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  • Group Effect On Driven Piles

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    Fernando Lopez
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    El efecto en grupo de pilas hincadas

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    Group Effect on Driven Piles

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    El efecto en grupo de pilas hincadas

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    9 vistas8 páginas

    Group Effect On Driven Piles

    Cargado por

    Fernando Lopez
    El efecto en grupo de pilas hincadas

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Descargue como PDF o lea en línea desde Scribd
    Marcar por contenido inapropiado
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    Group EFrEcT ON DRIVEN PILES UNDER LATERAL LOAD By Shailesh R. Gandhi’ and S. Selvam* AgsrRAct: The behavior of pile group under lateral load is studied through laboratory experiments on aluminum pipe piles with outer diameters of 182 mm. Piles were driven in medium to fine sand with 60% relative density in different configurations and were subjected to lateral load under fixed head conditions. Some Of the piles were instrumented with stain gauges to measure bending moments at varying depths, To quantify the effect of pile driving, the behavior of single driven pile is compared with tht of a bored pile. Test data ate analyzed to arrive at the group effect for various spacings. The results are presented in a nondimensional form and a method fer the prediction of field group behavior is illustrated. The predictions are compared with the field results from the literature and are found to be in Favorable agreement. INTRODUCTION Large structures supported on vertical pile groups are often subjected to significant horizontal loads due to wind, earth- ‘quake, waves, eic. Under lateral loads, the behavior ofa group is generally different from that of a single individual pile due to the interaction of neighboring piles, resulting in a reduction of ple group capacity. The reduction depends mainly on pile spacing, rigidity modulus of pile or soil, and the fixity con- dition at the pile top. With increase in spacing, the lateral load capacity of the group increases, but there is a corresponding Increase in the size and cost of the pile cap. Hence, one has to arrive at an optimum spacing between piles. ‘Tests were conducted on groups having two to nine piles in 21 different configurations. The center to center spacing be- {ween piles was varied from four to 12 times the diameter in the direction of load and was maintained constant at three times the diameter in the direction perpendicular to the load. ‘The test results are analyzed and presented in a nondimen- sional form. ‘A method is suggested to predict the load displacement be- havior of a field pile group. This method is illustrated and predictions are compared with the results of a field two-pile group (Agarwal and Prakash’ 1967). The predictions are in favorable agreement with actual results. LITERATURE REVIEW Matlock and Reese (1960) gave a generalized solution for the laterally loaded pile. Basic equations and method of com: putations were given for both elastic and rigid behavior. Soil ‘modulus variation with depth in different forms was consid- ‘ered. For sandy soil, modulus was assumed to vary linearly with depth. Typical solutions were presented in. nondimen- sional form and recommendations were given for theit use in design problems. Prakash (1962) conducted lateral load tests on groups of aluminum pipes, with outer diameters of 12.7 mm, in medium dense sand. The results showed thatthe piles in a group have less resistance than the sum of individual pile capacities if the spacing is less than eight times the diameter in the direction of Toad and/or three times the diameter in the direction per- pendiculr to load. Nondimensional analysis of laboratory data ‘was extended {0 field behavior with comparable results. Tass Prof, Civ Engrs Dope Indian Inst of Technol, Madras 606 (036, Indi *be Proj, Ofer Grade I Indian Inst of Technol, Madras 600 036, India Not. Discussion opon unl January 1, 1998, To extend the closing ‘ate one months sriten requ! mast be ed wit the ASCE Manager ‘of doutels. The manuscript fr thls paper was submited for review and possible publication on May 71996: This paper ie par of the Journal {2f Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, VOL 12, NO. ‘August 1997. CASCE, ISSN 1090-0241/9710008-0702-070978400 + 30 per pope: Paper NO. 13210, Franke (1988) conducted experiments on groups of bored piles. The results showed that a group is subjected to more {isplacement than a single pile for an average single pile load ‘when the spacing in load direction is less than six times the diameter and/or the spacing perpendicular to load direction is less than three times the diameter. Franke (1989) analyzed the applicability of 1-g model tests fon a laterally loaded pile group. The load displacement be- havior of a single pile was approximated as Hoax (BY) sean(8) ° where d = pile diameter: Ha, w= losd and comesponding displacement of the single ples Hy = reference Toad, A constant depending on sale effect and sil and geometrical ondltions; and m = constant depending on power function ‘elationship between load and displacement According to foregoing approximation, by comparing test results of group an the single pile ofthe same ype fn the Same soil and in the same sale, the effet of seale and soil Conditions vanishes, Hence, the results are valid for model as well as prototype texts, ‘Ochao and O'Neill (1989) analyzed Iatrally loaded pile sroupr by #sifness matrix equation and sted the infloence Of ater imeracton between piles. The lateral interaction for pile group of fee or pinhead piles was determined from fl: fcale experiments in submerged sands. Twas shown that the lateral meacton increases with inreasing magnitade of load nd decreases with ineease in spacing between piles. EXPERIMENTAL WORK Test Setup All tests were carried out using the setup shown in Fig. 1 with a 0.7 % 0.7 X 0.6 m deep test tank filled with dry river sand. To have fixity atthe pile top and ensure no rotation of ‘ap, two parallel arms were provided to allow only the lateral displacement. The lateral load was applied to the pile group using dead weights Properties of Sand "The dry river sand used was clean and fine to medium, with the gradation shown in Fig. 2. Typical properties of the sand are Dp = 022 mm, C, 2, =, 2.09, G = 2.68, Youe = 17.30 KN/i, and Yoo For all tesis, the sand was placed with a relative density of (60%. To achieve uniform density, the sand raining technique, ‘withthe pipe and cone device shown in Fig. 3, was used. The sand poured through a hopper was dispersed at the bouom of the pipe by a 60° inverted cone. The density was varied by varying the fre fall of sand particles. A relationship between the height of fre fall and relative density is obtained as shown 1702 JOURNAL OF GEOTECHNICAL AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING / AUGUST 1997 580 ancie 10 100260, 5015 ARMS. INGE® BOTH] |ngio sane —o| ne 1610 FANE P01 Espen ate ‘oof Ea a g” = he 60} 5 § vob 2 E @ 20 o Ce oy a a PARTICLE SIZE (mm) FIG, 2. Gradation Curve of Sand in Fig. 4. The height of free fall corresponding to the relative density of 60% was found to be 265 mm and the same was adopted for all test. Aluminum pipes with outer diameters of 18.2 mm and wall thicknesses of 0.75 mm were used as model pile. Piles were instrumented for measuring bending stress by pasting electri- cal-esistance~type strain gauges. Each gauge had a length of 10 mm, gauge factor of 2.1, and resistance of 120.0, and was ‘pasted with its axis parallel tothe pile axis. Swain gauge wires Were taken inside each pile through a small side hole to avoid

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