Saludos y despedidas en espaol.

Greetings and Farewells in Spanish

Diciendo hola en espaol. Saying Hello in Spanish.

Hola - Hi (informal) (at any time of the day)

Que tengas* buenos das / *buenas tardes /* buenas noches. - Have a good morning / have
a good afternoon / have a good night. (informal) (t-que tengas)
Buenos das. Good morning (formal) Until 12 hours./noon.
Buenas tardes. Good afternoon (formal) Since noon, until 6 pm.
Buenas noches. Buenas noches (formal) Since 6 pm. Until the sun comes up.
Que tenga buenos das ... (formal) (Tenga - Usted.)
Que gusto de verte - Nice to see you. (informal)
Que gusto de verlo/a Nice to see you, Sr, Mr. Miss. Mrs. (formal)
Tanto tiempo sin verte. So long without seeing you. (informal)
Cmo le va? How is it going? (formal)
Cmo te va? - How's it going? (informal)
Encantado - pleased to meet you (m) (formal)
Encantada - pleased to meet you (f) (formal)
Mucho gusto - Nice to meet you (formal)
Qu pasa? - What's up? (informal)
Qu tal? - How are you? (informal)
Qu cuentas? - What's new? (informal)
Cmo est(n) tu/su _____? hermano(s), novia, familia, padre(s), etc How is / are your
____? Brother, siblings, girlfriend, family, father, parents, etc (tu = informal, su = formal)

Diciendo adis en espaol. Saying Goodbye in Spanish.

adis goodbye
hasta luego - see you later
nos vemos - see you
hasta maana - until tomorrow
hasta pronto see you soon
hasta nunca see you never
hasta maana see you tomorrow
hasta la otra semana see you next week
hasta el prximo fin de semana see you next weekend
chao bye
ya me despido - it's time to say goodbye
Me dio mucho gusto conocerlo / a - it was nice to meet you (formal m / f)
Me dio mucho gusto conocerte - it was nice to meet you (informal)
gracias por todo - thanks for everything
que te cuides or cudate - take care
nos divertimos mucho - we had a lot of fun
me la pas bien - I had a good time
que te vaya bien o que tengas un buen da - have a nice day
ya me despido - I've got to say goodbye
PRESENTACIONES Introductions
Hola, me llamo Roberta.
Hi, my name is Roberta.
Cmo se llama usted?
What's your name?
Mi nombre es Isabel.

Cmo se dice ... en espaol?

How do you say ... in Spanish?
Qu significa ... ?
What does ... mean?
Mucho gusto conocerle.

My name is Isabel.
Djame presentarme. Mi nombre es...
Let me introduce myself. My name is....
Djame presentarte a Susana.
Let me introduce you to Susan.
Este es mi amigo (m)...
This is my friend...
Esta es mi amiga (f)...
This is my friend...
Te quiero presentar a una amiga. (f)
I want to introduce you to a friend.
Te quiero presentar a un amigo. (m)
I want to introduce you to a friend.
Ya conociste a mi hermano?
Did you already meet my brother?
Juan, te presento a Maria.
John, this is Mary.
Me llamo Mara.
My name is Maria.
Mucho gusto.
Pleased to meet you.
De dnde es usted?
Where are you from?
Soy de Nueva York.
I'm from New York.
Habla ingls?
Do you speak English?
Hablo un poco de espaol.
I speak a little bit of Spanish.

Artculos y sustantivos.
A
A
el atleta
the athlete
el ajedrecista
The Chess Player
el astronauta
astronaut
el aroma
aroma
el axioma
Axiom
B
B
el baloncesto
basketball
el boricua
the Puerto Rican
C
C
el Canad
Canada
el carisma
charisma
el clima
weather

Pleased to meet you.

sta es mi esposa.
This is my wife.
ste es mi esposo.
This is my husband.
Soy estudiante.
Im a student.
Estoy de vacaciones.
Im here on vacation.
Estoy aqu por asuntos de negocios.
Im here on a business trip.
Estoy con unos amigos.
Im with some friends.
Estoy aqu por dos semanas.
Im here for two weeks.
Welcome to Texas.
Bienvenido/a (m/f) a Arequipa.
Make yourself at home.
Ests en tu casa!
How old are you?
Cuntos aos tienes?
Where are you from?
De dnde vienes?
Where do you live?
En dnde vives?
What is your address?
Cul es tu direccin?
What is your telephone number?
Cul es tu nmero de telfono?
Is this your first visit to Per?
Es este tu primer viaje al Per?

K
el karma
L
el lema
M
el malabarista
la mano
el mapa
la moto
el motociclista
N
la nieve
O

K
karma
L
slogan
M
the juggler
hand
the map
the bike
the motorcyclist
N
snow
Or

el cometa
el cura
el clera
D
el deportista
el da
el diagrama
el dilema
el diploma
la disco
el drama
E
el enigma
el esquema
el estratega
F
el fantasma
la foto
el futbolista
G
el gorila
el guardia
el gua
I
el idioma
el idiota
el israelita

Comet
the cure
cholera
D
sportsman
day
diagram
the dilemma
diploma
disco
drama
E
the enigma
Schedule
strategist
F
the ghost
photo
footballer
G
gorilla
guard
the guide
I
language
the idiot
the Israelite

el osculo
P1
el papa
el pirata
el planeta
P2
el plasma
el poema
el polica
el problema
el programa
el psiquiatra
Q
el quechua
R
la radio

The kiss
P1
Pope
pirate
the planet
P2
plasma
the poem
the police
the problem
the program
the psychiatrist
Q
Quechua
R
radio

S
el sntoma
el sistema
el sof
el soprano

S
the symptom
system
the couch
soprano

el taxista
el telegrama
el tema
el trauma
V
el vietnamita
el veneno

the driver
telegram
the subject
trauma
V
Vietnamese
poison

EXPRESIONES DE CORTESA. EXPRESSIONS OF

COURTESY.
Por favor Please.
Gracias - Thank you.
No hay de qu / De nada - Youre welcome.
Lo siento I am sorry.
Perdn (formal) / Perdone (formal) / Perdoname(informal) / Perdona (informal)
Forgive me.

Con permiso / Permiso Excuse me (when you want to break a way, pass
between people)
Disculpe Excuse me (When you want to ask in a polite way or pass through)
Buena suerte Good luck.
Es un placer / Es un gusto Its a pleasure.
El gusto es mo - The pleasure is mine.
Muchas gracias / Mil gracias Thank you very much.
Te lo ruego, no me agradezcas I beg you, dont thank me.
Despus de usted. After you.

Sustantivos. Spanish Nouns.

In Spanish, gender and number are applied to nouns. Two of the genders in Spanish are
masculine and feminine. Number refers to singular and plural. Nouns are naming words. We
use them to give names to people, objects, thoughts, feelings, substances, etc.
Rebecca - Rebecca
mesa - table
alegra - happiness
oro - gold
In Spanish nouns distinguish between masculine and feminine. Generally if a noun ends in:
-o it is masculine
-a is feminine
ste es mi nio. - This is my child.
In this example the noun "nio" names a boy.
sta es mi nia. - This is my child.
In this example the noun "nia" names a girl.
Spanish nouns also distinguish between singular and plural.
The general rule is to add "-s" to the noun in singular.
una mesa - one table
tres mesas - three tables
If the singular noun ends in "-z" we do its plural end in "-ces".
Tengo un pez. - I have a fish.
Tengo tres peces. - I have three fish.
When the singular noun ends in "-s" and it is formed by only one syllable, we add "-es" to form
the plural. This rule also applies to nouns of more than one syllable ending in "-s" and with the
accent in the last syllable.
No tengo comps. - I do not have a compass.
Yo tengo dos compases. - I have two compasses.

Nouns ending in "-i" with "tilde" or in "-y" do their plural by adding "-es".
el rey - the king
los reyes - the kings
un Israel - an Israeli
dos Israeles - two Israelis

ADJETIVOS
Spanish Adjectives
The principal function of adjectives is to modify or otherwise describe nouns. Therefore, the
number (singular or plural) and the gender (masculine or feminine) of an adjective depends on
the noun involved. As you know, the gender of a noun often has nothing to do with the concept
of male vs. female but is rather the result of centuries of grammatical and spelling conventions.
Example:
la casa bonita - the beautiful house
las casas bonitas - the beautiful houses

Forms
Regular adjectives (four forms: -o, -a, -os, -as).
Most adjectives have both masculine and feminine, singular and plural forms: the masculine
vowel is -o, and the feminine one is -a. An -s is added to either vowel to form the plural.

un libro nuevo - a new book (masculine singular)

dos libros nuevos - two new books (masculine plural)

una mesa nueva - a new table (feminine singular)

dos mesas nuevas - two new tables (feminine plural)

Adjectives with two forms.

These adjectives usually end in an -e, in -ista, or in a consonant in the singular form; they use
the same form for both masculine and feminine forms. To form the plural, add an -s if the
singular ends in an unstressed vowel, or -es if it ends in a consonant or or .

un libro interesante - an interesting book (singular)

dos libros interesantes - two interesting books (plural)

una obra difcil - a difficult work (singular)

dos obras difciles - two difficult works (plural)

Adjectives with special feminine forms.

Adjectives of nationality whose masculine singular form ends in a consonant and adjectives
ending in -dor have feminine forms ending in -a and -as.

un libro espaol* - a Spanish book (masculine singular)

dos libros espaoles - two Spanish books (masculine plural)

una obra espaola - a Spanish work (feminine singular)

dos obras espaolas - two Spanish works (feminine plural)

*Note the distinction between un libro espaol (= a book from Spain) and un libro de espaol
(= a book about the Spanish language).

Forms
Some other adjectives of nationality which end in a consonant include:
alemn (German)
escocs (Scottish)
francs (French)

holands (Dutch)
ingls (English)
portugus (Portuguese)

Note that adjectives ending in -ense do not have special feminine forms: la(s)
estadounidense(s), la(s) canadiense(s).
Adjectives which end in -dor in the masculine singular likewise have feminine forms with -a:
hablador, habladora, habladores, habladoras - talkative
Adjectives with shortened or contracted forms. Several adjectives are somewhat analogous to
the indefinite article un and have a special form used when the adjective precedes a masculine
singular noun:
alguno:
ninguno:
primero:
tercero:
bueno:

algn
ningn
primer
tercer
buen

alguna
algunas
(some, any)
ninguna (ningunos ningunas) (no, none)
primera primeros primeras
(first)
tercera tercero terceras
(third)
buena
buenos
buenas
(good)

Hay algn estudiante aqu que sea buen jugador?

Is there any student here who is a good player?

However, if the adjective occurs anywhere other than immediately before a masculine singular
noun, the long form is used:

No vi hombre alguno all.

I didn't see a single man there.

Es un libro muy bueno.

It's a very good book.

Buena idea!
Good idea!

Note that ninguno is normally used in the singular unless the noun modified is used exclusively
in the plural.

No hay ningn comunista aqu.

There aren't any Communists here.

Special cases:
The word grande is shortened to gran before a singular noun, even a feminine noun:

Es una gran idea.

It's a great idea.

Demonstrative adjectives are used instead of articles to point out nouns in terms of their
physical relationship to the speaker: este/esta/estos/estas (this or these, for things near the
speaker), ese/esa/esos/esas (that or those, for items somewhat further from the speaker, or
close to the person spoken to), and aquel/aquella/aquellos/aquellas (that or those for items in
the distance). NOTE THAT THE MASCULINE SINGULAR FORMS END IN AN -e OR A
CONSONANT, NOT AN -o.

En aquel instante este chico hablaba con esas mujeres.

At that instant this boy was talking with those women.

Note: The demonstratives particularly ese are sometimes placed after the noun for a
pejorative effect.

No me gusta el libro ese.

I don't like that (worthless) book.

Note: Pronouns can be created from these forms. These pronouns are identified by a written
accent mark over the stressed syllable for masculine and feminine forms to distinguish them
from the adjective forms (for example, ste, sta, stos, stas. The neuter forms (esto, eso,
aquello) are not written with accent marks since there is no corresponding adjective to be
confused with .

Qu es eso que tienes en la mano?

What is that you have in your hand?

Aquello que nos dijeron es rdiculo.

That (stuff) they told us is ridiculous.

Possessive adjectives can be divided into two groups: the non-stressed and the stressed
forms.
The non-stressed possessives are only used in front of nouns. The forms are:

mi(s)
tu(s)
su(s)

nuestro(s)
vuestro(s)
su(s)

They must agree in number (and in gender for nuestro and vuestro) with the noun, not the
person or pronoun to which the refer:

mis libros

nuestra madre

Remember that su(s) is ambiguous; su casa = your [usted] house, his house, her house, its
house, your [ustedes] house, their [male and/or female] house.

A mi gato no le gustan tus perros.

My cat doesn't like your dogs.

Sus caballos arruinaron nuestras flores.

Your [formal] / his / her / their horses ruined our flowers.

The stressed possessives are:

mo
tuyo
suyo

nuestro
vuestro
suyo

They used after nouns or by themselves or can be used with articles as pronouns:

sa es la casa ma.
That is my house. [Or: That's the house that belongs to me.]

Esa casa es ma.

That house is mine.

Mi casa es ms grande que la tuya.

My house is larger than yours.

Note that the forms su and suyo are ambiguous and for clarity or emphasis sake may be
replaced by the expressions de usted, de l, de ella, de ustedes, de ellas, and de ellos. For
example:

La casa de l es roja, pero la de ella es blanca.

His house is red, but hers is white.

(Su casa es roja pero la suya es blanca.)

(Virtually meaningless.)

Position of Adjectives

Depending on the type of adjective and the context, it may occur either before or after the noun
it modifies. Most frequently, adjectives follow the noun unless they are limiting adjectives or
used metaphorically or modify a noun which is one-unique.
Limiting adjectives (adjetivos determinativos) are normally are placed in front of the noun.
These include adjectives which indicate quantity [e.g., mucho(s), poco(s), cuanto(s), todo(s),
dos, etc.], articles (el, la, un, una, etc.), unstressed possessives (mi, tu, su, etc.),
demonstratives (este, ese, aquel, etc.), and moral qualifiers (buen, mal, etc. if not preceded by
adverbial modifiers such as muy) and particularly the comparative/ superlative forms such as
mejor, peor):

Pocos mexicanos han ledo mis libros.

Few Mexicans have read my books.

Estos regalos son para los mejores nios.

These gifts are for the best children.

Todas las chicas son alumnas muy buenas.

All the girls are very good students.

Descriptive adjectives (adjetivos calificativos). Adjectives which describe nouns giving

characteristics, for example color and size normally are placed after the noun.

Puedes prestarme tu falda roja?

Can you loan me your red skirt?

El chico alto es mi sobrino.

The tall boy is my nephew.

Los estudiantes brillantes salieron bien en los exmenes.

The brilliant students did well on the tests. (The others didn't do so well.)

It's important to realize that the final (or last or post-) position in Spanish is generally the
position reserved for the element which is the most stressed or most important or most
distinctive; when an adjective occurs in the post-position it has the effect of distinguishing the
noun involved from other such nouns. In the the last sentence given above the phrase
estudiantes brillantes occurs, with brillantes in the post-position. This implies a contrast with
other estudiantes which are not brillantes (and the sentence then implies that the not-sobrilliant students did not do so well on the test). In contrast, if we wish to indicate that ALL the
students were brilliant (and hence all did well on the test), or if we want to characterize the
entire group as being brilliant, we would place the adjective before the noun:

Los brillantes estudiantes salieron bien en los exmenes.

The brilliant students did well on the tests. [That is, (all) the students all of whom
were brilliant did well.]

Note that when a given noun is unique or one-of-a-kind, the post-position in normally required
for adjectives:

Mi esposa hermosa
My beautiful wife: I have more than one wife; I'm referring to the one who is beautiful.

Mi hermosa esposa
My beautiful wife: I only have one wife, and she is beautiful.

Several descriptive adjectives change their meaning depending on whether they are used
before or after the noun:
before

after

antiguo former, exgran, grande great

medio half (a)
nuevo new, different
pobre poor, unfortunate
puro pure (just, merely, all)
viejo old, long-standing
nico only

ancient, old
big, large
average
(brand) new
poor, penniless
pure (clean, uncontaminated)
old (in age), elderly
unique

Examples:
mi antiguo maestro - my former teacher
mi maestro antiguo - my ancient teacher
un gran presidente - a great president
un president grande - a big president (large man)
media botella - half a bottle
una botella media - an average bottle
mi nueva casa - my new house [we just moved into an old house, but it's new or
different for us]
mi casa nueva - my brand-new house
una pobre mujer - an poor (unfortunate) woman
una mujer pobre - a poor (penniless) woman
pura leche - mere (or just) milk [for example, not alcohol]
leche pura - pure ( or uncontaminated) milk
un viejo amigo - an old (long-standing) friend
un amigo viejo - an old (elderly) friend
el nico ejemplo - the only example
un ejemplo nico - a unique example

LOS VERBOS SER Y ESTAR

The Spanish Verbs Ser and Estar
The verb ser is used to indicate an attribute or an inherent quality that is not likely to change.
The verb estar is used to indicate a condition which is likely to change.

Este ro es muy ancho.

This river is very wide.
Hoy el agua del ro est muy caliente.
Today the river's water is very warm.
Ser is often used to express the norm.
Estar expresses a departure from the norm.
Jos es una persona tranquila pero hoy est molesto.
Joe is a calm person but today he is upset.

Present Tense - ser and estar

yo
t
Ud./l/ella
nosotros (as)
vosotros (as)
Uds./ellos/ellas

Ser
soy
eres
es
somos
sois
son

estar
estoy
ests
est
estamos
estis
estn

(I am)
(you are)
(he is)
(we are)
(you are)
(they are)

Footnote: yo = I, t = you (informal), usted (Ud.) = you (formal), l = he, ella = she, nosotros =
we (males/mixed group), nosotras = we (females), vosotros = you guys (informal, males/mixed
group), vosotras = you guys (informal, females), ellos = they (males/mixed group), ellas =
they(females), ustedes (Uds.) = you all (formal)

Uses of the Verb ser. Usos del verbo SER.

Ser is used to signify equivalence or identity between two elements
Alberto es doctor. (Alberto = doctor) - Alberto is a doctor.
Mara es una buena persona. (Mara = buena persona) - Maria is a good person.
Ramn es colombiano. (Ramn = colombiano) - Ramon is Colombian.
Ser is used to indicate origin
Diego es de Per. - Diego is from Peru.
Este tapete es de Mxico. - This rug is from Mexico.
Ser is used to express possession
Esa bicicleta es de Gustavo. - That bike is Gustavo's.
Las llaves son de Julio. - Those keys are Julio's.
Ser is used to talk about time
Son las dos. - It's two.
Es la una y media. - It's one thirty.
Ser is used to talk about dates

Hoy es el cuarto de junio. - Today is the fourth of June.

Es jueves. - It's Thursday.

Uses of the Verb estar

Estar is used to signify the location of an object
La escuela esta al lado del correo. - The school is next to the post office.
Estar is used to express the present progressive
Estoy escribiendo. - I am writing.
Juan est escuchando. - Juan is listening.
Estar is used to indicate a resultant condition: estar + past participle
Estoy cansado. - I am tired.
Estamos despiertos. - We are awake.

EL VERBO EN TIEMPO PRESENTE.

Present Tense

We use the present tense when:

-

the
the
the
the

action is general
action happens habitually
action is happening now
statement is always true

The Infinitive Verb Form

Verbs are action words. There are only three types of verbs in Spanish. We call them:

ar verbs

er verbs

ir verbs

The most basic form of a verb is called an infinitive. We categorize Spanish verbs based on the
last two letters of their infinitive form.
caminar (to walk) --> caminar --> ar verb
correr (to run) --> correr --> er verb
escribir (to write) --> escribir --> ir verb