Basic Techniques For Network (Compatibility Mode) PDF

HC VIN CNG NGH BU CHNH VIN THNG
Bi ging mn hc
C S K THUT
MNG TRUYN THNG
Ging vin:
Nguyn Thanh Tr
B mn:
Mng Vin thng- Khoa VT1
Hc k/Nm bin son: 1/2014
K THUT MNG TRUYN THNG
NI DUNG
GII THIU CHUNG
LP VT L V LIN KT D LIU
LP MNG
LP GIAO VN
CC LP CAO
PHN TCH V THIT K MNG
BI GING MN: K THUT CHUYN MCH
CHNG 1: GII THIU CHUNG

Cch thc tip cn vn
Cc khi nim v l thuyt c bn
Cc t chc tiu chun
Cc bi ton lin quan
Xu hng pht trin cng ngh mng
3
Ging vin: Th.S Nguyn Thanh Tr Khoa Vin thng 1 Hc vin CNBCVT
BI GING MN: C S K THUT MNG TRUYN THNG

Vin thng (Telecommunication)
Nhu cu trao i tm t, tnh cm, kinh nghim u tranh sinh tn
Communication : Trao i tin tc gia nhng cc i tng c nhu cu bng
cng c no ( la, khi, kn, trng, m hiu.telegraph, telephone)
Tele: Khong cch a l t vi inches n hng vn dm
Mt s dng nng lng in t c s dng biu din d liu v thng
qua phng tin vt l nh cp ng hay cp quang hoc mi trng khng dy
Telecommunication = Communication (lin lc) + Tele (t xa)
T in tiu chun ca IEEE: Vin thng l truyn cc tn hiu qua c li di nh
telegraph, radio, television.
4

Chim phn ch o trong truyn thng (c hc, in)
Nhim v ca vin thng l lm th no truyn thng tin nhanh, chnh xc, cht
lng cao, bo mt tt, v d nhin l p ng nhu cu truyn thng ca con ngi.
5

M hnh mng truyn thng c bn
6

Links (lin kt)
Interfaces
(cc giao din)
Switches/routers
Large router
Ethernet card
Wireless card
Telephone
switch
7

Khi nim mng truyn thng
L mt c cu cc phn t lm vic kt hp cng nhau to
nn mt mng li phc v vic truyn ti thng tin.
L tt c nhng g tnh t pha pht n pha thu gm c
ng lin kt, node chuyn mch, cc thit b trung gian
Di ng, c nh
Mng chuyn mch knh, Mng chuyn mch gi
LAN, MAN, WAN, GAN
Mng in thoi, mng truyn s liu, mng my tnh
8

Loi hnh dch v
c im
Bng thng
Bng
thng
pht
Dch v thoi
Dch v d liu
C nh v thp (di thay i (c th ln ti
64kb/s)
Gb/s)
bng
Khng
Ln (100/1000:1)
Nhy cm vi li
m thoi li nu c li
Khng cho php li
Pht li thng tin
Khng th thc hin c
Thc hin d dng
tr
Thp v n nh
Ln v c th thay i
Kiu kt ni
Kt ni c nh hng
C th l kt ni khng
nh hng
9

Cc loi mng truyn thng
Mng in thoi c nh (u tin)
POTS: plain old telephone system
PSTN: public switched telephone network
GSTN: general switched telephone network
CSN: circuit-switched network
SCN: switched circuit network (c s dng nhiu nht)
Mng thng tin di ng (sau): cung cp tnh nng di ng

PLMN: Public Land Mobile Network (HPLMN, VPLMN)
GSM: Global System for Mobile Communication (Group Special Mobile)
10

VLR
HLR
BTS
BSC
PSTN/ISDN
Gateway
MSC
BTS
MSC
MS
S
BSC
Internet
PDSN
BTS
11

Mng my tnh: L tp hp cc my tnh c lp c kt
ni vi nhau thng qua cc ng truyn vt l v tun
theo cc qui c truyn thng no .
Hai kiu kin trc mng : khch/ch, ngang hng
12

c trng k thut
ng truyn: Hu tuyn hoc v tuyn
K thut chuyn mch: chuyn mch knh, bn tin, gi
Kin trc mng: im im, im a im, a ima im. Cu hnh mng cch kt ni cc my tnh vi
nhau v mt hnh hc (network topology), giao thc mng
tp hp cc qui c truyn thng (network protocol)
H iu hnh mng: qun l ti nguyn, qun l ngi
dng v cc cng vic trn h thng, cung cp cc tin ch
cho vic khai thc (windowNT, unix, novell)
13

Cc loi mng truyn thng (khong cch)
Mng cc b LAN: Nhm cc my tnh v thit b mng kt ni vi
nhau trong mt phm vi a l gii hn. Cung cp cho ngi dng
nhiu li ch.
Mng th MAN: Nhm cc my tnh v thit b mng c kt
ni vi nhau trong gii hn phm vi cp thnh ph. Kt ni cc
mng cc b c cc kiu phn cng v phng tin truyn dn
khc nhau
Mng din rng WAN: Phm vi tri rng khp quc gia thm ch
ton th gii. Kt ni cc LAN v MAN. Cng ngh hot ng 2
tng thp ca OSI.
Mng ton cu GAN: Kt ni cc my tnh v thit b mng c
phm vi tri rng khp cc lc a ca tri t.
14

Cc loi mng truyn thng (kin trc)
Mng hnh sao
Tt c cc trm c kt ni n mt thit b
trung tm
Nhn tn hiu t cc trm v chuyn n trm
ch
iu khin ton b hot ng ca mng
di ng truyn hn ch
Mng xa l
Chia s chung mt bus thng tin xc nh 2

u.
Cng truy nhp chung ng truyn. Cn giao
thc iu khin cp pht quyn truy nhp
Tt c cc trm c ni vi mt trc chnh
qua T-connector hoc thit b thu pht
(Transceiver).
Tc v s lng trm b hn ch
15

Cc loi mng truyn thng (kin trc)
Mng vng ring
Cc trm c ni vo mt ng truyn
vng trn khp kn.
Tn hiu c truyn i trn vng theo mt
chiu duy nht.
Cn giao thc iu khin cp pht quyn truy
nhp.
di ng truyn hn ch (100m)
Mng hnh sao

m rng
Mng hnh cy
Mng hnh li
16

Kt ni lin mng (hn hp)
B nh tuyn v/hoc chuyn

mch
Ngi s dng
APPL
TCP
IP
Tokenring
nh tuyn
IP
Token ring
APPL
TCP
nh tuyn
IP
X.25
F.R
ATM
X.25
F.R
ATM
LAN
ng thu ring
Ngi s dng
Mng ng trc
din rng
IP
Ethernet
Ethernet
LAN
17

Nguyn l hot ng chung ca mng truyn thng
Khi nim giao thc
Giao thc l tp cc th tc, qui nh vic truyn thng tin
qua mng gia 2 thc th.
Tiu chun l nhng lut c ra trn c s c
ng . Tiu chun c pht trin thng qua vic hp tc

gia cc y ban to ra tiu chun, cc din n v cc i
din iu chnh ca chnh quyn
Tp hp cc tng v cc giao thc ca mi tng gi l
chng giao thc
Giao din dch v gia cc tng: tng trn ngi dng
dch v, tng di nh cung cp dch v
18
Ging vin: Th.S Nguyn Thanh Tr Khoa Vin thng 1 Hc vin CBCVT

Khi nim giao thc
Giao thc l tp cc th tc, qui nh vic truyn thng tin
qua mng gia 2 thc th.
Tiu chun l nhng lut c ra trn c s c
ng . Tiu chun c pht trin thng qua vic hp tc

gia cc y ban to ra tiu chun, cc din n v cc i
din iu chnh ca chnh quyn
Tp hp cc tng v cc giao thc ca mi tng gi l
chng giao thc
Giao din gia cc tng
19

ngha ca vic phn lp
Gim phc tp trong thit k v ci t, vn hnh, bo

dng
Thit k d dng hn (cc h thng phc tp c chia
thnh nhiu h thng nh - d qun l)
Hiu qu hn cho vic pht trin, m rng
nh ngha trch nhim ca mi tng gip cho vic chun
ha cc chc nng mi
20

Tiu ch phn lp
S lng cc tng (nhiu, t)
To ranh gii gia cc tng sao cho s tng tc v m
t dch v l ti thiu.
Chia tng: tch bit chc nng v cng ngh.
Cng mt tng c chc nng ging nhau (thit k li t nh
hng n tng khc).
To ranh gii gia cc tng chun ha cc giao din.
Mi tng ch c giao din vi tng k trn v k di.
C th chia mt tng thnh cc tng con khi cn thit.
21

Cc kiu dch v: dch v kt ni c nh hng v khng nh hng
Kt ni c nh hng ging nh dch v in thoi
Qua 3 pha: thit lp kt ni , s dng kt ni v gii phng kt ni.
Cc gi tin nhn c c th t nh pha gi.
Kt ni khng nh hng ging nh h thng bu chnh
Mi bn tin u c gn a ch ch v c nh tuyn n ch
mt cch c lp.
Cc gi tin nhn c c th khng theo th t nh pha pht.
Cc kiu dch v: dch v tin cy v khng tin cy

Dch v tin cy: Mi gi tin gi i pha thu u nhn c.
Dch v khng tin cy: Gi tin gi i c th khng nhn c pha thu
22

Cc kiu dch v
C 4 la chn: kt ni c nh hng tin cy, kt ni khng nh
hng tin cy, kt ni c nh hng khng tin cy, kt ni
khng inh hng khng tin cy.
V d : Gi i 1,2,3,4,5. Thu v 1,2,3,4,5; 1,3,2,5,4; 1,2,4; 3,1,4.
Ti sao tt c khng phi l kt ni c nh hng tin cy?
-
Qu t khi h tr kt ni c nh hng tt c cc lp.
C nhiu ng dng khng cn thit:

Thoi: kt ni c nh hng khng tin cy
Junk mail: kt ni khng nh hng, khng tin cy
23

Bn thnh phn ca mt giao thc
nh ngha khun dng, th t cc bn tin cng nh cc hnh ng
khi truyn v nhn bn tin.
-
C php: Khun dng, th no l mt bn tin c gi tr.
GET /~xyuan/index.html HTTP/1.1\nHOST: diablo.cs.fsu.edu\n\n

-
Ng ngha: N c ngha l g?
Ly file /~xyuan/index.html s dng giao thc http 1.1

-
Hnh ng:
c file /~xyuan/index.html t a, gi n qua socket s dng giao

thc http 1.1 v ng socket li.
-
nh thi: Lin quan n th t bn tin
Bn tin tr li theo sau bn tin yu cu.

24

Nguyn tc trao i thng tin gia cc lp
Mi lp cung cp dch v cho lp cao hn
Thc th phn mm (mt tin trnh) hay
thc th phn cng (chip)
im truy nhp dch v SAP c nh
danh bi a ch
Mt thc th lp N+1 trao i thng tin vi
thc th lp N bng mt IDU (Interface Data
Unit) thng qua SAP
SDU l d liu trao i gia 2 thc th.
Thng tin iu khin giao din h tr cho lp
thp hn (c bao nhiu bit trong SDU)
25

Nguyn tc trao i thng tin gia cc lp
gi i mt SDU lp N s phn
tch n thnh mt s phn.
Thm vo thng tin iu khin
giao thc PCI to thnh mt n v
d liu giao thc PDU
PDU tr thnh SDU ca lp N v
gi xung lp N-1 thng qua SAP
26

M hnh kt ni cc h thng m OSI
ng dng
Mng Ngi s dng
Mi trng mng
Trinh din
Phin
Mi trng OSI
Mi trng h thng thc
Truyn ti
Mng
c tnh
Phn lp
Lin kt d liu
Giao tip lp
Chuyn thc th thng tin
Vt l
27

M hnh
kt ni cc h thng m OSI
Thit b A
Nt trung gian
Thit b B
Nt trung gian
Giao thc ngang hng

Giao thc ngang hng
Giao thc ngang hng
Giao thc ngang hng
ng truyn vt l
28

29

Lp vt l
nh ngha cc c tnh phn cng

M ho v bo hiu
Truyn v nhn d liu
Thit k mng vt l
Lp vt l chu trch nhim chuyn cc bits t node ti

node.
30

iu khin lin kt logic LLC

iu khin truy nhp phng tin MAC
To khung d liu
a ch vt l
Pht hin li v x l
Lp lin kt d liu
Lp lin kt d liu chu trch nhim chuyn cc khung t

node ti node.
31

Lp mng
a ch logic
nh tuyn
ng gi Datagram
Phn on v ti hp gi
Lp mng chu trch nhim pht chuyn cc gi ring bit

t u cui ti u cui
Chn on v sa li
32

Lp truyn ti
a ch mc tin trnh
Ghp v tch d liu
Phn on, ng gi
Thit lp, qun l v ngt kt ni
Lp truyn ti chu trch nhim to v pht chuyn cc

bn tin t mt tin trnh ny ti mt tin trnh khc
Xc nhn v truyn li
iu khin lung
33

Lp phin
Cc giao din lp trnh ng dng API

iu khin phin kt ni
Kim tra v khi to li th tc
34

Lp trnh by
C php v ng ngha ca thng tin

Nn v m ho d liu
Cc c tnh bin dch
35

Lp ng dng
Cc giao thc cn thit cho ngi s dng

Lp tru tng gn vi ngi s dng nht
36

Application
Presentation
Application
Data
Presentation
Session
Session
segments
Transport
Data
Transport
packets
Network
Data Link
Data
Data
Network
frames
Physical
Data Link
Physical
10010111001011010010110101011110101
37

M hnh chng giao thc TCP/IP
TCP/IP tng ng vi OSI
38

39

ng gi d liu trong TCP/IP
40

Cc giai on pht trin mng Internet
Nm 1969 nh du s ra i ca mng ARPANET (Advanced Research
Projects Agency Network) vi 5 node mng.

Nm 1973 pht trin mt h thng chnh thc cc giao thc kt ni lin
mng (TCP V.1)
Ci tn TCP/IP xut hin khi chia TCP thnh TCP v IP ( V.4 1980)
The Internet l mt mng rng ton cu s dng giao thc TCP/IP kt
ni cc mng trn ton th gii.
Thng 1/1984 the Internet mi c khong 1000 host
2010 c 23 triu ngi s dng Internet chim 27% dn s th gii.
D kin n 2015 th 80% hnh tinh c internet
41

Mng Internet ngy nay
42

Xu hng hi t ca cc mng vin thng
Hi t u cui, dch v, cng ngh.
Hi t gia mng thoi v truyn s liu.
Hi t gia mng cc b v din rng.
Hi t gia cc mng c nh v di ng.

43

Tng kt chng:
1.
Khi nim mng truyn thng, cc loi hnh mng v c im tng

ng.
2.
Khi nim giao thc, nguyn tc phn lp cc chc nng truyn thng.
3.
Cc loi hnh dch v: kt ni c nh hng, kt ni khng nh hng.
4.
M hnh tham chiu cc h thng m OSI v c im chc nng ca

tng lp tng ng.
5.
M hnh chng giao thc TCP/IP, chc nng cc lp v mt s giao thc

trn cc lp.
6.
Xu hng hi t mng truyn thng.
44
NI DUNG
GII THIU CHUNG
LP MNG
LP GIAO VN
CC LP CAO
45
CHNG 2: LP VT L V LIN KT D LIU
46

Lp vt l
D liu c bin i thnh tn hiu in t truyn i trn mi trng
47

Lp vt l
- Cung cp mi trng truyn dn
- Tn hiu ng h (ng b v nh thi).
- Cch thc biu din, truyn bit (tn hiu) trn phng tin
truyn dn.
- Cc chun ca lp vt l cung cp cc c tnh v nguyn
tc giao tip c, in, sng ti phng tin truyn thng.
- V d: Card giao tip mng, cng kt ni vt l cho giao
din.
48

Lp vt l
Truyn tn hiu lp vt l
D liu c truyn di dng tn hiu analog hoc s.

-
Truyn tn hiu analog s dng cc sng bin i lin tc theo thi gian
v c s lng gi tr v hn trong mt min.
Truyn tn hiu s s dng cc trng thi ri rc theo thi gian, c mt

lng hu hn cc gi tr ri rc.
49

Lp vt l
50

Lp vt l
51

Lp vt l
Truyn tn hiu
DTE: Thit b u cui d liu. To ra thng tin (tng t, s)

DCE: Thit b kt cui mch d liu. Nhn d liu t DTE theo dng
c to ra chuyn i thnh khun dng tng thch vi knh truyn.
52

Lp vt l
Bng rng vs Bng c s
Lp vt l cng c t vic chim dng bao nhiu mi trng
truyn d liu v c bit n l kiu c s (tn hiu s) hay bng
rng (tn hiu analog).
Tn hiu bng c s: Mt mng s dng ton b cc tn s c th
hoc ton b bng thng truyn tn hiu . V d nh phn ln
cc cng ngh mng LAN (Ethernet)
Tn hiu bng rng: Mt mng ch s dng mt tn s hoc mt
phn bng thng truyn tn hiu (mng v tuyn).
53

Lp vt l
ng b v nh thi
54

Lp vt l
ng b v nh thi
Truyn d b
- C cu nh thi n
- ng h t do bn thu v
bn pht
- Hot ng vi tc bit thp
Truyn ng b
- Cn c s dch chuyn 1
thnh 0 v ngc li trong
dng d liu
- Nn bt 0
55

Lp vt l
Mi trng truyn dn
56

Lp vt l
Mi trng truyn dn (b u ni)
57

Lp vt l
c t lp vt l v cc giao thc
Mc in th.
Khong thi gian thay i in th.
Tc d liu vt l.
Khong ng truyn ti a.
Cc u ni vt l: chn cm, s chn cm, loi b ni v cp ni.
C hng trm chun: RS-232, X.21, V.35, V.34, T1, E1, 10BASE-TX,
100BASE-TX, ISDN, POTS, SONET, DSI, 802.11a/b/g/n
58

Lp vt l
59

Lp vt l
EIA-232
60

Lp vt l
Cc chn d liu
61

Lp vt l
Cc chn iu khin
62

Lp vt l
Cc chn nh thi
63

Lp vt l
Cc chn khc
64

Lp vt l
65

Lp vt l
66

Lp lin kt d liu
Chc nng
To khung d liu truyn trn ng lin kt trc tip gia cc thc th mng
Cung cp mt giao din dch v c nh ngha r vi lp mng;
Kim sot v x l cc li ng truyn;
iu khin lung d liu tng thch c tc ca my pht v my thu.
67

Lp lin kt d liu
Dch v
Dch v phi kt
ni khng bo
nhn
Dch v phi kt
ni c bo
nhn
Dch v hng
kt ni c bo
nhn
68

Lp lin kt d liu
nh khung
Pht hin v sa li trn dng bit nhn c t lp vt l.
Chia dng bit thnh cc khung ri rc v tnh checksum cho
tng khung.
Chia thnh khung theo cc cch:
m k t
S dng cc byte c vi k thut byte stuffing
S dng c bt u v kt thc vi k thut bit stuffing
S dng cc c im m ha lp vt l
69

Lp lin kt d liu
Kim sot li
m bo cc khung n c lp mng ca my thu
ng th t.
Phn hi (positive/negative nhn an ton/cha
nhn).
B nh thi (timer)
Gi li (resend)
Gn s trnh t (sequence)
70

Lp lin kt d liu
iu khin lung
t ra khi tc truyn ca my pht nhanh hn tc
nhn ca my thu dn n my thu qu ti.
Da trn thng tin phn hi (feedback-based flow
control)
Da trn tc (rate-based flow control)
71

Lp lin kt d liu
Cng ngh Ethernet
c pht trin bi Xerox Corp. , DEC & Intel (1970)
S dng cng ngh Multi-Access: mi trng Broadcast c chia s
bi nhiu host, truyn dn ng thi (xung t).
Yu cu giao thc iu khin a truy nhp MAC (lut chia s mi
trng).
Hot ng Layer1 & Layer2 - OSI Model. Lp lin kt d liu chia
thnh 2 phn lp MAC, LLC.
c chun ha bi IEEE : 802.3
72

Lp lin kt d liu
Cng ngh Ethernet

SMTP HTTP
FTP
TCP
Telnet
UDP
DNS
Application layer
Audio Video
RTP
Transport layer
IP
Ethernet
Token
Ring
ATM
X.25
Network layer
PPP
Frame
Relay
HDLC
Data link layer

Mi quan h gia Ethernet v TCP/IP
73

Lp lin kt d liu
Cng ngh Ethernet
C ch a truy nhp pht hin xung t (CSMA/CD carrier sense multiple access collision detection).
Tc c s l 10 Mbps.
100Mbps, 1Gbps, 10Gbps l cc chun sau ny.
74

Lp lin kt d liu
Cng ngh Ethernet CSMA/CD
75

Lp lin kt d liu
Cng ngh Ethernet Cu trc khung
76

Lp lin kt d liu
Cng ngh Ethernet
77

Lp lin kt d liu
Cng ngh Ethernet
Mi trng vt l
10 Base5
10 Base2
10 BaseT
- Cp Thick Co-axial, cu hnh Bus.

- Cp Thin Co-axial cu hnh Bus.
- Cp UTP Cat 3/5, cu hnh sao.
di ti a phn on
10 Base5 - 500 m vi nhiu nht 4 b lp (S dng cu

m rng mng)
10 Base2 - 185 m vi nhiu nht 4 b lp (S dng cu
m rng mng)
10 BaseT - 100 m vi nhiu nht 4 hub (S dng Switch
m rng mng)
78

Lp lin kt d liu Mt s cng ngh lp LKDL khc
Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP):
Giao thc ng gi truyn d liu IP qua cc kt ni im-im
(a ch v qun l a ch IP, ng gi d liu khng ng b v ng
b hng bit, v.v).
Giao thc iu khin lin kt (LCP Link Control Protocol) v mt h
cc giao thc iu khin mng (NCP Network Control Protocols).
79

Kiu truyn ti khng ng b (ATM):
80

Kiu truyn ti khng ng b (ATM):
81

Chuyn mch nhn a giao thc (MPLS):
Lp 2
Lp 2,5
Lp 3
Cc lp cao v ti tin
Gi tr nhn (20) CoS (3) S(1) TTL (8)
82

Chuyn mch nhn a giao thc (MPLS):
83

Tng kt chng 2:
1.
Lp vt l: c t nhng thng tin lin quan n mi trng, tn hiu, b

u ni
2.
Lp lin kt d liu: Chc nng c bn m bo vic truyn thng tin

chnh xc trn tng lin kt (nh khung, kim sot li, iu khin lung)
3.
Cng ngh Ethernet
4.
Mt s cng ngh lp lin kt d liu khc:PPP, ATM, MPLS.
84
NI DUNG
GII THIU CHUNG
LP MNG
LP GIAO VN
CC LP CAO
85
CHNG 3: LP MNG
Chc nng v hot ng ca lp mng
K thut lu v chuyn gi.

Thc thi dch v kt ni khng nh hng.
Thc thi dch v kt ni c nh hng.
K thut virtual circuit v datagram.
86
CHNG 3: LP MNG
K thut lu v chuyn gi
87
CHNG 3: LP MNG
u im ca chuyn mch knh
Bng thng m bo (Guaranteed bandwidth)

Hiu nng truyn thng c th bit trc v m bo
Ti nguyn dnh ring cho 1 cuc gi c th l c nh
Truyn n gin v tin cy, ng th t

Chuyn tip n gin
Chuyn tip da trn khe thi gian hoc tn s
Khng cn tiu (header)
Khng tn dng c knh truyn: Thi gian ri

trong thi gian gi kh nhiu
Hai u cui bt buc phi hot ng cng tc
88
CHNG 3: LP MNG
u im ca chuyn mch gi
Bng thng linh hot

Hiu qu ng truyn cao
Mi kt ni (node-to-node) c th gi c nhiu gi
trn n
Cc gi c m (xp hng) v chuyn cng nhanh
cng tt
Cc gi vn c gi vo mng cho d mng bn
(song tc c th b gim)
C th s dng c ch u tin
C hai kiu gi gi: Mch o v d liu (lc
d liu)
89
CHNG 3: LP MNG
Chuyn mch Datagram
Cc gi tin c i x c lp vi nhau trn mng.

Mi gi tin c gi l datagram.
90
CHNG 3: LP MNG
Chuyn mch Datagram
91
CHNG 3: LP MNG
Chuyn mch knh o
PVC (leased-line) v SVC (dial-up)

Thit lp cuc gi
92
CHNG 3: LP MNG
Chuyn mch knh o
93
CHNG 3: LP MNG
Chuyn mch knh o
94
CHNG 3: LP MNG
95
CHNG 3: LP MNG
So snh
Datagram
Virtual circuit
Thit lp knh
Khng cn thit
Yu cu
nh a ch
a ch ngun, ch
Ch s VC
Thng tin trng

thi
Khng lu thng tin trng thi

ca cc kt ni
Mi VC yu cu mt khng
gian bng nh tuyn cho mi
kt ni.
nh tuyn
Mi gi tin c nh tuyn c
lp
ng i c la chn khi
THIT LP vc.
nh hng khi
router li
Khng nh hng
Thc hin thit lp li VC
Cht lng dch v Kh thc hin
D nu c ti nguyn dnh
cho mi VC
iu khin nghn
D nu c ti nguyn dnh
cho mi VC
Kh thc hin
96
CHNG 3: LP MNG
nh tuyn
nh tuyn l mt tin trnh la chn con ng cho thc th thng tin chuyn
qua mng. N c xem nh l kh nng ca mt node trong vn la chn
ng dn cho thng tin qua mng.
(i) Quyt nh chn ng theo nhng tiu chun ti u no .
(ii) Cp nht thng tin nh tuyn, tc l thng tin dng cho chc nng (i)
1. S phn tn ca cc chc nng chn ng trn cc nt ca mng.

2. S thch nghi vi trng thi hin hnh ca mng.
3. Cc tiu chun ti u nh tuyn.
97
CHNG 3: LP MNG
nh tuyn
20.0.0.5
Mng
10.0.0.0
30.0.0.6
Mng
20.0.0.0
40.0.0.7
Mng
30.0.0.0
20.0.0.6
10.0.0.5
Mng
40.0.0.0
30.0.0.7
Bng nh tuyn ti R
Ti cc net trn lin mng
nh tuyn ti a ch ny
20.0.0.0
Truyn trc tip
30.0.0.0
Truyn trc tip
10.0.0.0
20.0.0.5
40.0.0.0
30.0.0.7
98
CHNG 3: LP MNG
nh tuyn
30.0.0.7
Mng
10.0.0.0
Q
10.0.0.3
50.0.0.6
Mng
30.0.0.0
60.0.0.7
Mng
50.0.0.0
30.0.0.8
Mng
60.0.0.0
50.0.0.7
Bng nh tuyn ti S
Ti cc net trn lin mng
nh tuyn ti a ch ny
10.0.0.0
30.0.0.0
50.0.0.0
60.0.0.0
99
CHNG 3: LP MNG
Tham s nh tuyn
Reliability
Internetwork Delay
Bandwidth
Load
Hopcount
Cost
Routing Metric
Distance vector and link state find paths that minimize a metric
Static metric - does not depend on the network state; for example:
number of hops
link capacity and static delay
cost
Dynamic metric- depend on the network state
link load
current delay
see end of section
100
CHNG 3: LP MNG
nh tuyn tnh
Trong phng php nh tuyn tnh, thng tin trong cc

bng nh tuyn c ngi qun tr mng to lp trc
tip.
Khi s dng nh tuyn tnh, khng cn tn bng thng
cho qu trnh trao i thng tin nh tuyn.
Khng thch ng vi s thay i cu trc ca mng.

Cc tuyn tnh c ngi qun tr cp nht v qun l
nhn cng. Trong trng hp topo mng thay i, ngi
qun tr phi cp nht li tuyn tnh mt cch th cng.
101
CHNG 3: LP MNG
nh tuyn ng
Sau khi ngi qun tr nhp cc lnh cu hnh

khi to nh tuyn ng, thng tin v tuyn s c
cp nht t ng mi khi nhn c mt thng tin
mi t lin mng.
Cc thay i v tp mng c trao i gia cc
router.
102
CHNG 3: LP MNG
nh tuyn ng
nh tuyn ng hot ng khi mng c s thay i trng

thi:
C s c hoc khi phc sau s c
Cc giao thc nh tuyn ng cng c th chuyn lu
lng t cng mt phin lm vic qua nhiu ng i
khc nhau trong mng c hiu sut cao hn - chia s
ti (load sharing)
S thnh cng ca nh tuyn ng ph thuc vo hai chc
nng c bn ca router:
1. Duy tr bng nh tuyn
2. Chia s tri thc cho cc router khc di dng cc thng tin
cp nht nh tuyn.
nh tuyn ng da vo cc giao thc nh tuyn chia

s tri thc gia cc router.
103
CHNG 3: LP MNG
nh tuyn ng
Trong phng php nh tuyn ng, mt giao thc
nh tuyn c kch hot trong mi trng lin
mng.
Cc b nh tuyn s t ng trao i, cp nht thng
tin nh tuyn mt cch t ng.
Da trn cc thng tin nh tuyn thu thp c, cc
b nh tuyn s t ng xy dng cc thc th trong
bng nh tuyn
Vic s dng nh tuyn ng cho php cc b nh
tuyn thch ng vi vic thay i cu trc mng.
104
CHNG 3: LP MNG
nh tuyn
Yu cu i vi k thut nh tuyn
Chnh xc
n gin.
p ng s t bin (li)
n nh.
Cng bng.
Ti u (hiu qu)
105
CHNG 3: LP MNG
nh tuyn
Cc yu t c bn ca k thut nh tuyn
Tiu chun (s node, gi, tr, tc )

Thi im x l (gi, phin)
im x l (mi node, node trung tm, node ch gi)
im cung cp thng tin mng (khng c, ni ht,
node k tip, node dc theo tuyn, tt c cc node).
Thi gian cp nht thng tin (lin tc, nh k, khi c
thay i)
106
CHNG 3: LP MNG
Thut ton nh tuyn
Thut ton nh tuyn tnh ton ng i ngn nht trn
thng tin thu nhn c.
Thut ton xc nh u l thng tin tt nht lu trong
bng nh tuyn.
Mi thut ton nh tuyn xc nh thng tin tt nht theo
cch ca ring n.
Thut ton to ra mt s (metric, cost) cho mi ng i
qua mng (nh-ti u).
Cc metric c th c tnh ton da trn mt c
tnh n l hoc kt hp nhiu c tnh.
107
vi ij.
CHNG 3: LP MNG
Cc thut ton tm ng ngn nht
1. Thut ton Bellman-Ford
Tnh ton ng i ngn nht gia hai node trong mng.
dij : trng s (gi) lin kt gia node i v node j.
Dij :gi ti thiu gia node i v node j.
Dij min{Dik dkj }
108
CHNG 3: LP MNG
1. Thut ton Bellman-Ford
109
CHNG 3: LP MNG
Thut ton Bellman-Ford v nh tuyn vector khong cch
D ij( h 1) m in d ik D kj
k i
Tnh ton ng i t node 1 ti node 6 qua hai hng xm 2 v 4.

110
CHNG 3: LP MNG
2. Thut ton Dijikstra
111
CHNG 3: LP MNG
112
CHNG 3: LP MNG
113
CHNG 3: LP MNG
Bi tp
Cho mt mng chuyn mch gi nh hnh
v:
- Dng thut ton Bellman-Ford tnh ton
ng i ngn nht t node 2 ti tt c cc
3
2
node cn li. Ga s lin kt t node 2 n

node 4 li, tnh ton li ng i t node 2
5
6
ti tt c cc node cn li
- Dng thut ton Dijkstra tm ng i
ngn nht t nt 6 ti tt c cc nt cn li.

Tip theo l gi s lin kt t nt 3 n nt 6
li. Tnh ton li ng i t nt 6 ti cc

nt cn li
114
CHNG 3: LP MNG
Giao thc nh tuyn
Giao thc nh tuyn : cung
cp c ch chia s thng tin
nh tuyn . Cp nht v duy tr
bng nh tuyn .
H t tr: Tp hp cc mng
c cng chnh sch nh tuyn ,
chu s qun l chung ca mt
t chc (nh tuyn trong min,
lin min)
Hi t mng: Ci nhn nht qun, chnh xc v topo mng mi
115
CHNG 3: LP MNG
Giao thc nh tuyn
Vai tr ca giao thc nh tuyn xut hin vi mi trng phn tn
Giao thc nh tuyn (Routing Protocol) nh ngha mt tp lut m b nh
tuyn s dng khi lin lc vi cc b nh tuyn hng xm nhn cc
thng tin nh tuyn (c th kt hp tnh ton ng i ti u):
- Cch gi cp nht thng tin nh tuyn (in-band, out-of-band).
- Thng tin no cha trong cc cp nht.
- Khi no th gi cp nht (Push nh k, Pull yu cu).
- B nh tuyn no nhn cp nht.
Mi quan h cht ch gia thut ton tm ng ngn nht v giao thc
nh tuyn.
116
CHNG 3: LP MNG
Giao thc nh tuyn
117
CHNG 3: LP MNG
Giao thc nh tuyn
Giao thc nh tuyn vect khong cch (Distance Vecto Routing
Protocol)
Trong giao thc ny mi node cn duy tr mt vecto (bng) v khong
cch ti cc node cn li trn mng.
Mt node cn bit khong cch (gi) ca cc node hng xm vi mnh ti
mt node ch.
Mt node c nhiu hng xm ti ch v n c th so snh, xc nh
tuyn ng ngn nht.
Thng tin cn trao i l gi khong cch t mi node hng xm ti cc
ch nn c th so snh v xc nh ng i ti tt c cc node ch.
Mi node ch trao i thng tin vi hng xm ca mnh v theo chu k
(30 giy).
Thng s dng thut ton Bellman-Ford.
Cc giao thc ni min: RIP, IGRP, EIGRP
118
CHNG 3: LP MNG
Giao thc nh tuyn
Giao thc nh tuyn vect khong cch
Khi to c s d liu (bng) trong nh tuyn vecto khong cch

119
CHNG 3: LP MNG
Giao thc nh tuyn
Mi node chia s bng nh tuyn ca mnh vi cc node hng xm theo chu

k v khi c s thay i
120
CHNG 3: LP MNG
Giao thc nh tuyn
Cc bng nh tuyn vect khong cch. Khi khng c s thay i, cc

node c ci nhn thng nht v mng (hi t)
121
CHNG 3: LP MNG
Giao thc nh tuyn
Giao thc nh tuyn trng thi lin kt (Link State Routing Protocol)
Trong nh tuyn trng thi lin kt mi node trong min s

c thng tin v topology ca ton min v node dng
thut ton Dijkstra tnh ton bng nh tuyn.
Node s lu tr thng tin gi ca lin kt v trng thi hot
ng hay li, to thnh c s d liu trng thi lin kt (tn
ca giao thc).
m bo hi t mng
Giao thc OSPF
122
CHNG 3: LP MNG
Giao thc nh tuyn
p ng mt cch nhanh chng vi s thay i ca mng.

Yu cu cp nht thng tin khi c s thay i mng.
Gi thng tin cp nht theo nh k c gi l lm ti trng
thi lin kt.
S dng c ch Hello xc nh vic lin kt c vi hng
xm.
Mi b nh tuyn s theo di trng thi hoc tnh trng ca b
nh tuyn hng xm kt ni trc tip bng vic gi bn tin hello.
Mi b nh tuyn duy tr c s theo di tt c cc node trn

mng nh vic cc qung b trng thi lin kt link-state
advertisements (LSAs).
123
CHNG 3: LP MNG
Giao thc nh tuyn
124
CHNG 3: LP MNG
Giao thc nh tuyn
Thng tin trng thi lin kt

125
CHNG 3: LP MNG
Giao thc nh tuyn
Nhn cc
LSA
C s d
liu trng
thi lin kt
Thut ton
Dijkstra
Bng
nh tuyn IP
LSA c trn lt ra
cc giao din khc
Hot ngca giao thc trng thi lin kt

126
CHNG 3: LP MNG
Giao thc nh tuyn
Giao thc nh tuyn trng thi lin kt
127
CHNG 3: LP MNG
Giao thc nh tuyn
Giao thc trng thi lin kt v Vect khong cch
D-V: Nhn nhn topo mng trn quan im ca node hng xm
(thng tin ni b).
L-S: C c ci nhn tng quan v ton b mng.
D-V: Thm vo cc vecto khong cch t b nh tuyn ny ti b
nh tuyn khc.
L-S: Tnh ton ng i ngn nht ti tt cc cc b nh tuyn cn
li.
D-V: Cp nht theo chu k , hi t chm.
L-S: Cp nht li khi c s kin , hi t nhanh hn.
D-V: Gi bng nh tuyn ca mnh ti cc b nh tuyn hng xm.
L-S: Gi cc cp nht trng thi lin kt ti tt c cc node khc.
128
CHNG 3: LP MNG
Giao thc nh tuyn
Nguyn tc: Thng bo theo chu k thng tin ng i trong

bng nh tuyn.
u im:
n gin D cu hnh.
Nhc im
Bng nh tuyn ln.
Tiu cho ti mng cao
Kch thc hn ch, ti a 15 hop.
Thi gian hi t di.
129
CHNG 3: LP MNG
Giao thc nh tuyn
Nguyn tc: Trao i thng tin trng thi lin kt (LSAs)

LSA c qung b ti thi im bt u v khi c s thay i
topo lin mng.
u im
Cc bng nh tuyn nh hn.
Tiu mng t.
C kh nng m rng kch thc mng.
Thi gian hi t mng ngn.
Nhc im
Phc tp
Cu hnh kh hn.
130
CHNG 3: LP MNG
Giao thc nh tuyn
nh tuyn phn cp (Hierarchical Routing)
Khi mng m rng th cc bng nh tuyn cng s m
rng. Khi kch thc bng nh tuyn, thi gian x l
v bng thng cho vic gi bo co trng thi cng gia
tng. Ti mt ngng nht nh th s khng cn ph
hp cho vic mi router phi c tt c thng tin v cc
router khc trong bng nh tuyn ca mnh.
V vy, nh tuyn cn phi phn cp, cng ging nh
mng in thoi c nh.
Khi s dng nh tuyn phn cp, cc router c phn
vo cc min (region)
131
CHNG 3: LP MNG
Giao thc nh tuyn
nh tuyn phn cp (Hierarchical Routing)
132
CHNG 3: LP MNG
Cc giao thc lp mng trong Internet
Giao thc IP
Giao thc ICMP
Giao thc ARP v RARP
Giao thc nh tuyn RIP
Giao thc nh tuyn OSPF
Giao thc nh tuyn BGP
133
CHNG 3: LP MNG
Giao thc IP
IP DATAGRAM
134
CHNG 3: LP MNG
a ch trong mng
a ch vt l
a ch logic
a ch cng
135
CHNG 3: LP MNG
a ch trong mng
Hai node kt ni vi nhau bi mt lin kt.

Lp lin kt d liu trong khung c a ch vt l v ch cn a ch vt l,
cn li l cc thng tin tng ng vi lp ny
a ch vt l ch mang tnh cht ni b
07:01:02:01:2C:4B
Mt a ch vt l 6-byte (12 hexadecimal digits)
136
CHNG 3: LP MNG
a ch trong mng
132.24.75.9
Mt a ch internet di dng thp
phn
Truyn d liu t mng LAN ny
sang LAN khc nn cn a ch ph
qut truyn qua bin gii LAN (a
ch mng, a ch logic)
Mt gi tin ti lp mng c a ch
logic (A,P)
a ch ny khng thay i khi i
mng ny sang mng khc.
a ch vt l thay i
137
CHNG 3: LP MNG
a ch trong mng
Trao i thng tin lp truyn ti

Kch thc d liu ln, chia thnh 2 gi tin m mi gi u mang a ch cng (j, k)
Xung lp di c gn thm a ch mng (A,P), a ch vt l
a ch cng 16 bit c th hin bi mt s thp phn (753)
138
CHNG 3: LP MNG
a ch trong mng
a ch phn lp (classfull)
a ch IP l mt a ch 32 bit
a ch IP l thng nht
Khng gian a ch l 232 hoc 4.294.967.296 a ch
139
CHNG 3: LP MNG
Phn lp a ch
a ch trong mng
Lp A 0 Network ID
Lp B 10
Host ID
Network ID
Lp C 110
Host ID
Network ID
Host ID
Lp D 1110
a ch Multicast
Lp E 1111
D phng cho tng lai
16
24
140
CHNG 3: LP MNG
a ch trong mng
Mt n
Mt a ch IP
MT N MNG
a ch mng
a ch mng l a ch u tin, c tm thy bng cch nhn mt n mng vi bt

k mt a ch no trong mng. N s gi li phn netid v thit lp phn hostid v 0
141
CHNG 3: LP MNG
a ch trong mng
a ch mng
142
CHNG 3: LP MNG
a ch trong mng
Mng con (subnet)
a ch IP gm 2 phn: NetID v HostID (a ch phn cp).

Mun ti c mt trm trong lin mng phi dng netid ti
c mng sau dng hostid ti c trm trong mng
Khng th t chc mng thnh nhm (mt mng vi rt nhiu
my tnh)
Mng c chia thnh cc mng nh hn gi l mng con
(subnet)
M rng phn netid (tc l thm phn subnetid) bng cch
mn cc bit ca phn hostid
Mn m bit vi 2 m n-2 (n l s bit ca hostid)
143
CHNG 3: LP MNG
a ch trong mng
Mng phn cp 2 mc (khng phn mng)
144
CHNG 3: LP MNG
a ch trong mng
Mng phn cp 3 mc ( phn mng)
145
CHNG 3: LP MNG
a ch trong mng
Mt n mng con
Tng thch vi kin trc vt l ca mng.

n i vi mng cng cng
Khng cn thm a ch mi
Khng lu h s c th trong bng nh tuyn.
146
CHNG 3: LP MNG
a ch trong mng
So snh gia mng con v siu mng
147
CHNG 3: LP MNG
a ch trong mng
a ch khng phn lp
CIDR (classless inter-domain routing) l mt lc a ch

mi thay th cch phn chia kiu c (lp A,B,C,D,E)
Cc phn bit ch nh mng c linh hot hn
Phn chia a ch mng gn vi nhu cu thc t
Gm 32 bit nh a ch IP chun v thm vo l thng tin c
bao nhiu bit c s dng cho phn netid (prefix)
a ch phn lp l mt trng hp c bit ca a ch khng
phn lp
148
CHNG 3: LP MNG
a ch trong mng
a ch khng phn lp
149
CHNG 3: LP MNG
a ch trong mng
150
CHNG 3: LP MNG
a ch trong mng
151
CHNG 3: LP MNG
Cu hi 2 (tip)
a ch trong mng
n cc phn
cn li ca
Internet
Bt k gi tin no c ch n t
130.34.12.64 n 130.34.12.128
u c phn phi n R1
152
CHNG 3: LP MNG
a ch trong mng
153
CHNG 3: LP MNG
Giao thc IP
Gi tr u tin
7 (111)
6(110)
5(101)
4(100)
3(011)
2(010)
1(001)
0(000)
ngha
iu khin mng
iu khin lin mng
Ti hn, c bit
Truyn nhanh (trn lt)
Truyn nhanh
Lp tc
u tin
Bnh thng
154
CHNG 3: LP MNG
Giao thc IP
155
CHNG 3: LP MNG
Giao thc IP
Phn on gi tin
MTU (byte)
Giao thc
Hyperchannel
65535
Token Ring (16 Mb/s)
17.914
Token Ring (4 Mb/s)
4.464
FDDI
4.352
Ethernet
1,500
X.25
576
PPP
296
156
CHNG 3: LP MNG
Giao thc IP
Phn on gi tin
- Datagram ID
- Flag
- Fregment Offset
D: Khng phn on
M: Cn phn on
dch = 0000/8=0
Byte 0000
Byte 1.399
dch = 0000/8=0
dch = 1400/8=175
Byte 0000
Byte 3.999
Byte 1.400
Byte 2.799
dch = 2800/8=350
Byte 2.800
Byte 3,999
157
CHNG 3: LP MNG
Giao thc IP
Phn on gi tin
158
CHNG 3: LP MNG
Giao thc IP
C TNH THEN CHT CA IP
a ch ton cu
c lp vi cng ngh mng lp di.
Pht chuyn khng nh hng
Pht chuyn khng tin cy
159
CHNG 3: LP MNG
Giao thc IP
Phn phi cc datagram trn lin mng vi cc c tnh:

Phn phi khng thit lp kt ni trc (Connectionless datagram
service)
c lp vi cc giao thc lp di
Phn phi khng tin cy (Flow Control, Sequence Control, Duplicate
Avoidance, Error Recovery)
Phn phi khng cn c s xc nhn
Hiu sut cao v mo u t
CHNG 3: LP MNG
Giao thc IP
C 4 chc nng c bn
a ch: Ni phn phi gi tin n
ng gi d liu theo khun dng: ng gi d liu vo mt gi
tin IP theo ng khun dng dnh ring.
Phn mnh v hp li theo kch thc khung ti a ca mng vt
l.
nh tuyn hoc phn phi trc tip ty thuc vo dch v lin
mng hay trong ni mng.
CHNG 3: LP MNG
Giao thc thng bo iu khin lin mng ICMP (Internet Control
Message Protocol)
IP chuyn gi n lc ti a, khng tin cy, khng c c ch

thng bo v sa li, thiu c ch truy vn xc nh thng tin.
Bn tin ICMP chia thnh 2 loi: thng bo li v ngun (s c
trm ch hoc b nh tuyn gp phi khi x l gi tin IP) v truy
vn (qun l thng tin trm hoc b nh tuyn)
162
CHNG 3: LP MNG
Giao thc ICMP
163
CHNG 3: LP MNG
Giao thc ARP (Address Resolution Protocol), RARP (Reverse Address
Resolution Protocol)
164
CHNG 3: LP MNG
Giao thc ARP, RARP
Hot ng ca ARP
. Tm a ch MAC ca mt my xc nh a ch IP
. Phc v cho mc ch truyn thng gia cc my trong mng
cc b bi tng Datalink
165
CHNG 3: LP MNG
Giao thc ARP, RARP
Cc trng hp s dng ARP

166
CHNG 3: LP MNG
Giao thc ARP, RARP
Hot ng ca RARP
. Tm a ch IP ca chnh n thng qua a ch MAC

. Ch dng khi my khng c cng hay b nh lu tr a ch IP
167
CHNG 3: LP MNG
Giao thc thng tin nh tuyn (Routing Information Protocol

- RIP) l mt giao thc nh tuyn ni min c s dng
bn trong h t tr. y l mt giao thc n gin da trn
nh tuyn vec t khong cch (chia s hiu bit v ton b
h t tr, chia s vi hng xm trong cc khong thi gian
u n), tnh ton ng i qua thut ton Bellman-Ford.
a ch ch trong bng nh tuyn l mt mng c ngha
ct u tin chnh l a ch mng.
Tham s nh tuyn ca RIP l s bc nhy - s ng
lin kt (mng) cn i qua ti ch.
168
CHNG 3: LP MNG
169
CHNG 3: LP MNG
Giao thc OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) l giao thc

nh tuyn ni min da trn giao thc trng thi lin kt.
Cc b nh tuyn OSPF duy tr bc tranh chung v
mng v trao i thng tin lin kt lc khm ph ban u
hay khi c thay i v cu hnh mng.
Chia AS thnh nhiu min nh x l hiu qu v
nhanh hn.
H tr a ng
170
CHNG 3: LP MNG
u im:
Tc hi t nhanh.
H tr mt n mng con chiu di bin thin (VLSM).
Kch thc mng va v ln.
S dng bng thng hiu qu (ch gi thng tin thay
i).
Chn tuyn ti u thng qua gi (cn bng ti khi c
nhiu ng cng gi)
Nhm thnh vin (phn on mng hiu qu, gii hn
nh hng li)
171
CHNG 3: LP MNG
Giao thc nh tuyn OSPF H thng thut ng
Lin kt (link)
giao din
Trng thi lin kt
(link state)
C s d liu topo
Vng
Gi
Bng nh tuyn
C s d liu lin
k
DR v BDR
172
CHNG 3: LP MNG
Giao thc nh tuyn OSPF Trng thi v cc loi gi tin
Loi gi
Down
Init
Two-way
ExStart
Exchange
Loading
Full
Adjacency
Loi 1 Hello
Loi 2 Database
Description Packet
(DBD)
Loi 3 Request
(LSR)
Loi 4 Link State
Update (LSU)
Loi 5 (LSAck)
Acknowledgement
Miu t
Thit lp v duy tr thng tin gn k
vi hng xm.
Miu t ni dung ca c s d liu
trng thi lin kt trn mt OSPF b
nh tuyn.
Yu cu mt phn thng tin c th
ca c s d liu trng thi lin kt.
Truyn ti cc LSA (Link State
Advertisement) ti hng xm.
Xc nhn vic nhn LSA.
173
CHNG 3: LP MNG
Giao thc nh tuyn OSPF Thit lp mi quan h vi cc b nh
tuyn khc.
Mi b nh tuyn OSPF u cn mi quan h vi hng xm

chia s thng tin nh tuyn.
Mt router s c gng c mi quan h lin k vi t nht mt router
khc trn mi mng IP m n u ni ti (mt s router n lc c
mi quan h lin k vi tt c cc router hng xm).
Cc router cn li c th tr thnh lin k vi mt hoc hai router
hng xm.
Cc router OSPF xc nh router no c mi quan h lin k da
trn kiu mng m n u ni n.
Ngay khi mi quan h lin k c thit lp gia cc hng xm,
thng tin trng thi lin kt s c trao i.
174
CHNG 3: LP MNG
Giao thc nh tuyn OSPF Kiu mng trong OSPF
175
CHNG 3: LP MNG
Giao thc nh tuyn OSPF Bu chn DR v BDR
DR c xem nh pht ngn vin ca phn on mng.
Tt c cc router trn phn on mng gi thng tin trng thi lin kt
ca mnh ti DR.
Mt b nh tuyn th hai c bu chn lm d phng BDR trong
trng hp DR b li.
176
CHNG 3: LP MNG
Giao thc nh tuyn OSPF - Bu chn DR v BDR
DR gi thng tin trng thi lin kt ti tt c cc router trong phn on mng
s dng a ch multicast 224.0.0.5
m bo c DR v BDR u c c thng tin trng thi lin kt ca cc
router trn phn on mng th s dng mt a ch multicast cho cc router
bu chn l 224.0.0.6
Vi kiu mng im-im ch c 2 node tn ti nn khng cn DR hoc
BDR.(Cc router thc s c mi quan h lin k vi nhau).
177
CHNG 3: LP MNG
Giao thc nh tuyn OSPF Hot ng
Bc 1 : Khm ph hng xm
Mt b nh tuyn OSPF c gng thit lp mi quan h gn k vi t nht

mt b nh tuyn hng xm trong cc mng m n u ni ti.
178
CHNG 3: LP MNG
Bc 2 : Chn DR v BDR
- DR v BDR c chn trn tng mng.

- Bu chn da trn u tin, ID ca b nh tuyn.
- Ch thc hin bu chn trn mng a truy nhp.
179
CHNG 3: LP MNG
Bc 3 : Khm ph tuyn
180
CHNG 3: LP MNG
Bc 4 : La chn tuyn ti u
- Tham s nh tuyn : cost

- C s d liu trng thi lin kt c s dng cho thut ton ng
i ngn nht (SPF) la chn ng i ti u.
- Xy dng bng nh tuyn.
181
CHNG 3: LP MNG
Bc 5 : Duy tr thng tin nh tuyn
- Mt router nhn thy s thay i trng thi lin kt s gi a hng gi tin

LSU (bao gm c thng tin thay i LSA) cho DR v BDR (224.0.0.6)
- DR nhn v gi trn lt LSU ti tt c cc b nh tuyn trn mng (224.0.0.5)
182
CHNG 3: LP MNG
Giao thc nh tuyn OSPF nh tuyn phn cp
183
CHNG 3: LP MNG
Giao thc nh tuyn OSPF nh tuyn phn cp
Phn cp 2 mc: min ni b, backbone.

Qung b Link-state ch trong ni b min.
Mi node c thng tin chi tit v topology ca min;
ch bit hng i (shortest path) ti cc mng ca
min khc.
B nh tuyn bin gii min: C thng tin tng th
i n cc mng trong min ca mnh v qung b
cho cc b nh tuyn bin gii min khc.
B nh tuyn backbone: Chy nh tuyn OSPF
trong backbone.
184
CHNG 3: LP MNG
Giao thc nh tuyn lin min
Lin mng c chia thnh nhiu h thng t tr (AS Autonomous System) trnh c vic mt lin mng ln
n mc mt giao thc nh tuyn khng th x l cng
vic cp nht cc bng nh tuyn ca tt c cc router
H thng t tr l mt nhm cc mng v router chu mt
quyn lc qun tr chung. N i khi cn c gi l vng
nh tuyn (routing domain).
nh tuyn bn trong mt h thng t tr c gi l nh tuyn
trong.
nh tuyn gia cc h thng t tr c gi l nh tuyn ngoi.
185
CHNG 3: LP MNG
Giao thc nh tuyn lin min
Mi h thng t tr c th chn mt giao thc nh tuyn

trong thc hin nh tuyn bn trong h thng. Tuy nhin,
thng ch c mt giao thc nh tuyn ngoi c la chn
thc hin gia cc h thng t tr.
Hin nay c nhiu giao thc trong v ngoi ang c s
dng. Tuy nhin, tiu biu nht v ph bin nht l giao thc
nh tuyn trong OSPF v giao thc nh tuyn ngoi BGP
OSPF c th c s dng cp nht cc bng nh tuyn bn
trong mt h thng t tr.
BGP c th c s dng cp nht cc bng nh tuyn cho cc
router ni cc h thng t tr vi nhau.
186
CHNG 4: LP GIAO VN
Giao thc nh tuyn lin min Nguyn tc
Anh thng tin n ti tt c cc tin t a ch m anh c

th kt ni n nhng khng ni r ng i n .
Ti cng s gi cho anh nhng thng tin tng t.
Nu c s thay i th hy cho ti bit.
Nu anh ni vi ti mt ia ch ti s gi anh nhng lu
lng c gi n a ch .
Nu ti qung co vi anh mt a ch tc l ti chp
nhn lu lng c gi n a ch .
Che du ton b cu hnh mng bn trong AS.
187
CHNG 4: LP GIAO VN
Giao thc nh tuyn lin min - nh tuyn vecto ng i
Tng t nh nh tuyn vecto khong cch.
Gi s c mt node trong mi AS hot ng lm i din ca ton b
AS: Speaker Node
Node i din ny to ra mt bng nh tuyn v qung b ti cc
node i din ca cc AS hng xm.
Bng nh tuyn bao gm cc mng ch, router k tip v ng i ti

ch.
Qung b ng i khng phi tham s ca node
ng i c nh ngha l chui cc AS m mt gi tin c th i qua
n c ch.
188
CHNG 4: LP GIAO VN
Khi to: Mi node i din ch bit c nhng node c th kt ni n bn
trong AS.
189
CHNG 4: LP GIAO VN
Chia s v cp nht
190
CHNG 3: LP MNG
Giao thc nh tuyn lin min - BGP
BGP (Border Gateway Protocol): Giao thc nh tuyn

ngoi (RFC 1772) c chc nng l trao i thng tin nh
tuyn gia cc h t tr v m bo vic la chn ng i
khng vng lp.
AS ct (Stub AS)
Ch c duy nht mt ng kt ni n mt AS khc.
AS a kt ni khng chuyn tip (Multihomed AS)
C nhiu hn mt kt ni n cc AS khc.
AS a kt ni chuyn tip (Transit AS)
L mt AS a kt ni cho php chuyn tip lu lng nh
cc ISP quc gia v quc t.
191
CHNG 3: LP MNG
Phin BGP
S dng dch v ca TCP
c xem l cc kt ni bn c nh.
C BGP ni min v BGP lin min
192
CHNG 3: LP MNG
Open message
to mi quan h hng xm mt router chy BGP m mt khi
nim TCP vi hng xm v gi bn tin Open.
Update message
Rt li cc mng ch qung co trc , thng bo mt tuyn
ti ch mi hoc thc hin c hai chc nng ny.
Keepalive message
Cc b nh tuyn trao i bn tin ny mt cch nh k (trc khi
vt thi gian cho php) ni vi cc router khc l node ang
tn ti.
Notification message
c gi bi mt router khi pht hin li v router mun ng kt
ni.
193
CHNG 3: LP MNG
Cu trc b nh tuyn
B nh tuyn li
Tin cy
Thng lng/Hiu nng
B nh tuyn x nghip
Nhiu cng
D cu hnh
Ga thnh thp
B nh tuyn truy nhp
Khch hng
Ga thnh thp
Modem pool
Cisco
GSR
12416
320Gb/s
640Gb/s
Backbone routers
Access routers
Enterprise routers
194
Ging vin: Nguyn
Th.S Nguyn
Thanh
Thanh
Tr Tr
Khoa
Khoa
Vin thng
Vin thng
1 Hc
1 vin
Hc CNBCVT
vin CNBCVT
CHNG 3: LP MNG
Cu trc b nh tuyn
Chuyn tip gi tin : C bn (xc nhn tiu , thi gian sng, tnh li tng di, tm
kim tuyn, phn on, x l trng ty chn).Phc tp (phn loi gi, bin dch gi,
sp xp th t u tin lu lng )
Tin trnh x l nh tuyn (cc giao thc nh tuyn, cu hnh h thng, qun l b
nh tuyn)
195
CHNG 3: LP MNG
Cu trc b nh tuyn
Hot ng ca b nh tuyn
Chp nhn gi n t ng u vo
Tm kim a ch ch ca gi trong bng chuyn tip
xc nh cng u ra
X l tiu gi tin
Chuyn mch: Gi gi tin n cng u ra
m trong hng i
196
CHNG 3: LP MNG
Tng kt chng 3:
1.
Chc nng c bn ca lp mng
2.
Phng thc chuyn gi tin: Datagram, Virtual Circuit
3.
nh tuyn: Khi nim, phn loi, cc thut ton tnh ton ng i ti

u (Bellman Ford, Dijkstra), cc giao thc nh tuyn (Vecto khong
cch, trng thi lin kt).
4.
Cc giao thc lp mng ca mng internet (TCP/IP): Giao thc IP,

ARP/RARP, ICMP, RIP, OSPF, BGP).
5.
Cu trc, chc nng c bn ca b nh tuyn.
197
NI DUNG
GII THIU CHUNG
LP MNG
LP GIAO VN
CC LP CAO
198
CHNG 4: LP GIAO VN
Lp giao vn chu trch nhim phn phi thng tin t tin trnh
ti tin trnh. Phn phi gi tin, mt phn ca bn tin t tin
trnh ny ti tin trnh khc.
199
CHNG 4: LP GIAO VN
Ti sao cn lp giao vn ?
Lp mng tn ti trm u cui v b nh tuyn trong mng.
Trm u cui khng th iu khin nhng thnh phn trong
mng. Nn trm u cui thit lp lp khc ti cc u cui
cung cp dch v truyn ti tin cy hn dch v lp mng bn
di.
Trong khi lp mng ch lm vic c vi mt t thc th lp
truyn ti th lp truyn ti cho php nhiu ng dng ng thi s
dng dch v truyn ti.
Cung cp mt giao din chung cho cc nh lp trnh ng dng v
khng cn quan tm n lp mng h tng. Nh lp trnh ng dng
c th s dng hm nguyn thy lp giao vn trn cc mng khc
nhau (nhng cng lp truyn ti).
200
CHNG 4: LP GIAO VN
Chc nng
Cung cp dch v cho cc lp cao hn.
Dch v phi kt ni
Dch v hng kt ni
Hm nguyn thy dch v lp truyn ti.
201
CHNG 4: LP GIAO VN
Chc nng
Tin cy, phn phi theo
ng th t (TCP)
application
transport
network
data link
physical
Thit lp kt ni.
iu khin tc nghn.
iu khin lung.
Khng tin cy, phn phi

khng theo th t (UDP)
best-effort IP
network
data link
physical
network
data link
physical
network
data link
physicalnetwork
data link
physical
network
data link
physical
network
data link
physical
application
transport
network
data link
physical
202
CHNG 4: LP GIAO VN
Hm nguyn thy dch v giao vn
203
CHNG 4: LP GIAO VN
a ch lp giao vn
Giao thc lp giao vn phn

phi d liu ti cc ng dng
trn internet bng a ch
Cng v cc Socket.
a ch ti lp truyn ti c
gi l ch s cng phn
bit nhiu tin trnh cng chy
ng thi trm.
Cng ch c dng gi thng tin, cn cng ngun tr li.
Ch s cng l cc s nguyn t 0 n 65,535. Chng trnh
client c xc nh bi mt ch s cng c la chn ngu
nhin bi phn mm lp giao vn chy trn host.
204
CHNG 4: LP GIAO VN
a ch lp giao vn
Tin trnh trn server cng c nh ngha vi mt ch s cng. Khng

c la chn ngu nhin.
IANA (Internet Assigned Number Authority) chia s lng a ch thnh 3
min: well known, ng k, ng (hoc ring).
IANA ranges
205
CHNG 4: LP GIAO VN
a ch lp giao vn
Phn phi thng tin t tin trnh n tin trnh cn 2 nhn dng: a
ch IP v ch s cng ti mi pha thit lp nn kt ni - a ch
socket.
Giao thc lp truyn ti cn mt cp a ch socket (client server).
C 4 thng tin l mt phn ca tiu IP v tiu lp giao vn.
Tiu IP gm c a ch IP; Tiu UDP hoc TCP gm c a ch
cng.
206
CHNG 4: LP GIAO VN
Ghp/tch knh
C ch a ch cho php
ghp/tch knh lp giao
vn.
Pha pht: nhiu tin trnh cn
gi gi tin cn thc hin ghp
knh. Giao thc nhn cc bn
tin t cc tin trnh khc nhau
c phn bit bi ch s
cng, gn mo u, chuyn
xung lp mng.
Pha thu l mi quan h mtti-nhiu v cn phi tch
knh.
80
21
53
110
80
21
53
110
207
CHNG 4: LP GIAO VN
Giao thc UDP
Ty thuc vo dch v nn TCP truyn thng c chia
thnh TCP v UDP.
n gin v nhanh
Dch v datagram, khng tin cy, kt ni khng nh hng
a thm vo khi nim cng nhn dng cc ng dng ng
mc.
Cc datagram c th b mt, khng theo th t, hoc trng lp.
Mo u rt nh
u im khi s dng trc tip trn IP
C th phn bit cc ng dng ring thng qua cc cng wellknown
Kim tra tng (checksum)
208
CHNG 4: LP GIAO VN
Giao thc UDP
Cc cng well-known c s dng vi UDP
209
CHNG 4: LP GIAO VN
Giao thc UDP
Cc bc c bn trong truyn ti s dng UDP
210
CHNG 4: LP GIAO VN
Giao thc UDP
Tiu UDP
211
CHNG 4: LP GIAO VN
Giao thc UDP
ng dng
Khng yu cu tin cy, xc nhn hoc cc tnh nng
iu khin lung ti lp truyn ti.
Hiu sut quan trng hn s ton vn: chui video,
thoi
Cc trng hp khc: multicast, broadcast.
TFTP, DNS, SNMP
212
CHNG 4: LP GIAO VN
Giao thc TCP
TCP l giao thc kt ni c nh hng, to mt kt ni o gia 2 TCP
u cui gi d liu.
Application
Application
TCP
IP
Network
Dch v cung cp bi TCP: kt ni

end to end, phn phi theo lung
byte tin cy, song cng, dch v
kt ni c nh hng, truyn
thng tin tin cy (iu khin lung,
tc nghn)
TCP
IP
Network
Internetwork
213
CHNG 4: LP GIAO VN
Giao thc TCP
B m pha pht v thu
Tin trnh pht v thu khng cng mt tc nn TCP cn c b m

pha pht v pha thu. B m thc hin gi thng tin theo mt
chiu.
Pha pht: C 3 vng b m (trng, ghi, hng). Sau khi cc byte thng
tin trong min mu ghi c c phn hi, vng b m c xa
v sn sng s dng cho tin trnh gi thng tin.
Pha thu: B m c 2 min (trng, hng). Sau khi cc byte trong min
mu hng c c bi tin trnh pha nhn, vng b m ny c
gii phng.
214
CHNG 4: LP GIAO VN
Giao thc TCP
Phn on
Lp IP cn gi
d liu i di
dng gi tin
ch khng phi
chui cc byte.
Ti lp giao vn, TCP s nhm mt s lng byte thnh mt gi tin gi
l mt phn on.
TCP s thm tiu cho mi phn on (nhm mc ch iu khin)
v chuyn phn on xung lp IP truyn i.
Cc phn on c ng gi vo IP datagram v gi i.
Ton b hot ng ny l trong sut vi tin trnh thu.
215
CHNG 4: LP GIAO VN
Giao thc TCP
Khun dng phn on TCP
216
CHNG 4: LP GIAO VN
Giao thc TCP
Trng iu khin
Nhng bit thc hin iu khin lung, thit lp v gii phng, loi b kt
ni v th hin kiu truyn ti d liu trong TCP.
URG: Ga tr trng con tr khn c
hiu lc.
ACK: Xc nhn c gi tr
RST: Khi to li kt ni
SYN: S th t ng b
FIN: Ngt kt ni
PSH: y d liu
217
CHNG 4: LP GIAO VN
Giao thc TCP
Kt ni TCP
TCP l kt ni c nh hng (thit lp tuyn ng o

gia ngun v ch). Tt c cc phn on thuc cng mt
bn tin c gi qua ng ny
Thun tin cho tin
trnh cng nhn cng nh truyn li d liu b li hoc mt.
TCP s dng dch v ca IP phn phi cc phn on
ti pha thu v thc hin t iu khin kt ni. Nu phn
on b mt hoc gin on th s c truyn li.
Thc hin kt ni c nh hng cn c 3 pha:
Thit lp kt ni.
Truyn thng tin.
Gii phng kt ni.
218
CHNG 4: LP GIAO VN
Giao thc TCP
Thit lp kt ni TCP dng th tc bt tay 3 bc
Phn on SYN khng mang d liu nhng cn mt con s th t.

Phn on SYN+ACK khng mng d liu nhng vn tiu tn mt con s
th t.
Phn on ACK nu khng mang d liu th khng tiu tn s th t.
219
CHNG 4: LP GIAO VN
Giao thc TCP
Gi d liu
220
CHNG 4: LP GIAO VN
Giao thc TCP
Gii phng kt ni theo th tc bt tay 3 bc
Phn on FIN c mt con s th t d khng mang d liu.

Phn on FIN+ACK cng dng mt con s th t d khng mang d liu.
221
CHNG 4: LP GIAO VN
Giao thc TCP
iu khin lung
nh ngha lng d liu m ngun c th gi trc khi nhn mt

xc nhn t ch
TCP dng c ch ca s trt iu khin lung.
Cc byte nm trong gii hn ca s c gi i khng cn ch

ACK.
Ca s c m, ng, co gin. Nhng hot ng ny c

iu khin bi pha thu.
222
CHNG 4: LP GIAO VN
Giao thc TCP
iu khin lung
TCP s dng 2 b m: pht, thu.

Trng ca s c bn thu bo
cho bn gi. bit s byte m bn
pht c th gi trc khi dng
ch bn tin bo nhn tip theo
Bn gi t ca s ln b m v
gi d liu khi kch thc ca s
ln hn 0.
Thng thng kch thc ca s
c thng bo bng vi kch
thc cn ri trong b m nhn.
Khi tng ln ca s ln qu mc cho php s gy ra li (mt thng tin).

V th cn c c ch iu chnh ca s trnh nghn.
223
CHNG 4: LP GIAO VN
Giao thc TCP
V d iu
khin lung
224
CHNG 4: LP GIAO VN
Giao thc TCP
B nh thi
B nh thi truyn li (retransmission)

B nh thi kin nhn (persistence)
B nh thi cn tn ti (keep alive)
B nh thi thi gian i (time-waited)
225
CHNG 4: LP GIAO VN
Tng kt chng 4:
1.
Chc nng c bn ca lp giao vn, cc dch v ca lp giao vn cung

cp cho lp trn, hm nguyn thy.
2.
Cch thc trao i thng tin gia cc lp giao vn thng qua a ch

cng, a ch socket.
3.
Giao thc UDP: nguyn tc, khun dng tiu , ng dng.
4.
Giao thc TCP: nguyn tc, khun dng tiu , th tc thit lp kt ni,
iu khin lung, ng dng
226
NI DUNG
GII THIU CHUNG
LP MNG
LP GIAO VN
CC LP TRN
227
CHNG 5: cc lp trn
Cc giao thc lp trn hng ti cung cp dch v ca cho cc ng dng.
Thit b A
Thit b B
Nt trung gian
Nt trung gian
Giao thc ngang hng

Giao thc ngang hng
Giao thc ngang hng
Giao thc ngang hng
ng truyn vt l
228
CHNG 5: cc lp trn
Lp phin
Thit lp, duy tr v kt thc mt phin lm vic (session) gia 2 ng

dng ngi dng. (nh th no ? Yu cu log-on, xc nh password).
Mt s giao thc quan trng: Remote Procedure Call (RPC), X-Window
System, AppleTalk Session Protocol (ASP),Digital Network Architecture
Session Control Protocol (DNA SCP).
229
CHNG 5: cc lp trn
Lp phin
iu khin hi thoi
Thit lp s kim sot hi thoi gia hai my tnh trong mt phin lm

vic, qui nh khi no th pha no s truyn v truyn trong bao lu.
H tr hot ng song cng (duplex) hoc bn song cng (half-duplex)
hoc n cng (Single)
230
CHNG 5: cc lp trn
Lp phin
Phn tch hi thoi
Thit lp cc qui trnh nh du im hon thnh (checkpointing) gip vic

phc hi truyn thng nhanh hn khi c li xy ra
231
CHNG 5: cc lp trn
Lp trnh din
m bo cho cc h thng u cui c th trao i

thng tin c vi nhau ngay c khi chng s dng
cc kiu biu din thng tin khc nhau.
232
CHNG 5: cc lp trn
Lp trnh din
Xc lp dng thc d liu c trao i (m ha k t
theo b m g?, theo h thng my no?) (ASCII hay
nh phn ABCDIC)
Nn v gii nn d liu.
S lng bit t i (hiu qu)
V d: 25.888888888 c nn thnh 25.[9]8
m bo v s an ton m ha (bo mt) thng tin khi

nguy c b xem trm trong qu trnh truyn trn mng. C
hai cch m ha
Symmetric cryptosystem: M ha i xng
Asymmetric cryptosystem: M ha bt i xng
233
CHNG 5: cc lp trn
Lp trnh din
Mt s giao thc lp trnh din
ASCII, American Standard Code for Information
Interchange
EBCDIC, Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange
Code
X.25 PAD, Packet Assembler/Disassembler Protocol
234
CHNG 5: cc lp trn
Lp ng dng
235
CHNG 5: cc lp trn
Lp ng dng
Tng ny l giao din chnh ngi dng tng

tc vi chng trnh ng dng trn mng.
Cung cp cc phng tin cho ngi s dng truy
cp v s dng cc dch v mng.
H tr ng dng ngi dng trc tip
V d: truyn file, email v nhng dch v phn mm
mng khc (network software)
236
CHNG 5: cc lp trn
Lp ng dng
Lp ng dng
trong TCP/IP
Tng ny cung
cp cc dch v
di dng cc giao
thc cho ng dng
ca ngi dng
237
CHNG 5: cc lp trn
Lp ng dng
Mt s giao thc lp ng dng thng thng
HTTP:
L giao thc c dng truy nhp cc trang web trn web
server.
HTTP s dng Port 80
Giao thc FTP(File Transfer Protocol)
L giao thc s dng trong dch v truyn file gia 2 my trn
mng
FTP dng Port 21 v c 2 kt ni gia cc host mun truyn thng
tin: kt ni iu khin v kt ni d liu
Telnet
Dng trong ng dng truy cp t xa, s dng Port 23
Telnet dng mt c ch thng lng gia 2 host mun truyn
thng, cho php iu khin v qun tr t xa
238
CHNG 4: LP GIAO VN
Lp ng dng
Mt s giao thc lp ng dng thng thng
Giao thc SMTP(Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)

L giao thc ph bin nht chuyn cc thng ip e-mail
trn mng. S dng Port 25
Mt e-mail trc khi c chuyn n ch c th c lu
chuyn qua nhiu cc SMTP Server khc nhau
POP (Post Office Protocol) v IMAP (Internet Mail Access
Protocol)
L cc giao thc lu tr cc thng ip, thng c hot
ng kt hp vi SMTP trong Mail Server
Ngi dng POP Server c th download ton b cc mail
trong Mail Server v my trc khi c.
IMAP m rng tnh nng ca POP, cho php ngi dng chn
c cc mail trn Server thng qua cc tiu mail
239
CHNG 5: cc lp trn
Tng kt chng 5 :
1.
Lp phin: chc nng c bn, giao thc.
2.
Lp trnh din: chc nng c bn, giao thc.
3.
Lp ng dng: chc nng c bn, giao thc.
240
NH GI MN HC
Chuyn cn
10% (nh gi da trn s gi i hc, thc

chun b bi v tinh thn tch cc tho lun)
Kim tra, bi tp 20%

Bi thc hnh
10%
Bi thi cui k
60%
Sinh vin i hc 80% l thuyt, lm bi
kim tra v thc hnh s c quyn d thi
cui k.
Thi vit, ng (n theo cng v bi
ging)
241

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HC VIN CNG NGH BU CHNH VIN THNG

Mng Vin thng- Khoa VT1

Hc k/Nm bin son: 1/2014

K THUT MNG TRUYN THNG

BI GING MN: K THUT CHUYN MCH

CHNG 1: GII THIU CHUNG

BI GING MN: C S K THUT MNG TRUYN THNG

CHNG 1: GII THIU CHUNG

BI GING MN: C S K THUT MNG TRUYN THNG

CHNG 1: GII THIU CHUNG

BI GING MN: C S K THUT MNG TRUYN THNG

CHNG 1: GII THIU CHUNG

BI GING MN: C S K THUT MNG TRUYN THNG

CHNG 1: GII THIU CHUNG

BI GING MN: C S K THUT MNG TRUYN THNG

CHNG 1: GII THIU CHUNG

BI GING MN: C S K THUT MNG TRUYN THNG

CHNG 1: GII THIU CHUNG

Khng cho php li

Pht li thng tin

Khng th thc hin c

Thc hin d dng

BI GING MN: C S K THUT MNG TRUYN THNG

CHNG 1: GII THIU CHUNG

Mng thng tin di ng (sau): cung cp tnh nng di ng

BI GING MN: C S K THUT MNG TRUYN THNG

CHNG 1: GII THIU CHUNG

BI GING MN: C S K THUT MNG TRUYN THNG

CHNG 1: GII THIU CHUNG

BI GING MN: C S K THUT MNG TRUYN THNG

CHNG 1: GII THIU CHUNG

BI GING MN: C S K THUT MNG TRUYN THNG

CHNG 1: GII THIU CHUNG

BI GING MN: C S K THUT MNG TRUYN THNG

CHNG 1: GII THIU CHUNG

Chia s chung mt bus thng tin xc nh 2

BI GING MN: C S K THUT MNG TRUYN THNG

CHNG 1: GII THIU CHUNG

Mng hnh sao

BI GING MN: C S K THUT MNG TRUYN THNG

CHNG 1: GII THIU CHUNG

B nh tuyn v/hoc chuyn

BI GING MN: C S K THUT MNG TRUYN THNG

CHNG 1: GII THIU CHUNG

ng . Tiu chun c pht trin thng qua vic hp tc

BI GING MN: C S K THUT MNG TRUYN THNG

CHNG 1: GII THIU CHUNG

ng . Tiu chun c pht trin thng qua vic hp tc

BI GING MN: C S K THUT MNG TRUYN THNG

CHNG 1: GII THIU CHUNG

Gim phc tp trong thit k v ci t, vn hnh, bo

BI GING MN: C S K THUT MNG TRUYN THNG

CHNG 1: GII THIU CHUNG

BI GING MN: C S K THUT MNG TRUYN THNG

CHNG 1: GII THIU CHUNG

Cc kiu dch v: dch v tin cy v khng tin cy

BI GING MN: C S K THUT MNG TRUYN THNG

CHNG 1: GII THIU CHUNG

Qu t khi h tr kt ni c nh hng tt c cc lp.

C nhiu ng dng khng cn thit:

BI GING MN: C S K THUT MNG TRUYN THNG

CHNG 1: GII THIU CHUNG

C php: Khun dng, th no l mt bn tin c gi tr.