnh hn rt nhiu so vi tn hiu phn x v tc hi
lm cho cht lng cuc kt ni khng c n nh trong thi gian phn tn thi
gian s rt nh.
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
Chng IV
4. THIT K H THNG
4.1. H thng thng tin di ng t bo
H thng thng tin di ng t bo s dng mt s lng ln cc my pht v
tuyn cng sut thp to nn cc cell hay cn gi l t bo (n v a l c bn
ca h thng thng tin v tuyn). Thay i cng sut my pht nhm thay i kch
thc cell theo phn b mt thu bao, nhu cu thu bao theo tng vng c th.
Khi thu bao di ng di chuyn t cell ny sang cell khc, cuc m thoi ca h s
c gi nguyn lin tc, khng gin on. Tn s s dng cell ny c th c
s dng li cell khc vi khong cch xc nh gia hai cell.
Cu trc h thng thoi di ng trc y
Dch v thoi di ng truyn thng c cu trc ging nh h thng truyn
hnh pht thanh qung b: Mt trm pht sng cng sut mnh t ti mt cao im
c th pht tn hiu trong vng bn knh n 50km.
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
Trn thc t, hnh dng ca cell l khng xc nh. Vic quy hoch vng ph
sng cn quan tm n cc yu t a hnh v mt thu bao, t xc nh s
lng trm gc BTS, kch thc cell v phng thc ph sng thch hp.
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
Cell mi. Tuy cc Cell mi phn bit nhau theo chc nng mng nhng chng vn
ti mt bng c.
Khi , ti mi v tr c (Site) by gi c th phc v c 3 cell mi, nhng
cell ny nh hn v c 3 anten nh hng c t v tr ny, gc gia cc anten
ny l 1200.
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
Bn knh
on
0
1
2
3
14 km
8 km
4 km
2 km
N
7
21
21
21
TCH
Phm vi
S thu
S thu
Hiu qu
mi
bao/ 1 bao/km2
25
499,2km2
999
2,0
8
166,4km2
227
1,4
2
8
41,6 km
227
5,5
2
8
10,4 km
227
21,8
trung k
76%
54%
54%
54%
T bng ta thy, trong ln tch th nht, dung lng b gim (s thu bao
trn 1 km2 gim t 2 xung cn 1,4) l do hiu sut trung k b gim khi s knh
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
4.3.1. Ti s dng li tn s
Mt h thng t ong l da trn vic s dng li tn s. Nguyn l c bn
khi thit k h thng t ong l cc mu s dng li tn s. Theo nh ngha s dng
li tn s l vic s dng cc knh v tuyn cng mt tn s mang ph sng
cho cc vng a l khc nhau. Cc vng ny phi cch nhau mt c ly ln
mi nhiu giao thoa ng knh (c th xy ra) chp nhn c. T s sng mang
trn nhiu C/I ph thuc vo v tr tc thi ca thu bao di ng do a hnh khng
ng nht, s lng v kiu tn x.
Mng mu (Cluster)
Cluster l mt nhm cc cell. Cc knh khng c ti s dng tn s trong
mt cluster.
Nh khai thc mng c giy php s dng mt s c hn cc tn s v
tuyn. Vic quy hoch tn s, ta phi sp xp thch hp cc tn s v tuyn vo mt
mng mu sao cho cc mng mu s dng li tn s m khng b nhiu qu mc.
Hnh 4.12 m t cch ph sng bng mng mu gm 7 cell n gin.
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
3* N
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
C..R = I ..(D-R)
I =
( D R) x
D
= R 1
x
=(
3.N
-1)
C
x
(dB) = 10*lg( 3.N -1)
I
T s C/I (dB)
S cell (N)
3
3,0
9,0
x
3,5
10,5
4,0
12,0
11,7
13,7
15,6
16,6
19,4
22,2
18,7
21,8
24,9
12
21,0
24,5
28,0
21
25,2
29,4
33,6
(i; j nguyn)
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
Theo cng thc ny: di chuyn t cell th nht i i cell theo mt hng, sau
quay i 600 v di chuyn i j cell theo hng ny. Hai cell u v cui ca qu
trnh di chuyn ny la hai cell ng knh.
Phn b t s C/I cn thit h thng c th xc nh s nhm tn s N m
ta c th s dng. Nu ton b s knh quy nh c chia thnh N nhm th mi
nhm s cha ( /N) knh. V tng s knh l c nh nn s nhm tn s N nh
hn s dn n nhiu knh hn mt nhm v mt i trm. V vy, vic gim s
lng cc nhm tn s s cho php mi i trm tng lu lng nh s gim s
lng cc i trm cn thit cho ti lu lng nh trc.
4.3.2. Cc mu ti s dng tn s
K hiu tng qut ca mu s dng li tn s: Mu M /N
Trong : M = tng s sites trong mng mu
N = tng s cells trong mng mu
Ba kiu mu s dng li tn s thng dng l: 3/9, 4/12 v 7/21.
4.3.2.1. Mu ti s dng tn s 3/9:
Mu ti s dng li tn s 3/9 c ngha cc tn s s dng c chia thnh 9
nhm tn s n nh trong 3 v tr trm gc (Site). Mu ny c khong cch gia cc
trm ng knh l D = 5,2R.
Cc tn s mu 3/9 (gi thit c 41 tn s t cc knh 84 n 124 - l s
tn s s dng trong mng GSM900 ca VMS):
n nh tn s
A1 B1
BCCH 84
85
TCH1 93
94
TCH2 102 103
TCH3 111 112
TCH4 120 121
C1
86
95
104
113
A2
87
96
105
114
122
B2
88
97
106
115
123
C2
89
98
107
116
A3
90
99
108
117
124
B3
91
100
109
118
C3
92
101
110
119
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
C1
86
98
110
122
D1
87
99
111
123
A2
88
100
112
124
B2
89
101
113
C2
90
102
114
D2
91
103
115
A3
92
104
116
B3
93
105
117
C3
94
106
118
D3
95
107
119
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
C
A
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
C
ca chng gn bng 0 dB.
A
nh hng ti
C
I
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
tt c cc tn s sn c nh l cc tn s BCCH s dn ti kt qu l danh
sch cell ln cn di hn nh hng xu ti hiu sut handover.
Vic thit k li tn s TCH khng nh hng g ti thit k tn s
BCCH: Nu nhng TRX b sung c thm vo cc cell c sn, vic
thit k tn s BCCH s khng b nh hng g. Hn ch duy nht cn tnh
n l nhiu tn s k bn. Chnh v vy, s l hp l khi gi cng thit k
tn s cho d TRX b sung c thm vo h thng. Nh iu hnh mng do
bit rng nu thit k tn s BCCH tt th n vn gi nguyn c tnh
trng tt, khng ph thuc vo nhng tn s TCH.
Li ch ca vic iu khin cng sut v pht gin on DTX: Ch c
cc tn s TCH c th s dng pht gin on v iu khin cng sut trn
hng xung downlink. Vi mt bng tn BCCH ring bit, li ch y t
vic iu khin cng sut v pht gin on DTX l t c trn hng
xung downlink.
Bc tip theo trong phng php MRP, nhng tn s cn li (TCH) c
phn chia thnh nhng bng tn khc nhau. Nh vy s tn ti mt bng tn BCCH
v vi bng tn TCH. tng chnh l mt vi bng tn TCH c p dng nhng
mu s dng li khc nhau trn nhng b thu pht khc nhau. B thu pht TCH th
nht trong tt c cc cell s s dng cc tn s ca bng tn TCH th nht, bng tn
TCH th hai cho b thu pht th hai, v.v
L do cho vic phn chia nhng tn s TCH thnh cc bng khc nhau l:
Kch c s dng li tn s trung bnh ph thuc vo phn b cc TRX
ca mng li: S phn b TRX quyt nh h s s dng li tn s trung
bnh m c th p dng trong mng. H s s dng li tn s trung bnh c
iu chnh theo s TRX ti a cn thit cho mi cell v s lng cell cn s
TRX nh vy. Theo cch ny th cht lng h thng c th kim sot tt
hn nh iu chnh trong x l thit k tn s.
Khi m rng thm TRX, nh hng ti thit k tn s hin ti s nh
hn: Vic phn chia bng tn TCH s gii hn s lng cc yu cu ca
cng tc thit k tn s khi c thm nhng TRX c b sung. Ch nhng
cell c cng s TRX hoc nhiu hn mi b nh hng nu c thm nhng
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
S TRX /cell
T l cell (%)
MRP groups
H s s dng
2
20%
12 / 8
3
30%
12 / 8 / 6
4
50%
12 / 8 / 6 / 4
12 8
10
2
12 8 6
8,7
3
12 8 6 4
7,5
4
s TB thc t
10
9,0
8,5
(Gii hn trn)
phn tn
Nh
Ln
Rt ln
li tn s TB
S dng li tn
84
113
95
103
93
Cell A
86
88
90
114 115 120
99 107
111
92
94
117
105
91
Cell B
96
98 100
118 119 124
109
87
102
104
121
85
101
Cell C
106 108 110
122 123 116
89
97
112
15
12
9
3
2
41
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
4.4. Antenna
Anten l thit b thc hin vic chuyn i nng lng gia sng c dn
hng (v d trong cp ng trc) v sng trong mi trng khng gian t do, hoc
ngc li. Anten c th c s dng pht hoc thu tn hiu v tuyn.
Trong thng tin di ng, vic s dng anten thch hp s c vai tr rt quan
trng, quyt nh ti cht lng h thng.
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
Trong :
- PEIRP (dBm): cng sut bc x ng hng tng ng;
- Pt (dBm): tng cng sut ca cc my pht;
- L (dB): tng suy hao t cc my pht n anten (v d do combiner,
feeder);
- G (dBi): tng ch cc i ca anten tng ng vi anten ng
hng.
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
ng chuyn cuc gi t knh v tuyn ny sang knh v tuyn khc khi thu bao
di ng di chuyn t cell ny sang cell khc lin k vi n. Trong qu trnh m
thoi, hai thu bao cng chim mt knh thoi. Khi mt thu bao di ng chuyn
ng ra khi vng ph sng ca cell cho trc, tn hiu u thu ca cell ny s
gim. Khi , cell ang s dng s yu cu mt Handover (chuyn giao) n h
thng. H thng s chuyn mch cuc gi n mt cell c tn s vi cng tn
hiu thu mnh hn m khng lm gin on cuc gi hay gi cnh bo n ngi
s dng. Cuc gi s c tip tc m ngi s dng khng nhn thy qu trnh
Handover din ra.
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
Giai on 1:
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
Giai on 2:
MSC1 yu cu mt Handover Number (HON) t MSC2 v thng bo vi
MSC2 thng tin v cell B.
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
Giai on 4:
Gii phng kt ni vi BTS c.
Chng V
Chng V
5. CC CH TIU CHT LNG H THNG
5.1. Khi nim v cht lng dch v QOS
QOS (Quality of Service) c th xem nh l nhng ch tiu nh gi mng
li m bt c mt h thng thng tin di ng no u phi c. Ch tiu cht lng
mng li y phi l nhng tiu ch thc s cht lng chng hn nh ting
ni trong tro, t rt cuc gi v khng b nghn mch. nh gi c cht lng
mng chng ta phi xc nh nhng i lng c trng (key indicators), qua
cho php nhng ci nhn chnh xc v s hot ng ca mng li cng nh cht
lng ca mng.
Chng V
Chng V
Chng V
Chng V
(*)
GOS (0,A) = 1.
Tuy nhin Lu lng yu cu l mt ci g c v khng thc, khng th
cn o ong m c v ngi ta ch c th o c lu lng thc mang bi
cc knh thoi m thi. V vy ngi ta tnh lu lng yu cu A nh sau:
A = C*(1+GOS)
Trong C - lu lng o c trn h thng
Nhng vn li l lm sao tnh c GOS. tnh GOS u tin ngi ta
gi s A= C, da vo cng thc (*) ta c th tnh c GOS 1 no y, v khi :
C1=A/(1+GOS1)
Nu nh C1 va tnh c li nh hn C thc, ngi ta li tng A ln mt
cht chng hn A= C + 0,00001, li tnh theo cch trn v c nh th cho ti khi
Cn tnh c gn vi C thc nht. Khi gi tr tnh c GOSn chnh l gi tr ca
GOS cn tm. Khi tnh c lu lng yu cu A, ta c th d dng xc nh
s knh cn thit bng cch tra bng.
Chng V
Chng V
Chng V
Chng V
5.2.7.5. Thi gian chim mch trung bnh (MHT - Mean Holding Time)
MHT c nh ngha nh l thi gian chim mch trung bnh cho mt ln
chim mch. V n c th c tnh nh sau:
MHT= Tng thi gian chim mch/ Tng s ln chim mch thnh cng.
y cng l mt i lng tt tham kho khi quan st cht lng ca mt
h thng. Trong h thng GSM ca Mobifone gi tr ny trung bnh nm trong
khong 60-70 giy. Tuy nhin gi tr ca MHT cn ph thuc vo mt ca cell
trn mng: mt cell trn mng cng cao th MHT cng nh v ngc li
Nu nh mt lc no gi tr ny tr nn rt cao (v d 200 s chng hn),
iu c ngha l mt s timeslot ca cell b treo hay ni cch khc l n
b chim lin tc mc d khng c cuc gi no ang c thc hin trn n c.
Ngc li trong mt s trng hp ta li thy MHT rt thp (15 s chng hn), khi
nht nh l ta c vn vi cell - hoc gi l cht lng qu km (do nhiu
hoc phn cng) hoc vng ph sng qu hp (do cng sut tt hay hng anten).
STT BSC
Traffic(Erl) Sites Cells TRXs
1
Bo Ho
10,915
29
97 212
2
Gia Lam
4,939
26
74 149
Giap Bat
3
1
11,159
34 104 221
Giap Bat
4
2
5,257
31
79 160
Hai
5
Duong
7,081
26
73 159
Hai
6
Phong 2
9,983
27
85 191
7
haiphong
10,545
23
76 180
8
hanoi4
7,065
76 169 248
9
hanoi6
10,032
38
98 204
HThuc
10 Khang
10,698
27
92 204
11 Lao Cai
937
10
19
34
Nam
12 Dinh
2,652
21
50 107
13 ninhbinh
3,406
32
72 140
Quang
14 Ninh
9,930
28
78 189
15
16
17
18
19
20
Quang
Ninh 2
Soc Son
Thuong
Dinh
Viet Tri
Ha Tinh
Nghe An
ALL
Total:
TCH
TCH SDCCH SDCCH
TCH
Define AVAIL Define AVAIL
Request
1425 1425
1296
1296
1,607,430
980
976
1030
1025.5
612,021
TCH
Success
1,566,461
600,001
SDCCH TCH
CONG CONG
(%)
(%)
0.03
0.95
0.22
0.47
SDCCH
DROP
RATE %
0.16
0.57
Call
Setup
Succ
Rate %
98.46
98.42
Call
Drop
Rate
%
0.66
0.7
HO
OUT HO INC
SUCC SUCC
%
(%)
(%)
DATA
96.41
96.32
100
96.32
96.28
100
1465
1457
1488
1488
1,360,429
1,330,782
0.03
0.87
0.2
98.57
0.6
96.3
96.31
100
1049
1047
1137
1134.8
617,705
598,318
0.13
0.54
1.08
97.72
0.87
93.89
92.34
100
1060
1052
1039
1039
819,208
790,794
0.13
0.75
0.95
97.79
0.97
89.27
90.43
100
1251
1060
1765
1335
1250.9
1060
1745.6
1328.7
1,293,191
1,412,648
847,326
1,183,220
1,255,218
1,374,474
818,137
1,158,903
0.68
0.22
3.7
0.21
0.63
0.95
1.37
0.7
1.01
0.48
1.24
0.25
97.52
98.03
96.4
98.64
1.07
0.8
1.27
0.67
94.07
95.14
94.54
96
94.14
95.19
94.05
96.5
100
100
100
100
1276 1275.9
1222 1222
1539.8 1513.2
1355 1348.4
1374
227
1373.6
227
1236
190
1235.5
190
1,523,563
70,511
1,486,578
62,248
0.22
0.29
0.84
5.76
0.23
0.5
98.46
93.11
0.71
4.65
96.69
75.53
96.48
75.53
100
100
718
920
718
910.4
654
952
654
940.7
353,173
379,068
339,868
372,353
0.07
0.04
0.18
0.16
0.61
0.63
96.86
98.81
1.48
1.17
95.4
92.3
93.99
94.44
100
100
1273
1257.7
1212
1205.5
1,180,893
1,155,450
0.07
0.85
0.71
97.9
0.96
95.97
96.14
100
6,663
2,363
20
19
59
46
121
78
811
484.8
809.5
484.1
734
560.5
732.4
560.5
772,765
293,257
727,816
280,516
0.53
0.31
2.32
0.46
0.84
0.71
94.41
97.12
1.13
1.25
92.28
91.77
91.95
91.89
100
100
8,699
2,613
1,679
3,578
32
41
19
35
91
101
57
105
191
138
121
198
1268
871
919
1,460
1268
850.2
905
1,441
1261
955
527
879
1261
931
511
879
1,132,377
277,858
200,338
429,136
1,104,462
273,367
199,128
423,788
1.37
0.13
0.01
0
0.71
0.21
0
0.14
0.71
0.72
0.2
0.26
97.86
98.42
99.69
99.55
0.87
0.97
0.7
0.84
95.75
96.02
96.38
94.46
95.84
96.12
97.05
94.17
100
100
100
100
0.61
0.78
97.9
0.9
134,415
95
100
Chng V
Thng s
T l rt cuc gi (Drop Call Rate)
T l chuyn giao HO in
T l chuyn giao HO out
T l rt SDCCH
T l nghn TCH
T l nghn SDCCH
T l thit lp cuc gi thnh cng CSSR
Alcatel
4%
90 %
90 %
6%
2%
0,5 %
92 %
Thng s
T l rt cuc gi (Drop Call Rate)
T l chuyn giao HO in
T l chuyn giao HO out
T l rt SDCCH
T l nghn TCH
T l nghn SDCCH
T l thit lp cuc gi thnh cng CSSR
VMS_Center 1
1,2 %
93 %
93 %
1,5 %
1,2 %
0,5 %
96 %
96
in t 3 K47
Chng V
97
in t 3 K47
Chng VI
VMS_MobiFone
Chng VI
6. MT S MINH HA CNG TC TI U
HA MNG VMS_MOBIFONE
6.1. o kim tra Handover gia hai trm
Cng vi cc cng c khc, my TEMS c s dng thng xuyn trong
vic o v kim tra cht lng h thng.
Di y gii thiu vic s dng my TEMS T68i ca Ericsson o kim tra
handover t trm Trng nh sang trm i La.
98
in t 3 K47
Chng VI
VMS_MobiFone
99
in t 3 K47
Chng VI
VMS_MobiFone
100
in t 3 K47
Chng VI
VMS_MobiFone
101
in t 3 K47
Chng VI
VMS_MobiFone
6.3. Thc hin m rng TRX nng cao ch tiu cht lng
Di y trnh by kt qu vic thc hin m rng TRX ti trm Hng Lc
nng cao ch tiu cht lng.
Thi gian gim st v theo di cht lng t ngy 08/03/2007 n ngy
08/04/2007:
Hnh 6-56 Cc ch tiu cht lng h thng trc v sau khi m rng TRX ti
Hng Lc (Cell A_Bng tn 1800)
T biu s liu thng k trn ta nhn thy trc ngy 22/03/07 cc ch
tiu cht lng h thng ti cell Hng Lc A l khng c m bo:
T l thit lp cuc gi thnh cng thp.
T l nghn TCH rt cao.
T l nghn TCH cao dn n s ln chim mch TCH thnh cng thp.
C th ta xem xt s liu thng k cho tng ngy thy r tnh trng ca h
thng trc v sau khi m rng TRX:
102
in t 3 K47
Chng VI
VMS_MobiFone
TCH
AVAIL
Traffic
AVG TCH
SEIZED
TCH
Seizures
HO Call (%)
CALL SETUP
Call Drop TCH congn
SUCC
SDCCH
Congn
03-08
Thursday
12.4
156.58
65.64
16941
57.64
89.62
0.29
10.18
0.13
03-09
Friday
13
176.79
68.25
19384
58.99
89.07
0.26
10.72
0.11
03-10
Saturday
13
170.61
66.33
19813
61.55
90.55
0.18
9.28
03-11
Sunday
13
168.64
66.17
20082
62.64
92.26
0.28
7.39
0.14
03-12
Monday
13
177.3
67.63
19458
58.6
89.2
0.16
10.5
03-13
Tuesday
13
174.24
65.54
19700
58.84
89.92
0.2
9.84
0.15
03-14
Wednesday
13
181.37
69.54
20218
59.38
89.13
0.31
10.59
0.1
03-15
Thursday
13
176.47
67.58
20408
57.73
89.28
0.26
10.4
03-16
Friday
13
176.18
68.08
21039
57.8
90.28
0.22
9.53
03-17
Saturday
13
172.31
66.54
20988
63.77
91.73
0.25
7.98
03-18
Sunday
13
174.18
67.46
21107
65.71
92.72
0.26
6.88
03-19
Monday
13
175.29
67.08
20092
61.71
90.34
0.32
9.26
03-20
Tuesday
12.4
208.32
61.39
23485
66.79
85.78
0.3
14.01
0.12
03-21
Wednesday
15.3
279.63
63.08
32857
74.25
89.33
0.61
10.36
0.89
TCH
AVAIL
Traffic
AVG TCH
SEIZED
TCH
Seizures
HO Call
03-22
Thursday
21
315.2
70.75
36357
74.1
99.17
0.18
0.61
03-23
Friday
21
301.72
71.55
35083
74.41
99.23
0.21
0.65
03-25
Sunday
21
275.64
70.64
34422
73.53
99.33
0.24
0.47
03-26
Monday
21
328.9
71.25
39574
74.08
98.14
0.21
1.64
03-27
Tuesday
21
319.46
69.79
37689
74.67
99.44
0.34
0.45
03-28
Wednesday
21
270.26
102.26
31115
69.59
95.58
0.23
4.31
0.02
03-29
Thursday
21
278.95
102.58
32630
71.05
96.88
0.21
2.97
0.07
03-30
Friday
21
272.18
100.58
31494
68.78
95.6
0.22
4.18
03-31
Saturday
21
298.05
104.33
37004
72.06
98.38
0.22
1.45
04-01
Sunday
21
279.59
104.54
35008
72.27
98.68
0.31
1.16
04-02
Monday
21
275.2
103.46
31861
70.68
96.44
0.27
3.32
0.04
04-03
Tuesday
21
271.4
99.54
31341
72.05
96.76
0.19
3.03
0.08
04-04
Wednesday
21
282.34
100.71
32035
71.92
97.05
0.26
2.82
04-05
Thursday
21
268.45
100.88
30497
71.06
96.6
0.22
3.17
103
CALL SETUP
Call Drop TCH congn
SUCC
SDCCH
Congn
in t 3 K47
Chng VI
VMS_MobiFone
104
in t 3 K47
Ti u ha mng di ng GSM
105
in t 3 K47
Ti u ha mng di ng GSM
PH LC
***
BNG ERLANG B
TCH
40
TCH
1
2
3
4
5
.01010
.15259
.45549
.86942
1.3608
.02041
.22347
.60221
1.0923
1.6571
.03093
.28155
.71513
1.2589
1.8752
.05263
.38132
.89940
1.5246
2.2185
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1.9090
2.5009
3.1276
3.7825
4.4612
2.2759
2.9354
3.6271
4.3447
5.0840
2.5431
3.2497
3.9865
4.7479
5.5294
2.9603
3.7378
4.5430
5.3702
6.2157
3.7548
4.6662
5.5971
6.5464
7.5106
8.1907
9.7998
11.419
13.045
14.677
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
5.1599
5.8760
6.6072
7.3517
8.1080
5.8415
6.6147
7.4015
8.2003
9.0096
6.3280
7.1410
7.9967
8.8035
9.6500
7.0764
7.9501
8.8349
9.7295
10.633
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
13.500
14.522
15.548
16.579
17.613
16.807
18.010
19.216
20.424
21.635
24.541
26.192
27.844
29.498
31.152
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
12.838
13.651
14.470
15.295
16.125
14.036
14.896
15.761
16.631
17.505
14.885
15.778
16.675
17.577
18.483
16.189
17.132
18.080
19.031
19.985
18.651
19.692
20.737
21.784
22.833
22.848
24.046
25.281
26.499
27.720
32.808
34.464
36.121
37.779
39.437
21
22
23
24
25
26
16.959
18.383
19.392
20.943
23.885
28.941
41.096
26
106
5.1086
6.2302
7.3692
8.5217
9.6850
in t 3 K47
Ti u ha mng di ng GSM
27
28
29
30
17.797
18.640
19.487
20.337
19.265
20.150
21.039
21.932
20.305
21.221
22.140
23.062
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
21.191
22.048
22.909
23.772
24.638
22.827
23.725
24.626
25.529
26.455
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
25.507
26.378
27.252
28.129
29.007
27.343
28.254
29.166
30.081
30.997
28.647
29.585
30.526
31.468
32.412
30.657
31.640
32.624
33.609
34.596
34.503
35.572
36.643
37.715
38.787
57.703
59.365
61.028
62.690
64.353
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
29.888
30.771
31.656
32.543
33.432
31.916
32.836
33.758
34.682
35.607
33.357
34.305
35.253
36.203
37.155
35.584
36.574
37.565
38.557
39.550
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
34.322
36.534
38.108
40.545
45.243
53.559
74.333
35.215
36.109
37.004
37.901
37.462
38.392
39.323
40.255
39.062
40.018
40.975
41.933
41.540
42.537
43.534
44.533
46.322
47.404
48.481
49.562
54.796
56.033
57.270
58.508
75.997
77.660
79.324
80.988
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
38.800
39.
1
41.189
42.892
45.533
50.644
59.746
82.652
10
20
40
TCH
21.904
22.867
23.833
24.802
107
41.216
42.448
43.680
44.913
46.147
51
52
TCH
in t 3 K47