Matter

Section 3

Key Ideas
Why is getting a haircut an example of a
physical change?
Why is baking bread an example of a chemical
change?
How can mixtures and compounds be broken
down?

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Section 3

Bellringer
1. To make bread, Jordan must do several things
before it is ready to be baked. For each step,
decide whether a physical or a chemical
change occurs, or whether a mixture or compound
is formed. Circle the correct answer.
a. stir flour and dry oatmeal
b. heat the water
c. melt the shortening
d. beat the eggs
e. blend molasses with water
f. bake the bread

mixture formed
physical change
physical change
physical change
mixture formed
physical change

compound formed
chemical change
chemical change
chemical change
compound formed
chemical change

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Section 3

Bellringer, continued
2. Jordan accidentally measures sugar instead of flour
and stirs the dry oatmeal with the sugar. Is a mixture
or a compound created? How can the two ingredients
be separated so that the bread is not ruined?
3. The recipe calls for baking powder and water. When
these two ingredients come into contact with each
other, gas is given off. This helps the bread rise. Is
this an example of a physical change or a chemical
change? Explain your answer.

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Section 3

Physical Changes
Why is getting a haircut an example of a physical
change?
A physical change affects one or more properties of
a substance without changing the identity of the
substance.
physical change: a change of matter from one form to
another without a change in chemical properties

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Section 3

Physical Changes, continued

Physical changes do not change
a substances identity.
Examples of physical
changes: cutting, crushing,
reshaping, changing state

Dissolving is a physical
change.

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Section 3

Chemical Changes
Why is baking bread an example of a chemical
change?
A chemical change happens when one or more
substances are changed into entirely new
substances that have different properties.

chemical change: a change that occurs when one or more

substances change into entirely new substances with different
properties

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Chemical Changes

Section 3

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Section 3

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Section 3

Chemical Changes, continued

Chemical changes happen everywhere.

Examples of chemical changes: burning, rusting, digesting,
decomposing

Chemical changes form new substances.

Chemical changes can be detected.

Signs include: change of color, change of smell, fizzing,
production of heat, production of sound, production of light

Chemical changes cannot be reversed by physical changes.

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Section 3

Visual Concept: Comparing Physical and

Chemical Changes

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Section 3

Breaking Down Mixtures and Compounds

How can mixtures and compounds be broken
down?
Mixtures can be separated by physical changes, but
compounds must be broken down by chemical
changes.

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Section 3

Breaking Down Mixtures and Compounds,

continued

Mixtures can be physically separated.

Examples of separating a mixture:

Separating saltwater into its parts by heating it: When the water
evaporates, the salt remains.
Using a distillation device to heat a mixture whose components
have different boiling points: The component that boils and
evaporates first separates from the mixture.
Using a centrifuge: The mixture spins rapidly until the
components separate.

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Section 3

Breaking Down Mixtures and Compounds,

continued

Some compounds can be broken down through chemical

changes.
Examples of separating a compound:
When mercury(II) oxide is heated, it breaks down into the
elements mercury and oxygen.
When a current is passed through melted table salt, the
elements sodium and chlorine are produced.
When you open a bottle of soda, carbonic acid in the soda
breaks down into carbon dioxide and water.

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Section 3

Is the following a chemical or physical change?

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Melting Ice
Crushing a can
Mixing baking soda and vinegar
A plant Breathing
Cold pack
Cutting paper
Heat pack