PerimeterandAreaUnitNotes

TableofContents:
Topic
MetricConversions:MetricStaircase
Lines,LineSegments,andRays
PolygonNames
ClassifyingTriangles
PropertiesofShapesdefinitionsof
property,perimeter,andarea
Properties,perimeterandareaTriangle
Properties,perimeterandarea
Parallelogram
Properties,perimeterandareaRectangle
Properties,perimeterandareaRhombus
Properties,perimeterandareaSquare
Properties,perimeterandareaTrapezoid
Properties,perimeterandareaCircles

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5
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Page1

MetricConversions:MetricStaircase
TheMetricSystemisaninternationallyagreedupon
decimalsystemofmeasurementintroducedinFrancein
1799.
Scientistsneedauniversalwaytocommunicatedata(SI
Units)
AlmostallothercountriesbuttheUnitedStatesareusing
themetricsystem.

Page2

Prefix
kilo
hecto
deka
base

Meaning
thousand
(1000)
hundred
(100)
ten
(10)
ones

Length
kilometer

Mass
kilogram

Capacity
kiloliter

hectomete hectogram hectoliter

r
dekameter dekagram dekaliter
meter

gram

liter
Page3

unit
deci
centi
milli

(1)
tenths
decimeter decigram deciliter
(0.1)
hundreths centimeter centigram centiliter
(0.01)
thousandth millimeter milligram milliliter
s
(0.001)

HowtoConvertbetweenUnits:
Howmanyspaces?
Thescaleofthemetricstaircaseisabase10sowhen
convertingunits,countthenumberofstepsyouneedto
move,andthenmovethedecimalthatnumberofsteps.
Whichdirection?
Whenyouaremovingupthestaircase,youaredividingby
factorsof10,somovethedecimaltotheleft.Whenyou
aremovingdownthestaircase,youaremultiplyingby
factorsof10,somovethedecimaltotheright.
UseDRULtoremember:DownRightUpLeft

SquaredUnits:
Ifyouareconvertingsquaredunitsforarea,youneedto
rememberthatthestepsareabase100(102),soforeach
stepmoved,youneedtomovethedecimal2places.
CubicUnits:Nottesteduntilgrade9
Page4

Ifyouareconvertingcubicunits(forvolume),youneedto
rememberthatthestepsareabase1000(103),soforeach
stepmoved,youneedtomovethedecimal3places.

Lines,LineSegments,andRays:
ALine:Alineextendsinfinitelyinbothdirections.
ALineSegment:Alinesegmentispartofalinewitha
definitestartingandstoppingpoint.
ARay:Arayextendsinfinitelyinonedirection.Itislike
halfaline.

PolygonNames
Polygon:Apolygonisanenclosedshapemadeupof
straightlines.
Page5

Regularpolygon:Allsidesandanglesareequal
Irregularpolygon:Sidesandanglesarenotequal
Sides
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

Name
Triangle**seebelowforclassificationsoftriangles
Quadrilateral**seetypesinchartbelow.
Pentagon
Hexagon
Septagon/Heptagon
Octagon
Nonagon
Decagon
Hendecagon
Dodecagon

ClassifyingTriangles
BySides:Equilateral,Isosceles,Scalene
ByAngle:Acute,obtuse,right

PropertiesofShapes:
Page6

Property:Anattribute,quality,orcharacteristicofthe
shape.
Perimeter:Thedistancearoundapolygon.Measured
inunits(mm,cm,dm,m,dam,hm,km)
Area:Thesizeofthesurface.Theamountofspace
insidetheboundaryofaflat(2D)objectsuchasa
triangleorcircle.Measuredinsquareunits(mm2,cm2,
dm2,m2,dam2,hm2,km2).

Shape

Properties

Perimeter
Formula

Area
Formula

TRIANGLES
P s

Triangle

Athreesidedpolygon

bh
2

Perimeteris
thesumofall
sides.

OR

P:Perimeter
:sum
s:Sides

A:Area
b:base
h:height

1
A bh
2

*baseand
heightare
perpendicular

Page7

QUADRILATERALS
Parallelogram

P s

A bh

Perimeteris
thesumofall A:area
sides.
b:base
h:height
P:Perimeter
:sum
*baseand
pairsofoppositesidesareequal
s:Sides
heightare
oppositeanglesareequal
perpendicular
diagonalsbisecteachother
P s

Rectangle

allpropertiesofparallelograms
diagonalsareequal
allanglesare90

Perimeteris
thesumofall A:area
sides.
b:base
h:height
P:Perimeter
:sum
*baseand
s:Sides
heightare
perpendicular

P s

Rhombus

A bh

A bh

Perimeteris
thesumofall OR
sides.
d1(d2)
A

allpropertiesofparallelograms
allsidesarecongruent
diagonalsperpendicular(meet
at90)andbisectopposite
angles.

P:Perimeter
:sum
s:Sides

A:Area
b:base
h:height
d:diagonals

Page8

allpropertiesofparallelograms
allpropertiesofrectangles
allpropertiesoftheRhombus
**Thereforeasquareisa
specifictypeofrectangleand
rhombus.

Trapezoid

A bh

P s

Square

Perimeteris
thesumofall A:area
sides.
b:base
h:height
P:Perimeter
:sum
*baseand
s:Sides
heightare
perpendicular

P s

Perimeteris
thesumofall
sides.
P:Perimeter
:sum
s:Sides

h(b1 b2)
2

OR
1
A h(b1 b2)
2

A:Area
b1:base1
b2:base2
h:height

CIRCLES**Nottestedthisyear
Circle

**Circlesare
notpolygons

OR

C d
C 2 r

C:circumference
(perimeterofa
circle)
:pi(3.14159
etc)
d:diameter
r:radius

A r2
A:Area
:pi(3.14159
etc)
r:radius

Page9