ssZzamknI

]pkv X Iw 7

ew 4

2012 P\p- h cns^{_p- h cn

D-Sw
lZokv \ntj[ {]h-W-X-I
Fw sF apl-Zen kpan
lZokv \ntj-[-n-eqsS Ckvem-ans\s \ntj-[n-m
km[n-p-sa FXn-cm-fn-I-fpsS X{s apkvenw ]nX-m ]p-ap-Xte sNdp-p-t]m-n-p-v.

athouheed@gmail.com

hymP lZo-kp-I DZv`-hhpw Imc-W-fpw

~MdG

kn apl-Zv keow kpan

lZo-kp-I-fn "hymPw' IS-p-Iq-Snb hgn-I
hni-I-e\w sNpp.

eLeSEG
Gc j~gG Ih~f Y Q~J
,dc -IY~dG ce
.~dG ,Gc
hCG HQ ` U
`g 1433
Advisors
Prof. P Muhammed kuttassery
Dr. E K Ahmed Kutty
Dr. P K Hussain Madavoor
Chief Editor
C P Umer sullami
Executive Editors
Abdul Jabbar Trippanachi
K P Zakariyya
Members
Dr. P P Abdul Haque
Dr. Jamaludheen Farooqui
C A Saeed Farooqui
I P Abdussalam

Academy for Islamic Studies

and Research, ISM Complex,
R.M. Road, Kozhikode - 2
Phone: 0495 2701804
Fax: 0495 2703870

lZo-kp-I \_n(-kz) ]d--Xmbn

nc-s-Sp--sX-s\?

12

27

32

F A_vZp-emw kpan
k\Zpw aXv\pw Hcp-t]mse Ip-a--Xm-bn-o-cp-tm am{Xta
lZokv \_n-N-cy-bmbn nc-s-Sp-I-bp-q.

`qan Fp-sImv Poh

s\n-te-pp?

54

Sn ]n Fw dm^n
kuc-bq-Y-n Poh ]cn-e-kn-p Htc-sbmcp {Klw
`qan-bm-Wv. Fp-sImv?

ssZh-\maw P]n-p ]d-h-I

64

AUz. F DatImb

\_n-Ncy Ckvem-anI {]amWw

.......................................09
lZo-kp-Ifpw kmt-XnI {]tbm-K-fpw
.........................................22
lZokv ]T\w Cy-bn
.......................................40
_pJm-cn-bn \ncq-]-W-hn-t[-b-amb lZo-kp-Itfm?
...................44
ae-bm-f
- nse lZokv {K-
.......................................48
Aapkvenw BtLm-j
- fpw apkvenw-Ifpw
.........................................50
Hgpv (I-hn-X)
.......................................53
akvXn-jvI acWw kw`-hn-m (^-Xm-hm)
.........................................60
A RARE COPY OF THE QURAN
..........................................69

YGh dG gCG
Au-loZv

! 3 !

......................................................................70

P\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012

FUn-tm-dn-b

kn ]n Da kpan

{]am-W
- f
- n-tev aS-pI
tI-c-f-n-se ap-kv-enw-I-sf kw-_-n-t-S-tm-fw X--fp-sS N-cn-{X-ns Z-im-k-n-I-fn- \n-c-h-[n D-m-\-]-X-\-- I-gn-p-t]m-bn-p-v.
{]-Xm-]-n-s D-pw-K-X-bpw A-[:n-Xn-bp-sS B-g-hpw A-h- A-\p-`hn-n-p-v. ]-sm-]Xmw \q-m-v ap-gp-h-\pw C-cp-]-Xmw \q-m-n-s
BZy-Z-i-I-fpw tIcf apkvenw-I-fpsS Ccp-f-S Im-e-L--am-bn-cp-p
F--Xv A-Xn-i-tbm-n-b-. Hu-]-Nm-cn-I hn-Zym-e-b--fn- apkvenw-I
X-fpsS a--sf tN--m-dn-. am-Xr-`m-j, Cw-o-jv C-h-sbm-pw A-dn-bn-.
A--c-m-\w t]m-ep-an-. hn-ip- Izp--B- hm-bn-m- ]-Tn-p-I-bpw AXn-\p-th-n A-d-_n A--c-- A-`y-kn-p-I-bpw sN-p-I F--Xm-bn-cp-p
Ah-cpsS ]-c-am-h-[n hn-Zym-`ym-kw. s]m-Xp-k-aq-l-n- \n-v H--s-v H-cp-Xcw A-]-I--j-tm-sS Po-hn-p- H-cp ]m--iz-h-Xv-Ir-X k-aq-l-am-bn-cp-p apkv-enw-I-.
`u-Xn-I-am-bpw km-aq-ln-I-am-bpw C-Xm-bn-cp-p n-Xn-sb-n- A-h-cp-sS aX-]-c-am-b \n-e-hm-cw C-Xn-t\m ]-cn-Xm-]-I-c-am-bn-cp-p. sN-dp--n- Izp-B- ]m-cm-b-Ww ]-Tn-n--s-n-cp-p .A-Xn-\m- A-d-_n A--c-a-dn-bmw. kmt-Xn-I-am-bn km--c-X-bp-s-p-am-{Xw. tI-h-e ]m-cm-b-W-n-e-p-dw Izp-B- F-s-v a-\-n-em-n-bn-n-. A-d-_n a-e-bm-f en-]n-bn- F-gp-X-s- ame-m-p-I-fpw In--m-p-I-fpw Nn-e Io---\-Im-hy--fpw Po-hn-X N-cy-bm-bn
sIm-p-\-S-p. Izp--B- _---n-\p-am-{Xw Hm-Xpw. \m-p-\-S-p-I-fpw ]m-c-cy--fpw am-{X-am-Wv {]-am-W--. a-X-hn-Zym-`ym-kw Z--kp-I-fn- ]-cn-an-X-ambn. I--a-im-kv-{X-n-se G-Xm-\pw {K--- N--hn-X-N--h-Ww sN-p--Xn-\p-dw "]-n-X-m-'p-t]m-epw D-b-cm- I-gn-n-. a-Zv-l-_o ]--]m-Xn-Xzw
ap-J-ap-{Z-bm-bn-cp-p-sh-n-epw au-en-I-am-bn a-Zv-l-_p-I- F-m-sW-p-t]m-epw
A-dn-bn-. Np-cp--n- hn-ip- Izp--B- C-kv-em-an-s {]-am-W-am-sW-v Xncn--dn-bm- H-c-h- \-p-sS k-aq-l-n-\p-m-bn-cp-p. kp--v A-Y-hm \_n-N-cy F-s-v, ]-n-X-sc-v P-\-- ]-d-bp--h--p-t]m-epw A-dn-bp-ambn-cp-n-. Cu A-Sn-m-\ Im-c-W-m--X-s ap-kv-enw D--n-s b-Ym--Y
C--v(-{]-Xm-]w) ap-kv-enw-I--v \-jv-S-s-p.
ap-kv-enw D--n-s ]-Xn-Xm-h--bp-sS aq-e-Im-c-Ww Xn-cn--dn- Nn-e alm-a-\o-jn-I- A-h--n-S-bn- C-kzv-em-ln-\p th-n, A-Y-hm A-h-sc b-Ym-Y C-kv-em-an-I ]m-X-bn-te-p-b--n-sm-p-h-cm- {i-aw Xp-S-n. \-thm-mAu-loZv

! 4 !

P\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012

\ {]-m-\-sa-tm C-kzv-em-lo {]-m-\-sa-tm

A-dn-b-s-Sp- k-ap-Zm-b Pm-K-c-W {]-{In-b-bv-v
Xp-S-w Ip-dn--Xv ]-sm--]-Xmw \q-m-n-s
A-y-Z-i-I--fn-(1890 I-fn-) B-bn-cp-p. BZy-am-Zyw hy-n-I-fpw ]-n-X-m-cpw H--bv-pw
]n-o-Sv kw-L-Sn-X-am-bpw I--a-cw-K-n-d-n-b Ckzv-em-lo {]-h---I- {i--bq-n-b-Xv hn-ip-
Izp--B- P-\--fn-te-s-n-p-I-bpw k-aq-ls Izp- - B - \ n- t e- v Xn- c n- p- h n- f n- p- I bpw
sNp-Xn-em-bn-cp-p. hn-Zym-`ym-k kmw-kv-Im-cnI {]-h---\---v C-Xn-s k-am--c-am-bn XpS-w Ip-dn-n-cp-p-sh-n-epw c-m-a-Xm-bn Du- \--In-bXv \-_n-N-cy A-Y-hm kp--v Fm-sW- Xn-cn--dn-hv P-\--fn- D-m-n-o-m-\m-bn-cp-p. X--fp-sS a-X-Io-b B-Nm-c-
\-_n-N-cy-bv--\p-k-cn-v cq-]-s-Sp-n-sb-Sp-t-Xm-sW-pw \-_n-N-cy-bv--p-d-ap- B-Nm-c--v a-X-n- m-\-an-s-pw ap-kv-enw-I-tfm-Sv
]-d--tm- A-X-h--v A-]-cn-Nn-X-am-bn A-\p`-h-s-p. a-Zv-l-_o ]--]m-Xn-Xz-n-s ]n-Sn-bne-a-- Nn-e ]-n-X-m-cpw "kp--n's\-Xn-sc
{]-Nm-c-W-hp-am-bn cw-K-p-h-p. ]-t, i--amb sh-fn-w I-S-p-h--tm- C-cp-n-\v h-gn-am-dmsX \n-hr-n-bn-m-bn-cp-p.
C-kzv-em-lo {]-m-\-s i-n-bm-bn F-Xn- ]-n-X-m-c-S--ap--h- Izp--B-\pw kp-p-am-Wv \-p-sS {]-am-W-sa-v ]-d-tb-n-hp. hn-ip- Izp--B-\n-s H-cp U-k-\n-e-[n-Iw
a-e-bm-f hn-h---\-- {]-kn-o-I-cn--s-p. _pJm-cn, ap-kv-enwt]m-ep- l-Zo-kv {K---fpw `mjm--c-Ww sN--s-p. ap-kv-enw km-am-\y-P-\w
X--fp-sS {]-am-W-- Xn-cn--dn-p. F-m-
k-Xy-s G-sd-m-ew \n-e-\n--m- C-_v-eokv k--Xn-n--tm. Izp--B-\pw l-Zo-kpw \-apv ]-Tn-m- ]m-Sn-; a-lm-]-n-X-m-cp-sS hmp-I-fm-Wv \-ap-v {]-am-Ww F-p-am-{Xw P-\-sf ]-Tn-n- ]-n-X-m-, P-\---v Xn-cn--dnhp-m-b-tm-, I-f-cn-p ]p-d-t-v Nm-Sp--XmWv I--Xv.
AXm-bXv kI-e-am\ \mp-\-S-p-Ipw IzpB-\nepw lZo-knepw sX-fn-hp-I- "I-s-p'
hn-Nn-{X-am-b Im-gv-N-bm-Wv C-cp-]-Xmw \q-m-n-s
A-y-Z-i-I--fn- Im-Wm- I-gn--Xv. l-Zo-kv
F- hym-tP-\ G-Xv hm-tdm-e-bpw {]-amW-ampI, {]-am-W tbm-Ky-am-b l-Zo-kp-I- Zp-hym-Jym\w sN-bv-Xv X--fp-sS B-Nm-c---v sX-fn-hmbp--cn-p-I Xp-S-n-b A-Xy-w Kp-cp-X-c-am-b
n-Xn-hn-ti-j-n-te-v Im-cy-- \o-n-p-Sn. C-kzv-em-lo ]-n-X-m--v ho-pw `m-cw
h--[n-p. l-Zo-kp-I- kzo-I-cn-p--Xn-s am-\Z-w(-D-kzq-ep l-Zo-kv) P-\---v t_m-[ys-Sp-n-sm-Sp-t-n-h-p.
Im-e-n-s kq-Nn-sb ]n-Sn-p-\n--m- bmAu-loZv

! 5 !

Ym-n-Xn-I-X-bv-m-bn-. Izp--B-\pw \-_n-N-cybpw ]-Tn-p a-\-n-em-n-b e---W-v D-Xv-_p-cm-b Bfp-I tI-c-f-n- h-f--p-h-p. lZo-kn- A-h-Km-lw t\-Sn-b ]-n-X--am-cp-mbn. {]-am-W-tbm-Ky-am-b l-Zo-kp-I-fpw {]-am-W
tbm-Ky-a-m--h-bpw F--s\-bm-Wv th--Xn-cn-s-Sp--sX-v km-[m-c-W-m--t]m-epw km-am-\yam-bn D--sm-p. hn-ip- Izp--B-\pw {]-am-Wtbm-Ky-am-b l-Zo-kp-I-fpw(kz-lo-lv) B-Wv Ckvem-an- {]-am-W-sa- t_m-[yw A-h--p-m-bn.
kzn-lm-lp-n- A-Y-hm B-dv kz-lo-lv {K-- A-h---dn-bmw. {]m-_-ey-n- an-I-p-\n-p--Xv _p-Jm-cn-bpw ap-kv-en-ap-am-sW-pw Ah- c-p-t]-cpw H-cp-an-p--cn- "ap--^-Izp- Asse-ln'bm-Wv G--hpw {]-_-e-sa-pw A-h- Xncn--dn-p.
F-m- I-d-I-f- t\-cn-s Iq-sS A--[-kXy-- Iq-Sn--e--v Xn-cn--dn-hv \-jv-S-s-Sp-I
kzm-`m-hn-I-am-Wv. Izp--B- I-gn-m- {]-am-Ww
_p-Jm-cn, ]n-s ap-kv-enw F-o {K---fm-sWv F--s\-tbm H-cp [m-c-W k-aq-l-n- I-Sp-Iq-Sn. a-Zv-l-_p-I-sf X-Izv-eo-Zv (A--am-b A\p-I-c-Ww) sN-p--Xv am-n _p-Jm-cn-sb-tbm apkv-en-an-s\-tbm X-Izv-eo-Zv sN-p-I-bm-Wv th--sXm-Wv Nn-e-cp-sS-sb-n-epw [m-c-W. b-Ym--Y-n, \-_n-N-cy Ip--a- co-Xn-bn- ]n--m-e-m-s-n-p-sIm-Sp-m--th-n B-bp-jv-m-ew sNe-h-gn--h-cm-Wv B a-l-p--. A-hp-c-sS Is--ep-I-fn-epw A-]m-I-X-I- kw-`-hn-mw. Fm- A-]m-I-X-sb--s\ I-s-m-sa-v A-h \-s ]-Tn-n-n-p-v. _p-Jm-cn-bpw ap-kv-en-apw
D--cn--h-bp--s-sS l-Zo-kp-I-fn- {]-am-W-tbmKy-a-m- Nn-e-Xp-v F-v I-s-n-b-Xpw alm-]-n-X-m- X-s-bm-Wv. A-h-cn- H-cm-fmWv B-[p-\n-I Im-e-v Po-hn- ssi-Jv \m-kzn-dpo- A--_m-\n. \n--`m-Ky-h-im- Cu A--_m\n-sb Nn-e- X-Izv-eo-Zv sNm Xp-S-n. A-_m\n-bp-tSXv A-h-km-\-hm-m-bn I-W-m-n A-h. X-Izv-eo-Zv Po-hn-X-n- \n-sm-gn-hm-n Izp-B-\n-s-bpw \-_n-N-cy-bp-sS-bpw ]m-X-bn-te-v IS-p-h--h-cn- \n-m-Wv Cu A-`n-\h X-Izv-eo-Zv
D-S-se-Sp-p--Xv.
Np-cp--n- \-_n-N-cy(-l-Zo-kv) \-p-sS cm-a-s {]-am-W-am-Wv. A-Xv t{Im-Uo-I-cn--s-Xv {]-hm-N-I hn-tbm-Km-\--c-am-b-Xn-\m-epw hnip- Izp--B-\n-s\-tm-se A-{]-am-Zn-Xzw A-Xns t{Im-Uo-I-c-W-n-\n-m--Xn-\m-epw A-Xn-
{]-_-e-am-b-Xpw Zp--_-e-am-b-Xpw I-t-mw. AXv th--Xn-cn-s-Sp-m-\p- am--K-n- ap-kv-enw
temI-n-s C-Pv-am-Av D-v. A-u-lo-Zv Cu
e--n-se I-h--tm-dn Cu hn-j-b-am-n-b-Xv
k---t`m-Nn-X-hpw {]-tbm-P-\{]Z-hpw B-hp-sa-v
{]-Xo-n-p-p.
"

P\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012

apJ-mgvN

]n apl- Zv Ip- t cn

\thm-m\ Nn
hgn-am-dp-Itbm?
tI

-c-f-n- ap-kv-enw k-aq-l-n- C-p {]-I-S-am-Ip- Cu

D-W--hpw ]p-tcm-K-Xn-bpw H-cp \q-m-p-Im-e-s ap-kv-enw \-thm-m\ {]-m-\-n-s {]-h---\ ^-e-am-Wv. hn-izm-k--B-Nm-c cw-K-fn-ep-m-bn-cp- Xn--I--s-Xn-cn- Cu {]-m-\-n-s \m-bI-m-cm-b ]-n-X-m- k-[o-cw t]m-cm-Sp-I-bpw hn-Zym-`ym-k-]-c- ambpw km-aq-ly--am-bpw D--_p--X t\-Sm- B-lzm-\w \-S-p-I-bpw
sN-bv-Xp. C-Xn-s ^-e-am-bn k-aq-lw F-m cw-K--fn-epw A-`n-hrn ssI-h-cn--tm- A-v {]-m-\-s \-J-in-Jm-w F-Xn--ncp--h- C-v X--fm-Wv \-thm-m-\w kr-jv-Sn--sX-v hm-Zn-p-Xn- A-p-X-s-Sm-\n-. Im-c-Ww A-Xv \n-e-\n-ev-]n-s {]-iv-\-am-Wv.
Cw-o-jn-s t\-sc i-{Xp-Xm `m-hw {]-I-Sn-n-n-cp--h-cp-sS ]n--Kman-I- {_n-o-jv hn-tcm-[-am-Wv A-Xn-s ]n-n-se- \ym-bw ]-d-bm \n--_-n-X-cm-bn.
hn-Zym-`ym-k cw-K-v ap-kv-enw kv-{Xo-bp-sS ap-t-w A-p-Xm-hl-am-Wv. ap-kv-enw kv-{Xo-v I-s-gp-v ]-Tn-n-m- ]m-Sn-s- X-fp-sS ap--Km-an-I- ]-d--Xv A-]-am-\-am-bn Im-Wp- ]p-Xn-b Xe-ap-d A-h- A--s\ ]-d--Xn-s\ C-p \n-tj-[n-p-I-bm-Wv. kv{Xo-bp-sS ]-n {]-th-i-s C-{X-bpw- Im-ew F-Xn--p-sh-n-epw
]-n-tbm-S-\p-_-n-v kv-{Xo-I--v \-a-kv-Im-c-ku-I-cyw G--s-Spm- \n-_nX-cm-bn. inv ]c-amb {]hr-n-I ]eXpw Cv \n-e-\n--m- {i-an-p--Xv A-Xv ]-e-cp-sS-bpw D-]-Po-h-\ am-K-hpw km--n-I h-cp-am-\-n-s i--am-b t{km-X-p-am-b-Xp-sImm-Wv. ]p-Xn-b X-e-ap-d-bp-sS ap-n- ]n-Sn-p-\n-ev-m- I-gn-bm-Xp-sIm-m-Wv Xu-lo-Zn-\v ]p-Xn-b hym-Jym-\w \-ev-In X--fp-sS in-v ]-c-am-b {]-h---\--sf-mw Xu-lo-Zm-bn hym-Jym-\n-m- {ian-p--Xv.
ap-kv-enw k-aq-lw s]m-Xp-sh \-thm-m-\ {]-m-\-n-s Bi-b--fn-te-v B-Ir-jv-S-cm-Ip- A-tX A-h-k-cw X-s Cu {]m-\-n-s ]n--Km-an-I-fn- ]q--hn-I- F-Xn--n-cp- B-i-b--v ]p-\--P-w \-ev-Ip- {]-h-W-X sh-p-]p-e--p- H-cp sN-dnb hn-`m-Kw D-b--p-h-cp--Xv A-t-b-w B-i-m-P-\-I-am-Wv. 1933
am--v 5mw Xn--Xn H-cp ]-n-X k-` ]m-m-n-b {]-ta-b-n- "BAu-loZv

! 6 !

P\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012

b-v l-Zo-kv a-p ap-A--am-b A-kv-am-Av C-h-sIm-v a-{w sN-epw D-dp-v F-gp-Xn-s--epw ]n-m-Ww F-gp-Xn-sm-Sp--epw shw, \q-ev ap-X-em-b-h a-{n-v sI--epw _p--Z Hm-Xn a-{n--epw'
a-Xm-\p-kr-X-am-sWpw C-h in--m-sW-p ]-d-bp--h- J-o-_v
Jm-Zn-m-\-n-\v sIm-m--h-cm-sW-pw Xo-cp-am-\n-p-p' F-v
tc-J-s-Sp-n-b-Xm-bn Im-Wmw. C-h-bp-am-bn _--s-v A-v \ne-hn-ep-m-bn-cp- A--hn-izm-k-- X-s-bm-Wv tlm-aw, D-gn-n, sN-Ip-m- Iq-S-, sN-Ip-m-t\-dv, C-f-In--d-b- _m-[-tbev-]n--, _m-[-bn-d--, Pn-v Iq-S-, Pn-v tk-h, I-W-v t\m-, {]-iv-\w sh--, am-c-Ww sN--, am-c-W-ap-n t\-S-, IqtSm-{Xw Xp-S-n-b-h-sb-mw. Pn-n-epw ssi-m-\n-ep-ap- A-hn-izm-k--fp-am-bn _--s--h-bm-Wv C-h-sb-mw Fv ]dbmw.
apkvenw \thm-m\ \mb-I-m AZr-iy-Im-cy-- A-m-lphn-\pw A-h- A-dn-bn-p sIm-Sp-p- {]-hm-N-I-m--pw am-{X-ta
A-dn-bp-I-bp-p-sh-pw, A-Zr-iy-am--K-n-eq-sS a-\p-jy-\v `u-Xn-Iam-bn D-]-{Z-hw sN-m- Pn-n-\pw ssi-m-\pw I-gn-hv sIm-Sp-nn-s-pw a-\p-jy-a-\-n- Zp-jv-Nn--I-fpw Zp--hn-Im-c--fpw kr-jvSn-v A-h-s\ h-gn-]n-g-n-p-I F- I-gn-hv am-{X-am-Wv ]n-im-Nn-\v Am-lp \-ev-In-bn-p--sX-pw P-\--sf ]-d-p t_m-[y-s-Sp-n.
Pn-v a-\p-jy-\n- Iq-Sp-sa-p-Xpw K--`- in-ip-hn-s\ X-n-sb-Spp-sa-p-ap--sX-mw X-\n A--hn-izm-k--fm-sW-pw A-h- in-bp-w hm-Zn-p. sN-Ip-m- _m-[, Pn-v Iq-S- Xp-S-n-b-hsb-mw Nn-e am-\-kn-I tcm-K--fm-sW-pw A-h- k-a--Yn-p. sshZy-im-kv-{X-]-c-hpw a-\-m-kv-{X-]-c-hpamb i-cn-bm-b Nn-In-m co-XnI- kzo-I-cn-m- A-h- B-lzm-\w sN-bv-Xp.
F-m- ap-kv-enw-I-fn- \-thm-m-\w kr-jv-Sn-m-\pw A--hnizm-k--fpw A-\m-Nm-c--fpw Zq-co-I-cn-m-\pw Xym-Kw sN-bv-X alm-]-n-X-cp-sS ]n--Km-an-I-fn- Nn-e- A-v \-thm-m-\ \m-bI-m-sc F-Xn--p k-aq-l-n- A--hn-izm-k-- D-d-n-p-\n-m- Hm-Xn-bn-cp- l-Zo-kp-I-sf-mw Hm-Xn B hn-izm-k---v
]p-\:kr-jv-Sn- \-ev-Im- {i-an-p-I-bm-Wv. ssi-Jp- A-kv-l- Xp-dp-]-d- H-cp k-Xyw C-hn-sS {i-n-t--Xp-v. ]q--h-Im-e ]n-X-m-cn- Nn-e- P-\---n-S-bn- {]-Nm-c-n-ep-m-bn-cp-
[m-c-W-I-fp-sS i-cn-sX-p-I- ]-cn-tim-[n-m-sX A-h-bp-sS a-X-hn[n-I- {]-kv-Xm-hn-n-p-v. A--s\-bm-Wv Pn-v a-\p-jy-kv-{Xo-bp-ambn ssew-Kn-I _-w ]p-e--p--Xm-bn _--s- hn-j-b--
A-h- N-- sN-bv-X-Xv. A--s\ Pn-pw a-\p-jy-kv-{Xo-bpw X-n _-w ]p-e--p-tam F Imcyw Ah ]cn-tim-[-\bvv hnt[b-amn bn-. l-Zo-kp-I-fp-sS Im-cy-n-epw C--s\ A-h-bp-sS kml-N-cy-- ]-cn-tim-[n-m-sX-bpw B-i-b-- i-cn-v {K-ln-msX-bpw P-\---n-S-bn- \n-e-hn-ep- hn-izm-k--fp-sS-bpw B-Nmc--fp-sS-bpw A-Sn-m-\-n- _m-ly-cq-]w am-{Xw ]-cm-a--in-v hymJym-\n--epw hn-[n-I-fpw X-Xz--fpw I-p-]n-Sn-p-epw \-S-n-p-v.
C-Xv Xn-cn--dn--h-cm-bn-cp-p \-thm-m-\ \m-b-I-m-. A-h--v
e-`n-m- H-cp ]p-Xn-b l-Zo-kv A-h-cp-sS ]n--Km-an-I--m--pw
e-`n-n-n-. A-Zr-iy-kr-jv-Sn-I-sf-bpw A-Zr-iy-am-b \n-e-v A-h a\p-jy--v sN-p- tZm-j--sf-bpw kw-_-n-v ln-p--fp-sS hnizm-k--fpw B-Nm-c--fpw ]-e-cpw ap-kv-enw-I-fn-te-v I-S-p-Iq-Snb-Xm-bn Im-Wmw. hy-Xym-kw t]-cp-I-fn- am-{Xw.
l-Zo-kp-I-sf sX-m-bn hym-Jym-\n-v Xu-lo-Zn-\v hn-cp--am-b Bi-b--fpw A--hn-izm-k--fpw {]-N-cn-n-p--Xn-s\-Xn-cn- Pm-{KX ]p-e--t--Xv A-\n-hm-cy-am-Wv.
#
Au-loZv

! 7 !

P\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012

Ip-I
]T-\mlw, ]t....
Au-loZv2011 \hw-_Un-kw-_ e-ns I
htmdn ]T-\ml-am-bn-cp-p. Xo{h-hm-Z-n-s cv
ssIh-gn-I hnh-cn--s-n-cn-p-p. aX-ns t]cn
Xo{h-hm-Zhpw `oI-c-{]-h-\-fpw \S-m {ianp
Hcp \yq\m\yq\-]--ns ZpjvsN-bvXn-I sam
w aX-hn-izmknIv Zpjvt]cp-m-p-p. Nne apkv
enw \ma-[m-cn-I sNp Btem-N\mcln-X-amb Imcy-fpsS t]cn Ckvemw aXhpw apkvenw kap-Zm-bhpw
{]Xn-q-n \n-s-SpI km[m-c-W-am-Wv. Fm aXhn-izm-kn-In-Sbnepw Ccw H-s {]h-\-
Dm-bn-sm-n-cn-p-p-v. Fm sNbvX-htcm B
tcm-]n--s-Sp--htcm apkvenw t]cphsc-n "Ckv
eman-I `o-Ic-X' F-v ]-d-m-t-]n-p- {]-h-W-XbmWv s]m-Xp-sh aoUn-b kzo-I-cn-n-cn-p-Xv. Cu-sbm-cp
k-ao-]-\-n-\v a-dp]-Sn \-Ip-I A-\n-hm-cy-amWv. Cu Zu
Xyw \n--h-ln-n-p-s-nepw A-u-loZv Du-nb-Xv Xo{h-hm-Z-n-s a-sm-cp ssIh-gn-bn-emWv. AY-hm a-X-`n-bp-sS t]-cn- a-Xm-N-c-W-n-se Xo-{h-\n-e-]mSpw ap-K-W-\m-{I-aw {i-n-m-sX A-\p-hm-Z-- A-\n-hm-cyX-bp-sS m-\w I-ev-]n-p- {]-h-W-Xbpw te-J-I-m-
Xpd-v Im-nb-Xv ]-T-\m--l-ambn.
aX-`-n-bpsS thj-n aX-Xo-{h-hmZw F F
A_vZp-emw kp-an-bpsS teJ\w "Aan-X-am-bm `
nbpw hnjw' F hkvXpX hnfn-tm-Xp-p. Izp-B\nsebpw \_n-N-cy-bn-sebpw Iev]\m\ntcm-[
-- , {]iv\ns Kuc-hhpw k`-ns {]m[m-\yhpw ap kmlN-cy-fpw Dt]m-Zv_-eI sXfn-hp-Ifpw hp-sIm-v, \nZm\-imkv{X]-n-X-m Am-bn- Xn-cn-n-p-v. \n_
w, \njn-w, sFOn-Iw, A\-`n-e-j-Wo-bw, A\p-h-Z\obw Fn-h-bm-W-Xv, (hm-Pn-_v, ldmw, apkvX-l-v, Idml-v, ap_m-lv). Fm aXm-N-c-W-n AXn-cp-I-hn
Nne Xo{h-a-\-n-Xn-m Chsb \n_-nepw
ldm-anepw HXp-n-bXv teJ-I tkmZm-l-cWw Nqnm-Wn-Xv \m-bn-p-v. hkvXpXI Xa-kvI-cn-psImtm Adn-hn-m-bva-sImtm Nne kp-mb
Imcy--fn \n_ Imcy--sf-tmse ISpw-]n-Spw
]nSn- p- - X p- a qew Ckv e m- a n- s \- sX- mbn a\- n- e m-

Au-loZv

! 8 !

mt\ AXv ]cym-]vX-am-Iq. Cu hI Imcy- hni-Zambn teJ-\-n {]Xn-]m-Zn-n-p-v.

Fm ]T-\ml-amb Cu hnjbw Ah-X-cn-n-p- ssienbnepw ]Z- {]tbm-Kn-p- coXnbnepw
teJ-I\v kqva-X-p-dhv kw`-hn-p-t]m-bn-psv ]dtb-n-bn-cn-p-p. DZm-l-c-W-n\v "Ipn Fgp-tev' F D]-ioj-I-n(t]Pv 21) Cs\ Im
Wmw: "\a-kvIm-c-n cm-as dIv-A-n-tepw \m
em-as dIv-A-n-tepw ap k`--fnepw Fgp-tevp-tm `qan-bn ssI hbvp-hm \ntZ-in-Xv
Zp_-e-amb lZo-knt]mepw ImWp-hm km[y-a'.
Cu ]cm-ai-n A]m-I-X-bp-v. \a-kvIm-c-n
kpPq-Zn \ns-gp-t-evp-tm XpS-ta ssI Dun
Imap-p-I-fn-embn Fgp-t-W-sav A_q-Zm-hqZv
627epw Ccp-nv Xd-bn ssI Dun Fgp-t-Wsav _pJmcn 781epw D-cn lZo-kp-I-fn hn-p-v.
(D--cWw lZokv kam-lmcw: \a-kvIm-cw). teJ--\-n
GsX-nepw `mKw hnp-t]mbn A-Sn-n-i-Ip-aqew hmIy-fn Ahy-X h-Xm-bn-cn-m\pw km[y-X-bp-v.
apjvSn-Np-cpn KpkvXn-]n-Sn-t-X
- n; ssI Xd-bntem XpSbntem Dun Fgp t evmw F a[y-a\n-e-]m-SmWv
icn-sbv tXmp-p.
AtX teJ-\-n (t]Pv 17) "bmsXmcp kppw
Rm A\p-jvTn-p-I-bn-sv {]hm-N-Is apJ-p-t\m
n ]d a\p-jy-s\-n \_n(-kz) {]Jym-]n-Xv Ah
A{]-Imcw sNbvXm kzK-n-em-sW-mWv' F
hmIyhpw Ahy--am-Wv. kp-p-I A\p-jvTn-mXncp-m kzKw Dd-m-sW sXmb kt-i-amWv hmb\-m-c\v CXn\nv e`n-p-I. am{X-a-, kp-p-I
A\p-jvTn-p-Xv kzK-{]-th-iw XSbp Imcy-am-sW
[z\n(-a^vlqw apJm-e-^)bpw B hmIy-n-e-S-n-bn-cnp-p. hkvXpX FmWv? Ckvem-an Xm \n_-ambpw sNbvXn-cn-t-- h Imcy--fp-aptm Fv
X\nv ]d-p-Xcq {]h-Nm-Itc' Fm-h-iy-s-p-h
Hcp km[m-c-W--c\v Ckvem-anse ASn-m-\-]-c-amb
\n_ Iam-\p-jvTm-\- \_n(-kz) ]Tn-n-p-sImSp-p. Xm CXn Hpw Iqp-Itbm Ipd-bvp-I tbm
sNn Fp]dv Xncn- p- t ]mb a\p- j ys B
mYX apnb hmp-Isfn-bmWv {]hm-N-I(-kz)
"Abm A{]-Imcw sNbvXm kzK-n-emsW'v ]d-Xv. \n_ A\p-jvTm-\-Ia- G-p-d-n Iq
SmsX BmY-ambn sNbvXm kzK-{]-th-i-n-\-Xpa-Xn. Fm sFn-I-amb [mcmfw Ia--fp-v. Ah
IqSn sNbvXp-sImv [mcmfw ]pWyw t\Sp-Ibpw kzKn D-X-m\w Ic--am-p-Ibpw sNmw. IqSmsX
a\p-jy-k-l-P-ambn hp-t]m-tb-m-hp sXp-Iv A
h {]mb-n--ambn \ne-sIm-p-Ibpw sNp-sa--XmWv
hkvXp-X. CXv hnip Izp-B-\nepw lZo-kp-I-f-nepw hy
XykvX Xc-n {]Xn-]m-Zn-Xpw apkvenw temIv
X-an-m--Xp-amb Imcy-am-Wv.
sFOn-Itam A`n-e-j-Wo-btam Bb Imcy--fn
ISpw-]n-Sp-hpw GsX-nepw kp-mb Imcyw sNm-Xns t]cn AXp sNm--hs\ A[a-Im-cn-bm
bn Nn{Xo-I-cn-p-Ibpw sNp Xo{h-hmZ kao-]\w Ckv
em-anIambn icn-bsv hni-Zo-I-cn-p-I-bmWv teJ-I
sNbvXn-p--Xv. AXv hmb-\-mv AXym-h-iyamb
Imcy-am-Wv. Fm ]d-bp hmIy--fnse AhyX
hmb-\-m-c-n s\K-ohv ^ew Df-hm-m-Xn-cn-m {in-W-sav DWp--Xn Akmw-K-Xy-an-sv Icp-Xpp. Bg-n hnj-b- ]Tn-m XXv]-c-cmb \nch[n hmb-\-m Au-lo-Zn-\psXv {]tXyIw {i
ml-am-Wv. Au-lo-Zn\pw AXn Fgp-Xn-sm-ncn-p BZ-c-Wob ]n-X-mpw A`n-\--\-
A_vZp--emw, D{K-]pcw

P\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012

Ihtmdn

kn A_vZpP-m

\_n-Ncy
Ckvem-anI {]amWw
hn-ip- Izp--B- k-aq-l-Po-hn-X-n-s k-hn-ti-j-am-b k---`---\p-k-cn-v Ip-td-s A-h-X-cn-n-p-I-bpw A-h-Xo--W-am-b-Xv {]hm-N-I- P-\--sf ]-Tn-n-p-I-bpw ]-Tn--Xv B k-aq-lw Po-hn-Xn- ]-I--p-I-bpw sN-p-I-bm-bn-cp-p. h-gn-Im-n-bm-b Cu {Kw A-h-X-c-Ww ]q--n-bm-Ip-tm-tg-v H-cp am-Xr-Im k-aq-lw {]hm-N-I-s Iq-sS cq-]-s-p-I-gn-n-cp-p. C--s\ H-cp hn--hw Ncn-{X-n- th-sd-bn-.

am

-\-h-k-aq-l-n-\v {k-jvSm-hmb A-m-lp A-h-X-cn-n- a-X-am-Wv

C-kv -emw. H-m-a-s a-\p-jy- apX- A-m-lp-hn-s am--K-\n--tZ-i-- A-\p-k-cn-m-Wv Po-hn-p-t]m-Xv. Im-ew sN-p-tm-dpw X-e-apd-I- am-dn-am-dn h--tm- A-h-cntesmw A-m-lp Zq-X-m-sc \ntbm-Kn-p, th-Z-{K-w \--In. AsX mw C-kv-emw X-s-bm-bn-cp-p.
A- n- a - { ]- h m- N - I - ap- l - - Z v \_n(kz) b
-- p-sS \n-tbm-K-tm-sS {]hm-N-I-Xz-n-\v k-am-]-Xn Ip-dn-p.
B {]-hm-N-I- ap-tJ-\ A-h-X-cn-n {K--am-Wv hn-ip- Izp--B-.
Cu {K-w A-na {K--a-t{X. ap--Im-e th-Z-{K---fn- \n-v hyXy-kv-X-am-bn Izp--B- tem-Im-hkm-\w h-sc \n-e-\n--p-sa-v Am- l p hm- K v - Z m- \ w sN- b v - X n- p- v .
""Xo---bm-bpw \m-am-Wv B D-Zv-t_m[-\w A-h-X-cn-n--Xv. Xo---bm-bpw
\mw A-Xn-s\ Im-p-kq-n-p-Xp-am-Wv.'' (15:9)
Au-loZv

! 9 !

C-\n-bp- a-\p-jy-cp-sS h-gn-Im-n-bpw Po-hn-Xn-s A-Sn-m-\ {]-am-W tc-J-bpw Cu {K-am-Wv. Xo---bm-bpw Cu-Izp--B- G--hpw i-cnbm-b-Xn-te-v h-gn Im-Wn-p-I-bpw k-Xv-I--a- {]-h--n-p- k-Xy-hn-izm-kn-I--v h-en-b
{]-Xn-^-e-ap-v F- kp-hn-ti-j-a-dn-bn-p-I-bpw
sN-p-p(17:19,20). a-\p-jy-sc, A-h-cp-sS c-n-Xmhn-s A-\p-a-Xn-{]-Im-cw, C-cp-p-I-fn- \n-v shfn--n-te-v sIm-p-h-cp-hm--th-n \n-\-v Ah-X-cn-n-p X-n-p- {K--am-Wn-Xv. (14:11). Npcp--n- hn-ip- Izp--B- tem-I-cp-sS h-gn-Imn-bpw {]-am-W-tc-J-bp-am-Wv.
hn-ip- Izp--B- F- {]-am-W-tc-J {]-hm-NI-v A-m-lp F-n-p-sIm-Sp-Xv N-cn-{X-n Xp-ey-X-bn-m- H-cp {]-tXy-I co-Xn-bn-em-Wv.
C-cp-]-n-aq-v h--jw-sIm-m-Wv A-Xn-s A-hX-c-Ww ]q--n-bm-b-Xv. F-gp-Xn ]q--n-bm-m-
Zo--L-Im-e-sa-Sp- \n-c-h-[n {K--- tem-I-Ncn-{X-n- F-m `m-j-I-fn-ep-ap-m-hpw. F-m-
hn-ip- Izp--B- k-aq-l-Po-hn-X-n-s k-hn-tij-am-b k---`----\p-k-cn-v Ip-td-s A-h-Xcn-n-p-I-bpw A-h-Xo--W-am-b-Xv {]-hm-N-I- P\--sf ]-Tn-n-p-I-bpw ]-Tn--Xv B k-aq-lw Pohn-X-n- ]-I--p-I-bpw sN-p-I-bm-bn-cp-p. h-

P\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012

{]-hm-N-I- X-\n-v A-h-X-cn-n-s- {K--n-s Po-hn-p- ]-Xnm-bn k-aq-l-n-s ap-n- F-gpt-p-\n-p. B Po-hn-Xw ]-I--n
H-cp P-\-X-Xn D-b--p-h-p. A-Xmb-Xv X-s \n-tbm-Kw ap-X- hn-tbmKw h-sc {]-hm-N-I- Izp--B- HmXn-sm-v ]-d-pw Im-Wn-pw \n-tZ in--pw hn-e-n-bpw k-aq-l-s
h-gn-Im-Wn-p. {]-hm-N-I-\v A-m-lp
\--In-b {K-w k-aq-l-n-\p- Hmw {]-am-W-hpw B {]-hm-N-I-s
Po-hn-Xw A-h--v c-mw {]-am-Whp-am-bn \n-e-sIm-p.
gn-Im-n-bm-b Cu {K-w A-h-X-c-Ww ]q--n-bmIp-tm-tg-v H-cp am-Xr-Im k-aq-lw {]-hm-N-I-s
Iq-sS cq-]-s-p-I-gn-n-cp-p. C--s\ H-cp hn-hw N-cn-{X-n- th-sd-bn-.
{]-hm-N-I- X-\n-v A-h-X-cn-n--s- {K-n-s Po-hn-p- ]-Xn-m-bn k-aq-l-n-s apn- F-gp-t-p-\n-p. B Po-hn-Xw ]-I--n Hcp P-\-X-Xn D-b--p-h-p. A-Xm-b-Xv X-s \n-tbmKw ap-X- hn-tbm-Kw h-sc {]-hm-N-I- Izp--B Hm-Xn-sm-v ]-d-pw Im-Wn-pw \n--tZ in-pw hn-e-n-bpw k-aq-l-s h-gn-Im-Wn-p. {]-hmN-I-\v A-m-lp \--In-b {K-w k-aq-l-n-\p H-mw {]-am-W-hpw B {]-hm-N-I-s Po-hn-Xw
A-h--v c-mw {]-am-W-hp-am-bn \n-e-sIm-p. {]hm-N-I-(-kz) hn-ip- Izp--B- hn-i-Zo-I-cn--Xv
X-n-jv-S-{]-Im-c-a-. Zn-hy-t_m-[-\-n-s A-Sn-B-\-n-em-bn-cp-p. ""A-t-lw X-n-jv-S-{]-Im-cw
kw-km-cn-p-n-. A-Xv A-t-l-n-\v Zn-hy-k-ti-am-bn \-ev-I-s-Sp- D-Zv-t_m-[-\w am-{X-am-Ip-p''
(53:3,4)
{]-hm-N-I-s Zu-Xy-\n--h-l-Ww Izp--B- Xs hn-h-cn-p-p. \-p-sS Zr-jv-Sm---(-h-N-\-) \n---v Hm-Xn-t--]n-p-X-cn-I-bpw \n-sf kw-kv-I-cn-p-I-bpw \n---v th-Z-hpw m\-hpw ]-Tn-n-p-X-cn-I-bpw \n---v A-dn-hn-m-Xv ]-Tn-n-p-X-cn-I-bpw sN-p-, \n--fp-sS Iq-n- \n-p-X-s-bp-f-f H-cp Zq-X-s\ \n--fn-tev \mw \n-tbm-Kn-p'' (2:151). A-td-_y- k-aq-ls {]-hm-N-I- kw-kv-I-cn--Xv Izp--B- hn-hcn-p-p. "A--c-m-\-an-m--h--n-S-bn- \nv X-s Zr-jv-Sm--- A-h--v hm-bn-p-tI-n-p-I-bpw A-h-sc kw-kv-I-cn-p-I-bpw A-h--v
th-Z-{K--hpw m-\-hpw ]-Tn-n-p-I-bpw sN-mAu-loZv

! 10 !

A-h-cn--\n-p-X-s-bp- H-cp Zq-X-s\ \n-tbmKn--h-\m-Ip-p A-h-. Xo---bm-bpw A-h- ap-v

hy--am-b h-gn-tI-Sn-em-bn-cp-p (62:2). th-Z-{K-w
]-Tn-n-p-sIm-v {]-hm-N-I- k-aq-l-s t\--hgn-v \-bn-p-I-bpw kw-kv-I-cn-p-I-bpw sN-p-Ibm-bn-cp-p. ""hy--am-b sX-fn-hp-I-fpw th-Z-{K--fp-am-bn(-A-h-sc \mw \n-tbm-Kn-p). \n-\-v \mw
D-Zv-t_m-[-\w A-h-X-cn-n-p-X-n-cn-p-p. P-\--m-bn A-h-X-cn-n--s--Xv \o A-h--v hn-hcn-p-sIm-Sp-m- th-n-bpw A-h- Nn-n-m-
th-n-bpw (16:44). Zq-X-s\ B- A-\p-k-cn-p-thm
A-h- A-m-lp-hn-s\ A-\p-k-cn-p (4:80).
ap-l--Zv \-_n-bp-sS Zu-Xyw a-p {]-hm-N-I-mcn- \n-v `n--am-bn, Im-em-Xn-h--n-bm-bn \n-esIm-p-p. {]-t_m-[n-X k-aq-l-n-\p am-{X-a-,
]n-ev-m-e-m--pw A-t-lw X-s-bm-Wv {]-hmN-I-\pw h-gn-Im-n-bpw. ""tem-I--v Im-cp-Wy-am-bn-m-sX \n-s \mw A-b-n-n-'' (21:107) ""\n-s
\mw a-\p-jy--m-I-am-\w kp-hn-ti-j-I-\pw Xm-oXp-Im-c\p-am-bn-m-Wv \n-tbm-Kn-n-p--Xv (34:28).
A-t-lw A-n-a Zq-X-\m-Wv -F-pw A-m-lp Ak-n-Kv-[-am-bn {]-Jym-]n-p-p (33:40)
C-{X-bpw kq-Nn-n--Xn- \n-v hn-ip- Izp-B- ssZ-hn-I-{K--sa- \n-e-bn- {]-am-W-am-ptm- X-s A-Xn-s ssZ-hn-I hn-i-Zo-I-c-W-amb {]-hm-N-I-N-cy-bpw Po-hn-X-{]-am-W-am-p-I F-Xv hn-izm-kn-I--v \n--_--am-sW-v a-\-nem-bn. Cu {]-hm-N-IN-cy-bm-Wv kp--v F--dnb-s-Sp--Xv. {]-hm-N-I- X-s Zu-Xy-]q--o-Ic-W-tm-sS, X-s hn-tbm-K-n-\p ap--]m-bn Cm-cyw A--Y-i--bv-n-S-an-m- hn-[w hn-h-cn-p.
"Rm- \n--fn- c-v Im-cy-- A-h-ti-jn-np-sIm-m-Wv hn-S-hm-p--Xv. A-h c-pw ap-dpsI ]n-Sn-p--]-w \n-- ]n-g-p-t]m-hp-I-bn. A-Y-hm A-m-lp-hn-s {K--hpw Fs N-cybpw (_p-Jm-cn). kz-lm-_n-I-fp-sS Po-hn-X-Im-ep-X-s C-Xv {]-tbm-Kn-p. ap-B-Zn(-d)s\ {]-hmN-I- b-a-\n-te-v {]-t_m-[-\ Zu-Xy-hp-am-bn Ab-bv-p-tm- \-_n B-cm-p. \o F--s\-bmWv P-\---n-S-bn- hn-[n I-ev-]n-p-I? ap-B-Zv:
A-m-lp-hn-s {K--a-\p-k-cn-v. \-_n: A-Xn- In-s-n-tem? ap-B-Zv: A-m-lp-hn-s Zq-X-s Ncy-b-\p-k-cn-v. \-_n: A-Xn-epw I-n-s-n-tem?
ap-B-Zv: Rm-s\-s _p-n-sIm-v K-th-j-Ww \S-pw. ap-B-Zn-s {]-Xn-I-c-Ww {]-hm-N-I- k-hm-Xv-a-\m Aw-Ko-I-cn-p.
A-tm- kp--v A-Y-hm \-_n-N-cy a-\p-jyh--K-n-\v c-m-a-s {]-am-W-am-sW- Im-cyn- Izp--B-\n-s ]n-p-W-bpw \-_n-bp-sS hni-Zo-I-c-W-hpw kz-lm-_-n-s C-Pv-am-Dw D-s--Yw.
F-m- Izp--B- A-m-lp-hn-s {]-tXy-I
Im-h-en- \-_n(-kz)-bp-sS Im-e-v X-s t{ImP\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012

Uo-I-cn--s-p. \-_n-N-cy-bmIs en-Jn-X-am-bn {]kn-o-I-cn--s--Xv {]-hm-N-I \n-tbm-K-n-\p-tij-am-Wv. {]-hm-N-I-\n- \n-v t\-cn-v C-kv-emw ]Tn- X-e-ap-d A-kv-X-an-p-Xp-S-n-b-tm- ]n-ev-me-m--v \-_n-N-cy \-jv-S-s-Sp-t]m-Im-Xn-cn-m-\mbn A-h k-am-l-cn-v F-gp-Xn kq-n-m- a-lmc-Y-m-cm-b ]-n-X-m- {i-an-p. ]-e-cp-sS-bpw
B-bp-jv-m-ew ap-gp-h- sN-e-h-gn-v N-cn-{X-n-
Xp-ey-X-bn-m--hn-[w A-[zm-\n-v \-_n-N-cy {K--fn- t{Im-Uo-I-cn--s-p. C-v \-p-sS ap-n l-Zo-kv {K--- F--dn-b-s-Sp- \-_n-Ncym k-am-lm-c-- e-`y-am-Wv. {]-hm-N-I-s Ime-n-\p-ti-jw c-v \q-m-p-I-gn-m-Wv l-Zo-kpI- ti-J-cn--Xv. A-Xp-sIm-p-X-s Hm-tcm lZo-kpw \-_n(-kz)-bn- \n-v G-Xv ]-c--c-bn-eq-sS(k-\-Zv) h-p F-v kq-v-a-am-bn I-s-m- apl-n-kp-I-(-l-Zo-kv ]-n-X-m-) A-\p-jv-Tn-
Xym-Kw hn-h-c-Wm-Xo-X-am-Wv. F-n-epw N-cn-{X-\ntbm-Kw t]m-se A-Xv \-S-p. B l-Zo-kv {K--fm-Wv C-v \mw {]-hm-N-I-N-cy a-\-n-em-m-
A-h-ew-_n-p--Xv.
l-Zo-kp-I- ]n-o-Sv t{Im-Uo-I-cn--Xm-b-Xn-\m A-h-bn- {]-hm-N-I- ]-d--Xm-Wv F-v Xo-p-]-d-bm- I-gn-bm--h I-S-p-Iq-Sn-bn-cn-m-
km-[y-X-bp-v. F-m- a-\p-jy I-gn-hn-s ]-c-amh-[n hn-\n-tbm-Kn-p-sIm-v l-Zo-kp-I- Ip--a-Xm-m- I-Tn-\-{i-aw \-S-n-p-v. l-Zo-kv \n-Zm\-im-kv-{Xw F- H-cp hn-m-\-im-J-X-s D-Sse-Sp-p. ]-e Xm-ev-]-cy-m-cpw X--fp-sS Cw-KnX-- \-_n-]-d-p F- te-_-en- C-kv-em-an A-h-X-cn-n-p- {]-h-W-X ]n--m-e-p-mbn-o--p. A-Xp-sIm-p-X-s l-Zo-kv ]-d-
B-fp-sS N-cn-{X-hpw ]-m--e-hpw ]q--W-am-bn ]T-\-hn-t[-b-am-n-bm-Wv A-h t{Im-Uo-I-cn--Xv. Atm- l-Zo-kp-I--v c-v `m-K-- Im-Wmw. Hv \-_n-N-cy hn-i-Zo-I-cn-p- hm-Iy-- A-Yhm a-Xv-\v F-v C-X-dn-b-s-Sp-p. c-v. B h-kvXp-X tc-J-s-Sp-p- {K--Im-c-\n-te-v (D-Zm
_p-Jm-cn) F-n-t-cp- am--Kw A-Y-hm k-\-Zv.
Ip--a- a-Xv-\pw k-\-Zpw D- l-Zo-kp-I-fm-Wv kzlo-lv F-v ]-d-bp--Xv. kz-lo-lm-b l-Zo-kp-I am-{X-ta {]-am-W-am-Ip. {]m-_-ey-n- G-pdhp l-Zo-kp-I-sf ap--Im-e ap-^-n-dp-I- hnhn-[-bn-\--fm-bn th--Xn-cn-p tc-J-s-Sp-n-bn-pv. {]-_-e-a-m--h s]m-Xp-hn- Zp--_-ew A-Yhm Z-Cu-^v F- t]-cn-e-dn-b-s-Sp-p. Cu C-\- hn-i-Z-am-bn a-sm-cp te-J-\-n- {]-Xn-]mZn-n-p-v.
\-_n-N-cy A-Y-hm l-Zo-kp-I-fp-sS h-kv-Xp-X ta-]-d--Xm-Wv. F-m- ap-kv-enw k-aq-l-n-
\-_n-N-cy kzo-I-cn-p--Xn- hy-Xy-kv-X \n-e-]mSp-I- Im-Wm- km-[n-pw. X--fp-sS hn-izm-kmNm-cm-\p-jv-Tm-\---v Izp--B-\n- \n-pw kpAu-loZv

! 11 !

l-Zo-kp-I--v c-v `m-K--

Im-Wmw. H-v \-_n-N-cy hn-i-ZoI-cn-p- hm-Iy-- A-Y-hm
a-Xv-\v F-v C-X-dn-b-s-Sp-p. cv. B h-kv-Xp-X tc-J-s-Sp-p {K--Im-c-\n-te-v (D-Zm _pJm-cn) F-n-t-cp- am--Kw AY-hm k-\-Zv. Ip--a- a-Xv-\pw k\-Zpw D- l-Zo-kp-I-fm-Wv kzlo-lv F-v ]-d-bp--Xv. kz-lolm-b l-Zo-kp-I- am-{X-ta {]am-W-am-Ip.
-n- \n-pw A-Sn-m-\w I-s-p--Xn-\p
]-I-cw Nn-e ]-n-X-m-sc A--am-bn A-\p-I-cnp- X-Izv-eo-Zv B-Wv A-Xn- H-cp \n-e-]m-Sv. Izp-B-\pw kp--pw R--v a-\-n-em-hn-; AXv a-\-n-em-n-b-h-sc X-Izv-eo-Zv sN-p-I-bm-Wv R- F-m-W-h-cp-sS hm-Zw. A-_q-l-\o-^, am-enIp-_v-\p A-\-kv, im-^n-Cu, A-lv-a-Zp-_v-\p l-_- Xp-S-n-b G-Xm-\pw ]-n-X-h-cy-cp-sS t]cn- a-Zv-l-_v B-tcm-]n-p-I-bpw B a-Zv-l-_p-I A-Y-hm A-h-cp-sS N-cy-I-fpw A-`n-{]m-b--fpw
]n--Xp-S-cp-I-bpw \-_n-N-cy ssI-sbm-gn-p-I-bpw
sN-bv-X A-Xy-w Kp-cp-X-c-am-b {]-h-W-X k-aq-ln- \n-e-\n-p. S-hool of thoughts F- t]-cn-
Cu hn-`m-K-- A-dn-s-p.
hn-ip- Izp--B- am-{X-am-Wv ssZ-hn-I-sa-pw
kp--v ]n-ev-m-e-v t{Im-Uo-I-cn--s- hymP-\n--an-X--fm-sW-pw A-Xn-\m- Izp--B- am{X-ta {]-am-W-am-bn Aw-Ko-I-cn-q F-pw ]-d-bp H-cp \yq-\-]-w ap-kv-enw-I-fn- X-s-bp-v.
{]m_eyhpw Zu--_-ey-hpw ]-cn-K-Wn-m-sX lZo-sk-v Im-Wp--Xn-s\-sb-mw hm-cn-p-W-cp-
{]-h-W-X-bpw Nn-e-tm- I-p-h-cp-p. hn-ip-
Izp--B-\n-s\-m- l-Zo-kp-I--v {]m-[m-\yw \-Ip-I-bpw l-Zo-kn-s B-i-b--fn-te-n-d-msX A--c-]q-P-I-cm-b Nn-e Xo-{h-\n-e-]m-Sp-Im-cpw
D-v. C-h-bv-s-m-n-\pw a-t[y A-lv-ep-p- h-P-am-A kzo-I-cn- b-Ym-Y \n-e-]m-Sv F-s-v
I-s-p-I-bpw Po-hn-Xw ]-c-am-h-[n Izp--B\n-\pw
\-_n-N-cy-bvpw A-\p-Kp-W-am-n-o--p-I-bpw
sN-p-I F--Xm-Wv ap-kv-enw-I--v I-c-Wo-bw.
C-Xp-X-s-bm-Wv b-Ym--Y k-e-^o am--K-hpw.
A-m-lp-th, \o R--sf In-Xm-_pw kp-pw A-\p-k-cn-v Po-hn-m-\pw hn-izm-k-tm-Spw
]-m-m-]-tm-Spw Iq-Sn Po-hn-Xw A-h-km-\n-nm-\pw A-\p-{K-ln-t-W-ta.
#
P\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012

Ihtmdn

Fw sF apl--Zen kpan

lZokv \ntj[ {]h-WX

- I
-
Izp--B-\n-s\-m-fpw F-Xn-cm-fn-I- hn-a--i--fpw B-tcm-]-W--fpw FbvX
- p-hn-X
- v l-Zo-kn-\p t\-sc-bm-Wv. Izp-B
- \
- n-s hn-iZ- o-Ic
- W
- h
- pw X-Z\
- pkm-cw Po-hn- {]-hm-N-I-s N-cy-bp-am-W-tm l-Zo-kv. A-Xn-s\ \n-cm-I-cnp-X
- n-eq-sS Izp-B
- \
- n-s\-bpw A-Xn-s kzm-[o-\s
- -bpw C-m-Xm-m I-gn-bp-sa-v i-{Xp-- a-\-n-em-n.

-kv-em-an-Im-Z--i-n-s au-enI {]- a m- W - - f m- b Izp- - B - \ n- s \bpw {]-hm-N-I-N-cy-sb-bpw \n-cm-I-cn

m\pw A-h-bv-s-Xn-sc Zp-cm-tcm-]W-- D--bn-m-\pw C-kv-em-ans F-Xn-cm-fn-I- F-m-Im-e-pw
Xo-{h-b-Xv-\w \-S-n-bn-p-v. ]-cn-ip Izp--B-\n-s\-p-dn-v I-hn-X-sbpw B-`n-Nm-c-sa-pw tPym-y-sapw A-h- B-tcm-]n-n-cp-p. Izp-B- ss_-_n-fn--\n-v tam-jv-Sns-Sp--Xm-sW-pw X-s bm-{X-Ifn- X-\n-v e-`y-am-b A-dn-hp-I-sf
Au-loZv

! 12 !

B-[m-c-am-n `m-h-\m-k---\m-b ap-l--Zv kz-bw

c-Nn--Xm-sW-pw a-pw C-pw B-tcm-]n-p--hcp-v.
Izp--B-\n-s\-m-fpw F-Xn-cm-fn-I- hn-a--i-fpw B-tcm-]-W--fpw F-bv-Xp-hn--Xv l-Zo-kn-\p
t\-sc-bm-Wv. Izp--B-\n-s hn-i-Zo-I-c-W-hpw X-Z\p-km-cw Po-hn- {]-hm-N-I-s N-cy-bp-am-W-tm
l-Zo-kv. A-Xn-s\ \n-cm-I-cn-p--Xn-eq-sS Izp--B\n-s\-bpw A-Xn-s kzm-[o-\-s-bpw C-m-Xmm- I-gn-bp-sa-v i-{Xp-- a-\-n-em-n. C-kvem-an-I i-co-A-n-se \n-b-a--fp-sS-bpw B-Nm-cm\p-jv-Tm-\--fp-sS-bpw kz-`m-h kw-kv-Im-c--fp-sSbpw A-aq-ey t{km-X-m-Wv \-_n-N-cy. A-Xn-s
P\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012

hn-e-bn-Sn-p--Xn-eq-sS C-kv-em-an-I-Z--i-\--fn-
\n-pw kw-kv-Im-c-n- \n-pw ap-kv-enw-I-sf IpSn-bn-d-m-sa-v C-kv-em-an-s ssh-cn-I- I-W-pIq-n. A--s\ ap-kv-enw-I-sf C-kv-em-an- \n-I-m-sa-pw X-- B-{K-ln-p-sIm-n-cn-p-
]-X-\-n-te-v A-h-sc X-n-hn-Sm-sa-pw Pq-Xcpw t]--jym-\p-`m-hw sh-p-]p-e--n-bn-cp--h-cpw
H-cp-t]m-se B-{K-ln-p.
{]-hm-N-I-t\m-Sv A-\-ev-]-am-b kv-t\-l-hpw BZ-c-hpw sh-p-]p-e--p- ap-kv-enw-k-ap-Zm-b-s
l-Zo-kv \n-tj-[-n-te-v \-bn-- Zp-jv-I-c-amsW-v i-{Xp---v A-dn-bm-am-bn-cp-p. l-Zo-kns\ {]-Xy--n- \n-cm-I-cn-m-sX X-s l-Zokn--\n-v k-ap-Zm-b-s A-I-m-\-h- X-{--
{]-tbm-Kn-p. Nn-e ap-kv-enw th-j-[m-cn-I-sf--s
A-Xn-\p-th-n l-Zo-kv \n-tj-[n-I- \n-tbm-Kn-p.
l-Zo-kv \n-th-Z-I-sc-p-dn-v A-]-hm-Z-- {]-N-cnn-p-sIm-v P-\-a-\-p-I-fn- l-Zo-kn-s\-p-dn-p a-Xn-v C-m-Xm-m- A-h- ]-cn-{i-an-p. A{]m-tbm-Kn-I-am-b \n-_--\-I- sh-p-sIm-v lZo-kp-I-sf C-m-Xm-m- Nn-e- ]-cn-{i-an-p. Ah-ew-_-\o-b-am-b l-Zo-kp-I-sfm-p-an-s- H-cp
[m-c-W ap-kv-enw-k-aq-l-n- h-f--n-sb-Sp-m\pw A-h- In-W-p-{i-an-p. {]-ap-J kz-lm-_nIfp-sS hn-izm-ky-X tNm-Zyw-sN-p--Xn-eq-sS l-Zo
kpI-sf-bpw Izp--B-\n-s\--s-bpw X-n--fbm-sa--h- I-W-p-Iq-n. Cu hn-`m-K--sf-pdnsm-cp hn-l-K-ho-W
- w k-
- t- `m-Nn-X-am-bn-cnpw.

io-A-I-fpw l-Zo-kv \n-cm-I-c-W-hpw

C-kv-em-an-I N-cn-{X-n-se Zp-c--]q--W-am-b
A-[ym-b-- kr-jv-Sn--Xn- G--hpw-Iq-Sp-X- `mK-`m-p-I-fm-b hn-`m-K-am-Wv io-A-I-. ap-kv-enw kap-Zm-b-a-t[y C-kv-em-an-\p hn-cp--am-b A--hn-izmk--fpw A-\m-Nm-c--fpw {]-N-cn-n--Xn-epw io.............................................................................

C-kv-em-an-I N-cn-{X-n-se Zpc--]q--W-am-b A-[ym-b--

kr-jv-Sn--Xn- G--hpw-Iq-Sp-X `m-K-`m-p-I-fm-b hn-`m-Kam-Wv io-A-I-. ap-kv-enw kap-Zm-b-a-t[y C-kv-em-an-\p hncp--am-b A--hn-izm-k-fpw A-\m-Nm-c--fpw {]-N-cnn--Xn-epw io-A-I- ap-Jy-]p-h-ln-n-p-v.
.............................................................................
Au-loZv

! 13 !

A-I- ap-Jy-]-p-h-ln-n-p-v.
C-kv-em-an-t\m-Sv ]-I-Xo--m-\p- Pq-X--t]-jy- Kq-Vm-tem-N-\-bp-sS k--Xn-bm-b io-B-Ck-n-\v _o-Pm-hm-]w \-S-n-b-Xv A-_v-Zp-m-ln_v-\p k-_-Av F- Pq-X-\m-bn-cp-p. _m-ly-ambn am-{Xw C-kv-emw kzo-I-cn- A-bm- H-pw Xma-kn-bm-sX X-s Kq-V-{]-h---\-- B-cw-`n-p.
C-kv-em-an-I cm-jv-{S-n-s `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bm-bn-cp D-kv-am-\n(d)s\-p-dn-v A-]-hm-Z-- {]-N-cnn-p-sIm-m-bn-cp-p A-bm- X-s Zp-jv-S-em-pI--v Xp-S--an--Xv. ap-kv-enw P-\-km-am-\y-s
{]-tXy-In-v ]p-cm-X-\ t]--jy- km-{am-Py {]-hniy-I-fn-se P-\--sf B-I--jn-m- th-n Aen-n-s(-d) A-]-Zm-\-- hm-gv-m-\pw A-bm-
a-d-p-t]m-bn-.
X-\n-p-ti-jw A-en-sb(-d) `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bm-W-sa-v \-_n-(kz) h-kzn--v sN-bv-Xn-p-spw A-Xn-s\ A-h-K-Wn-p-sIm-m-Wv A-_q-_Iv-dpw D-a-dpw D-kv-am-\pw(-d) `-c-Ww ssI-bm-fn-b-sXpw A-bm- B-tcm-]n-p. D-kv-am-\n-s(-d) `-c-Ws-bpw cm-jv-{So-b \o---sf-bpw am-{X-a- At-l-n-s B-cm-[-\-I-sf-bpw kz-`m-h a-ln-a-Isf-bpw Xm-d-Sn-m-\pw A-_v-Zp-m-ln-_v-\p k-_Dw A-bm-fp-sS A-\p-N-c-m-cpw a-Sn-Im-Wn-n-cp-n. Xm-a-kn-bm-sX A-h- a-Zo-\-bn- kw-L-Sn-p.
D--kv-am-s(-d) ho-Sv D-]-tcm-[n-p. Izp--B- ]m-cmbWw sN-bv-Xp-sIm-n-cp- J-eo-^-sb H-cp cm-{Xnbn- B-{I-an-p-I-bpw h-[n-p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp.
D-kv-am-(-d) h-[n--s- ti-jw A-en-m-Wv(d)C-kv-em-an-I cm-jv-{S-n-s t\-Xr-Xz-ta-s-Sp--Xv.
C-Xn-\n-S-bn- D-kv-am-s(-d) Lm-X-I--s-Xn-cn-
{]-Xn-{In-b \-S--W-sa-m-h-iy-s-p-sIm-v BC-i, kp-ss_-, Xz--l(-d) F-n-h-cp-sS t\-XrXz-n- H-cp kw-Lw ap-kv-enw-I- A-en-sb(-d)
k--ao-]n-p.
D-kv-am-\n(-d)s Lm-X-I--s-Xn-cn- s]-s-v
\-S-]-Sn-sb-Sp-p--Xv {]-iv-\w cq--am-Im- Im-cW-am-bn-o-cp-sa-v I-cp-Xn A-en(-d) A-Xn-\p hnk--Xn-p. {]-Xn-{In-b B-h-iy-s-v B-C-i(-d)bpsS t\-Xr-Xz-n- kw-L-Sn--h-cpw A-en(-d)-bp-sS
ssk-\y-hpw G-p-ap-n. C-Xm-Wv P-a- bp--sa-dn-b-s-Sp--Xv. ap-kv-enw-I- X-n-ep- kw-L-\---v \m-n-Ip-dn- P-a- kw-L--\-n- kpss_-, Xz--l D--s-sS [m-cm-fw t]- J-Uv-K--n-c-bm-bn. D-kv-am-s(d) h-[-hpw P-a- bp-hpw kn-dn-b-bn-se A-ao-dm-bn-cp- ap-B-hn-b-sbbpw kn-dn-b-m-sc-bpw {]-tIm-]n-X-cm-n. kw-`-h-fp-sS ]n-n- A-en-(d)bm-sW-v [-cn-p-I-bpw
A-h- A-t-l-n-s t\-Xr-Xz-s X-n--d-bpI-bpw A-t-l-hp-am-bn kzn-^o-\n- G-p-ap-p-Ibpw sN-bv-Xp.
J-hm-cn-Pp-I- A-en-sb(-d) sIm-e-s-Sp-n. Aen-bp-sS ]n--Km-an-bm-bn A-h-tcm-[n-X-\m-b ]p-{XP\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012

 l-k-(-d) kw-L--\-s sh-dp-p--h-\pw apkv-enw sF-Iy-n-s h-m-hp-am-bn-cp-p. A-tlw ap-B-hn-b-bp-am-bn c-Rv-Pn-n-em-hp-I-bpw ap-Bhn-b-v A-\p-k-c-W {]-Xn- \-ev-Ip-I-bpw sNbv-Xp.
ap-B-hn-b-bp-sS(-d) hn-tbm-K-ti-jw A-t-l-ns a-I- b-ko-Zv In-co-S-[m-cn-bm-bn. A-t-l-ns sN-bv-Xn-I-tfm-Sp- {]-Xn-tj-[w Im-c-Ww Aen-n-s(-d) a-sm-cp a-I-\m-bn-cp- lp-ssk-(-d)
b-ko-Zn-s\-Xn-sc hn--hm-lzm-\w \-S-n. I--_-ebn- sh-p-\-S- kw-L--\-n- lp-ssk-\pw(d)
Ip-Spw-_mw-K--fpw {Iq-c-am-bn h-[n--s-p.
C-kv-em-an-I N-cn-{X-n-se G--hpw Zm-cp-W-amb kw-`-h--fn-sem-m-bn-cp-p I--_-e-bn- Ac-t-dn-b-Xv. hm---tI- ap-kv-enw lr-Z-b--sfmw {h-Wn-X--fm-bn. b-ko-Zn-t\m-Sp- sh-dp-pw
hn-tZz-j-hpw Pz-en-m-\n-Xv C-S-bm-n. lp-ssks
(d)- c--n-\v A-a-hn-I-tfm-Sv ]-I-cw tNm-Zn-m\pw H-t-sd hn--h-Im-cn-I- cw-K-p-h-p. ^-etam [m-cm-fw ap-kv-enw-c-w Nn--s-p.
A-a-hn `-c-W-Iq-S-n-s-Xn-sc-bp- P-\-hn-Imcw X----\p-Iq-e-am-n am-m- io-A-I- ]-cn{i-an-p. A-cm-P-I-Xzw ap-X-se-Sp-v C-kv-em-an-\p
hn-cp--am-b hn-izm-k--fpw B-Z--i--fpw {]-N-cnn-m-\pw A-h- {i-an-p. C-Xn-se-mw A-h- H-cf-hp-h-sc hn-P-bn-p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp.
\-_n(k)-bp-sS Ip-Spw-_-tm-Sp- kv-t\-ln-s a-d-hn- A-_q-_-Iv-, D-a-, D-kv-am-(d)
F-o J-eo-^-am-cp--s-sS-bp- kz-lm-_n-I-sf
io-A-I- ]m-]n-I-fpw A-[n-Im-c-sm-Xn-b-m-cp-ambn Nn-{Xo-I-cn-p. A-en-sb-bpw(-d) Ip-Spw-_-sbpw Ip-dn-v A-Xn-i-tbm-n-bp- I-Y-I-fpw Ah- {]-N-cn-n-n-cp-p.
]n--m-e-v io-A-I- hn-hn-[ I-n-I-fm-bn
`n-n-p. A-en(-d) ssZ-h-amsWv Nne. {]-hm-NI-Xz-n-\v b-Ym--Y A-h-Im-in A-t-l-am-bn-cp-p.
ap-l--Zv(-kz) A-Xv X-{-n- ssI-h-i-s-Sp-nb-Xm-Wv F-v hm-Zn-p- dm-^n-fo hn-`m-Kw ap-X an-X-hm-Zn-I-fm-b ssk-Zn-bm-- h-sc io-A-Ifm-Wv. ""io-A-p C-kv -\m A-i-cn-'' F--dn-b-sSp- "C-am-an-'I-fm-Wv A-h-cn-se {]-_-e hn-`m-Kw.
C--s C-dm-\n-se `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I- D--s-sSbp--h- C-h-cn--s-Sp-p. C-dm-\n- B-b-p-m
Jp-ssa-\n m-]n- C-kv-em-an-I `-c-W-Iq-S-s Ckv-em-an-I \-thm-m-\ {]-m-\-- X-n--d-bm\pw hn-a--in-m-\pw t{]-c-I-am-b-Xv C-am-an- ioA-I-fp-sS C-kv-emw hn-cp--hm-Z--fm-bn-cp-p.
C-kv-em-an-I cm-jv-{S-n-s t\-Xr-Xzw A-enpw(-d)- k-m-\---pw \--Im- \-_n(kz) Iev-]n-n-p-s-v A-h- hm-Zn-p-p. X--fp-sS t\Xm--fm-b C-am-ap-I- a-e-p-I-sf-m-fpw {]-hmN-I-m-sc-m-fpw t{i-jv-T-cpw ]m-]-kp-c-n-X-cp-amWv. A-Xn-\m- \-_n-am-sc-sb- t]m-se io-Cu Au-loZv

! 14 !

C-am-ap-I-sf \n-cp-]m-[n-Iw A-\p-k-cn-t--Xm-Wv

F-pw A-h- {]-N-cn-n-p-p. C-am-ap-I-fp-sS-bpw]p-Wy-hm-f-m-cp-sS-bpw J-_-dn-S-- sI-n-sm-nb-Xpw A-hn-Sw D--h--d-p-I--v k-am-\-am-nb-Xpw C-h-cm-bn-cp-p.
A-_q-_-Iv-, D-a-, D-kv-am-, B-C-i, A-_qlp-d-bv-d(-d) Xp-S-n-b-h-sc-bpw A-h-sc B-Z-cn-p-h-sc-bpw io-A-I- B-t-]n-p-p. A-h-cn-eqsS \n-th-Z-\w sN--s- l-Zo-kp-I- A-h- \ncm-I-cn-p-p. am-{X-a- \-_n(kz)-tbm-Sv k-l-h-kn D--a-cm-b kz-lm-_n-h-cy-m-sc A-h-tl-fn-m\m-bn hym-P-l-Zo-kp-I- ]-S-p-hn-Sp--Xn-epw ioA-I- ap--]-n-bn-em-bn-cp-p.

l-Zo-kv \n-tj-[-hpw J-hm-cn-Pp-I-fpw

D-kv-am-s(-d) h-[w C-kv-em-an-I Km-{X-n-teev-]n- ap-dn-hv A-Km-[-am-bn-cp-p. ]n-o-Sp-m-b Fm On-{Z-X-I--pw A-Xv aq-e-Im-c-W-am-bn-o-p. D-kv-am-\n-\v(d)-ti-jw `-c-W-km-c-Yyw G-s-Sp A-en(-d)bp-sS Im-e-m-Wv P-a- bp--hpw
kzn-^v-^o- bp--hpw kw-`-hn--Xv. P-a- bp--n B-C-i, kp-ss_-, Xz--l(-d) Xp-S-n-b {]ap-J kz-lm-_n-I- A-en-n-s\-Xn-sc(-d) A-Wn-\nc-p-sh-n- kzn-^v-^o-\n- ap-B-hn-b B-bn-cp-p
A-t-l-n-s {]-Xn-tbm-Kn.
kzn-^v-^o- bp--am-bn-cp-p Iq-Sp-X- c-sm-cn-n-en-\v C-S-bm-n-b-Xv. bp--n- C-cp-`mK-p \n-pw [m-cm-fwt]- sIm--s-p. A-Xn-\nsS k-n-p-th-n-bp- ap-d-hn-fn-bp-b--p. C-cp
hn-`m-K-hpw k-n-sN-m- k--Xn-p. a-[y--msc \n--bn-p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. bp-w A-h-km-\np. A-tm-g-Xm A-en-n-s(-d)- tk-\-bn--\n-v Hcp ]p-Xn-b hn-`m-Kw cw-K-p-h-cp-p. ]-cn-ip- Izp-B-\n-se "C-\n- lp-Iv-ap C-m-en-m-lv'(hn-[n-I-Xr-Xzw A-m-lp-hn-\v am-{Xw) F- h-N-\-n-s
a-d-]n-Sn-m-Wv ]p-Xn-b I-n-bp-sS D--hw. hn-[n
A-m-lp-hn-\v am-{X-am-Wv. J-eo-^ B-cm-bn-cn--Wsa- {]-iv-\w Xo-cp-am-\n-m- a-[y--sc k-ao]n--Xn-eq-sS- A-en-bpw ap-B-hn-b-bpw Im-^n-dp-Ifm-bn-cn-p-p. A-h-sc A-\p-Iq-en-p--h-cpw Ahn-izm-kn-I-fm-Wv. A-h-cp-sS c--hpw k--pw
ssI-t-d- A-\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-Wv F-n-h-sbm-s
Xp-S--p-h- hm-Z--fm-Wv.
C-kv-em-an-I N-cn-{X-n-se Xo-{h-hn-`m-K-am-bn Adn-b-s-Sp- J-hm-cn-Pp-I-fp-sS B-hn--`m-hw C-s\-bm-bn-cp-p. Izp--B- Zp--hym-Jym-\n-p-I am{X-a- l-Zo-kv \n-tj-[-n-\v A-Sn--d ]m-Ip-I IqSn- sN-m- J-hm-cn-Pp-I- [r-jv-S-cm-bn. \-_n-bn(-kz)\n-v l-Zo-kp-I- D--cn- _-lp-`q-cn-`m-Kw
kz-lm-_n-am-sc-bpw Im-^n-dp-I-fm-n-b J-hm-cn-PpI- A-h-cp-sS l-Zo-kp-I- X-n--f-bp-I-bpw
sN-bv-Xp. "D-kv-am-s Im-e-s hn-hm-Z-- D-Sse-Sp-p--Xn-\p ap-v kz-lm-_n-I-sf-mw \o-XnP\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012

am-m-cm-bn-cp-p. ]-t ]n-o-S-h- A-{I-an-I-fmbn-o--p. A-Xn-\m- D-kv-am-, A-en, Xz--l,

kp-ss_-, B-C-i(-d) Xp-S-n-b-h-cpw P-a--bp-n- ]-s-Sp--h-cpw kzn-^v-^o-\n-se a-[y-m-cpw, A-h-sc A-\p-Iq-en--h-cp-sa-mw Im-^n-dpI-fm-Wv. A-Xn-\m- A-h-cp-sS l-Zo-kp-I-sfm-pw
X-s kzo-Im-cy-a-' -C-Xm-bn-cp-p J-hm-cn-Pp-Ifp-sS hm-Zw.
Np-cp-n--d-m- io-A-I-fpw J-hm-cn-Pp-I-fpw
l-Zo-kn-s\ ]q--W-am-bn \n-cm-I-cn-p-n-s-n-epw
A-h-cp-sS hn-cp--hm-Z--fp-sS ^-e-am-bn {]-ap-J-cmb kz-lm-_n-I- dn-tm--v sN-bv-X l-Zo-kp-I-sfsb-mw A-h- X-n--f-p. A-Xn-\m- l-Zokv \n-cm-I-c-W-n-s B-Zy-Im-e hn-[m-Xm--fmbn io-A-I-sf-bpw J-hm-cn-Pp-I-sf-bpw \-ap-v IW-m-m-hp--Xm-Wv.

.............................................................................

ap-A-v X-kn-en-I-fpw l-Zo-kv \n-tj-[-hpw

ln-Pv-dm-_v-Zw c-pw aq-pw i-X-I--fn- C-kvem-an-I-tem-I-v b-h-\ X-Xz-im-kv-{X-hpw C-y-
^n-tem-k-^n-bpw {]-Np-c-{]-Nm-cw t\-Sn. A-h-bp-sS
a-d-]n-Sn-p-sIm-v ss{I-kv-X-h-cpw Pq-X-cpw \n-coiz-c-hm-Zn-I-fpw C-kv-em-an-\p-t\-sc Zp-cm-tcm-]-W- A-gn-p-hn-p. A-h-sb {]-Xn-tcm-[n--W-sa-n-
_p-n-]-c-am-b sX-fn-hp-I- X-s I-p-]n-Sn-W-sa-v _p-n-Po-hn-I-fm-b ]-e ap-kv-enw-I-fpw {Kln-p. _p-n-bp-sS-bpw X-Xz-im-kv-{X-n-s-bpw
tc-J-I-fp-am-bn C-kv-em-an-s\ t\-cn--h-sc [n-j-Wbp-sS {]-Im-i-n-X-s J-Wv-Un-m- X-m-dmb Nn--I-m- ap-kv-enw-tem-I-v {i-t-b-cm-bn.
Zu--`m-Ky-I-c-sa-p ]-d-b-s, C-kv-em-an-s\ imkv-{Xo-b a-X-am-bn A-h-X-cn-n-m-\p- hy-{K-X-bn [n-j-Wm-im-en-I- C-kv-em-an-Im-Z--i--sf-bpw
Izp--B-\n-I h-N-\--sf-bpw ]-e-tm-gpw Zp--hymJym-\n-p. A-Xn-s\-Xn-sc {]-Xn-I-cn- ]-Wv-Un-Xt{i-j-T-sc `-c-W-Iq-S-n-s k-lm-b-tm-sS a-Zn-sm-Xp-m-\pw A-h- {i-an-p. X--fp-sS Bi-b-- A-Sn-t-ev-]n-m-\p- A-h-cp-sS {i-aw
A-h-sc ap-kv-enw _-lp-P-\--fn- \n--I-n. A-s\-bm-W-h- {I-ta-W "ap-A-v X-kn-en-I-' A-Yhm H--s--h-cm-bn-o---Xv.
ap-A-v X-kn-en-I- B-`y--c ssi-Yn-ey--fp-sS
^-e-am-bn hn-hn-[ hn-`m-K--fm-bn-o--p. Hm-tcmcp---pw {]-tXy-I Nn-m-k-c-Wn-I-fp-m-hp-Ibpw B-Z--i--fp-m-bn-o-cp-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. lZo-kn-t\m-Sp- k-ao-]-\-n- ap-A-vX-kn-en-I-fn-se
hn-hn-[ hn-`m-K-- hn-]-co-X Zn-i-I-fn- k--cnp--Xm-bn Im-Wmw. A-B-ap-Zn Nq-n-m-WnXp-t]m-se H-cm- am-{Xw \n-th-Z-\w-sN-bv-X l-Zokp-I-sf kzo-I-cn-p--Xpw _p-n-bp-sS tX--amsW-v hm-Zn- A-_p--lp-ssk-\n- _-kz-cn-bpw
A-\p-bm-bn-I-fpw ap-A-vX-kn-en-I-fm-Wv. F-m- A_q-_-Iv- Pp-_m-bn-bp-sS ho--Ww C-Xn-\p t\-

.............................................................................

Au-loZv

! 15 !

l-Zo-kp-I-fp-sS {]-Y-a \n-th-Z-I-cm-b

kz-lm-_n-Is
- f Ip-dn-p- "ap-AvX
- k
- nep-I-fp-sS' ]-c-kv-]-c hn-cp---fm-b
k-ao-]-\--fm-Wv l-Zo-kp-I-fp-sS Imcy-n-epw A-hc
- p-sS \n-e]
- m-Sp-Is
- f hncp---fm-n-b-Xv. ap-A-vX-kn-en-I-fpsS P-\b
- n-Xm-sh-v hn-ti-jn-n-m-hp-bm-fm-Wv hm-kzn-ep-_v\
- p A-Xzm-Av.
A-t-l-n-s ho--W {]-Im-cw Pa-b
- p-
- n- ]-s-Sp-h
- c
- n- H-cphn-`m-Kw Zp--am--Kn-I-fm-Wv.

sc hn-]-co-X-am-bn-cp-p. G-I \n-th-Z-I-s \n-thZ-\w Xn-c-kv-I-cn--em-Wv _p-n-bp-sS hn-[n-sb-v

A-t-lw hm-Zn-p. ap-A-v X-kn-en-I-fn- s]- \n-fman- hn-`m-Kw B-Xy-n-I-am-bn A-]-I-S-I-c-am-b BZ--i-am-Wv sh-p-]p-e--n-b-Xv. a-p- ap-kv-enw-I-sfmw Zr-V-m-\w \-ev-Ip-sa-v {]-kv-Xm-hn- "apX-hm-Xn-dm-b' l-Zo-kp-I-t]m-epw hym-P--fm-hmsa-pw A-h- sX-fn-h-s-pw A-h- hm-Zn-p.
l-Zo-kp-I-fp-sS {]-Y-a \n-th-Z-I-cm-b kz-lm-_nI-sf Ip-dn-p- "ap-A-v X-kn-ep-I-fp-sS' ]-c-kv-]-c
hn-cp---fm-b k-ao-]-\--fm-Wv l-Zo-kp-I-fp-sS
Im-cy-n-epw A-h-cp-sS \n-e-]m-Sp-I-sf hn-cp--fm-n-b-Xv. ap-A-vX-kn-en-I-fp-sS P-\-bn-Xm-sh-v hnti-jn-n-m-hp--bm-fm-Wv hm-kzn-ep-_v-\p A-XzmAv. A-t-l-n-s ho--W {]-Im-cw P-a--bp-n- ]-s-Sp--h-cn- H-cp-hn-`m-Kw Zp--am--Kn-Ifm-Wv. A-Xn-\m- c-p hn-`m-K-n- s]--h- Hn-v km-yw h-ln-m- A-Xv kzo-Im-cy-a-. Imc-Ww A-h-cn- H-cm- '^m-kn-Izm'(Zp--am--Kn)sW-Xn- k-t-l-an--s{X. F-m- H-cp hn-`m-K-nse X-s c-pt]- km-yw h-ln-m- A-Xv
kzo-Im-cy-am-Wv. Im-c-Ww A-h-cn- Zp--am--Kn-I-fptm F- Im-cyw kp-\n-n-X-a-. ap-A-v X-kn-enI-fp-sS a-sm-cp t\-Xm-hm-bn-cp- Aw-dp-_v-\p Dss_-Zn-s hm-Z-a-\p-k-cn-v P-a- bp--n- ]s-Sp- C-cp-`m-K-p--h-cpw Zp--am--Kn-I-fm-Wv.
A-Xn-\m- A-h-cp-sS km-y-hpw kzo-Im-cy-a-. apA-v-X-kn-en-I-fn- s]- \n-fm-an-s hm-Zw ap-I-fn-
kq-Nn-n--h-sb-m- Kp-cp-X-c-am-Wv. kz-lm-_n-Isf-mw A-bm-fp-sS hm-Z-{]-Im-cw I-]-S-m-cpw hnh-cw-sI--h-cpw \-c-Im-h-Im-in-I-fp-am-Wv! (A-m-lphn- i-c-Ww)
kz-lm-_n-I-sf-p-dn-p- ho--W ssh-cp-[y---\p-k-cn-v l-Zo-kn-t\m-Sp- k-ao-]-\-nP\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012

epw A-h--n-S-bn- A--c-ap-m-bn. A-h-cn- Nne- kz-lm-_n-I-fp-sS l-Zo-kp-I- H-pw kzo-I-cnm--h-cm-sW-n- a-p-Nn-e- Nn-e-sX-mw kzoI-cn-p-p. Nn-e-cm-I-s "B-lm-Zm-b' l-Zo-kp-Isf \n-cm-I-cn-p--h-cm-sW-n- a-p-Nn-e- ap-X-hmXn-dp-I-sf t]m-epw Aw-Ko-I-cn-m--h-cm-Wv.
Np-cp-n--d-m- J-hm-cn-Pp-I-, io-A-I-,
ap-A-v X-kn-en-I- Xp-S-n-b-h- sam--n- kzlm-_n-I-fp-sS k-Xy-k--X-sb tNm-Zyw-sN-p-h-cm-Wv. hn-i-Zmw-i--fn- A-h--n-S-bn- A-c-ap-s--Xn- kw-i-b-an-. J-hm-cn-Pp-I-fpw ap-AvX-kn-en-I-fn-sem-cp hn-`m-K-hpw G-Xm-s-m kz-lm_n-I-sf-bpw Zp--am--Kn-I-fpw A-[--a-Im-cn-I-fp-ambn Im-Wp-p. A-Xn-\m- A-h-cp-sS-sbm-pw lZo-kp-I- kzo-I-cn-m-dn-. l-Zo-kp-I-fp-sS _-lp`q-cn-`m-K-hpw Cu hm-Z-n-eq-sS Xn-c-kv-I-c-Wo-bam-bn-o-cp-p.

Hm-dn-b--en-p-I-fp-sS Ip-X-{--
C-kv-em-an-s B-hn--`m-h-Im-ew ap-X- A-Xnt\m-Sv A-S-m- I-gn-bm- ]-I-bpw hn-tZz-j-hpw
Pq-X-m- sh-p-]p-e--n. A-h-cp-sS i-{Xp-X-sbp-dn-pw C-kv-em-an-I k-aq-l-n-epw cm-jv-{S--nepw On-{Z-X-bpw A-cm-P-I-Xz-hpw D-m-m- Ah- \-S-n-b ]-cn-{i-a--sf-p-dn-pw \mw hn-h-cnp. Pq-X-m-cp-sS i-{Xp-X-sb-m- H-pw Ip-d-h-m ssh-cw {In-kv-Xob ]p-tcm-ln-X-m-cpw cm-jv{S-t\-Xm--fpw C-kv-em-an-t\m-Sv sh-p-]p-e--n-bncp-p. tb-ip-hn-s Zn-hy-Xz-s C-kv-emw \n-cm-Icn--Xpw {In-kv-Xy- ]u-tcm-ln-Xy-s hn-a--in-Xpw B-Z--i-cw-K-v C-kv-em-an-t\m-S-h--v hn-tZzj- a p- m- n. ]p- t cm- l n- X - m- c p- s S B- i o- - h mZtm-sS tdm-am km-{am-Py-n-se `-c-Wm-[n-Imcn-I- A-h-cp-sS {]-P-I-sf Nq-j-Ww sN-bv-Xn-cpp. Cu-Pn-]v-Xv, kn-dn-b, ^-e-kv-Xo-, tPm--Zm-
Xp-S-n-b {]-tZ-i--fn-se P-\-- ]m-c-X-{yn-s-bpw a--Z-\--fp-sS-bpw Zp-cn-X--b-n-
s]-p-g-ep-I-bm-bn-cp-p. G-I-ssZ-h-hn-izm-k-ns-bpw a-\p-jy-hn-tam-N-\-n-s-bpw k-t-i-hpam-bn A-td-_y-bn- C-kv-emw D-Z-bw-sN-bv-X-tm tdm-am-km-{am-Py-n-epw A-Xn-s A-\p--c-W-\-fp-m-bn.
ln-dm-n-b-kv N-{I-h--n-sb C-kv-em-an-te-v
-Wn-p-sIm-v \-_n(kz) Zq-X-s\ \n-tbm-Kn-p.
\-_n-(kz)bp-sS k-t-iw k-Xy-am-sW-v t_m-[ys- cm-Pm-hv C-kv-em-an-s\ ]-cm-Pb
-- -s-Sp-m- Hcm--pw km-[y-a-s- Im-cyw {K-ln-p. ]p-tcmlnX-cpw `-c-W-t\-Xm--fp-a-S-p- k-Z-n- cm-Pmh-Xv Xp-d-p-]-d-bp-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. ]-t ]p-tcmln-X-m-cp-sS i--am-b F-Xn--n-\p ap-n- cmPm-hv X-s a-\-m-n-sb h-n-m- \n--_-nX-\m-bn. ]n-o-Sv C-kv-em-an-s\-Xn-sc ssk-\n-I \ow \-S-m- tdm-am-km-{am-Pyw [m--jv-Syw Im-WnAu-loZv

! 16 !

p. \-_n-bp-sS(kz) Im-e-v "ap-Av-X' bp--n ap-kv-enw--tdm-am kw-L--\-n-\p \m-n-Ip-dn-p.

]n-o-Sv A-_q-_-Iv-dn-s(d) Im-e-v Xp-S--
t]m-cm--- D-a-dn-s-(-d) Im-e-m-Wv A-h-km-\n- X v . Jm- e n- Z v - _ v - \ p- h- e o- Z n(- d )s- b pw A- _ q- D ss_-Z A-P-dm-ln(-d)-s-bpw t\-Xr-Xz-n-ep-
ap-kv-enw-tk-\-bp-sS ap-]n- A-h- A-Sn-b-d-hv ]d-p. {In-kv-Xm-_v-Zw G-gmw i-X-I-n-em-Wv AXp kw-`-hn--Xv. A-Xn-\-Sp- \q-m-n- X-e-m\-am-b tIm--m--dn-t\m-n-fn-s ]-cm-P-b-tmsS ]u-c-kv-Xy tdm-am km-{am-Py-n-s ]-X-\w ]q-n-bm-bn. tdm-am-km-{am-Py-n-s ]-X-\w A-hnS-s a--Zn-X-P-\-X-bv-v B-\--hpw B-izm-k-hpw
{]-Zm-\w-sN-bv-Xp. km-{am-Py-Xz-n-s X-W-en- ]mh-s--h-cp-sS-bpw I--j-I-cp-sS-bpw c-w Du-n-pSn-n-cp--h--v C-kv-em-an-t\m-Sp- sh-dp-pw hntZz-j-hpw h--[n-m-\p-a-Xv C-S-h-cp-n. ssZ-h-n\pw a-\p-jy--p-an-S-bn-ep- a-[y-h--n-I-fm-bn hne-kn-bn-cp- ]p-tcm-ln-X-m--m-bn-cp-p C-kv-eman-t\m-Sv G--hpw Iq-Sp-X- i-{Xp-X-bp-m-bn-cp-Xv.
]-t X--fp-sS B-bp-jv-Im-e-v ssk-\n-Iam-bn C-kv-em-an-s\ ]-cm-P-b-s-Sp-m-\m-hn-s-v
A-h--v D-d-p-m-bn-cp-p. ssi-Xy-Im-e-pw Djv-W-Im-e-pw C-kv-em-an-I cm-jv-{S-n-s A-Xncp-I-fn- B-{I-a-Ww \-S-n A-Xn-s i-n-v
tIm-w X-n-bn-p-tm F--h- C-Sv-n-sS ]-cn-tim[n-m-dp-m-bn-cp-p. B-bp-[-n-s ap-n- AP--am-b C-kv-em-an-s\ B-Z--iwsIm-pw t\-cn-Sm\m-hn-s-v A-h---dn-bm-am-bn-cp-p. A-Xn-\m-
Pq-X-cp-sS-bpw t]--jy- A-h-in-jv-S--fp-sS-bpw hgn-sb--s {In-kv-Xo-b ]p-tcm-ln-X-cpw k--cn
p. C-kv-em-an-s\-p-dn-v Ip-{]-N-m-c-W-- \-S-phm-\pw ap-kv-enw k-aq-l-s in-Yn-e-am-m-\pw Ah- b-Xv-\n-p. C-kv-em-an-t\m-Sp- hn-tZz-jw X-eap-d-I--v ]-I--p sIm-Sp-m-\pw A-h- [r-jv-Scm-bn.
A--s\ C-kv-em-an-t\m-Sp- A-S-m- hn-tZzj-n-em-Wv bq-tdm-]y- k-aq-l-- Du-n-sb-Sp-s--Xv. A-h-k-cw e-`n--tm-sg-mw hn-[zw-kI {]-h---\-- A-gn-p-hn-n-cp- C-kv-em-an-s
i-{Xp-- {In. 1096 a-[y-]u-c-kv-Xy tZ-i-tv H-cp "hn-ip--bp-w' X-s \-bn-p. A--s
am--m--bp-sS Xn-cp-I-ev-]-\{]-Im-cw bq-tdm-n-se
`-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-fp-sS-bpw ]p-tcm-ln-X-m-cp-sS-bpw
t\-Xr-Xz-n- \-S- kw-lm-c-Xm-Wv-U-h-am-Wv "Ipcn-ip-bp-w' F- Hm-a-\-t-cn- N-cn-{X-n- Adn-b-s-Sp--Xv. c-p \q-m-tm-fw C-kv-em-an-I
tem-I-v A-[n-\n-th-iw \-S-n-b "Ip-cn-ip t]mcm-fn-I-' \-S-n-b a-\p-jy-Xz-c-ln-X {Iq-c-X-I-
N-cn-{X-n-se I-dp- A-[ym-b--fm-Wv. {In-kv-Xm_v-Zw 1270 lq-o-\n-sh-v kp--Xzm- kz-emlp-o- A-q-_n(d)bp-sS t\-Xr-Xz-n- ap-kv-enwtk-\ \-S-n-b N-cn-{X-{]-kn--am-b t]m-cm-w bqP\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012

..............................................................................................................................................

C-kv-em-an-s\ A-m-U-an-Iv X-e-n- ]-Tn--ti-jw A-Xn-s\ hn-I-e-ambn A-h-X-cn-n-m-\p- Cu {i-a-am-Wv "Hm-dn-b--en-kw' F- t]-cn-
A-dn-b-s--Xv. X--fp-sS e-y-{]m-]v-Xn-p th-n hn-]p-e-am-b kw-hn[m-\--fm-Wv Hm-dn-b--en-p-I- H-cp-n-b-Xv. B-Z--i-]-c-am-bn C-kv-eman-\p ap-]n- ]-cm-P-b-s- {In-kv-Xo-b N--p-I-fpw B-bp-[wsIm-v
tXm-ev-]n-m-\m-hn-s-v a-\-n-em-n-b bq-tdm-]y- `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Ifpw Hm-dn-b--en-k-n-s h-f---p-th-n H-sm-cp-an-p.
..............................................................................................................................................

tdm-]y-cp-sS In-cm-X-hm-gv-N-v A-yw Ip-dn-p.

Xu-lo-Zn-s-bpw Cu-am-\n-s-bpw {]-`-bn- shn-n-f-p- ap-kv-enw k-aq-l-s B-bp-[w sImv A-[n-I-Im-ew A-Sn--a--m- km-[y-a-s-v
bq-tdm-n-\v a-\-n-em-bn. A-Xn-\m- ap-kv-enw-I-fpsS B-Z--im-Sn--d-I- X-I--m-\p- Ip-n-X
{i-a--fn- A-h- hym-]r-X-cm-bn. Pq-X-cpw t]--jym-cpw A-h-cp-sS ]n-Wn-bm-fp-I-fm-b io-A-I-fpw
J-hm-cn-Pp-I-fpw ap-A-v X-kn-ep-I-fp-sam-s hn-k-Pn- a-en-\ ]-Zm--Y--sf \-ho-\ te-_-ep-I-fn-
A-h-X-cn-n-m-\p- {i-a-- A-h- Xp-S--p-sImn-cp-p.
B-[p-\n-I bq-tdm-n-s im-kv-{X t\---fp-sSbpw hn-m-\--fp-sS-bp-sa-mw D--hw kv-s]-bn\n- \n-m-bn-cp-p. \q-m-p-I-tfm-fw A-hn-sS {]tim-`n- C-ke
-v m-an-Ikw-kI
-v m-cw A-Xn-s\ hn-m-\n-s I-e-h-d-bm-n-bn-cp-p. A-hn-sS ssh-Zy-imkv-{X-n-epw tKm-f-im-kv-{X-n-epw C-X-c im-kv{X-im-J-I-fn-epw K-th-j-Ww \-S-n-b hn-Zym--YnI-sf A-d-_v--C-kv-em-an-I kw-kv-Im-c-n-s Hu-Xyw l-Tm-Zm-I--jn-p. bq-tdm-n-se _p-n-Pohn-I-fn- C-kv-em-an-s\ Ip-dn-v h-f--p-sIm-n-cp a-Xn-v ss{I-kv-X-h-k-`-I-sf-bpw a-Xm-[y--msc-bpw sX-sm-p-a- D-Xv-I-Wv-Tm-Ip-e-cm-n-b-Xv.
_u-n-I-X-e-n- C-kv-em-an-s\ t\-cn-Sm-\p-
kw-cw-`--fp-sS B-h-iy-I-X A-h--v X-s t_m[y-s-p. A-d-_v- C-kv-em-an-Im-i-b--sf i-cn-bmwh-w a-\-n-em-n-bm-e-m-sX A-Xn-s\ hn-I-e-ambn A-h-X-cn-n-m- km-[y-am-hn-s-v A-h- {Kln-p. A-Xn-\m- A-d-_v--C-kv-em-an-I Ir-Xn-I-fpsS ]-T-\-n-\v A-h- Xm-a-kn-bm-sX I-em-e-b- m-]n-p. C-kv-em-an-s\ A-m-U-an-Iv X-e-n ]-Tn--ti-jw A-Xn-s\ hn-I-e-am-bn A-h-X-cn-nm-\p- Cu {i-a-am-Wv "Hm-dn-b--en-kw' F- t]cn- A-dn-b-s--Xv.
X--fp-sS e-y-{]m-]v-Xn-p th-n hn-]p-e-amb kw-hn-[m-\--fm-Wv Hm-dn-b--en-p-I- H-cp-nb-Xv. B-Z--i-]-c-am-bn C-kv-em-an-\p ap-]n- ]-cmP-b-s- {In-kv-Xo-b N--p-I-fpw B-bp-[wsIm-v
tXm-ev-]n-m-\m-hn-s-v a-\-n-em-n-b bq-tdm-]y `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-fpw Hm-dn-b--en-k-n-s h-f--p-th-n H-sm-cp-an-p. bq-tdm-n- C-kv-emw
Au-loZv

! 17 !

{]-N-cn-p--Xv X-S-bn-Sm-\pw ap-kv-enw-I-sf sX-nm-c-W-bn- ho-gv-m-\pw Hm-dn-b--en-p-I- H-tck-a-bw b-Xv-\n-p. ]-{X-am-kn-I-I-, td-Un-tbm, Snhn Xp-S-n-b am-[y-a-- C-Xn-\p-]-tbm-K-s-Spn. Hm-Iv-kv-t^m--Uv, tIw-{_n-Uv-Pv, F-Un--_-Kv Xp-S-n-b k--h-I-em-im-e-I-fn- am-{X-a-, Atd-_y-bn-se I-em-im-e-I-fn- h-sc A-[ym-]-\w \S-n-bn-cp--Xv Hm-dn-b--en-p-I-fm-bn-cp-p.
C-kv-em-an-s au-en-I {]-am-W--fn- kw-i-bap-m-p-I, l-Zo-kn-s\ \n-cm-I-cn-p-I, k--cn-Xcm-b kz-lm-_n-I- ap-X-ep- l-Zo-kv \n-th-Z-IcpsS k-Xy-k--X-bn- kw-i-b-ap-m-p-I. {]m-amWn-I-cm-b ]-Wv-Un-X in-tcm-a-Wn-I-sf A-]-l-knp-I, C-kv-em-an-s kmw-kv-Im-cn-I--\m-K-cn-I aqey--sf A-h-a-Xn-p-I Xp-S-n-b Ip-X-{--
Hm-dn-b--en-p-I-fp-sS ap-J-ap-{Z-bm-Wv. Cu e-y
km-m-Xv-Im-c-n-\m-bn A-h- H-t-sd {K-- c-Nn-n-p-v. sI--Xv Iv-dmw-Kn-s "Z Im- Hm^v an-\m-d-v-kv', F-v. B- ln-n-s "ap-l--Z-\nkw' `--aw-Km-hn-s " sse-^v Hm-^v ap-l--Zv' Hmdn-b--en-p-I-fp-sS a-l-Zv Kp-cp-hm-b-dn-b-s-Sp- PqX-\m-b tKm--Uv kn-l-dn-s C-kv-em-an-I ]-T-\w,
hn-izm-k-hpw C-kv-em-an-I i-co-A-pw Xp-S-n-bh hn-j-en-]v-X-am-b C-kv-emw hn-a--i-\-Ir-Xn-I-fn-
Nn-e-Xm-Wv.
bq-tdm-n-se _p-n-Po-hn-I-sf-bpw hn-Zym--Yn-Isf-bpw C-kv-em-an- \n-v X-S-bp-I, A-d-_v \m-SpI-fn-se hn-m-\m--Yn-I-fn-epw bp-hm--fn-epw _pn-Po-hn-I-fn-epw C-kv-em-an-s\-p-dn-v sX-n-m-cW-I-fpw kw-i-b--fpw D-o-]n-n-p-I F-n-h-bmWv Hm-dn-b--en-p-I-fp-sS {]-[m-\ e-y--.
Hm-dn-b--en-p-I--v X--fp-sS e-y--fn-semw H-c-f-hp-h-sc hn-P-bn-m- km-[y-am-bn-p-s-Xn- kw-i-b-an-. G-Xm-s-m ap-kv-enw k-aql--fn-epw Im-W-s-Sp- tam-tU-Wn-p-I-fpw lZo-kv \n-tj-[n-I-fpw Hm-dn-b--en-k-n-s kr-jvSn-I-f-m-sX a-sm-p-a-.

tam-tU-Wn-p-I-fp-sS Ip-X-{--
Pq-X-m-, t]--jy-m-, tdm-a- `-c-W-Iq-S-fp-sS kv-Xp-Xn-]m-T-I-, ss{I-kv-X-h ]p-tcm-ln-X-
Xp-S-n-b-h--v C-kv-em-an-t\m-Sp- ssh-c-hpw hnP\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012

tZz-j-hpw B-g-n-ep--Xm-bn-cp-p. B-Z--i-cw-Kpw ssk-\n-I-am-bpw A-h- ap-kv-enw-I-tfm-Sv Gp-ap-n. c-n-S-pw A-h- ]-cm-P-b-n-s I-bv]p-\o- Ip-Sn-p.
ap-kv-enw-I-sf X--fp-sS B-Z--i--fn--\n-pw
au-en-I {]-am-W--fn--\n-pw hy-Xn-N-en-n-m-em-sX C-kv-em-an-s\ ]-cm-P-b-s-Sp-m-\m-hn-s-v
A-h- a-\-n-em-n. A-Xn-\p-th-n Pq-X--ss{I-kvX-h hn-`m-K
-
- H-b
- m-bpw Iq-a
- m-bpw {]-h
-
- n-p.
]-cn-ip- Izp--B-\n--\n-v ap-kv-enw-I-sf AI-n-\n--- Zp-jv-I-c-am-bn A-h- I-p. A-Xn-\m Izp--B-\n-s hn-i-Zo-I-c-W-hpw C-kv-em-an-I Bcm-[-\m-\p-jv-Tm-\--fp-sS-bpw kw-kv-Im-c-n-sbpw B-[m-c-in-e-bp-am-b \-_n-N-cy-bp-am-bp- apkv-enw-I-fp-sS _-w hn-t-Zn-m-\p- D-]-Pm-]-fn- A-h-tc--s-p. l-Zo-kp-am-bp- _-w
hn-t-Zn-n-m-\p- G--hpw e-fn-X-am-b am--Kw Ah- I-s-n. C-kv-em-an-s h-f---bn-epw hn-Pb-n-epw {]-Nm-c-W-n-epw A-aq-ey kw-`m-h-\-If--n--h-sc A-h-a-Xn--em-bn-cp-p A-Xv. \-_ntbm-Sv(-kz) k-l-h--n-n-cp- A-\p-N-c-m--v
ap-kv-enw P-\-lr-Z-b--fn-ep- kv-t\-lm-Z-c-hp-I-
C-m-bv-a sN-p--Xn- hn-P-bn-m- \-_n-N-cy-bpam-bp- ap-kv-enw-I-fp-sS _-w ap-dn-m-s\-fp-am-Wv. Im-c-Ww {]-hm-N-I-s A-\p-bm-bn-I-fm-Wtm A-hn-Sp-s N-cy ]n--Km-an-I--v ]-I--Xv.
A-h- A-hn-iz-kv-X-cpw Zp--am--Kn-I-fpw am--K-{`wiw kw-`-hn--h-cpw I-]-S-m-cp-am-sW-n- A-h-cneq-sS e-`y-am-b l-Zo-kp-I-fp-sS A-h--sb-m-bncn-pw? A-Xn-\m- l-Zo-kp-I- [m-cm-fw D--cn-
kz-lm-_n-I-fpw tc-J-s-Sp-n-b ]-n-X-m-cp-amWv Iq-Sp-X- B-tcm-]-W hn-a--i
-- --v hn-t[-bcm-b-Xv.
kz-lm-_n-I-sf B-t-]n-p--Xn- Pq-X-cpw
ss{I-kv-X-h-cpw A-Xn-cp-I-S-n-cp-p. am-{X-a- Ah-cp-sS hm-Z-K-Xn-I-sf A--Sn hn-gp-p- hn-`m-Ksf ap-kv-enw k-ap-Zm-b-n- \n-p-m-p--Xn-epw
A-h- h-P-bn-p. io-A-I-, J-hm-cn-Pp-I-, ap-AvX-kn-en-I- Xp-S-n-b-h- C-h-bn- {]-[m-\n-I-fmWv. C-h-sc-mw D--bn- Zp-cm-tcm-]-W--sf H-cp
am- e -bn-se--h-w tIm--p-I-bpw im-kv-{X-ns-bpw [n-j-W-bp-sS-bpw Nm-b-a-Sn-v A-h-sb Ae--cn-p-I-bpw sN-bv-X {]-m-\-am-Wv Hm-dn-b-en-kw. Hm-dn-b--en-p-I-fpw X--fp-sS ap--Km-anI-sf-tm-se ap-kv-enw \m-a-[m-cn-I-fn- \n-v {]-Nmc-I-sc I-s-m- {i-an-p.
ap-kv-enw-tem-I-s X--fp-sS ssI-n-Sn-bn-semXp-m- X-w]m--n-cn-p- km-{am-Py-Xz-i-nI-fpw A-m-cm-jv-{S X-e-n-ep- Pq-X--ss{I-kvX-h _p-n-Po-hn-I-fp-am-Wv Hm-dn-b--en-k's \p-]n-Sn-n-p-I-bpw h-f--n-sb-Sp-p-I-bpw sN-bvX-Xv. hn-tizm--c--fm-b tIw-{_n-Uv-Pv, Hm-Iv-kvt^m--Uv, F-Un--_--Kv Xp-S-n-b k--h-I-em-imAu-loZv

! 18 !

e-I- Hm-dn-b--en-k-n-s h-f--p-sXm-n-ep-Ifm-bn-cp-p. A-hn-S--fn-se-mw A-d-_v--C-kv-em-anI kw-kv-Im-c--sf-p-dn-p- ]-T-\-n-\v {]-tXyI ^m---n-I-fpw h-Ip-p-I-fp-ap-m-bn-cp-p. D-X-hn-Zym-`ym-k-n-s a-d-]n-Sn-v C-kv-emw hn-cpm-i-b--fm-Wv A--cw I-em-im-e-I-fn- A-`ykn-n-n-cp--Xv. A-hn-S--fn-te-v A-d-_v tem-Is _p-n-km-a--Yy-ap- hn-Zym--Yn-I-sf B-I-jn-m- F-m- X-{--fpw Hm-dn-b--en-p-I-
H-cp-n-bn-cn-p-p. A-hn-S--fn--\n-v ]-T-\w Ign-v C-d-n-b-h- A-h--W-cm-b km-bn-p-am-cmbn. Cw-o-jp-Im-c-s `m-j-bpw h-kv-{X-[m-c-W-coXn-bpw D-]-Nm-c--fpw kw-kv-Im-c-hpw A-gn-m-hp-sa-mw A-d-_v hn-Zym--Yn-I- B-th-i-]q--hw
A-\p-I-cn-p. C-kv-em-an-s\-p-dn-pw l-Zo-kp-I-sfp-dn-p-sa-mw Hm-dn-b--en-p-I-fm-b X--fp-sS
A-[ym-]-I- Hm-Xn-sm-Sp--sX-mw A-h- A-Sn hn-iz-kn-p. X--fp-sS \m-Sp-I-fn-se I-em-ime-I-fn-epw bq-Wn-th-gv-kn-n-I-fn-ep-sa-mw X--sbtm-se A-X-h- G-p-]m-Sn. A--s\-bm-Wv CuPn-]v-jy- k-aq-l-n- ap-l--Zv A-ao-\pw Izmknw A-ao-\pw A-_q-d--bp-sa-mw D-S-se-Sp--Xv.
Hm-dn-b--en-k-n-s B-I--j-W h-e-b-n-emb-h- \-_n-N-cy-bp-sS ta- A-t\-Iw B-tcm-]-W- f p- - b n- p. im- k v - { Xo- b m- t cm- ] - W - n- s - b pw
_p-n-]q--hm-t\z-j-W-n-s-bpw ta--hn-em-kn- A-h- \-_n-N-cy-sb B-{I-an-p.
io-A-I-fpw ap-Av-X-kn-en-I-fpw Hm-dn-b--en-pI-fpw F-gp-Xn-q-n-b hm-tdm-e-I-sf B-[m-c-am-nbm-Wv tam-tU-Wn-p-I- X--fp-sS l-Zo-kv-hn-cpt]m-cm--- kw-L-Sn-n--Xv. X--fp-sS \n-c-c ]-cn-{i-a--fp-sS-bpw Zo--L-Im-e ]-T-\-K-th-j-W-fp-sS-bpw ^-ea
- m-sW-v A-h
- ho-n-f
- m-dp-sn-epw A-h-sb-mw A-\p-I-c-W-- am-{X-am-Wv.
A-d-_v tem-I-v l-Zo-kn-s\-Xn-sc B-{I-a-Whp-am-bn cw-K-p-h- A-lv-a-Zv A-ao- ^-Pv-dp-
C-kv-em-an- ]-d--Xpw A-_q-d- "A-Zzv-hm-D- Ae--p--n- ap-l--Zn-'bn- F-gp-Xn-b-Xp-sa-mw
A-\p-I-c-W-- am-{X-am-Wv. A-h-sb-mw Pq-X-\mb tKm--Uv kn-l- F-gp-Xn-b A- A-Jo-Z-p
h--co-A, ]p-tcm-ln-X-\m-b C-_v-dm-low eq-tmbp-sS A- a-ko-ln--p ^n- C-kv-emw Xp-S-nb Ir-Xn-I-fn--\n-v ]-I--n F-gp-Xn-b-h am-{Xam-Wv. F-m- X--fp-sS Kp-cp--fm-sc-tm X- A-h-ew-_n- {K---tf-sX-tm Xp-d-p]-d-bm- ap-kv-enw tam-tU-Wn-p-I-sfm-pw X-mdm-hm-dn-.
C-sX-mw X--fp-sS Zo--L-Im-e K-th-j-W ]T-\--fn-eq-sS I-s-n-b-Xm-sW-v s]-cp-a ]-dbm-\m-Wv A-h- {i-an-m-dp--Xv. X--fp-sS I-\m-W-bw Xn-cn--dn-bm-Xn-cn-m-\pw X-- A-kmam-\y K-th-j-W-]-Sp--fm-sW-v hn-iz-kn-n-m\pw th-n-bm-Wv A-h- Cu Ip-X-{w {]-tbm-KnP\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012

p--Xv. 1360- C-amw kp-lv-cn-sb-p-dn-v A-

A-kv-l-dn- H-cp hn-hm-Z-ap-m-bn. A-v tUm. Aen-l-k- A-_v-Zp--Izm-Zn-dn-t\m-Sv tUm. A-lv-a-Zv
A-ao- C-{]-Im-cw ]-d-p: A- A-kv-l- hnm-\-]-c-am-b A-`n-{]m-b kzm-X-{y-s A-\pIq-en-p-n-. A-Xp-sIm-v Hm-dn-b--en-p-I-fp-sS
A-`n-{]m-b--fn- Xm---p \-m-bn tXm-p-Xv {]-N-cn-n-m-\p- am--Kw C-Xm-Wv: A-h Bcp-tS-Xm-sW-p Xp-d-p-]-d-bm-sX Xm--fp-sS kzw h-I-bm-sW- \n-e-bv-v X-n-hn-Sp-I. s]-s-v
A-h- C-f-In-h-cm-Xn-cn----h-w A-Xn-\v H-cp
e-Lp-th-jw A-Wn-bn--p-I-bpw sN-p-I. C--s\bm-Wv Rm- "^-P-v dp--C-kv-em-an-epw' "Zzp-l- Ckv-em-an'epw sN-bv-Xn-cn-p--Xv.''
tam-tU-Wn-p hn-a--i-I-cn- A-ev-]w am-\y-X
]p-e--p- tZ-l-am-Wv A-lv-a-Zv A-ao-. A-t-ln-s t]m-epw co-Xn-im-kv-{Xw C-Xm-sW-n- ap--h-cp-tS-Xv ]-d-tb- Im-cy-ap-tm?! kz-lm-_nI-sf-bpw l-Zo-kp ]-n-X-m-sc-bpw h-f-sc tami-am-b ssi-en-bn- B-t-]n-p-I-bpw Ip--sSp-p-I-bpw sN-p-I-bm-Wv A-h-cp-sS kz-`m-hw.
Cu-Pn-]v-Xn-se tam-tU-Wn-m-bn-cp- A-_q-d- apX- tI-c-f-n-se ta-tU-Wn-p-I- h-sc-bp-h-cp-sS A-h--bm-Wn-Xv.
A-h-cp-sS Ir-Xn-I-fpw K-th-j-W--fp-sa-mw iIm-c--fp-sS-bpw ]-cn-lm-k--fp-sS-bpw sX-dn-I-fpsS-bpw tI-fo-cw-K-am-Wv. ssh-m-\n-I ]-T-\-K-thj-W--fp-sS A-b-e-p-t]m-epw F-m- A-h
F-m Ir-{Xn-a--fp-sS-bpw kw-K-a--fm-Wv. {]-apJ Ir-Xn-I-fn--\n-v D--cn-p-tm- A-h-bn- X-fp-sS h-I-bm-bn Ip-sd -Iq-n-t--p-I, D--h
hn-p-I-f-bp-I, ]-n-X-m-cp-sS t]-cn- I-f-hv sIn--a-bv-p-I, {K---fn- C-m--Im-cyw D-v
F-v I-f-hv ]-d-bp-I, ]-n-X-m-cp-sS hm-p-I-v A-h-cp-t-in-m- hym-Jym-\w \-ev-Ip-I XpS-n-b F-m Xn-cn-a-dn-I-fpw tam-tU-Wn-p-I- \S-m-dp-v. a-X-t_m-[-tam ssZ-h-`-b-tam e-tbm C-m--h--v tN-cm--Xv F-p-v! (\-_nN-cy-bpw C-kv-emw i-co-A-n- A-Xn-s m-\hpw: tUm. ap-kv-X-^m kzn-_m-Cu- ]-cn-`m-j, apl--Zv A-am-\n, t]-Pv 192)

C-kz-v-em-lo {]-m-\-hpw \-_n-N-cy-bpw

G-I-tZ-iw H-cp \q-m-p ap-]v tI-c-f ap-kv-enw
Ifp-sS n-Xn s]m-Xp-hn- h-f-sc Z-b-\o-b-am-bncp-p. hn-Zym-`ym-k- km-aq-ln-I-kmw-kv-Im-cn-I cwK--fn-sem-s a-p k-aq-l--sf A-t]-n-v F{X-tbm ]n-n-em-bn-cp-p. F-m- A-Xn-s\-m ]-cn-Xm-]-I-c-am-bn-cp-p A-h-cp-sS a-X-cw-Kw. Ipsd \m-m-Nm-c--fpw G-Xm-\pw am-e-m-p-I-fpw hnhm-lw, a-c-Ww Xp-S-n-b-h-tbm-Sp _--s- ]ptcm-ln-X-{]-[m-\-am-b Nn-e I--a--fpw am-{X-am-bncp-p a-Xm-Nm-c--.
Au-loZv

! 19 !

A--m-lp-hn-s {K--hpw \-_n-N-cy-bp-am-Wv Ckv-em-an-s {]-am-W--- F-v _-lp-`q-cn-`m-Kw apkv-enw-I---p-a-dn-bn-m-bn-cp-p. 19mw \q-m-n-s
A-h-km-\-n- tI-c-f--c-bn- H--s- \n-e-bnepw 20mw \q-m-n-s ]q--hm--[-n- kw-LSnX-am-bpw {]-h--n-m- Xp-S-n-b C-kz-v-em-lo {]h---I-cpw ]-Wv-Un-X-m-cpw P-\--sf C-m-cyw
t_m-[y-s-Sp-m-\p- h-en-b {i-a-- X-s \S-n. Izp--B-\n-s B-i-bw ]-Tn-m-\pw Po-hnXw
A-Xn--\p-k-cn-v Nn--s-Sp-m-\pw A-h- P-\-sf D-Zv-t_m-[n-n-p. \m-n-ep-S-\o-fw Izp--B- mkp-I- kw-L-Sn-n-pw Izp--B- ]-T-\-tI-{- m-]n-pw Izp--B- ]-cn-`m-j-I- {]-kn-oI-cn-p-am-Wv C-Xn-\p {]m-h--n-I-cq-]w \-ev-In-bXv. B-Zy-sam-s _-lp-P-\--fpw ]m-c--cy ]-WvUn-X-cpw i-n-bm-bn F-Xn--p-sh-n-epw Izp--B ]-Tn-t--Xm-Wv F- Xn-cn--dn-hv Im-e-{I-a-n A-h--p-m-bn.
hn-ip--Izp--B- _---n-\p-th-n-sb-nepw B-i-bw {K-ln-m-sX P-\-- ]m-cm-b-Ww
sN-m-dp-m-bn-cp-p. F-m- \-_n-N-cy, l-Zo-kv,
kp--v Xp-S-n-b ]-Z-{]-tbm-K--t]m-epw P\- tI-n-cp-n-. F--s- G-Xm-\pw ^n-Izv-lv
{K--- am-{X-am-bn-cp-p C-kv-em-an-s {]-am-Wam-bn A-h- K-Wn-n-cp--Xv. im-^n-Cu a-Zv-l-_pIm-cm-Wv X-- F-m-Wp P-\--fp-sS hn-Nm-cw.
a-Zv-l-_p-I-sf X-Izv-eo-Zp sN-p-I-b-m-sX(A-am-bn A-\p-I-cn-p-I) C-kv-em-an-I \n-b-a-- ]Tn-m-\pw a-\-n-em-m-\pw ap-kv-en-w-I--p _m[y-X-bn- F-m-bn-cp-p s]m-Xp-[m-c-W. B [mc-W Xn-cp-n-p-dn-p-sIm-v h-f-sc ]-Xp-s-bmsW-n-epw \-_n-N-cy-bp-am-bpw l-Zo-kv -{K--fp-am-bpw tI-c-f-ap-kv-enw-I- ]-cn-N-b-s-p-Xp-S-n.
a-Zv-l-_p-I-sf A--am-bn A-\p-I-cn-p--Xns\ \n-cm-I-cn-p-I-bpw kp--n-te-v a-S-p-Ibpw th-W-sa- I-Wn-i-am-b \n-e-]m-sS-Sp--Xn-\m C-kzv-em-lo-{]-m-\w im-Jm-]-c-am-b Im-cy-fn- X--n-p-I-bm-sW-pw k-aq-l-n- On-{ZX-bp-m-p-I-bm-sW-pw \n-in-X-am-bn B-t-]n-s-p. F-n-epw {I-a-{]-hr--am-b {]-Nm-c-W-{]h---\-- aq-ew Nn-{Xw am-dn-h-p. H-cp-Im-e-v
l-Zo-kp-I- am-n-\n--n-b-h- C-v F-n-\pw GXn-\pw l-Zo-kp--cn-v Zp--hym-Jym-\w sN-p- Imgv-N-bm-Wv \mw Im-Wp--Xv.

l-Zo-kv \n-tj-[w ]p-Xn-b th-j-n-

B-fp-I- Izp--B-\n-te-pw kp--n-te-pw
A-Sp-p-h-cp- H-cp L--n- ]n-im-Nv th-sdm-cpX-c-n- {]-Xy--s-Sp--Xm-Wv tI-c-fo-b- I-Xv. \-_n-N-cy P-\----m-X-am-bn \n-e-\n-ncp- Im-e-L--n--\n-v \-thm-m-\-n-te-p
h--tm- kp--n-s hn-izm-ky-X tNm-Zyw-sNbv-Xp-sIm-m-Wv ]p-Xn-b Nn--I- cw-K-{]-th-iw
P\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012

.............................................................................

Hm-dn-b--en-p-I-fpw tI-c-f-n-se lZo-kv \n-tj-[n-If

- pw H-tc-\m-Wb
-
- n-s
c-p ]p-d-- am-{Xw. \-_n-N-cy {]-amW-a-s-tm l-Zo-kp-I- kzo-Im-cy-as-tm t\--p-t\-sc ]-d-bp--Xn-\p]-I-cw b-Ym--Y- \-_n-N-cy \-ap-v e-`nn-n- F-p h-cp-n-o--m- {ian-p-I-bm-W-h- sN-bv-X-Xv. ap-l-n-kpI-sf-bpw A-h-cp-sS [o-tcm-Zm--am-b
{]-h
-
- \
-
- s
- f-bpw am-{X-a
- ]n-X
- e
- ap-d-bn-te-v \-_n-h-N-\-- F-n-
kz-lm-_n-h-cy--am-sc-t]m-epw X-n-d-bp-I-bm-W-h- sN-bv-X-Xv.
.............................................................................
sN-bv-X-Xv. C-kv-em-an-s c-m-a-s {]-am-Ww F h-kv-Xp-X-bm-Wv B-Zyw tNm-Zyw-sN-bv-X-Xv.
\-ap-v Izp--B- a-Xn. Izp--B-\n- k-I-e- Imcy--fpw {]-Xn-]m-Zn-n-cn-s ]n-s-n-\v th-sdmcp {]-am-Ww F- co-Xn-bn- C-kv-em-an-s hn-izmkm-Nm-c
-- -sf tNm-Zyw-sN-bv-Xp-sIm-v "tam-tU-
G-Pn-' C-kv-em-an-s\ A-h-X-cn-n-p. Izp--B- \ntj-[n-m- P-\-- Aw-Ko-I-cn-n-. kp--v
th-s-p ]-d-m-epw ]-n-. Cu {]-iv-\--sf
X-c-WwsN-m- "J-_- B-lm-Zv sX-fn-h-' F-
hm-Z-am-Wv B-Zyw D--bn--s--Xv. `u-Xn-I hnm-\w t\-Sn-b Ip-sd B-fp-I- A-Xn- BIr
jv-S-cm-sb-n-epw ssh-Im-sX Cu hm-Z-K-Xn-m-cpsS e-yw a-\
- n-em-n A-hs
- cm-s ]n-n-cn-p.
C-h- A-h-X-cn-n- hm-Z--fn- \-ap-v ]p-Xpa tXm-n-bn-cn-m-sa-n-epw t\-c-s-X-s A-lva-Zv A-ao-, A-_q-d-, tKm--Uv kn-l- Xp-S-nb Hm-dn-b--en-p-I- A-h-X-cn-n- hm-Z-- ae-bm-f-n-em-p-I am-{X-am-W-h- sN-bv-X-Xv. N-cn{Xw B-h--n-p-I-bm-bn-cp-p. ap-kv-enw-tem-Iw
D-bn--s-gp-t--L--n- Im-bn-I-am-tbm sskm-n-I-am-tbm C-kv-em-an-s\ t\-cn-Sm- I-gn-bmsX {]-am-W--fn- kw-i-bw P-\n-n-v kq-{X-n ap-kv-enw-I-sf C-kv-em-an- \n--I-m- {i-n Pq-X-m-cp-sS A-tX -{]-h---\w \-thm-m-\
ti-jw tI-c-f-n-epw B-h--n-p-I-bm-bn-cp-p.
C-m-p-Im--v \-_n-N-cy ]-cn-N-b-s-Sp-n-b
C-kzv-em-lo ]-Wv-Un-X-m- l-Zo-kv \n-tj-[-sbpw e-y-k-ln-Xw t\-cn-p. A-td-_y- cm-Py-fn-epw bq-tdm-n-epw X-s "l-Zzm-d-p- C-kv-emw'
am-kn-I-bn-eq-sS-bpw "A-p- h a-Im-\-Xp-lm -^n-iv-co-C- C-kv-em-ao' Xp-S-n-b {K---fn-eqsS-bpw Hm-dn-b--en-p-I-sf [o-c-am-bn t\-cn- tUm.
ap-kv-X-^m A--_m-C sb-tm-ep--h-(1915-1964)
Au-loZv

! 20 !

]-Xn-m-p-I--p ap-v a-dp-]-Sn ]-d- hm-Z-fm-Wv B-[p-\n-I Hm-dn-b--en-p-I- C-hn-sS C-dp-a-Xn sN-bv-X-Xv. k-_m-C-bp-sS "A-p- h aIm-\-Xp-lm.....' F- {K-w a-e-bm-f-n-te-v
hn-h---\w sN-bv-Xp-sIm-v ap-l--Zv A-am-\n- aue-hn C-h-cp-sS hm-Z--sf t\-cn-p. l-Zo-kv hn-cp-
{]-m-\w C-hn-sS th-cp-]n-Sn-n-.

A-_q-lp-d-bv-d-bpw l-Zo-kv \n-tj-[n-I-fpw

Hm-dn-b--en-p-I-fpw tI-c-f-n-se l-Zo-kv \ntj-[n-I-fpw H-tc-\m-W-b-n-s c-p ]p-d-- am{Xw. \-_n-N-cy {]-am-W-a-s-tm l-Zo-kp-I- kzoIm-cy-a-s-tm t\--p-t\-sc ]-d-bp--Xn-\p-]-Icw b-Ym--Y- \-_n-N-cy \-ap-v e-`n-n-n- F-p
h-cp-n-o--m- {i-an-p-I-bm-W-h- sN-bv-X-Xv.
ap-l-n-kp-I-sf-bpw A-h-cp-sS [o-tcm-Zm--am-b {]h---\--sf-bpw am-{X-a- ]n--X-e-ap-d-bn-te-v
\-_n-h-N-\-- F-n- kz-lm-_n-h-cy--am-sct]m-epw X-n--d-bp-I-bm-W-h- sN-bv-X-Xv.
G--hpw Iq-Sp-X- l-Zo-kp-I- dn-tm--v sNbvX A-_q-lp-d-bv-d-sb-tm-ep- kz-lm-_n-I-fp-sS
hn-izm-ky-X tNm-Zyw-sN-bv-Xp. A-_q-_-Iv-(d), Da-(d) Xp-S-n-b {]-hm-N-I-s G--hpw A-Sp-
A-\p-bm-bn-I-fpw k--X k-l-Nm-cn-I-fpw hn-c-ense-m-hp- l-Zo-kp-I-am-{Xw dn-tm--v sN-bvXtm- ssJ-_--bp--n-\p ti-jw am-{Xw ap-kven-am-b A-_q-lp-d-bv-d B-bn-c--W-n-\v l-Zo-kpI- D--cn-p-I-tbm? C-Xm-bn-cp-p A-h-cp-sS \ymb-hm-Zw. C-hn-sS-bp- l-Zo-kv \n-tj-[n-I-fm-h-s
H-cp X-Xz-Zo--bp-an-m-sX kz-lm-_n-I-sf No-]-d-bp-I-bm-bn-cp-p. I--, Pq-X-, A-hn-izm-kn,
[-\-tam-ln Xp-S-n ]-e co-Xn-bn-epw kz-lm-_n-hcy--am-sc sX-dn-]-d-p-sIm-v {K--- X-s
F-gp-Xn! F-m- kz-lm-_m In-dmw B-sc-p a\-n-em-m- A-h-k-cw-In-n-b tI-c-f ap-kv-enw-I Cu hn-X-Wv-U-hm-Z-- \n-cm-I-cn-p-I-bpw AXn-s\-mw ]-n-tXm-Nn-X-am-b a-dp-]-Sn \-ev-Ip-Ibpw sN-bv-Xp.
A-_q-_-Iv-dn(d)t\-m-fpw h-f-sc-tb-sd l-Zokp-I- A-_q-lp-d-bv-d dn-tm--v sN-bv-Xn-p-v F-Xv h-kv-Xp-X-bm-Wv. F-p-sIm-m-Wn-Xp kw-`hn--Xv? B-tem-Nn-v -Im-cy-- {K-ln-p- kXym-t\z-j-I--v A-sX-p-sIm-s-v a-\-n-emIpw. A-Xn-\p ]-e Im-c-W--fp-v.
H-v: \-_n-bp-sS(kz) a-c-W-n-\p ap]v a-cnp t]m-b kz-lm-_n-am- H-cp l-Zo-kv-t]m-epw dn
tm--p-sN-bv-Xp -Im-Wn-. Im-c-Ww A-v A-Xn-s
B-h-iy-an-. \-_n-bp-sS(kz)a-c-W-ti-jw C-kv-eman-te-p -h-cp--h--pw ]p-Xp-ap-kv-enw X-e-ap-d-pw
th-n-bm-W-tm \-_n-N-cy dn-tm--p-sN-p--Xv.
B-b-Xn-\m- \-_n(kz) a-cn-v 47 h--j-m-ew Pohn- A-_q-lp-d-bv-d, 40 h--jw Po-hn- B-C-i(d)
Xp-S-n-b B-fp-I- c-p-h--j-hpw aq-v am-k-hpw
P\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012

.............................................................................

l-Zo-kv \n-Zm-\i
- m-kv{- X-hp-am-bn _-s- N---bn- ap-kv-enw tem-Iw GtIm-]n- H-cp Im-cy-am-Wv kz-lm-_n-am F-m-hc
- pw \o-Xn-am-m-cpw hn-izm-ktbm-Ky-cp-am-Wv F--Xv. l-Zo-kv ]-T-\n-te-p I-S-p--Xn-\p -ap-m-bn
\mw C--cw Im-cy-- km-am-\y-ambn A-dn-n-cn-t--Xm-Wv.
.............................................................................
am-{Xw Po-hn- A-_q-_-Iv-dn(d)s\ t]m-ep- Bfp-I- l-Zo-kp-I- D--cn--Xn-t\-m- Iq-Sp-X-
dn-tm--v sN-bv-X-Xv F-p-sIm-v F-v a-\-n-emm- km-am-\y-_p-n a-Xn.
c-v:- A-_q-_-Iv-(d) \-_n(kz) a-cn- D-S-s\
`-c-W-`m-cw G-s-Sp-p-I-bm-Wp-m-b-Xv. A-_q-lpd-bv-d-bm-I-s P-\---v Zo- ]-Tn-n-p-I-bp-ambn-cp-p. A-tm- kzm-`m-hn-I-am-bpw Iq-Sp-X- Bfp-I- A-_q-lp-d-bv-d-bn--\n-v l-Zo-kp-I- tI-pw; dn-tm--p sN-pw.
aq-v: A-_q-lp-d-bv-d ap-kv-en-am-b-Xv ln-Pv-d-bvp-ti-j-am-Wv F--Xp i-cn-X-s. lp-ssZ-_n-
k-n-p-ti-jw km-aq-ln-I-cw-Kw im--am-hp-I
bpw \-_n(kz) k-am-[m-\-]q--hw {]-t_m-[-\w \S-p-I-bpw sN-bv-X \m-ep-h--j-m-ew \-_n(kz)
tbmsSm-p- A-_q-lp-d-bv-d-bp-sS k-l-hm-kwsIm-v Iq-Sp-X- Im-cy-- ]-Tn-m-\-h-k-cw e`n-p. C-kv-em-an-s H-t-sd Im-cy-- \n-b-a-am-bXpw \n-c-h-[n hn-tZ-i \n-th-Z-I-kw-L--sf \_n
(kz) kzo-I-cn--Xpw Cu Im-e-m-Wv. A-_q-lpd-bv-d-bm-I-s ap-gp-h- k-a-b-hpw a-kv-Pn-Zp--_-hnbn- I-gn-p-Iq-p-I-bm-bn-cp-p. C-Xv a-p--h-tcm- l-Zo-kp-I- A-t-l-n-\p e-`n-m- Imc-W-am-bn.
\m-ev:- l-Zo-kp-I- Iq-Sp-X- a-\-m-T-am-p-hm A-_q-lp-d-bv-dp th-n \-_n(kz) {]m--Ynp.
X-Zv-^-e-am-bn l-Zo-kv -]-n-X-m- A-_q-lp-d-bvd-sb G-sd A-h-ew-_-am-n.
A-v: kz-lm-_n-I-fn--\n-v l-Zo-kp--cn-p-Xv Xm-_n-D-I-fm-Wv. `-c-W-Im-cy--fn-tem a-v D-c-hm-Zn---fn-tem G--s-n-n-m- A-_q-lpd-bv-d G-sd k-a-bw sN-e-h-gn--Xv P-\--tfm-sSm-am-bn-cp-p. l-Zo-kp-I- dn-tm--p-sN-m- CsXm-cp \n-an--am-bn.
B-dv: - a-Sn-bpw e--bpw Iq-Sm-sX A-_q-lp-dbv-d \-_n(kz)-tbm-Sv Zo-Im-cy-- tNm-Zn--dn-bpam-bn-cp-p F-v kz-lm-_n-am- X-s ]-d-bp-p.
Cu h-kv-Xp-X-I-sfm-pw {i-n-m-sX A-_qlp-d-bv-d F- kz-lm-_n-h-cy-s\ Pq-X-\pw hym-P\p-am-bn Nn-{Xo-I-cn-p-I F--Xv hn-izm-k-n-s
Au-loZv

! 21 !

Ip-d-hp X-s. tI-c-f-n-se tam-tU-Wn-p-I- lZo-kp \n-tj-[-n-\p th-n kw-L-S-\-bp-m-n

hy-h-m-]n-X-am-bn {]-h--n--Xv kz-lm-_n-am-sc
Ip-Xn-c-I-b-dm-\m-Wv. F-m- {]-kn- Hm-dn-b--env A-lv-a-Zv A-ao- X-s "^-Pv-dp- C-kv-em-an'epw
A-_q-d- F- a-sm-cp Hm-dn-b--en-v X-s "AZz-v-hm-D- A-e--p--n- ap-l--Zn-'-bn-epw Fgp-Xn-hn--Xv B-h--n-p-I am-{X-ta C-h- sN-bvXn-p-q F-pw \mw a-\-n-em-p-I.
l-Zo-kv \n-Zm-\-im-kv-{X-hp-am-bn _--s- N--bn- ap-kv-enw tem-Iw G-tIm-]n- H-cp Im-cyam-Wv kz-lm-_n-am- F-m-h-cpw \o-Xn-am-m-cpw hnizm-k-tbm-Ky-cp-am-Wv F--Xv. l-Zo-kv ]-T-\-nte-p I-S-p--Xn-\p -ap-m-bn \mw C--cw Imcy-- km-am-\y-am-bn A-dn-n-cn-t--Xm-Wv.

C-amw kp-lv-cn-bpw l-Zo-kv N-cn-{X-hpw

A-a-ho `-c-W-Im-e-v J-eo-^ D-a-dp-_v-\p -A_v-Zn--A-ko-kn-s I-ev-]-\-{]-Im-cw C-amw kp-lvcn-bm-Wv B-Zy-am-bn l-Zo-kv t{Im-Uo-I-c-Ww Bcw-`n--Xv F-p ]-d-p-h-tm. C-amw kp-lv-cn-bpw
am-en-pw \-_n-N-cy Ip--a- co-Xn-bn- tc-J-s-Spp--Xn- A--n- tk-h-\-- \n-kv-Xp-e-am-Wv.
Cu N-cn-{X-bm-Ym--Yyw X-a-kv-I-cn-t--Xv l-Zokv \n-tj-[n-I-fp-sS H-cp {]-[m-\m-h-iy-am-Wv.
G--hpw Iq-Sp-X- l-Zo-kv dn-tm--p-sN-bv-X
kz-lm-_n-h-cy- A-Xn-s t]-cn- X-s I--\msW-p ap-{Z-Ip-p-I h-gn ap-kv-enw tem-I-s sXn--cn-n- Hm-dn-b--en-p-I-, l-Zo-kv t{Im-UoI-c-W-n- ap-Jy ]-p-h-ln- kp-lv-cn-sb-bpw shdp-sX-hn-n-. ap-kv-enw tem-I-v k--hmw-Ko-Ir-X\m-b a-lm-]-Wv-Un-X- kp-lv-cn _-\q D-a- J-eo^-am-cp-sS B-{in-X-\pw A-h--sm-v l-Zo-kp-I \n--an-p--h-\p-am-bn-cp-p F-m-Wv tKm--Uv
ko-l- B-tcm-]n-p--Xv.
"J-eo-^-am--p sX-p-]-p-I-bn-' F---Y-n J-eo-^ h-eo-Zp-_v-\p A-_v-Zn- a-en-Iv Xm- imap-Im-cn--\n-ptI- H-cp l-Zo-kn-s\--n kp-lv-cntbm-Sv tNm-Zn--tm- B l-Zo-kv hym-P-am-sW-v
tc-Jm-aq-ew m-]n- B-fm-Wv kp-lv-co. (A- CIz-v-Zp- ^-co-Zv). Cu a-lm-s\-bm-Wv J-eo-^-am-cpsS "dm--ap-fn'bm-bn Nn-{Xo-I-cn--Xv. \n-c-h-[n kw`-h bm-Ym--Yy--fn-eq-sS sX-m-sW-v n-c-s Im-cy-- B-tcm-]n-p-sIm-m-Wv Hm-dn-b--enp-I- l-Zo-kv \n-tj-[-n-\v I-f-sam-cp-p--Xv.
ln-Pv-d 51ap-X- 124h-sc Po-hn- B a-lm-\p`m-h- l-Zo-kv hn-m-\o-b-n-\v \-ev-In-b kw`m-h-\ Xp-ey-X-bn-m--Xm-sW-v C-_v-\p-k-Av-Zv,
C-amw A-lv-a-Zv, C-_v-\p ln-m- Xp-S-n-b \n-ch-[n a-lm-m- tc-J-s-Sp-n-bn-p-v. kp-lv-cn-bmWv l-Zo-kv dn-tm--v sN-p-tm- C-kv-\m-Zv (\nth-Z-I ]-c--c) ]-d-b- A-Xym-h-iy-am-sW-v BZy-am-bn D-W--n-b-Xv.
#
P\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012

Ihtmdn

F F Fkv

lZo-kp-Ifpw
kmt-XnI {]tbm-K
- fpw
hn-ip- Izp--B- t]m-se {]-hm-N-I-s h-N-\-- \-_n(-kz)-bp-sS Im-etm kz-lm-_n-am-cp-sS Im-e-tm k-q--W-am-bn t{Im-Uo-I-cn-n-cp-n-.
A-Xn-\m- l-Zo-kp-am-bn _-s
- - [m-cm-fw km-t-Xn-I {]-tbm-K
-
- nc-s-n-p-v. l-Zo-kp-I
- kzo-Ic
- n-p-hm-\pw kzo-Ic
- n-m-Xn-cn-p-hm-\pw Cu
km-t-Xn-I {]-tbm-K-- i-cn-pw {K-ln-- A-\n-hm-cy-am-Wv.

hn-

ip- Izp--B- t]m-se {]hm-N-I-s h-N-\-- \-_n(-kz)-bpsS Im- e - t m kz- l m- _ n- a m- c p- s S

Im-e-tm k-q--W-am-bn t{Im-UoI-cn-n-cp-n-. A-Xn-\m- l-Zo-kpam-bn _--s- [m-cm-fw km-t-XnI {]-tbm-K-- n-c-s-n-p-v.
l-Zo-kp-I- kzo-I-cn-p-hm-\pw kzoI-cn-m-Xn-cn-p-hm-\pw Cu km-tXn-I {]-tbm-K-- i-cn-pw {K-ln- A-\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. l-Zo-kp-am-bn
Au-loZv

! 22 !

_--s- Nn-e {]-[m-\ km-t-Xn-I ]-Z-{]-tbmK-- Xm-sg hn-h-cn-p-p.

1. k-\-Zv (]-c--c): C-amw _p-Jm-cn, ap-kv-enw,
A-_q-Zm-hq-Zv, Xn--an-Zn, \-km-Cu, C-_v-\p-am-P, ZmdIzp-Xzv-\n, ss_-l-Izn ap-X-em-b apl-n-kp-Ifm-Wv
{]-hm-N-I-s h-N-\-- D--cn-p--Xv. A-Xp-t]mse--s-bm-Wv A-hn-Sp-s {]-h---\--fpw
Aw-Ko-Im-c-hpw. C-h- {]-hm-N-I-s\-tbm kz-lm-_nh-cy-m-sc-tbm I-n-n-. A-Xn-\m- C-h- \-_n
(kz) ]-d-p, \-_n(-kz) {]-h--n-p, \-_n(-kz)
Aw-Ko-I-cn-p F-n--s\ ]-d-m- A-Xv kzoP\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012

Im-cy-a-. F-tm-Sv C--h- ]-d-p. C--h-t\m- amw _p-Jm-cn D--s-sS-bp- `q-cn-]-w ]-nSv C--h- ]-d-psh-v {]-kv-Xm-hn-v \-_n(kz) X-m-cpw A-`n-{]m-b-s-Sp-p. C-amw I--am-\n(-d)h-sc F-n-t-cp- ]-c
- c
- D-m-bn-cn-W
- w. Cu ]- bp-sS A-`n-{]m-b-hpw D--cn-v n-c-s-Sp-p-p.
c--c-bv-m-Wv k-\-Zv F-v ]-d-bp--Xv. k-\-Znm- (^-Xv-lp--_m-cn 17-32). \-_n-N-cy-bpw C-kv-emw
sX D--cn--s-Sp- l-Zo-kp-I- kzo-Im-cy-a-. i-co-A-n- A-Xn-s m-\-hpw F- tUm-IvD-Zm: _p-Jm-cn ]-d-bp-p. F-tm-Sv lp-ssa-Zn S- ap-kv-Xz-^m kn-_m-C-a-bp-sS ]p-kv-X-I-n-epw
]-d-p. lp-ssa-Zn ]-d-bp-p, F-tm-Sv kp-^v-bm Cu A- ` n- { ]m- b pw hn- i - Z - a m- n- b n- p- v . (t]- P v
]-d-p. kp-^v-bm- ]-d-bp-p, F-tm-Sv b-lv- 160,161)
5. a-iv-lq-: J-_v-dp- hm-ln-Zn-s B-Zy-s
b ]-d-p. b-lv-b ]-d-bp-p, F-tm-Sv ap-l-Zp_v-\p C-_v-dm-low ]-d-p. A-t-lw A--Iz-a ]- C-\w. aq-tm A-Xn- Iq-Sp-X-tem ]-c--c-I-fn-eqsS D--cn--s- l-Zod-bp--Xm-b tI-p. A-kpI. ap- k v - X - ^ o- f v
Iz-a ]-d-p" D-a-(-d) anF-pw C-Xn-\v t]- ]-dn- sh-v ]-d-bp--Xv
a-\: ]q--h-am-tbm B-I-kv-an-I-amd-bpw. H-cp ]-c--c-t]mRm- tI-p: Xo-
- b
- m-bpw
epw C- m- s X a- \ p- j y{]-h---\-- D-t-iytbm I-f-hn- tbm-Pn-- A-kw-`s \m-hn-eq-sS {]-N-cna-\p-k-cn-m-Wv (_p-Jmhy-am-b \n-e-bv-v \-_n(-kz)-bn-
a-iv-lq- F- `m-jmcn, l. \-- 1). C- hn-sS
\n-v [m-cm-fw kz-lm-_n-am- l-Zo]-c-am-b {]-tbm-K-n-
\-_n ]-Tn-n- H-cp Imkv D-c
- n-p-p. Cu F-w Ip-db
- mA-dn-b-s-Spw. D-Zm: dpcyw kz- l m- _ n- b n- \nIq-Av e-`n-m- d-Iv-Av ]n-ev-m-e-m-c-\m-b
\n-e-bv-v, l-Zo-kv D--cn--Xv
v e-`n-pw (\-_n- h_p-Jm-cn D--cn-p- am_p-Jm-cn-bm-sW-n- _p-Jm-cn-h-sc
N-\w). ]-c--c-tbm-Sp-Iq- K - a m- W v \mw I- - X v .
F-p-I. C-_v-\p-am-P-bm-sW-n-
Sn C-{]-Im-cw H- l-ZoCu \nth-Z-I-]-c--c-bm
A-t-lw h-sc-sb-p-I. C-Sb
-
-v v hkp- t ]m- e pw D- - c n- Wv k\Zv
s-Sp-n-. a-\p-jy-s
2. a-Xv-\v(-aq-e-hm-Iyw):
-[n-p--Xn-\v hn-tcm-[-an-.
\m-hn-eq-sS am-{Xw {]-Nk-\-Zv F-n-t-cp- \cn--Xm-Wn-Xv.
_n(- k z)- b p- s S h- N - \ w,
6. A-ko-kv: hy-Xym{]- h r- n, Aw- K o- I m- c w
k-s- c-v ]-c--c-bnF-n-h-bv-v a-Xv-\v F-v
]-d-bp-p. D-Zm: Xo---bm-bpw {]-h---\-- D- eq-sS D--cn--s- l-Zo-kv.
7. K-co-_v: H-cp ]-c--c-bn-eq-sS am-{Xw D--cnt-iy-a-\p-k-cn-v am-{X-am-Wv, \-_n(-kz) Zp-lv- \mev d-Iv-A-v \-a-kv-I-cn-p. Cu h-kv-Xp-X-I- l- -s--Xv. B-Zyw [m-cm-fw B-fp-I- D--cn-p. tijw ]-c--c-bp-sS G-sX-n-epw m-\-v H-cp \nZo-kn-s a-Xv-\v F--dn-b-s-Sp-p.
3. ap-X-hm-Xn-: a-\: ]q--h-am-tbm B-I-kv-an-I- th-Z-\-I- am-{X-am-bm-epw K-co-_v F-v ]-d-bpw.
8. ^--Zp- ap-Xzv-e-Izv (K-co-_m-b l-Zo-kn-s
am-tbm I-f-hn- tbm-Pn-- A-kw-`-hy-am-b \ne-bv-v \-_n(-kz)-bn- \n-v [m-cm-fw kz-lm-_n- H-cp C-\w): k-\-Zn-s F-m I-n-bn-epw Hm-tcm
am- l-Zo-kv D--cn-p-p. Cu F-w Ip-d-bm- hy-n-I- am-{X-ap-m-hp-I. D-Zm: D-ssa-\n--kp-^v\n-e-bv-v, l-Zo-kv D--cn--Xv _p-Jm-cn-bm-sW-n- bm---b-lv-bm--ap-l--Zv--A--J-a--D-a-dp-_v-\p--J _p-Jm-cn-h-sc F-p-I. C-_v-\p-am-P-bm-sW-n- m-_v. A-m-lp-hn-s Zq-X- ]-d-p:
9. ^--Zp--\n-k-_n: -K-co-_n-s c-m-a-s
A-t-lw h-sc-sb-p-I. C-S-bv-v h--[n-p-Xn-\v hn-tcm-[-an-. `uXn-I-amb Hcp DZm-l-cWw C-\w. Iq-Sp-X- B-fp-I- D--cn-p-I-bpw H-cp I]dbmw: Rm- P-m- I-n-n-. F-n-epw C-{]- n-bn- am-{Xw H-cp \n-th-Z-\-I- am-{X-am-hp-I-bpw
Im-cw H-cp cm-Pyw D-s-v Rm- hn-iz-kn-p-- sN-p-I.
10. A--ap-A--Izv: _p-Jm-cn, ap-kv-enw, Xn--anXv ap-X-hm-Xn-dm-b \n-th-Z-\-n-eq-sS-bm-Wv. apX-hmXn-dmb lZo-kp-I hfsc Ipdv am{Xtabpq Zn t]m-ep- l-Zo-kv D--cn-p--h-cp-sS A-Sp-p4. J-_-dp--hm-ln-Zv: ap-X-hm-Xn- A-m- l- I-n-bn- X-s \n-th-Z-I- hn-p-t]m-hp-I, HZo- k p- I - Fmw kmt- X n- I - a mbn J_- d p cm- hn-p-t]m-hp--Xpw H-cm-fn- Iq-Sp-X- hn-phmlnZv BsWv ]d-bmw. ]-v t]- D--cn- l- t]m-hp--Xpw Xo-sc ]-c--c-bn-m-Xn-cn--epw XpZo-km-sW-n-epw J-_-dp- hm-ln-Zv F-v ]-d-bpw. ey-am-Wv. D-Zm: _p-Jm-cn ]-d-bp-p: C-_v-\p-D-a-(d)
A-Jv _m-dp- B-lm-Zv F-pw C-Xn-\v ]-d-bpw. hn- C-{]-Im-cw ]-d-p: _p-Jm-cn(-d) C-_v-\p D-a-(-d)izm-k Im-cy--v a-p- sX-fn-hp-I- C-m- hn-s\ H-cn--epw I-n-n-. C-hn-sS k-\-Zv Xo-sc]-w J-_v-dp- hm-ln-Zv kzo-I-cn-- \n--_-- bn-. kz-lo-lv _p-Jm-cn-bn- A-[ym-b-n-\p-tian-s-v a-Zv-l-_n-s `q-cn-]-w C-am-ap-I-fpw, C- jw C-{]-Im-cw Nn-e l-Zo-kp-I- Im-Wmw. C-XnAu-loZv

! 23 !

P\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012

\v _p-Jm-cn-bp-sS X-Av-eo-Izm-v F-v ]-d-bpw. CXv \n-cp-]m-[n-Iw kzo-Im-cy-a-.

11. A--ap-Av-Z-: ]-c--c-bn- c-tm A-Xn-e[n-I-tam \n-th-Z-I-m- hn-p-t]m-b-Xv. D-Zm: _p-Jmcn ]-d-p. F-tm-Sv b-lv-b ]-d-p. _p-Jm-cnbp-sS-bpw b-lv-b-bp-sS-bpw C-S-bn- Xp-S---bm-b
c-v \n-th-Z-I-m- hn-p-t]m-bn-p-v.
12. A--ap--Iz-Xn-Av: ]-c--c-bn- H-cp \n-thZ-I- hn-p-t]m-hp-I A-s-n- H-n- Iq-Sp-X-
B-fp-I- Xp-S---b-m-sX c-tm aq-tm -e-fn-em-bn hn-p-t]m-hp-I. D-Zm: _p-Jm-cn ]-d-p,
F-tm-Sv kzp-^v-bm- ]-d-p. C-hn-sS lp-ssaZn \n-th-Z-I- hn-p-t]m-bn. _p-Jm-cn ]-d-p, Ftm-Sv kzp-^v-bm- ]-d-p: A-t-l-tm-Sv ap-l-Zv ]-d-p. C-hn-sS b-lv-b F- hy-n hn-pt]m-bn. Xp-S---b-m- \n-e-bv-v c-v -e-fn-em-Wv C-hn-sS hn-p-t]m-hp--Xv.
13. A--ap--k-: Xm-_n-Av kz-lm-_n-sb ]d-bm-sX \-_n(-kz) ]-d-p F-v ]-d-bp-I. D-Zm:
\m-^n-Av(d) \n-th-Z-\w: \-_n(-kz) C-{]-Im-cw ]d-p: \m-^n-Av(d) Xm-_n-Av am-{X-am-Wv. A-tm A-t-l-n-s-bpw \-_n(-kz)-bp-sS-bpw C-S-bn kz-lm-_n C-hn-sS hn-p-t]m-bn-p-v.
14. A--ap--k-ep kz-lm-_n: \-_n(-kz)sb
Im-Wp-I-bpw H-scm- l-Zo-kv t]m-epw \-_n-bn-
\n-pw tI--m-Xn-cn-p-I-bpw sN-bv-X kz-lm-_n
\-_n(-kz)-bn- \n-v l-Zo-kv D--cn-p-I. Xz-coJv-_v-\p in-lm-_v(d) F- kz-lm-_n kv-{Xo-I-v Pp-ap-A \n--_--an-s-v D--cn--Xp-t]m-se.
C-t-lw kz-lm-_n-bm-sW-n-epw \-_n-bn- \n-v
l-Zo-kv tI-n-n-.
15. A--au-Izq-^v: kz-lm-_n-bp-sS hm-tm {]hr-n-tbm Aw-Ko-Im-c-tam B-bn D--cn-p--h.
\-_n(-kz)-bn-te-v F-n-t-cp-n-. D-Zm: D-a-(d)-H-cp {]m-h-iyw X-s aq-v Xz-em-Izv H-n-p sNmp- - X v aq- m- b n ]- c n- K - W n- p. kzlm- _ n- b psS
hmp-I Izp-B\pw kppw t]mse {]amW-a F-Xn ]n-X-mv X-an-.
16. A--a-Izv-Xzq-Av: Xm-_n-D-I-fp-sS-tbm A-Xnepw Xm-tg-p--h-cp-sS-tbm hm-p-am-bn am-{Xw D-cn--s-Sp--h. CXpw {]am-W-a.
17. A--ap-Z--kv: \n-th-Z-I- X-tm-Sv ]-d-
hy-n-bp-sS t]-cv ]-d-bm-sX Xm- tI--m-
l-Zo-kv t\-cn-p-tI-n-p-s-v sX-n--cn-n-v D-cn- l-Zo-kv C-{]-Im-cw sN-p- \n-th-Z-I-\v ap-Zn-kv F-v ]-d-bpw.
18. A--ap--k-ep--J-^n-v: \n- t h- Z - I - Xtm-Sv ]-d- l-Zo-kv ]-d- H-tc Im-e-v Pohn- hy-n-sb hn-v Xm- l-Zo-kv t\-cn-v tI-Xm-sW-v sX-n--cn-n-v D--cn- l-Zo-kv.
19. A--au-Zzq-Av: I-f-hv ]-d-bp- kz-`m-h-ap-
\n-th-Z-I- D--cn-p--h, Izp--B-s B-i-b-n\pw C-kv-em-an-s A-Sn-m-\ X-Xz---pw a-\pAu-loZv

! 24 !

jy-s kp-hy--am-b _p-n-pw (kz-co-lp- AIzv-e) A-\p-`-h-m-\-n-\pw F-Xn-cm-bn D--cnp- l-Zo-kp-I-fpw Cu C-\-n- D--s-Sp-p.
\-_n(-kz)-bp-sS _p-n-v kn-lv-dv _m-[n-p F-v
]-d-bp- l-Zo-kv t]m-se. auZqAv Bb lZo-kpI Hcn-epw kzoIm-cy-a-.
20. A--a-Jv-eq-_v: H-cp k-\-Zpw th-sdm-cp k\-Zpw ]-c-kv-]-cw Iq-Sn--e---Xv A-s-n- h-N\-n- X-s A-n-a-dn kw-`-hn--Xv. D-Zm: \n-fp-sS C-S-Xp-ssI sN-e-hv sN-p--Xv h-e-Xp-ssI
A-dn-b-cp-sX-v \-_n(-kz) ]-d--Xm-bn C-amw apkv-enw D--cn- l-Zo-kv, kp-Pq-Zn- H--Iw ap-p-Ipp--Xp-t]m-se ap-p-Ip--cp-sX-v hn-tcm-[n--tijw B-Zyw ssI-h-bv--Ww F-v \-_n(-kz) ]-d-Xm-bn A-_q-Zm-hq-Zpw a-pw D--cn- l-Zo-kv.
C-hn-sS h-e-Xp-ssI C-S-Xp-ssI-bm-bpw Im--ap-v
ssI-I-fm-bpw A-n-a-dn-p.
21. Am-v: Iq-Sp-X- hn-iz-kv-X- D--cn- lZo-kn-\v hn-cp--am-bn hn-iz-kv-X- D--cn- l-Zo-kv.
D-Zm: kv-{Xo-I--v ho-Sm-Wv D--aw F-v ]-d-bp l-Zo-kv. kv{XoIsf ]n-bn\nv XS-b-cpXv
F IqSp-X i-amb lZokv Dm-bn-cns
imn\v {]m_-ey-an-.
22. A--ap--I-: hn-iz-kv-X- D--cn- l-Zokn- ]-d-bp- B-i-b-n-\v F-Xn-cm-bn Zp--_-e D--cn- l-Zo-kv. D-Zm: kzp-_v-lv \-a-kv-Im-c-n \-_n(-kz) Zp--bm-hn- \n-v hn-S-]-d-bp--Xph-sc Izp-\q-Xv Hm-Xn F-v ]-d-bp- l-Zo-kv (Zm-dIzp-Xzv-\n, ss_-l-Izn). \-_n(-kz) _n-kv-an D-d-s
Hm-Xn F-v ]-d-bp- l-Zo-kv (l-Iow, Zm-d-Izp-Xzv\n). Ch Hpw kzoIm-cy-a-.
23. A--a-Xv-dq-Iv: \n-th-Z-I- I-f-hv ]-d-bp-sav D-d-v C-s-n-epw km-[y-X-bp-s-v [-cn--sSp- \n-th-Z-I- D--cn-p- l-Zo-kv.
24. A--ap-A--: _m-ly-am-bn \yq-\-X-I-fns-n-epw kq-v-a \n-co--W-n- am-{Xw \yq\-X-I- I-s-n-b l-Zo-kp-I-. D-Zm: hn-Xv-dn-
\-_n(-kz) Izp-\q-Xv Hm-Xn-b-Xm-bn ]-d-bp- l-Zokp-I-. H-tc Im-e-v Po-hn--h-\pw ]-c-kv-]-cw lZo-kv tI--p-I-bpw sN-bv-X \n-th-Z-I-\n- \n-v
t\-cn-v tI--m- H-cp l-Zo-kv t\-cn-vtI-n-p-sv [-cn-n-p- ]-Zw D-]-tbm-Kn-v D--cn- l-Zokv D-b---s- \n-th-Z-\w sN-bv-X l-Zo-kv. Cu
C-\w I-p-]n-Sn-p-hm- h-f-sc {]-bm-k-am-Wv.
25. A--ap-Zv-Xz-d-_v: ]-c-kv-]-cw B-i-b-n-\v
hn-cp--am-b cq-]-n- dn-tm--v sN--s--Xpw GXm-Wv i-cn-sb-v Xn-cn--dn-bm-\m-hm--Xp-am-b lZo-kp-I-. D-Zm: an-Av-dm-Pn-s cm-{Xn-bn- Hm-tcm
\-_n-am-sc \-_n(-kz) Ip-ap-nb B-Im-i--
\n--W-bn-v ]-d-bp- l-Zo-kp-I-.
26. A--ap-Zv-d-Pv(-^n--a-Xv-\n): l-Zo-kn-s Bi-b-n- \-_n(kz) ]-d-bm--Xv \n-th-Z-I-m-cpsS h-I-bm-bn Iq-n-t--v D--cn- l-Zo-kp-I-.
P\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012

.............................................................................

f-Cu-^m-b l-Zo-kv sIm-v A-a- sN- ]m-Sn-s-v l-Zo-kv ]-n-X-m-

G-tIm-]n-n-v ]-d-bp-p. t{i-jv-T-X hnh-cn-p--Xn- C-h A-h-ew-_n-m-sav Nn-e I--a im-kv-{X-]-n-X-m- am{X-am-Wv ]-d-bp--Xv. C-h- X-s C-Xn\v aq-v hy-h
- I
- f
- pw \n-t- Z-in-p-pv. ]-n-X-m--v kw-`-hn-p- ]ng-hp-I-fn- s]--Xm-Wn-Xv. a-Zv-l-_n-s
C-am-ap-I--n-S-bn-ep- `n--X J-_-dp hm-ln-Zm-b l-Zo-kv kz-lo-lm-bm-
X-s A-a- sN-p-hm- C-Xp-sIm-v
]-p-tam F--Xm-Wv.
.............................................................................
D-Zm: \-_n(kz) A-cp-fn: \n--bw F-s k-ap-Zmbw A-y-Zn-\-n- hp-Zzp-hn-s A-S-bm-fw Im-cWw ap-J-hpw ssI-Im-ep-I-fw {]-Im-in-n-cn-pw. AXp-sIm-v \n--fn- B--s-n-epw X-s tim` hym-]n-n-m- km-[n-p-sa-n- A-h-\-Xv sN-s F- A-h-km-\-`m-Kw \-_n(kz) ]-d--X. A-Xv l-Zo-kv D--cn-p- A-_q-lpdbv-d(d)bpsS {]-kv-Xm-h-\-bm-Wv.
27. ap-Zv-d-Pp- C-kv-\m-Zn: ]-c--c-bn- C-m-h-sc I-S-n-q-p-I, hy-XykvXamb c-v ]-c-c-bn- h- l-Zo-kpI-fnse B-i-b--sf H-cp ]c--c-bn-te-v tN--n a-s ]-c--c-sb hn-p-I-fbp-I.
28. A--ap-Jv-X-e-Xzv: \n-th-Z-I-\v A-h-km-\-Ime-v Hm--a-i-n-bn- Ip-d-hv h-cn-I.
29. A--a--^q-Av: kz-lm-_n-hn-p-t]m-bm-epw
C-S-bv-v ]-c--c-hn-p-t]m-bm-epw ]-c--c-bv-v bmsXm-cp Ip-g--hp-an-m- \n-e-bv-tm H-cp l-Zo-kv
\-_n(-kz)-bn-te-v tN--n-sm-v D--cn-p-I.
D-Zm: \-_n(-kz) A-cp-fn: Xo---bm-bpw {]-h--\-- D-t-iy-a-\p-k-cn-m-Wv. \-_n(-kz) Zp-lv-
\m-ev d-Iv-A-m-bn \-a-kv-I-cn-p.
30. A--ap-kv-\-Zv: ]-c--c-I- H-pw hn-p-t]mIm-sX \-_n(-kz) h-sc F-n-b l-Zo-kv A-Y-hm
a--^q-Av.
31. A--ap--kzn-: ]-c--c-bn- C-S-bv-v In ap-dn-bm-Xn-cn-p-I. \-_n(-kz)-bn-te-v F-nt-cp-I F- \n-_--\-bn-. ap-kv-\-Zv-t]m-se. Fm ap-kv-\-Zpw ap--kzn-em-Wv. F-m ap--kzn-epw
ap-kv-\-Zv A-. ]-c--c ap-dn-bm-sX kz-lm-_n-bn-tev F-n-bm-epw ap--kzn- F-p ]-d-bpw.
32. A--ap-A--A-: C- B- C- B-fn-\n-v "A-' F- ]-Zw {]-tbm-Kn-p-sh- dn-tm-p-I-.
Au-loZv

! 25 !

33. A--ap-Av-X-^v h- ap-Jv-X-e-^v: \n-th-Z-Is t]-cv F-gp-n-s cq-]-n- a-sm-cp \n-th-ZI-s t]-cp-am-bn tbm-Pn-p-I. D-m-c-W-n- hyXym-k-s-Sp-I-bpw sN-p-I.
34. A--ap-X-im-_n-lv: \n-th-Z-I--am-cp-sS t]cp-I- tbm-Pn-p-I-bpw ]n-Xm--m-cp-sS t]-cp-I hy-Xym-k-s-Sp-I-bpw sN-p-I.
35. kzn-b-Kp- A-Zm-Cu: l-Zo-kv \n-th-Z-\w
sN-p- co-Xn-I-. D-Zm: l--k-\m--A--_-A-\m-A-Jv-_-d-\m
36. ap-k--k: ]-c--c-bp-sS H-cp kz-`m-h-amWn-Xv. \n-th-Z-I-m- ]-c-kv-]-cw G-sX-n-ep-sam-cp
cq-]-n-tem A-h--bn-tem tbm-Pn-v h-cn-I. DZm: ap-l--Zv \-_n(-kz) X-s Xm-Sn ]n-Sn-v sImv A-l--Zn-t\m-Sv ]-d-p: A-l--Zv X-s XmSn-]n-Sn-p-sIm-v aq-k-tbm-Sv ]-d-p.
37. A-m-_n-Izv h-m-ln-Izv: c-v \n-th-Z-Im- H-tc D-kv-Xm-Zn- \n-v l-Zo-kp-I- D--cnp. Cu c-v t]-cn- H-cm- B-Zyw a-cn-p-I.
38. A- D-ep-hp- ap-Xzv-e-Jv: H-cp l-Zo-kv cv ]-c--c-I-fn-eq-sS D--cn--s-Sp-I. B-cw-`w apX--\-_n-h-sc ]-cn-K-Wn-v t\m-p-tm- H-cp ]c--c-bn- \n-th-Z-I-m-cp-sS F-w Ip-d-bv-p-I.
Cu Ip-d- ]-c--c-bp-sS t]-cv \n-th-Z-I-m-cp-sS
F-w Ip-d-bpw-tXm-dpw l-Zo-kn-s i-n h--[np--Xm-Wv.
39. A--D-eq-hp- \n-k-_v: c-v ]-c--c-bn-epw
{]-kn--\mb H-cp \n-th-Z-I- D-m-hp-I. A-bmfn-te-v tN--n-t\m-p--Xn-s\ ]-cn-K-Wn-v Hcp ]-c--c-bn- \n-th-Z-I- Ip-d-hv h-cn-I.
40. ap-km-hm-Xv: c-v ]-c--c-I-fn-se-bpw \n-thZ-I-m-cp-sS F-w Xp-ey-am-hp-I.
41. A-Jv-dm-\v: in-jy-\pw D-kv-Xm-Zpw h-b-n-tem
]-Z-hn-bn-tem Xp-ey-am-hp-I.
42. ap-Z--Pv: in-jy- D-kv-Zm-Xn- \n-pw D-kvXm-Zv in-jy-\n- \n-pw l-Zo-kv D--cn-p-I.
43. a-Pv-lq-ep- sF-\n: \n-th-Z-I-s\-p-dn-v
bm-sXm-cp A-dn-hpw C-m-Xn-cn-p-I. D-Zm: ap-l-Zv H-cp ]p-cp-j-\n- \n-v \n-th-Z-\w sN-p-p. tKv tcm-Kw ]n-im-Nm-Wv D-m-p--Xv F-v ]-d-bp l-Zo-kv t]m-se.
44. a-Pv-lq-ep--lm-en: \n-th-Z-I-s t]-cv Adn-bp-sa-n-epw A-bm- hn-iz-kv-X-\m-tWm A--tbm
F-v A-dn-bp-I-bn-. a-c-W-s--h-s A-Sp-p-shv bm-ko- Hm-Xp-hm- ]-d-bp- l-Zo-kv t]m-se
(A-_q-Zm-hq-Zv) a-kv-Xq- F-v C-Xn-\v ]-d-bpw.
45. A--C-Av-Xn-_m-: H--s- l-Zo-kn-s\ in-s-Sp-p- a-p l-Zo-kp-I- D-tm F-v ]cn-tim-[n-p--Xn-\m-Wv Cu t]-cv ]-d-bp-I. C-Xv
l-Zo-kn-s H-cp {]-tXy-I C-\-a-.
46. im-ln-Zv: H-cp l-Zo-kn-s B-i-b-tm-Sv ]Z-n-epw B-i-b-n-epw A-s-n- B-i-b-n am-{X-am-tbm tbm-Pn-p- \n-e-bv-v a-sm-cp kzP\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012

lm-_n Iq-Sn l-Zo-kv D--cn-p-I.

47. ap-Xm-_n-Av: H--s- l-Zo-kn-\v ]n--_-eam-bn a-sm-cp l-Zo-kv Iq-Sn Im-W-s-m- Cu lZokn-\v ]-d-bp- t]-cv. ]-c--c Zp--_-e-am-b-Xm-sWn- Cu t]-cv ]-d-b-s-Sp-I-bn-. [m-cm-fw l-Zokp-I- h--Xp-sIm-v A-h-sb im-ln-Zm-tbm apXm-_--Xm-tbm ]-cn-K-Wn--s-Sp-I-bn-.
48. a-lv-^q-Zv: im-lnZn-s hn-]-co-X-am-b-Xv. AXm-b-Xv G--hpw hn-izkv-X-\m-b-h-\v F-Xn-cm-bn hniz-kv-X- D--cn-m- G--hpw hn-iz-kv-X-s l-Zokn-\v a-lv-^q-fv F-pw hn-iz-kv-X-s l-Zo-kn-\v imv F-pw ]-d-bpw. D-Zm: kv-{Xo-I- ]-n-bn- ]s-Sp-v P-am-A-m-bn \-a-kv-I-cn--em-Wv D-a-sa-v A-dn-bn-p- l-Zo-kp-I--v a-lv-^q-fv Fpw ho-Sm-Wv D--a-sa-v ]-d-bp- l-Zo-kp-I-v imv F-pw ]-d-bpw.
49. a-Av-dq-^v: hn-iz-kv-X-\m-b-h-s l-Zo-kn-\v
F-Xn-cm-bn Zp--_-e- l-Zo-kv D--cn-m- hn-iz-kvX-s l-Zo-kn-\v ]-d-bp- t]-cv. D-Zm: kzp-_v-lnse Jp-\q-v A-\m-Nm-c-am-sW-v ]-d-bp- l-Zokp-I-. kv-{Xo-sb kv-]--in-m- hp-Zq ap-dn-bp-Ibn-s-v ]-d-bp- l-Zo-kp-I-.
50. ap--I-: hn-iz-kv-X-\v F-Xn-cm-bn D--cn-s- Zp--_-e-s l-Zo-kp-I-. D-Zm: kzp-_v-lv \a-kv-Im-c-n- \-_n(-kz) ]-Xn-hm-bn Jp-\q-v
sNm-n-bn-cp-p F-v ]-d-bp- l-Zo-kp-I-. kv{Xo-sb kv-]--in-m- hp-Zp ap-dn-bp-sa-v ]-d-bp-
l-Zo-kp-I-. C-h Zp--_-e-am-b-Xn-\v ]p-d-sa kz-lolm-b l-Zo-kn-\v F-Xn-cm-hp-I-bpw sN-p-p. \_n(-kz) X-dm-ho-lv 23 d-Iv-A-v \-a-kv-I-cn-p, Da-(-d) X-dm-ho-lv 23 d-Iv-A-v \-a-kv-I-cn-p F-v
]-d-bp- l-Zo-kp-I-fpw Cu C-\-n- D--s-Spp.
51. kz-lo-lp en-Zm-Xn-ln- D--X kz-`m-h KpW-ap--h- D--cn-p- l-Zo-kp-I- im-Zv t]m-epw
B-Ip-hm- ]m-Sn-.
52. kz-lo-lp en-ssK-cn-ln- D--X kz-`mhKp-Ww C-s-n-epw hn-iz-kv-X--am- X-s D--cnp- l-Zo-kp-I-. Cu Ip-d-hv C-m-Xm-p-hm-
[m-cm-fw kz-lo-lm-b ]-c--c-bn-eq-sS X-s Cu
l-Zo-kv D--cn-p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xn-p-v.
53. l-k -en-Zm-Xn-lo--hn-iz-kv-X--am- D-cn- l-Zo-kn-s\ H-p-Iq-Sn i-n-s-Sp-p-hm-
a-p ]-c--c-I- C-m-Xn-cn-p-I.
54. l-k- -en-ssK-cn-ln- H-cp l-Zo-kv kz-lmlo-b-Xm-tWm Zp--_-e-am-tWm F-v hy--am-ImXn-cp-m- B {]-hr-n-bn- \n-v \n--n-sh-s-Spw. C--cw l-Zo-kp-I--pw au-Jq-^v F-p
]-d-bpw. ti-jw K-l-\-am-b ]-T-\-n-\v ti-jw kzlo-ln-s h-i-n-\v ]n--_-ew e-`n-m- Cu lZo-kn-\m-Wv l-k-\pw-en-ssK-cn-ln F-p ]-d-bp-I.
Iq-Sp-X- Zp--_-e-am-b l-Zo-kp-I- h-m- AXp kz-lo-ln-s G-sX-n-epw C-\-n-tem l-kAu-loZv

! 26 !

\n-s G-sX-n-epw C-\-n-tem D--s-Sp-I-bn-.

A-Xv Z-Cu-^v(Zp_-e) X-s-bm-Wv. b-Ym--Yn- l-Zo-kn-s\ a-Zv-l-_n-s C-am-ap-I-fpw ]q-hn-I-cm-b an- l-Zo-kv ]-n-X-m-cpw kz-lo-lv,
f-Cu-^v F-n--s\ c-m-bn-v am-{X-am-Wv hn-`-P\w \-S-p--Xv. Zp--_-e-am-b H-cp l-Zo-kn-s\ Zp-_-e-am-b l-Zo-kp-I--sIm-v l-k-\m-p-I. As-n- k-lo-lm-p-I, ap--k-ev, ap--J-Xzo-A-v,
au-Jq-^v ap-X-em-b Zp--_-e-am-b l-Zo-kp-I-sf \_n(-k) bn-te-v D-b---s-Sp-I-bpw ]-c--c-I-
tbm-Pn--Xpw A-tXm-sSm-w Zp--_-e-am-b-Xp-am-b
l-Zo-kp-I- sIm-v kz-lotlm l-k-t\m B-pI. Cu ssi-eo ]q--hn-I-cm-b D-kp-ep- l-Zo-kns ]-n-X-m kzo-I-cn-n-n-. ssiJv A-_m-\n-t]m-ep--h-cp-sS ssi-en-bm-Wn-Xv. A-t-ln-s Alm-Zo-kp-kz-lo-l F- {K--n-se
an- l-Zo-kp-I-fpw kz-lo-lpw l-k-\pw B-nbn-p--Xv Cu ssi-en kzo-I-cn-p-sIm-m-Wv. tIc-f-n-se ap-kv-en-bm--m-cpw Cu ssi-en kzoI-c--Xp Im-Wmw. ap-Pm-ln-Zv ]-n-X-m--v Akzo-Im-cy-am-b-Xm-Wn-Xv. D-kp-eq- l-Zo-kn-s ]n-X-m-v A-kzo-Im-cy-am-b-Xm-Wn-Xv. D-kq-ep l-Zo-kn-s ]-n-X-m-cpw Cu ssi-en AwKo-I-cn-n-n-.
55. a-Xv-\v kz-lo-lm-I-- k-\-Zv kz-lo-lmb-Xp-sIm-v am-{Xw H-cp l-Zo-kv kz-lo-lm-hp-Ibn-. B-i-bpw Jp--B-\n-epw C-kv-em-an-s A-Snm-\ X-Xz---pw a-\p-jy-s kp-hy--am-b
_p-n-pw F-Xn-cmhmXn-cn-p-Ibpw sN--Ww.
(C-_v-\p- l-P-dn- A-kv-Jm-em-\n C-amw ss_l
Izn, C-amw kp-bq-^v, C-amw iu-Im-\n, C-_v-\p Pukn, C-amw Z-l-_n, ssl--an) C-_v-\p I-ko-(d)
]-d-bp-p. ]-c--c kz-lo-lm-bn F--Xv l-Zo-kns\ kz-lo-lm-p-I-bn-. (A---_m-C-kv) a-iv-lq, A-ko-kv, K-co-_v, a--^q-A-v, ap-kv-\-Zv, ap-k-k-e, im-ln-Zv, ap-Xm-_n-A, ap-X-em-b-h-bp-sS ]-c-c kz-lo-lm-bm- kzo-I-cn--s-Spw. ap--kp-epkz-lm-_n `q-cn-]-w ]-n-X-m-cpw Aw-Ko-I-cnp-p. ap-Z-n-kn-s A--A-\-v kzo-I-cn-p-Ibn-. ap-A--Jv, ap-A-f-, ap--k-, ap-fv-Xz-d-_v, apZv-d-Pv, ap-Jv-X-e-Xzv im-v ap--I- ap-X-em-b-h X-s-Sp--h-bm-Wv.
f-Cu-^m-b l-Zo-kvsIm-v A-a- sN-- ]mSn-s-v l-Zo-kv ]-n-X-m- G-tIm-]n-n-v ]d-bp-p. t{i-jv-T-X hn-h-cn-p--Xn- C-h A-h-ew_n-m-sa-v Nn-e I--a im-kv-{X-]-n-X-m- am{X-am-Wv ]-d-bp--Xv. C-h- X-s C-Xn-\v aq-v hyh--I-fpw \n--tZ-in-p-p-v. ]-n-X-m--v
kw-`-hn-p- ]n-g-hp-I-fn- s]--Xm-Wn-Xv. a-Zv-l_n-s C-am-ap-I--n-S-bn-ep- `n--X J-_-dp-
hm-ln-Zm-b l-Zo-kv kz-lo-lm-bm- X-s A-a-
sN-p-hm- C-Xp-sIm-v ]-p-tam F--Xm-Wv.
#

P\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012

Ihtmdn

kn apl-Zv keow kpan

hymP lZo-kp-I
D-hhpw Imc-W
- fpw
hn-ip- Izp--B-t]m-se \_n(-kz)-bpsS Im e-p-Xs l-Zo-kp-I-fp-sS
k-am-lm-cw \-S-m Xv sIm-v X-ev-]-c-I-n-I-fpw Kq-tVm-t-iyw D-nsem-fn-n-p-sh--h-cpw C-kv-em-an-s\-Xn-sc hn-hn-[ am--K--fn- {]-h--n-h-cp-sa-mw A-h-cp-sS A-h-k-c-- D-]-tbm-K-s-Sp-n. hn-hn-[ B-hiy---m-bn Hm-tcm-cp--cpw \-_n(kz)-bp-sS t]-cn- I-f-hp-I- ]-d-bpI-bpw {]-N-cn-n-p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. \n-jv-I-f--cpw \n-jv-I-]-S-cp-am-b B-fpI-sf C--cw I-f-hp-I-fp-sS h-e-bn- s]-Sp-m- {i-an-p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp.

-kv-em-an-s A-Sn-m-\ {]-amW--fm-Wv hn-ip- Izp--B-\pw Xncp-kp--pw. C-Xv c-n-s\-bpw Ah-ew-_n-m-Wv C-kv-em-an-I hn-izmk--fpw B-cm-[-\m A-\p-jv-Tm-\-fpw kz-`m-h-kw-kv-Im-c ta-J-e-Ifp-sa-mw cq-]-s-Sp--Xv. \-_n(-kz)
Po-hn--Im-e-v A-hn-Sp-v ]m-cm-bWw sN-bv-Xp-sIm-Sp-p- hn-ip-
Izp--B- hm-Iy--fn- \n-pw AAu-loZv

! 27 !

hn-Sp-s \-S-]-Sn-{I-a--fn- \n-pw a-Xw ]-Tn-pI-bm-bn-cp-p A-hn-Sp-s in-jy-m- sN-bv-Xn-cp-Xv. hn-ip- Izp--B- hn-hn-[ {]-X-e--fn-epw
a-\p-jy-a-\-p-I-fn-epw tc-J-s-Sp-n A-h- kqn-n-cp-p.
{]-hm-N-I-N-cy-bm-I-s, \-_n(-kz)-bn-\n-v t\cn-v I-pwtIpw ]-Tn-p-I-bpw ]-I--p-I-bp-ambn-cp-p sN-bv-Xn-cp--Xv. A-dn-bm--h- tNm-Znpw A-t\z-jn-pw a-\-nem-p-I-bpw A-Xym-hiy-ap--h A-ev-]m-ev-]-am-bn tc-J-s-Sp-n-sh-bvP\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012

p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xn-cp-p. hn-ip- Izp--B- BZy-w {]-hm-N-I-s Im-e-p-X-s tc-J-s-Spp-I-bpw A-_q-_-Iv-dn(-d)s Im-e-v A-Xv Hscm- ]p-kv-X-I-am-bn "ap-kzv-l-^v' cq-]-s-Sp-I-bpw
sN-bv-Xp. ]n-o-Sv A-Xn-s ]-I--p-I- F-Sp-v
hn-hn-[ cm-Py--fn- F-n-p-I-bp-ap-m-bn. Cpw A-tX ap-kzv-l-^n-s ]-I--p-I- X-s
\mw A-h-ew-_n-p-p.
\-_n-N-cy-sb kw-_-n-v C--c-sam-cp nXn D-m-bn-. A-Xv hm-p-I-fn-eq-sS-bpw {]-hrn-I-fn-eq-sS-bpw X-e-ap-d-I-fn-te-v ssI-am-dp-Ibm-Wp-m-b-Xv. F-gp--dn-bm-hp- G-Xm-\pw Nne- kz-Im-cy B-h-iy---m-bn A-h-bn- Nn-esX-mw F-gp-Xn kq-n-p-I-bpw ]-Tn-p-I-bpw
sN-bv-Xn-cp-p-sh-n-epw hym-]-I-am-bn F-gp-Xn-kqn-n-cp-n-. H-pw c-pw \q-m-v ]n-n--tXmsS, \-_n-N-cy ]q--W-am-bn tc-J-s-Sp-n-sh-W-sa- Nn--bpw B-h-iy-hpw h-cn-I-bpw A-Xn\mbp- {i-a-- \-S-p-I-bp-ap-m-bn. ImcWw \
_n(-kz)-bn \nv t\cnv Zo ]Tn kzlm-_nam Cu temI-tmSv hnS-]-d-p. \m\m-Zn-pI-fnepw ]pXnb Xe-ap-d-I Ckvem-an-tev ISp-h-p-sIm-n-cp-p. Am-es ]n-X-hcy-m-cpsS BmYamb {ia^-e-am-bn \-_n-Ncy-bp-sS k-am-lm-c--fm-b l-Zo-kv {K--- cq]-s-Sp-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp.
hn-ip- Izp--B-t]m-se \_n(-kz)-bpsS Im
e-p-Xs l-Zo-kp-I-fp-sS k-am-lm-cw \-S-m
Xv sIm-v X-ev-]-c-I-n-I-fpw Kq-tVm-t-iyw
D-n-sem-fn-n-p-sh--h-cpw C-kv-em-an-s\-Xn-sc hnhn-[ am--K--fn- {]-h--n--h-cp-sa-mw A-h-cpsS A-h-k-c-- D-]-tbm-K-s-Sp-n. hn-hn-[ Bh-iy---m-bn Hm-tcm-cp--cpw \-_n(kz)-bp-sS
t]-cn- I-f-hp-I- ]-d-bp-I-bpw {]-N-cn-n-p-I-bpw
sN-bv-Xp. \n-jv-I-f--cpw \n-jv-I-]-S-cp-am-b B-fpI-sf C--cw I-f-hp-I-fp-sS h-e-bn- s]-Sp-m {i-an-p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. C-Xn-s ^-e-am-bn ]n-m-e-v C-kv-em-an-I tem-I-v [m-cm-fw A-hn-izm-k--fpw A-\m-Nm-c--fpw A-_--P-Une-hpw bp-n-hn-cp--hp-am-b B-i-b--fpw {]-N-cnp-I-bp-m-bn.
C--cw A-Sn-m-\-c-ln-X-amb Im-cy--fn-
\n-v ap-kv-enw k-aq-l-s \-sm-c-f-thm-fw c-s-Sp-m- C-kv-em-an-I ]-n-X-m-cp-sS I-Tn-\{i-a---v km-[n-p-I-bp-m-bn. F-n-epw C-cw ssh-I-ey--fp-sS kzm-[o-\w C-pw C-kvem-an-I k-aq-l-n- \n-e-\n--p-p-sh-p-Xv G-sd Zp:J-I-c-am-b H-c-h--X-s-bm-Wv. hymP-l-Zo-kp-I- \n--an-p-I-bpw A-Xv {]-N-cn-n-pI-bpw sN-bv-X-Xn-\v {]-tXy-I-am-b Nn-e km-l-Ncy--fpw Im-c-W--fp-ap-m-bn-cp-p-sh-v N-cn-{X]-cn-tim-[-\-bn- \n-v \-ap-v a-\-n-em-Ip--XmWv.
Au-loZv

! 28 !

hym-P- l-Zo-kv D--hw

\-_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n(-kz) h-f--n-sb-Sp- A-hnSp-s A-cp-a-in-jy-m- H-cn--epw A-hn-Sp-s
t]-cn- I-f-hv ]-d-bp-I-tbm {]-N-c-n-p-I-tbm sNp--h-cm-bn-cp-n-. A-h--m--pw A-Xn-\p Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-n-. A-h-sc-mw \o-Xn-am-m-cpw kXy-k--m-cpw hn-iz-kv-X-cp-am-bn-cp-p. A-m-lphn-s Xr-]v-Xn t\-Sn-b-h-sc-v A-h-sc hn-ip-
Izp--B-\n-eq-sS A-m-lp {]-tXy-Iw ]p-I-gv-n-d-bp-I-bpw sN-bv-X-h-cm-Wv (9:100). C-Xn-\p-]p-d-sa
Xn-cp-Zq-X-cp-sS t]-cn- I-f-hp ]-d-bp--Xv A-tb-w Kp-cp-X-c-am-b Ip--am-bn A-h- a-\-n-em-pI-bpw sN-bv-Xn-cp-p. F-s ta- t_m-[-]q--hw
I-f-hv ]-d-bp--h- \-c-I-n- A-h-s m-\w
H-cp-n-sm--s'' (_p-Jm-cn, ap-kv-enw) F- \_n-h-N-\w G-sXm-cp hn-izm-kn-bp-sS-bpw a-\-n C-Sn-ap-g-w kr-jv-Sn-p--Xm-Wv. A-tm-, Ahn-Sp-s {]-Y-a in-jy-m-cm-b kz-lm-_n h-cym- C-Xn- F-{X-tm-fw kq-v-a-X ]p-e--nbn-cn-p-sa-v Hm--m-hp--tX-bp-q. {]-hm-N-I
in-jy-\m-b _-dm-Av-_v-\p- B-kn-_v(-d) ]-d-bp-Xv t\m-p-I. R--sf-m-h-cpw \-_n(-kz)-bn \n-v l-Zo-kv tI--p--h-cm-bn-cp-n-. R--s-mw tPm-en-bpw Ip-Spw-_ _m-[y-X-bp-apm-bn-cp-p. P-\---v I-f-hv ]-d-bm-\-dn-bn-mbn-cp-p. A-h- Xn-cp-Zq-X-cp-sS k-n-[n-bn- \nv ]-Tn--Xv lm-P-cn-m--h--v F-n-p-I-bmbn-cp-p sN-bv-Xn-cp--Xv (ss_-l-Izn)
F-m-, ]n--m-e-v C-Xn- am--- hp-Xp-S-n. P-\--- ]-e `m-K--fn-te-pw bm{X t]m-hp-I-bpw A-hn-S--fn- C-kv-emw {]-N-cnp-I-bpw sN-bv-X-tXm-sS [m-cm-fw B-fp-I- Ckv-em-an-te-v I-S-p-h-p. Po-hn-X-co-Xn-bn-epw kml-N-cy--fn-epw h- Cu am-w Cu ta-J-e-bnepw {]-Xy--s-p-Xp-S-n. aq-mw J-eo-^ D-kvam-(-d)-hn-s h-[-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn C-kv-em-an-I k-aq.............................................................................

{]-hm-N-I in-jy-\m-b _-dm-Av-_v-\p B-kn-_v(-d) ]-d-bp--Xv t\m-pI. R--sf-m-h-cpw \-_n(-kz)-bn-

\n-v l-Zo-kv tI--p--h-cm-bn-cpn-. R---s-mw tPm-en-bpw
Ip-Spw-_ _m-[y-X-bp-ap-m-bn-cp-p.
P-\---v I-f-hv ]-d-bm-\-dn-bn-mbn-cp-p. A-h- Xn-cp-Zq-X-cp-sS k-n[n-bn- \n-v ]-Tn--Xv lm-P-cn-m-h--v F-n-p-I-bm-bn-cp-p
sN-bv-Xn-cp--Xv (ss_-l-Izn)
.............................................................................
P\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012

.............................................................................

C-_v-\p-A-m-kv(-d)-hn-s
hm-p-I- {i-n-p-I.
A-m-lp-hn-s Zq-X-
]-d-n-cn-p-p-sh-v
]-d-p-sIm-v B-sc-n-epw
kw-km-cn-m- R--f-Xn-te-v
I-pw Im-Xpw \-ev-In {i-n-p-ambn-cp-p. F-m- P-\-- sX-n-sbpw i-cn-bp-sS-Xp-am-b am--K--fn-tev I-S-p-sNm- Xp-S-n-b-tXm-sS
P-\--fn-\n-v R--
kzo-I-cn-m- A-h--h-p.
(ap-J-n-a-p ap-kv-enw)
.............................................................................
l-n- ]p-Xn-b co-Xn-bn-ep- tN-cn-Xn-cn-hp-I-
{]-Xy--s-p. C-Xn-s ^-e-am-bn ]-c-kv-]-cw AI-pw t]m-c-Sn-pw \n- hn-`m-K-- X--fp-sS
\n-e-]m-Sp-I-sf \ym-bo-I-cn-m-\pw km-[q-I-cn-m\pw {]-hm-N-I-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bp-sS t]-cn- I-f-hp-I-
]-d-p-m-m-\pw Xp-S-n. C-kv-em-an--\n-v AI- I-n-I-fm-Wv C-Xn-s\-mw t\-Xr-Xzw sImSp--Xv. C-_v-\p-A-m-kv(-d)-hn-s hm-p-I- {in-p-I. A-m-lp-hn-s Zq-X- ]-d-n-cn-p-psh-v ]-d-p-sIm-v B-sc-n-epw kw-km-cn-m R--f-Xn-te-v I-pw Im-Xpw \-ev-In {i-np-am-bn-cp-p. F-m- P-\-- sX-n-s-bpw
i-cn-bp-sS-Xp-am-b am--K--fn-te-v I-S-p-sNm Xp-S-n-b-tXm-sS P-\--fn-\n-v R-- kzoI-cn-m- A-h--h-p. (ap-J-n-a-p ap-kv-enw)

Nn-e Im-c-W--
A-m-lp-hn-s d-kq-(-kz) ]-d-n-cn-p-p
F-v ]-d-p-sIm-v H-cp-Im-cyw ]-d-bp-tm- AXn-\p e-`n-p- kzo-Im-cy-X-bm-Wv hym-P-l-Zo-kpI- {]-N-cn-n-p-sIm-v Im-cy-- km-[n-s-Spm- t{]-c-I-am-b-Xv. A-m-lp ]-d-n-cn-p-psh-v ]-d-bp-tm- A-Xv hn-ip- Izp--B- ]cn-tim-[n-m- Xo-cp-am-\n-m- I-gn-bp- Im-cyam-bn-cp--Xn-\m- A-Xn-em-cpw A-{X-X-s {i-sIm-Sp-n-. \-_n-N-cy ]q--W-am-bpw k-am-l-cnn F- Im-c-Ww-sIm-v am-{Xw A-Xv ap-X-se-Spp-I-bm-bn-cp-p Zp-jv-S-em-p--h- sN-bv-X-Xv.
cm-jv-{So-b-hpw hw-io-b-hpw hn-`m-Ko-b-hpw I-n]-c-hpw a-Zv-l-_v ]-c-hp-am-b Im-c-W---v ]p-dsa a-X-\n-tj-[n-I-fpw `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-fpw kn-_-n-I-fpw Xp-S-n I-Ym-Im-c-m-cpw F-mw Ah-cp-tS-Xm-b ]-v C-Xn- h-ln-n-p-v. k--thm]cn a-X-hn-izm-kn-I-fm-b `--m- P-\--fn- hnizm-k-hpw B-cm-[-\-hpw h--[n-n-m- D-t-in-pAu-loZv

! 29 !

sIm-v ]p-Wy-I--a-- F- t]-cn- [m-cm-fw

B-cm-[-\-I- ]-S-p-m-p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. ]pWyI--a--fn-te-v P-\--sf t{]-cn-n-m- F-
\n-e-v sN-dn-b sN-dn-b Im-cy---p-t]m-epw hn- {]-Xn-^-ew hm-Kv-Zm-\w sN-p- \-_n-h-N\-- ]-d-p-m-n. C--s\ F-mw-sIm-pw
\-_n(-kz)-bp-sS t]-cn- [m-cm-fw I-f-hp-I- kaq-l-a-[y-n- {]-N-cn-p.

cm-jv-{So-b Xm-ev-]-cy---p-th-n
{]-hm-N-I-s Im-e-ti-jw \m-ep -J-eo-^-am-
C-kv-em-an-I Jn-em-^-v \-S-p-I-bp-m-bn. AXn-s\-p-S--v h- D-a-ho-Im-e-L--hpw A-mkn-bm Im-e-L--hpw A-[n-Im-c-n-\p-th-n-bp-
a--c-- \-S- L---fm-Wv. Cu a--c-n-
Hm-tcm I-n-bpw X--fp-sS A-[n-Im-cw \-_n(kz)
{]-h-Nn--X-\p-k-cn-p--Xm-sW-v h-cp-n-o-m- {i-an-p-I-bp-m-bn. C-Xn-\m-bn \-_n-h-N\-- N-a-p-m-p-I-bm-Wv Hm-tcm-cp--cpw sNbv-X-Xv.
D-a-ho `-c-W-n-s-Xn-sc A-Y-hm _-\q D-a-
tKm-{X-n-s-Xn-sc {]-N-cn-n--s- \-_n-h-N-\-fp-sS cq-]w t\m-p-I. ap-B-hn-b-sb ss_-Av sN-bv-X-ti-jw A-en(-d)-hn-s ]p-{X- l-k(-d)-hn-s t\-sc sN-p-sIm-v H-cm- ]-d-p:
Xm-- ap-kv-enw-I-fp-sS ap-Jw h-j-fm-n. C-XptI- l-k-(-d) ]-d-p. \o F-s B-t-]ncp-Xv. \-_n(-kz) _-\q- D-a--sb X-s an--dn-
(kz-]v-\-n-) Im-Wp-I-bpw A-Xv A-hn-Sp-tv {]-bm-k-ap-m-p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xn-p-v. A-tm A-Xn-s\-p-dn-m-Wv KdG YCG fEG F- A-[ymb-hpw Q~dG d dfCG fEG F- A-[ym-b-hpw A-h-Xcn--Xv. ap-l--Zv, Xm---p-ti-jw _-\q-D-a- A[n-Im-cw I--S-pw(-Xn--an-Zn). C-tX-t]m-se a-smcp dn-tm--v t\m-p-I. d-kq-(-kz) l-I-ap-_v-\p
A-_p--B-kzn-s a-- Ip-c-n-s\-tm-se Xs an--dn-te-v Nm-Sn--b-dp--Xv (kz-]v-\-n)Im-Wp-I-bp-m-bn. A-Xv A-hn-Sp-t-v h-en-b
{]-bm-k-ap-m-n. A-Xn-\p-ti-jw A-hn-Sp-v a-cnp-thm-fw H-cn--epw Nn-cn-p-I-bp-m-bn-n-. Cu
hn-j-b-n- A-m-lp

AG`SEG) S`d a G `jQCG dG jDhdG L `eh

(fG IdG)
F- B-b-v A-h-X-cn-n-p. (C-_v-\p-P-co-).
Cu kq--n- X-s Xp-S--v ]-cm-a--in-p i-]n--s- hr-w (fG IdG) F--Xp-sImv D-t-in-p--Xv _-\q D-a--bm-sW-v hym-Jym\n-p-sIm-p- dn-tm--p-I-fpw h-cn-I-bp-m-bn.
F-m- C-Xn-\v hy-Xy-kv-X-am-bn A-m-ko `c-W-Iq-S-s-p-dn- k-tm-j-hm---b-dn-bn-psIm-p- [m-cm-fw "\-_n-h-N-\'-fpw C-Xp-t]mse {]-Nm-c-n- h-cn-I-bp-m-bn. Nn-e-Xv t\mP\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012

p-I.
H-cn-- \-_n(-kz) A-m-kn-(d)t\m-Sv ]-dp: \n--fp-sS Iq--n- \n-m-Wv {]-hm-N-IXz-hpw A-[n-Im-c-hpw (ss_-l-Izn). a-sm-cn--
\-_n (kz) A-m-kn-s\ hn-fn-v A-t-l-s Hcp h-kv-{X-a-Wn-bn-v A-t-l-n-\pw ]n-o-Sv h-cp a---pw th-n Zo--L-am-bn {]m--Yn-p. AXn- Jn-em-^-v A-t-l-n-s Ip-Spw-_-]-c-c-bn- \n-e-\n--m--th-n-bpw {]m--Yn-p-I-bpm-bn (Xn--an-Zn). a-sm-cp-\-_n-h-N-\w t\m-p-I.
\-_n(-kz) A-m-kn-s\ t\m-n-sm-v ]-d-p.
C-Xv F-s ]n-Xr-k-tlm-Z-c-\m-Wv. \m-ev-]-Xv Jeo-^-am-cp-sS ]n-Xm-hv. Izp-ssd-in-I-fn-se G--hpw
h-en-b D-Zm-c-, G--hpw kp--c-\pw. C-t-l-ns a--fm-Wv k-^v-^m-lv, a--kzq-, a-lv-Zn Fn-h-. ]n-Xr-k-tlm-Z-cm, F-n-eq-sS A-m-lp
Cu Im-cyw Xp-d-p. C-\n Xm--fp-sS H-cp ]p-{X\n-eq-sS C-Xv A-h-km-\n-n-p-Ip-bw sN-pw. ap Nn-e dn-tm--p-I-fn- A-m-kv Ip-Spw-_-n \n-v A-[n-Im-cw Xp-S-n A-Xv Cu-km-\ _nbn- F-p-thm-fw \o-p-\n--p-sa-v ]-d-bp-Xm-bn Im-Wmw (Z-bv-e-an)
io-B hn-`m-Kw A-m-kn-b, Jn-em-^-n-s\Xn-sc Xn-cn-bm-Xn-cn-m- N-a-p-m-n-b Nn-e hN-\--fpw c-k-I-c-am-Wv. C-h-bn-e-[n-I-hpw A-en(d) X-s dn-tm--v sN-p--tXm A-en-bp-sS kmn-[y-n- \-_n(-kz) ]-d-bp--Xm-bn a-p--h-
dn-tm--v sN-p- cq-]-n-tem B-Wv. A-en(-d)
X-s dn-tm--v sN-p--Xm-bn ]-d-bp- H-n-
Pn-_v-cn-(-A) H-cn-- I-dp--X-e-m-hpw I-dp h-kv-{X-hp-a-Wn-v \-_n(-kz)bp-sS A-cn-sI
h-p. C-Xv F-m-Wv C--s\ ]-Xn-hn-m- thj-n- F-v tNm-Zn--tm- Pn-_v-co- ]-d-Xv C-Xv A-m-kn-s a--fp-sS cm-P-Io-b th-jam-Wv F-m-Wv. a-sm-cn-- A-en-bp-sS km-n[y-n- sh-v \-_n(-kz) A-m-kn-t\m-Sv ]-dp: A-[n-Im-cw Xm--fp-sS a--fn-em-bn-cn-pw.
F-n-v A-en-bp-sS t\-sc-Xn-cn-p ]-d-p. \ns a--fn- B--pw C-Xv e-`n-p-I-bn-. C-s\ th-sd-bpw dn-tm--p-I-fp-v.
C-Xn-\v hn-cp--am-b \-_n-h-N-\--fpw [m-cm-fw
dn-tm--v sN--s--Xm-bn Im-Wmw. \-_n(-kz) ]d--Xm-bn Yu-_m- dn-tm--v sN-p-p. Am-kv Ip-Spw-_-n-\v \m-iw. A-h-sc I-dp-v hkv{X-a-Wn-bn-p. \-c-I-n-se h-kv-{X-am-Wv A-m-lp
[-cn-n--Xv. A-h-cp-sS \m-iw, C-h-cp-sS Ip-Spw-_n-se H-cm- h-gn-bm-bn-cn-pw F-p ]-d-psIm-v D-p-l-_o-_-bp-sS t\-sc \-_n(-kz) Nqn. I-dp- ]-Xm-I-bp-sS B-Zyw ^n-Xv-\-bpw a[yw
{]-bm-k-hpw A-h-km-\w \m-i-hp-am-bn-cn-p-sa-v
]-d-bp- th-sd-bpw dn-tm--p-I-fp-v. (hn-i-Zo-Ic-W-n-\v kp-bq-Xzn-bp-sS Xm-co-Jp- Jp-e-^m-Av
t\m-p-I). C--s\ c-jv-{So-b Xm-ev-]-cy---pAu-loZv

! 30 !

th-n Hm-tcm-cp--cpw \-_n(-kz)-bp-sS t]-cn-

[m-cm-fw I-f-hp-I- {]-N-cn-n-p-I-bp-m-bn.

a-X-\n-tj-[n-I-
C-kv-em-an-s A-Sn--m-\ {]-am-W--fm-b hnip- Izp--B-t\m-Spw Xn-cp-\-_n-bp-sS {]-kv-Xm-h-tfm-Spw H-pw tbm-Pn-m- bp-n-iq-\y-hpw
hn-Uv-Vn-h
-- p-am-b B-i-b-- hn-izm-kn-I--nS-bn- {]-N-cn-n-p-I-bm-Wv C-h- sN-bv-X-Xv. Ckv-em-an-s\ A--Y-iq-\y-am-n P-\--sf A-Xn-
\n-v A-I-p-I F--Xm-Wv C-h- C-Xp-sIm-v ey-am-n-bn-cp--Xv. km-am-\y-_p-n-bpw a-\p-jy{]-Ir-Xn-bpw Aw-Ko-I-cn-m- H--\-h-[n Im-cy- C-h- \-_n-h-N-\-- F- t]-cn- {]-N-cn-np-I-bp-m-bn. C-h-cp-sS D-]-{Z-h-- Im-c-Ww
A-m-kn `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-fn- Nn-e- C--cw Bfp-I-sf I-p-]n-Sn-v h-[n-p-I-f-bp-I h-sc-bp-mbn. C-h-cn- Nn-e- A-m-kn-I--s-Xn-cn-epw lZo-kp-I- D-m-n-bn-cp-p. C-amw kp-bq-Xzn At-l-n-s Xm-co-Jp- Jp-e-^m-C- D--cn-p-Xv t\m-p-I (]p-dw 216).
lm-dq- A--d-io-Zv H-cp a-X-\n-tj-[n-sb h-[nm- I-ev-]n-p. D-S-s\ A-h- tNm-Zn-p. F-n\m-Wv F-s h-[n-p--Xv? lm-dq- d-io-Zv ]-dp. P-\---v \n-n--\n-v c--In-m-. Atm- A-h- ]-d-bp--Xv. Xm-- F-v hn-Nm-cnp-p. Rm- {]-hm-N-I-s t]-cn- B-bn-cw lZo-kp-I- \n--an-n-p-v. A-Xn- H-c--cw-t]m-epw
{]-hm-N-I- ]-d--X-. C-Xp-tI- lm-dq-- d-ioZv ]-d-p. A-m-lp-hn-s i-{Xp-th \n-s I-Ysb-m-Wv? A-sX-mw A--cw-{]-Xn A-_q-C-kvlm-Jv A--^-km-cn-bpw A-_v-Zp-m-ln-_v-\p-ap-_md-Ipw th--Xn-cn-p-sh-n-cn-p-p'' (C-_v-\p-A-kmIn-)
C-cw- \n--an-Xn-I-sf-mw A--s a-lm-]n-X-m- th--Xn-cn-p-sh-p F-p--Xv F-pam-{Xw A-\p-{K-l-]q--W-am-b H-cp Im-cy-am-Wv. Nne \n-tj-[n-I- X-s A-[ym-]-I-s {K---fn.............................................................................

C-kv-em-an-s A-Sn--m-\ {]-am-W-fm-b hn-ip- Izp--B-t\m-Spw Xn-cp-\_n-bp-sS {]-kv-Xm-h--tfm-Spw H-pw

tbm-Pn-m- bp-n-iq-\y-hpw hn-UvVn--hp-am-b B-i-b-- hn-izm-knI-
- n-Sb
- n- {]-Nc
- n-n-p-Ib
- m-Wv Ch- sN-bv-X-Xv. C-kv-em-an-s\ A--Y-iq\y-am-n P-\--sf A-Xn- \n-v AI-p-I F--Xm-Wv C-h- C-Xp-sIm-v
e-y-am-n-bn-cp--Xv.
.............................................................................
P\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012

.............................................................................

I-Y P-\--sf B-I--jn-p- Im-cyam-Wv. I-Y-bm-bn ]-d-bp--Xn-te-v P\--fp-S {i- s]-s-v Xn-cn-bpw. AXp-sIm-p-X-s \-_n(-kz)-bp-sS t]cn- I-Y-bp-m-n A-h-X-cn-n-v P\-k-n-Xn t\-Sp-I-bpw A-Xn-eq-sS Pohn-tXm-]m-[n tX-Sp-I-bpw sN-p- Nne-cm-Wv C--cw B-fp-I-. H-pw hniz-k-\o-b-a-m- Im-cy-- \-_n
(kz) ]-d-n-cn-p-p-sh-v ]-d-v
A-h-X-cn-n-p-tm- km-[m-c-W-mcm-b B-fp-I- A-h-cn-te-v {i-
sIm-Sp-p-p.
.............................................................................
A-t-l-n-s A-{i--bn- C-cw I-
l-Zo-kp-I- I-S-n-q-n-b-Xm-bpw dn-tm--v sNs-n-p-v. H-cp-\n-tj-[n- \m-\q-dv l-Zo-kp-I-
\-_n-bp-sS t]-cn- N-a--Xmbn X-tm-Sv k--Xnp-sh-v A-m-kn Im-e-L--n-se `-c-Wm-[n-Imcn-bm-b a-lv-Zn ]-d-bp-p. C--cw I--{]-Nm-c-W- F-p-am-{Xw h-en-b D-]-{Z-h-am-Wv C-kv-em-anI k-aq-l-n-\v h-cp-n-sh-n-p--Xv!

I- Y m- I m- c - m-
I-Y P-\--sf B-I--jn-p- Im-cy-am-Wv. IY-bm-bn ]-d-bp--Xn-te-v P-\--fp-S {i- s]s-v Xn-cn-bpw. A-Xp-sIm-p-X-s \-_n(-kz)bp-sS t]-cn- I-Y-bp-m-n A-h-X-cn-n-v P-\k-n-Xn t\-Sp-I-bpw A-Xn-eq-sS Po-hn-tXm-]m-[n
tX-Sp-I-bpw sN-p- Nn-e-cm-Wv C--cw B-fp-I. H-pw hn-iz-k-\o-b-a-m- Im-cy-- \-_n(kz)
]-d-n-cn-p-p-sh-v ]-d-v A-h-X-cn-n-ptm- km-[m-c-W-m-cm-b B-fp-I- A-h-cn-tev {i- sIm-Sp-p-p. Im-cy-- th--Xn-cn--dnbm- am-{Xw hn-th-I-hpw A-dn-hp-an-m--h- CsX-mw t\-cm-sW- [m-c-W-bn- Aw-Ko-I-cn-pI-bpw sN-p-p. C--cw I-Ym-Im-c-m- ]-S-phn- \-_n-h-N-\--fpw kp-e-`-am-Wv. C-_v-\p--Pukn D--cn-p--Xv t\m-p-I. A-_v-Zp--h-eoZv Az-bm-e-kn ]-d-p. Rm- ip-A-_-tbm-sSm-nn-cn-p-I-bm-bn-cp-p. A-tm- H-cp bp-hm-hv hp. F-n-v l-Zo-kv tNm-Zn-p. A-tm- ip-Av_ A-h-t\m-Sv tNm-Zn-p. \o I-Ym-Im-c-\m-tWm?
A-h-. A-sX. A-tm- ip-Av-_ ]-d-p. t]mhpI. \mw I-Ym-Im-c-m-tcm-Sv l-Zo-kv ]-d-bm-dn-.
A-h- H-cp Nm- \o-f-ap- l-Zo-kv H-cp-ap-g-amn am-pw. (jQcG UdG) F- {K--n- D-cn--Xv)
I-Ym-Im-c-m--v s]m-Xp-P-\--fn-ep- kzmAu-loZv

! 31 !

[o-\w hy--am-p- a-sm-cp kw-`-hw t\m-pI. C-amw A-_q-l-\o-^-bp-sS am-Xm-hv H-cp hn-jb-n- a-X-hn-[n tX-Sn-b-tm- A-_q-l-\o-^ Xs A-h--v ^-Xv-h sIm-Sp-p. F-m-, amXm-hv A-Xv kzo-I-cn-n-. A-h- ]-d-p. I-YmIm-c-\m-b k--A ]-d-bp--X-m-sX Rm- kzo-Icn-p-I-bn-. D-S-s\ D--sb-bpw sIm-v A-_ql-\o-^ A-hn-sS-sN-p. A-_q-l-\o-^ hn-j-bw
A-h-X-cn-n-p. D-S-s\ k--A ]-d-p. Xm--
X-s hn-[n ]-d-p-sIm-Sp-p-I. Xm--fm-Wv Ft-m- Iq-Sp-X- hn-h-c-ap--bm-. A-tm-
A-_q-l-\o-^ ]-d-p. Rm- C--s\-sb-m-amWv hn-[n F-v ]-d-p-sIm-Sp--Xv. C-Xp-tI-v
k--A ]-d-p. A-_q-l-\o-^ ]-d--Xp-t]m-seX-s-bm-Wv Rm-\pw ]-d-bp--Xv. C-tXm-sS D-
Xr-]v-X-bm-hp-I-bpw a-S-n-tm-cp-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp.
a-lm-]-n-X-\m-b A-_q-l-\o-^-bp-sS am-Xmhn-s Im-cyw-t]m-epw C--s\-bm-sW-n- a-p-h-cp-sS I-Y ]-d-tb--Xp-tm? P-\--sf \-bn-te-v t{]-cn-n-p-I F- D-t-iy-tm-SpIq-Sn-bpw I-Y-I- sa-\-p-m-n-bn-cp-p. Fm- G-Xp-t-iy-n-em-bn-cp-m-epw \-_n-(kz)bpsS t]-cn- C-m--Xv ]-d-bp-I-sb--Xv A-Xo-hKp-cp-X-c-am-b Im-cyw X-s-bm-Wv.
ta--]-d- Im-c-W---s-mw ]p-d-sa a-p
Nn-e Im-c-W--fpw hym-P-l-Zo-kv \n--am-W-n-\v
t{]-c-I-am-bn-p-v. a-Zv-l-_v ]--]m-Xn-Xz-hpw I-a-im-kv-{X-`n--X-I-fpw C-Xn- {]-[m-\-am-Wv. C-amw
im-^n-Cu(-d)-sb-p-dn-v \-_n(-kz) ]-d--Xm-bn
]-d-bp- Hcp hymPdn-tm--v t\m-p-I. ""F-s
k-ap-Zm-b-n- ap-l--Zp-_v-\p C-Zv-co-kv(C-amw im^n-Cu) F-sm-cm- D-m-Ipw. A-bm- C-_veo-kn-s\-m- F-s k-ap-Zm-b-n-\v D-]-{Z-h-ambn-cn-pw.'' C-Xn-s\ Xp-S--ph-cp- hm-N-Iw Bcm-Wv C-Xp-m-n-b-sX-v t_m-[y-am-p- X-cn-em-Wv. ""A-_q-l-\o-^ F-s k-ap-Zm-b-ns sI-Sm-hn-f-m-Wv'' C--s\ I-n-I--p-thn-bpw I--a-im-kv-{X ho--W-hy-Xym-k---\p-k-cn-pw l-Zo-kp-I- ]-S-p-m-n-bn-p-v.
C-h-sb-mw Xn-cn--dn-bp- hn-[w l-Zo-kv kzoIm-c--Xn-c-kv-Im-c-n-\v A-Sn--m-\-am-bn h--nt- \n-Zm-\-im-kv-{Xw A-m-e-p-X-s ]n-X-m- cq-]o-I-cn-p-I-bpw P-\--sf C-cw Ir-{Xna Xn-cn--dn-bm-\m-h-iy-am-b am--Ktc-J \--Ip-I-bpw sN-bv-Xn-p-v. C-Xn-s A-Snm-\-n- C-pw \-ap-v I--t-cp--h-I- Xncn--dn-bm- I-gn-bp-p. F-m-, Zp-jv-S-em-p-I Ch X-s tX-Sn-n-Sn-v {]-N-cn-n-p--sh-p-Xv G-sd Zp:J-I-c-am-Wv. C--cw hym-P-\n--anXn-I-fp-sS Zp-zm-[o-\w ap-kv-enw k-aq-l-n- Cpw \n-e-\n--p-p-sh-p--Xv {]-t_m-[-\-cwK-v {]-h--n-p--h-sc D-W--p Nn-n-m-
t{]-cn-n-t- Im-cy-am-Wv.
#
P\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012

Ihtmdn

F A_vZp-emw kpan

lZo-kp-I \_n(-kz) ]d-X

- mbn
ncs-SpsX-s\?
lZo-kp-Iv k\-Zv, aXv\v Fn-s\ cv `mK-f
- p-v. \_n(-kz) ]d
hmp-Itfm {]hr-n-Itfm BWv aXv\.v \_n(-kz)-bpsS hmp-I kzlm_n
apX tcJ-s-Sp-n-h-bvp apl-nkv hsc-bp dntmam-cpsS ]c-cb
- mWv k\-Z.v k\Zpw aXv\pw Hcp-t]mse Ip-a
- X
- m-bn-o-cp-tm am{Xta
Amcyw \_n-N-cy-bmbn nc-s-Sp-I-bp-q. Cn-j-b-I-ambn {][m-\-s
Nne Imcy- tNmtZym-c cq]-n Ah-X-cn-n-p-I-bmWv teJ-I.
tNm-Zyw 1. H-cp l-Zo-kn-s ]-c-c kz-lo-lm-bn (n-c-s-p) F-Xp-sIm-pam{Xw {]-kv-Xp-X lZo-kv \-_n(-kz) ]-d--Xm-bn nc-s-Sp-sa- l-Zo-kv ]-n-X-m-
{]-kv-Xm-hn-n-p-tm? n-c-s-Sp-Ibn-m F--Xv l-Zo-kn-s\ \n-tj-[np-hm- ]n--m-e ]-n-X-m-
\n--an-p-m-n-b A-h-cp-sS hmZfmtWm?
D--cw: C-_v-\p-l-P-dn- sslX-an(-d) ]dbp-p:
Au-loZv

! 32 !

ih`dG) G ``U OfEG `U e j fEa

(j~G ihdG)
H-cp l-Zo-kn-s ]-c--c kz-lo-lm-bn F--Xv
l-Zo-kn- ]-d-bp- B-i-bw (a-Xv-\n-s\) kz-lolm-hp-I F--Xn-s\ Xo---b-bpw \n--_--am-pn- (A--^-Xm-h- l-Zo-kn-, t]-Pv 141)
C-amw kp-bq-Yn(-d) ]-d-bp-p

QJ ` G U OSCG U e j fCH
(ihd hG) j~G Y
Xo---bm-bpw H-cp l-Zo-kn-s ]-c--c(-k-\Zv)
n-c-s-p F--Xv l-Zo-kn- ]-d-bp- kw-K-Xn
P\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012

n-c-s-Xm-Ip-I F--Xn-s\ A-\n-hm-cy-am-pn-. l-Zo-kv hn-m-\-n- n-c-s- X-Xzam-Wn-Xv. (A--lm-hn- en-^-Xm-hm 2124)
lm-^n-Zv C-_v-\p-I-ko-dn(-d)s A--_m-C-kp lko-kv F- {]-kn-amb l-Zo-kv \n-Zm-\im-kv-{X-{K--n- C-{]-Im-cw H-cp A-[ym-bw Xs \-ap-v Im-Wmw.

(YdG) j~G U `e j OSEG `U

l-Zo-kn-s ]-c--c(-k-\-Zv) n-c-s-Sp-I F-XpsImv l-Zo-kv n-c-s-Sp-I(-kz-lo-lm-IpI) F--Xv \n--_--am-Ip-n- (A--_m-C-kv
t]-Pv 42). ti-jw A-t-lw F-gp-Xp-p.

e j OSG `Y G hG `dH `Gh

``e hG GP``T ``j ~`b PG G `Y d`H `G
(YdG)
H-cp l-Zo-kn- ]-c--c-bp-sS ta- kz-lo-lv
sIm-tm l-k--sIm-tm hn-[n]-d-b- sIm-v
l-Zo-k-s B-i-b-n-t-epw A-{]-Im-cw A-\nhm-cy-am-Ip-n-. Im-c-Ww A-Xv im-tm A-s-n tcm-Kw _m-[n--tXm B-bn-cn-mw. (A--_mC-kv t]-Pv 42)
C-amw ss_-l-Izn(-d)bpw C-{]-Im-cw F-gp-Xnbnpv. ss_-l-Izn-bp-sS Cu {]-kv-Xm-h-\-sb-kw_-n-v C-_v-\p-l-P-dn- ssl-Xa
- n(-d) F-gp-Xp-p.

e j fa G jZ dG e dG Ggh
j~`G Y QJ `c G U OSG U
hG Ph`T G jh OSG `j CG `M
(hG) U Y

hn-n-cp- ap-kv-enw-I--v \n--_--am-Ip-n-. {]tXy-In-v kz-lm-_n-h-cy-m--v. F-n-epw H-cp lZo-kv \-_n-bn- \n-v t\-cn-p tI--m-sX a-smcp kz-lm-_n ]-d-bp-I-bm-sW-n- ]-d-bp- hyn-bp-sS hn-iz-kv-X-X-sb am-{Xw ]-cn-K-Wn-m-sX
B-i-b-s(-a-Xv-\n-s\) Iq-Sn ]-cn-tim-[n-v kz-lm_n-am- X-p-I-bpw sIm-p-I-bpw sN-m-dp-mbn-cp-p. [m-cm-fw kw-`-h-- C-Xn-\v l-Zo-kp-Ifn--X-s \-ap-v Im-Wm- km-[n-p--Xm-Wv.
Nn-e D-Zm-l-c-W--
1. J-eo-^ D-a-(-d) a-c-W-tm-Sv A-Sp- k--`-n- kzp-ssl-_(-d) A-hn-sS {]-th-in-p. At-lw I-c--tm- D-a-(-d) ]-d-p. kzp-sslt_! \o I-c-bp-I-bm-tWm? Xo---bm-bpw \-_n
(kz) ]-d-bp-I-bp-m-bn. a-n-n-s ta- B-fpI- I-c-m- B a-n-v in-n--s-Sp--XmWv. D-a-dn(-d)s a-c-W-ti-jw B-C-i(-d)-tbm-Sv Cu
l-Zo-kv ]-d--tm- B-C-i(d) C-{]-Im-cw ]-dp.

dG G dG SQ ~`M `e ``dG h `Y ``dG `MQ

U dG SQ dh Y gG AH eDG d
d`bh Y gCG AH HGY adG ~jd dG CG :b
(iNCG QRh IQRGh QJ h) BG```````dG ``````M
(eh QdG)
A-m-lp D-a-dn(-d)s ta- I-cp-W sN--s.
H-cp k-Xy-hn-izm-kn a-c-W-s-m- A-t-l-n-s
B-fp-I- A-t-l-n-s ta- I-c-m- inn--s-Sp-sa-v \-_n(-kz) ]-d-n-n-. F-m
\-_n(-kz) C-{]-Im-c-am-Wv ]-d--Xv. Xo---bm-bpw
A-m-lp H-cp k-Xy-\n-tj-[n-v A-h-s ta- Ah-s B-fp-I-(-A-h-s D-]-tZ-i-{]-Im-cw) I-cm- in- h--[n-n-p--Xm-Wv. Ah Iqntp. \n---v Izp--B- X-s a-Xn-bm-Ip-Xm-Wv. A-m-lp ]-d-bp-p. (]m-]-`m-cw h-ln-

C-amw ss_-l-Izn(-d)-bp-sS Cu {]-kv-Xm-h-\

h-f-sc-b-[n-Iw \--Xm-Wv. Im-c-Ww \n--b-am-bpw
]-c--c kz-lo-lm-h- B-i-bw A-Xv ap-tJ-\ kzlo-lm-hp-I F--Xn-s\ A-\n-hm-cy-am-p-n-. lZo-kv hn-m-\-n- n-c-s--Xp-t]m-se. ]-c-c kz-lo-lm-hp--tXm-Sp-Iq-Sn B-i-b-n- A- kz-lm-_n-am-cp-sS Im-e-v {]-hm-NI-s
Xv kz-lo-lm-hp--Xn-s\ X-S-bp- im-v A-s-nt]-cn- hym-P-am-b l-Zo-kp-I- \n--an- C--Xv t]m-se-bp- Im-c-W-- D-m-Ip-hm km-[y-X-bp-v. (A--lm-hn 2/124). Cu ]- s-Sp-I-bp-m-bn-n. A-h-cp-sS Im-e-Ln-X-m-cmcpw l-Zo-kv \n-tj-[n-I-ftm.
w I-gn- ti-j-am-Wv \n--an-X-hpw hymtNm-Zyw 2. kz-lm-_n h-cy-m-cp-sS N-cy-bp-sS P-hpw Zp-_
- e
- h
- p-am-b e-
- W
-
- n-\v l]n--_-ew Cu A-Sn-m-\-X-Xz-n-\v D-tm?
Zok
pI

\nt
hZ
\
w
sN
s
S
p
-Xv. AD--cw: kz-lm-_n-am-cp-sS Im-e-v {]-hm-NIs t]-cn- hym-P-am-b l-Zo-kp-I- \n--an--s- Xn-\m- ]n--m-e-s ap-kv-enw-I--v
Sp-I-bp-m-bn-n. A-h-cp-sS Im-e-L-w I-gn- l-Zo-kv kzo-I-cn-p-hm- ap-kv-enw temti-j-am-Wv \n--an-X-hpw hym-P-hpw Zp--_-e-hp-am- Iw Aw-Ko-I-cn- A-Sn-m-\-X-Xz-- \b e---W-n-\v l-Zo-kp-I- \n-th-Z-\w sN-s-Sp--Xv. A-Xn-\m- ]n--m-e-s ap-kv-enw- _n (kz)-bp-sS Im-e-pw kz-lm-_n-am-cpI--v l-Zo-kv kzo-I-cn-p-hm- ap-kv-enw tem- sS Im-e-pw Po-hn-n-cp- ap-kv-enw-I-Iw Aw-Ko-I-cn- A-Sn-m-\-X-Xz-- \-_n (kz)- v \n--_--am-Ip-n-.
bp-sS Im-e-pw kz-lm-_n-am-cp-sS Im-e-pw PoAu-loZv ! 33 ! P\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012

h- a-sm-cp-h-s ]m-]-`m-cw h-ln-t-n-h-cn-Ibn-). (_p-Jm-cn 1288, ap-kv-enw 929)

2. _-Zv-dn-se In-W-n- sIm-p-t]m-bn F-dn-bs- _-lp-ssZ-h-hn-izm-kn-I-tfm-Sv \-_n(-kz) kwkm-cn-p-sh-v B-C-i(-d)-tbm-Sv ]-d-b-s--tm-
B a-l-Xn C-{]-Im-c-am-Wv {]-Xn-I-cn--Xv.

c idG G d BG fG U dG b G
(JG `J fEG) BG`b K ``G `g `d bCG
(QdG)
\-_n(-kz) ]-d--Xv, Xo---bm-bpw Rm- Ah-tcm-Sv ]-d-n-cp--Xv C-tm- A-h- k-Xy-amsW-v A-dn-bp-p-v F-p am{XamWv. ti-jw
B-C-i(-d) C-{]-Im-cw ]m-cm-b-Ww sN-bv-Xp. (Xo--bm-bpw a-c-W-s--h-sc \o tI--n-p-I-bn-.
Iz-_v-dm-fn-I-sf-bpw \o tI--n-p--h-\-). (_pJm-cn 3981)
3. ap-l--Zv \-_n(-kz) an-Av-dm-Pn-s cm-{Xn-bn A-m-lp-hn-s\ Ipsh-v {]-K--cm-b Nn-e
kz-lm-_n-am- ]-d- hn-h-cw B-C-i(-d)-tbm-Sv
]-d--tm- A-Xn-s\ \n-tj-[n-p-sIm-v B
a-l-Xn ]-d-p.

gh QHCG `cQ~`J ) :j `dG G `J hCG

G `J hCG (G dG gh QHCG Q~j
e hCG Mh G dG j Gd c eh) j dG
(e) (SQ Sj hG M AGQh
Xo---bm-bpw A-m-lp ]-d-bp--Xv \o tI-nn-t(-I-p-I- A-h-s\ I-s-p-I-bn-. I-pI-sf A-h- I-s-p-I-bpw sN-pw. A-h- kqv-a-m-\n-bpw A-Km-[-m-\n-bp-am-Wv). (kz]v-\-n-se) H-cp t_m-[-\w F- \n-e-bn-tem Hcp a-d-bp-sS ]n-n- \n-m-bn-sm-tm H-cp ZqX-s\ A-b-p-sIm-tm A-m-sX A-m-lp Xtm-Sv kw-km-cn-p-I F- Im-cyw bm-sXm-cp a\p-jypw D-m-hp-I-bn-. (ap-kv-enw278)
4, A-_q-Z--dv, A-_v-Zp-m-ln-_v-\p ap-K-^-,
A-_q-lp-ssd-d, C-_v-\p A-m-kv(-d) ap-X-em-b
kz-lm-_n-am- \-a-kv-I-cn-p--h-s ap-n-eq-sS
kv-{Xo-bpw ]-n-bpw I-gp-X-bpw \-S-p-t]m-bm- \a-kv-Im-cw ap-dn-bp-sa-v-\-_n(-kz) ]-d--Xm-bn \nth-Z-\w sN-bv-X-Xn-s\ kw-_-n-v B-C-i(-d)-tbmSv ]-d--tm- B a-l-Xn Cu \n-th-Z-\--sf
X-n--f-p. ti-jw ]-d-p.

(QdG) dGh H fT

[n-Iw tIm-]n-p-I-bpw Cu \n-th-Z-\-s X-nsm-v C-{]-Im-cw hn-h-cnp-Ibpw sNbvXp. \_n(-kz) ]-d--Xv Pm-ln-enm Im-e-s ap-iv-cnp-I-fpw Pq-X-m-cpw aq-v Im-cy-n-em-Wv Zp-Ip-\-sa-v ]-d-bp-p. Ip-Xn-c, kv-{Xo, ho-Sv. A_q-lpdbv-d(-d)-bpw a-pw I-b-dn h--tm- B-Zy`m-Kw tI--p-I-bp-m-bn-. A-h-km-\-`m-Kw am{X-am-Wv A-h- tI--Xv. A-Xn-\m- aq-v Im-cyn- Zp--Ip-\-ap-s-v ]-d--Xv \-_n(-kz)-bpsS {]-kv-Xm-h-\-bm-sW-v A-h- sX-n--cn--XmWv (A-lv-a-Zv, C-_v-\p-Jp-ssk-a, lm-Inw) (_pJm-cn 2853).
B-C-i(-d) \n-tj-[n-v C-{]-Im-cw ]-d--Xv
_p-Jm-cn-bp-sS \n-th-Z-\-n- C-s-n-epw A-lva-Zv, C-_v-\p-Jp-ssk-a, lm-Inw ap-X-em-b-h- D-cn- kz-lo-lm-b l-Zo-kn- h-n-p--Xm-Wv. C_v-\p-l-P-(-d) ]-d-bp-p.

(QdG a) j~G Gg fG fG FY Y ALh

Xo---bm-bpw B-C-i(-d) Cu l-Zo-kn-s\ \ntj-[n--Xv A-h-cn- \n-v h-n-p-v (^-Xv-lp-
_m-cn 7438). Zp--Ip-\w t\m-- in--m-sWv hn-ip- Izp--B-\pw a-p- l-Zo-kp-I-fpw hy-am-p-p.
6. ^m-Xn-a _n--X-ssIz-kv F- kv-{Xo-sb
A-h-fp-sS `--m-hv aq-m-a-s {]m-h-iy-hpw hnhm-l-tam-N-\w sN-bv-X-tm- \-_n(-kz) A-h-v C--bp-sS sN-e-hpw Xm-a-k-ku-I-cy-hpw \-Im- `--m-hn-t\m-Sv I-ev-]n-p-I-bp-m-bn- F l-Zo-kv ^m-Xzn-a X-s ]-d--Xv J-eo-^ D-a (d) tI--tm- B \n-th-Z-\w X-n-sm-v
C-{]-Im-cw {]-Jym-]n-p. A-m-lp-hn-s {K--s
H-cp s]-n-s hm-p-tI-v \mw D-t]-n-p-I-bn. A-h- A-Xv {K-ln--Xm-tWm A-X- a-d-pt]m-b-Xm-tWm F-v \-ap--dn-bn-. A-h--v Xma-k-ku-I-cy-hpw sN-e-hp-ap-v. A-m-lp ]-d-bpp: ""A-h-fp-sS ho-Sp-I-fn- \n-v A-h-sf \n- ]p-d-m--cp-Xv. A-h- ]p-d-p-t]m-hp-I-bpw
sN--cp-Xv'' (ap-kv-enw 46). B-C-i(-d)bpw C-{]-Imcw ]-d-bp-I-bp-m-bn. (_p-Jm-cn 5321)
\-p-sS \-_n-bp-sS kp--pw \mw D-t]-np-I-bn-s-p-Iq-Sn Nn-e l-Zo-kp-I-fn- h--Xns\ C-amw Zm-d-Izp-Xzv-\n(-d) \n-tj-[n-p-p. Cu`m-Kw l-Zo-kn- Nn-e- I-S-n-q-n-b-Xm-sW-v
A-t-lw ]-d-bp-p. Cu `m-Kw n-c-s--Xm-sWn--X-s hn-ip- Izp--B-\n- A-h--v Xm-ak-ku-I-cy-hpw sN-e-hpw \--I-W-sa- A-m-lphn-s I-ev-]-\ \-_n(-kz) \-S-m-n-b-Xm-Wv kp-p-sIm-v hn-h- F-v C-_v-\p-l-P-dn- Akv-Iz-em-\n(-d) hym-Jym-\n-p-p. (^-Xv-lp--_mcn 12-205)
tNm-Zyw 3. l-Zo-kv n-c-s--Xm-Ip-hm- Bi-b-n-\v(-a-Xv-\n-v) l-Zo-kv ]-n-X-m- ]-d-

\n-- kv-{Xo-I-fm-b R--sf I-gp-X-tbm-Spw

]-n-I-tfm-Spw D-]-an-p-I-bm-tWm? (_p-Jm-cn 514)
5. Ip-Xn-c, kv-{Xo-I-, ho-Sv F-n-h-bn- Zp-Ip-\ap-s-v \-_n(-kz) {]-kv-Xm-hn-n-p-s-v
A-_p-lq-ssd-d(-d) C-_v-\p D-a-(-d) ap-X-em-b-h-
]dbp-p-s-v B-C-i(-d) tI--tm- h-f-sc-bAu-loZv ! 34 ! P\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012

bp- \-_n--\-I- F-s-m-am-Wv?

D--cw: lZokv kzlo-lm-Ip-hm lZokv
]n-X-m AwKo-I-cn \n_--\-I Xmsg
hnh-cn-p-p. aXv\pI C\n ]d-bp sshIey--fn \nv ap-am-bn-cn--Ww.
`m-jm kv-^p-S-X-bn-m-bv-a: {]-hm-N-I- ip-hpw kv-^p-S-hp-am-b A-d-_n `m-j-bm-Wv kw-km-cn-Xv. A-Xn-\m- l-Zo-kv F- t]-cn- D--cn-s- h-N-\---v `m-jm-ip-n-bn-s-n- hymP-am-sW-v hn-[n--s-p.
B-i-b-]-c-am-b ssh-I-eyw: C-kv-em-an-I \n-ba-kw-ln-X-I-sf-mw X-s _p-n-pw Nn--pw
\n-c-p--Xm-Wv. A-Xn-s-Xn-cm-bn ]-d-b-s-Sp-
h-N-\-- kw-i-bn-t-n-cn-p-p.
Izp--B-\n-se hy--am-b \n-b-a---v hn-cp-am-hp-I.
N-cn-{X bm-Ym--Yy---v hn-cp--am-hp-I.
dn-tm--v sN--s- h-N-\-- A-Xn-i-tbmn-]-c-tam ]--]m-X-]-c-tam B-bn-cn-p-I.
d-kq-en-s H-cp h-N-\w H--s- Nn-e- am-{Xw
dn-tm--v sN-pI. th-sd B-cpw A-Xv dn-tm--v
sN-m-Xn-cn-p-I-bp-am-sW-n- l-Zo-kn-s hn-izmky-X-bv-v A-Xv X-S--am-Wv.
A-Xn-i-tbm-n I-e-- in--tbm {]-Xn-^e-tam hm-Kv-Zm-\w sN-p- h-N-\--. Zp-lm \a-k-Im-cw \n--h-ln-m- F-gp-]-Xv {]-hm-N-I-mcp-sS ]p-Wyw e-`n-p--Xm-Wv F- h-N-\w hy-Pam-sW-v hn-[n-sb-gp-X-s--Xv Cu-b-Sn-m-\-nem-Wv. (I-S-m-Sv: Ipn-ap-l-Zv ]d-q cNn
kp--v A--Y-hpw {]m-[m-\y-hpw t]-Pv 40-43.
kz-lo-lv ap-kv-enw, k-q--W a-e-bm-f ]-cn-`m-j
B-ap-Jw t]-Pv 51-53, H-mw ]-Xn-v 2005)
C-amw kp-bq-Yn(-d) X-s {]-kn- {K--am-b
X-Zv-co-_p-dm-hn F- {K--n- C-amw C-_v-\pPu-kn(-d) {]-kv-Xm-hn--Xm-bn C-{]-Im-cw D--cnp-p.

G jj j~`G jCGQ GPG FdG b `MCG e

`fG `Y```a ``UCG `b`j hG G `d`j hG
(jQ~dG) V`e
H-cp l-Zo-kv _p-n-tm A-s-n-(-s]m-Xphm-bn) D--cn--s-Sp--Xn-t\m A-s-n- A-Snm-\-X-Xz-n-t\m F-Xn-cm-bn \o I-m- B
l-Zo-kv a-\p-jy-\n--an-Xam-sW-v \o a-\-n-em-pI F-v H-cm- ]-d--Xp h-f-sc \--Xm-bn-cn-pp. (X-Zv-co-_p-dm-hn 1327). C-_v-\p-Pu-kn(-d) lZo-kv \n-cq-]-I-m-cp-sS C-am-am-Wv.
C_v\p Ako ]dbp-p.

e dhCG.........,jJ j e :`dG ``dG

````G hCG `f hCG ``dG IQh``H ``a`N `j
(UCG eL)
Au-loZv

! 35 !

lZokv hymP-amsWv hn[n-p--h-bns]

Hm-a-tXv lZo-knse ]cm-aiw {]mY-anI
_pntm Nnbvtm A\p-`-h-th-Zy-amb Adnhnt\m hncp--ambn a\-n-em--s-SpI F-XmWv. ......... (Pm-an-D Dkq 1/156)
l-Zo-kv ]-cn-tim-[-\ hn-Z-Kv-[--am-cn- {]-ap-J\m-b C-amw C-_v-\p-J-nw A--Pu-kn(-d) ]d-bp-Xmbn ^Xvlp apKo-kn D-cn-pp.

UG bj hCG dG dj jCGQ j~M ch

J G Q`YG ``j a Ve `fCG `Y`a
(G a) JGhQ
_p-n-tm Jp--B-\n-s au-en-I kn-m---tm hn-cp--am-bn Im-Wp- k--h l-Zo-kpI-fpw hym-P-\n--an-X--fm-sW-v \o a\-n-emnsm-p-I. A-s\ Im-Wp-tm- A-Xn-s
\n-th-Z-I-m-sc-p-dn-v A-t\z-jn-m- \o sa\s-tS--Xn-. (^-Xv-lp- ap-Ko-kv t] 114)
C-_v-\p-l-P-dn- A-kv-Iz-em-\n(-d) F-gp-Xp-p.

be j C`c ihG `M e `NDj e eh

dG LG hG IJGG `dG hG BG`dG `d
(dG f) dG j`U hG
lZo-kn ]cm-ain--s Imcyw Izp-B\n-s Jn-X-amb hn[ntm apX-hm-Xn-dmb
lZo-knt\m hy-amb CPvam-Ct\m {]mY-anI
_pntm FXn-cm-bm AXv hymP-\nan-X-ambn
]cn-K-Wn--sSpw (\pJv_p ^nIv t]. 65)
]-c--c Zp--_-e-am-b l-Zo-km-sW-n- A-h
h--Pn-p-hm- Cu \n-_--\-I- H-pw X-sbn-. C-h-sb-mw X-s ]-c--c Zp--_-e-am-b lZo-kp-I--v Nn-etm- tbm-Pn-p-I-bpw sN-pw.
A-tm- ]-c--c kz-lo-lm-b l-Zo-kp-I- Xs kzo-I-cn-p-hm- B-i-b-n-\v(-a-Xv-\n-\v) Dm-h- \n--_--am-b hy-h--I-fm-Wv l-Zo-kv
]-n-X-m- C-hn-sS hn-h-cn-p--Xv. Im-c-Ww ]c--c kz-lo-lm-b-Xp-sIm-p-am-{Xw l-Zo-kv kzlo-lm-hp-I-bn-s-pw B-i-b-n-\pw Nn-e hy-h-I- D-m-bn-cn--Ww F-v ]d-ti-j-amWv C-h-sb-mw hn-h-cn-p--Xv. Nn-e A--]-m\n-I- a-\-n-em-n-b-Xp-t]m-se ]-c--c Zp--_e-am-b l-Zo-kp-I-fpsS kz-`m-hw hn-h-cn-p-I-b-.
C-amw iu-m-\n(d) F-gp-Xp-p:

hC`a `G h~e G LJ dG h`dG `eCGh

dG dMG Ea dG OLh ``j CG `e
(dG OTQEG) OQ
lZokv kzlo-lm-Ip-hm AXns Bi-bns Imcy-n-ep Hm-as \n_-\
AXns BkvXnIyw _pn-]-c-ambn Akw-`-hyam-bn-cn--cpXv F-Xm-Wv. Fm _pn AXn

P\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012

s\ Akw-`-hy-am-bn--m Acw lZo-kpI X-s-tS--Xm-Wv. (Cim-Zp ^plq

t]. 15)
tNm-Zyw 4. C-amw _p-Jm-cn-bpw ap-kv-en-apw \nth-Z-\w sN-bv-X l-Zo-kp-I-fm-sW-n- Cu \n-ba-- tbm-Pn-n-p-tm F-v ]-cn-tim-[-\ \-St-Xp-tm? ]q--hn-I ]-n-X-m- _pJmcntbm apkventam D--cn- l-Zo-kp-I-sf hn-a-in-p-I-tbm Zp--_-e-amsWv ]d-bp-Itbm sNbv-Xn-p-tm?
D--cw: D-v. \q-dn-e-[n-Iw l-Zo-kp-I- C-Xn\v D-Zm-l-c-Wm-bn F-Sp-p-Im-Wn-p-hm- km-[np--Xm-Wv. -e-]-cn-an-Xn Im-c-Ww Nn-e l-Zokp-I-fp-sS \--dp-I-fpw ^-Xv-lp--_m-cn--bp-sS hmfy-hpw t]-Pp-I-fpw am-{Xw D--cn-mw. ]q--W-cq]w e-`n-p-hm- B-{K-ln-p--h- {]kvXpX
{K- ]cn-tim-[n-p-Itbm teJ-I-\p-ambn
_-s-Sp-Itbm sNp-I.
_p-Jm-cn: 1953(^-Xv-lp--_m-cn 5/771), 2035(6/
51), 2511(6/634), 3366, 3655 (8/579), 3680 (8/
621), 3849 (9/253), 4251 (9/543), 4560 (10/114),
4850 (10/677), 5003 (11/268), 5865 (10/304), 7449,
6548 (14/644), 6720, 2817, 1653 (15/203), 3357
(11/186), 4101 (4/170), 205 (1/569), 1854, 1953 (5/
111), 4672 (10/281), 6502 (11/420)
ap-kv-enw 1148, 2175, 520, 2395, 675, 2846, 2093,
2850, 1148, 2400
tNm-Zyw 5. G-sX-mw ]-n-X-m-cm-Wv ap-Ifn- \--In-b \--dp-I-fn D-cn--s l-Zokp-I-sf hn-a--in--Xv?
D--cw: lm-^n-Zv-_-m-, C-_v-\p-ln-m-,
ss_-l-Jn, A-_q-Zm-hq-Zv, Zm-d-Izp-Xzv-\n, C-amw Izp-Xzp-_n, Jm-fn C-bm-fv, C-_v-\p-A-_v-Zn--_n--dv,
C-_v-\p-Pu-kn, C-_v-\p-Iz-nw, C-_v-\p-Izp-sska, C-amw Iz-Xzm-_n, _p-Jm-cn-bp-sS \n-th-Z-I-mcm-b lp-ssa-Zn, D-sskz-en, C-kv-am-Cu-en, C-_v\p-l-P-, C-_v-\p-_-Xzm-, C-_v-\p-^p-ssd-Iv, Camw Zm-h-Zn, C-amw \-hhn, I--am-\n, A-_q-aq-k-
a-Z-\n, C-amw dm-kn, lm-^n-Zv C-_v-\p A-d-_n, JmZn A-_q-_--, _m-Jn-m-\n, C-am-ap- l-d-ssa\n, C-amw K-m-en, ap-Kv-em-Xzn, A-_q-l--\p-^-Zv-e, C-_v-\p-l-kw, C-amw Z-l-_n, B-[p-\n-I
l-Zo-kv ]-n-X-m-cm-b C-amw d-io-Zv cn-Zm, ssiJv \mkzn-dp-o A--_m-\n, ssiJv D-ssk-an
XpS-n-b- ]n-X-h-cy ta]-d lZo-kpI \ncq-]Ww sNbvX-h-cn {]ap-J-cm-Wv.
CXn ]cm-ain--s ]n-X-m-cpsS F
m \ncq-]-W-fpw Cu teJ-I AtX-]Sn Aw
Ko-I-cn-p-pstm {]kvXpX lZo-kp-I-sf
mw Hcp-t]mse hPy-am-sWtm A`n-{]m-b-an. Fm ]qhn-I-]-n-X-m Nqn-m-Wn
\ncq-]-W- Bsc-nepw FSp-p--cn-p-tmtgpw lZokv \ntj-[-ns Zp-ImWnv
Au-loZv

! 36 !

`oj-Wn-s-Sp-p--h Ch-sbm-s-sbmv ]T\- h n- t [- b - a m- pXv \m- b n- c n- p- s a- - X n- \ memWv ChnsS ]cm-ain-n-p--Xv.

tNm-Zyw: l-Zo-kn- \n-v a-X-hn-[n {Klnptm- {i-n-t- a-p \n-b-a-- hn-h-cn-mtam?
D--cw: l-Zo-kp-I-fn- \n-v \mw a-X-hn-[n
]p-d-s-Sp-hn-p-tm- Iq-Sp-X- Pm-{K-X-bpw kqv-a-X-bpw ]p-e--t--Xm-Wv. B-Zy-am-bn A-Xv
\-_n(-kz) ]-d--Xm-tWm F-v n-c-s-Sp-Ww. Izp--B-\n-se H-cp B-b-p-I-m- A-Xv
A-m-lp-hn-s-Xv X-s-bm-tWm, Izp--B-\n- D-Xv X-s-bm-tWm F-v n-c-s-Sp-t--Xn. l-Zo-kv \-_n(-kz)-bp-tS-Xv X-s-bm-tWm Fv n-c-s-Sp-p-hm- B-Zy-am-bn-A-Xn-\v ]-c-c-bp-tm F-v ]-cn-tim-[n--Ww. ti-jw A-h
n-c-s- ]-c--c-bm-tWm F-v kq-v-a-]-cn-tim[-\ \-S--Ww. ]-c--c n-c-s-Sp-hm- ap-kv-enw
tem-Iw [m-cm-fw \n-b-a-- ]-d-bp-p-v. A-h
A-Sn-m-\-am-n-sm-m-bn-cn--Ww Cu kq-va-]-cn-tim-[-\. ti-jw A-Xn-s a-Xv-\v(B-i-bw)
n-c-s--Xm-tWm F-m-Wv. C-h c-pw n-cs-m- X-s l-Zo-kn-s Np-p-]m-Spw k---`hpw ]-m--e-hpw hn-e-bn-cp--Ww. Izp--B-\n-\n-pw l-Zo-kn- \n-pw \n-b-aw B-hn-jv-I-cns-Sp-p-hm- [m-cm-fw \n-b-a-- ap-kv-enw-temIw AwKo-I-cn-n-p-v. A-h i-cn-pw {K-ln-n-cn-Ww. H-cp \n--tZ-i-{In-b(-Aw-dv) \n--_--n\pw kp--n-\pw tI-h-ew A-\p-h-Z-\o-b-n-\pw
h-cp--Xm-Wv. A-Xn-\m- a-p l-Zo-kp-I-sf-bpw
t\m-n-sm-m-bn-cn--Ww \n--_-w F-v hn[n I-ev-]n-t--Xv. \n-tcm-[-\-{In-b-I-fpw l-dm-an\pw l-dm-av A-m--Xn-\pw h-cpw. A-Xn-\m- kqv-a-]-T-\-n-\p-ti-j-ta \-lm d-kq-ep-m-ln(-Am-lp-hn-s Zq-X- hn-tcm-[n-) F-v ]-d-m t]m-epw l-dm-am-sW-v hn-[n ]-d-bp-hm- ]mSp-q.
\n--_-w X-s-bm-Wv, \n-jn-w X-s-bmWv F-v n-c-s-m-epw a-X-n-s im-iz-X-am.............................................................................
Izp--B-\n--\n-pw l-Zo-kn- \n-pw
\n-b-aw B-hn-jv-I-cn-s-Sp-p-hm- [mcm- f w \n- b - a - - ap- k v - e nw- t em- I w
AwKo-I-cn-n-p-v. A-h i-cn-pw {Kln-n-cn--Ww. H-cp \n--tZ-i-{In-b(-Awdv) \n--_--n-\pw kp--n-\pw tIh-ew A-\p-h-Z-\o-b-n-\pw h-cp--XmWv. A-Xn-\m- a-p l-Zo-kp-I-sf-bpw
t\m- n- s m- m- b n- c n- - W w \n- - _ w F-v hn-[n I-ev-]n-t--Xv. \n-tcm[-\-{In-b-I-fpw l-dm-an-\pw l-dm-av A-m-Xn-\pw h-cpw.
.............................................................................
P\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012

b \n--_--hpw hn-tcm-[-hp-am-tWm A-X- Xm-m-en-I-am-b-Xm-tWm F-pw ]-cn-tim-[n--Ww.

A-Xp-t]m-se tI-h-ew H-cp `u-Xn-I kw-K-Xn F \n-e-p--h-bm-tWm F-pw ]-cn-tim-[n--Ww.
A-m--]-w \mw A-_---fn-epw {]-bm-k-fn-epw Nm-Sp--Xm-Wv. \n-m-c {]-iv-\--sf au-enI-{]-iv-\--fm-bn ]cn-KWnv Nn-e- a-p-Nn-e-sc Im^n-dm-p- {]-h-W-X h--[n-p-I-bpw sN-pw. Camw d-io-Zv cn-Zm F-gp-Xp-p.

a `LC jO`MCG `S `a`e EG `L`G CG

hf S ae G L`G e ~`TCG `e OG`G
`j S`d e`Y jG~`g `c BG`dG C .BG`dG
UG QeCG e a d e jOMCG h J
jG~g h jO ``j G `H ~`j dG iCGdGh
a```e `Y `a ba S`d `j CG h e`Y
(QG J) XCG H`SG
Xo---bm-bpw l-Zo-kp-I-fp-sS B-i-bw {K-lnp--Xn-\v A-h-bp-sS Im-c-W-- {K-ln--emWv, Izp--B-\n-s B-i-bw {K-ln-p--Xn-\m-bn
B-b-p-I-fp-sS A-h-X-c-W-Im-c-Ww a-\--en-p-Xn-t\-m- Iq-Sp-X- B-h-iy-am-bn h-cp--Xv.
\n--bw Izp--B- ap-gp-h- F-m a-\p-jy--pw
s]m-Xp-hm-b \n-e-p- am--K-Z--i-\-am-Wv. A-Xv
{]-t_m-[-\w sN-- A-\n-hm-cy-hp-am-Wv. F-m l-Zo-kp-I-fn- C-{]-Im-cw A-m--h-bp-ap-v.
A-Y-hm {]-tXy-I-am-b Im-cy--fpw a-X-am-bn-cn-phm- D-t-in--s-n-n-m--h-bpw. C-h s]m-Xphm-b am--K-Z--i-\-a-. P-\---v {]-t_m-[-\w
sN-- A-\n-hm-cy-hp-a-. A-Xn-\m- C-h-bp-sS
]-m--ew A-dn-bp--Xn-s\ B-{i-bn-m-Wv C-h
a-\-n-em-p-I. C-Xm-Wv G--hpw {]-I-S-am-b-Xv (X^v-ko- A--a-\m- 5/315, kq-d A-n-km-Av 85s
hym-Jym-\w)

FYh dG SQ e M b (Q) Ijg HCG Y

G`g b H a `NCG ``eCGh a `g~`MG ```eCa
(QdG) dG
A-_q-lp-ssd-d(-d) \nth-Z\w: A-t-lw ]-dbp-p. c-v ]m-{Xw A-dn-hv Rm- \-_n-bn- \nv lr-Zn--am-n-bn-p-v. A-Xn-sem-v Rm-
Xp-d-p-Im-Wn-p. F-m- a-t-Xv Rm- Xp-d-pIm-n-sb-n- Cu A--\m-f-s \n-- ap-dnp-I-f-bp-am-bn-cp-p. (_p-Jm-cn 120)
C-amw d-io-Zv cn-Zm(-d)-bp-sS {]-kX
-v m-h\
- bm-Ym-Y
- yam-sW-v Nn-e D-Zm-l-c-W--fn-eq-sS hn-h-cn-mw.

`SQ `Y `dG ~Y ~ah ~`b (Q)S`Y HG Y

....HQG Y cfGh HQH ceBG a U dG
```Gh ``dGh ``Gh A``````Hq~`dG `Y ``c```fGh
Au-loZv

! 37 !

(eh QdG)
C- _ v - \ p A- m- k v ( - d ) ]d- b pp: A- _ v - Z p- ssIz-kn-s \n-th-Z-I-kw-Lw H-cn-- \-_n(-kz)bp-sS A-Sp-- h-p. \-_n(-kz) ]-d-p: \n-tfm-Sv \m-ev Im-cy Rm- I-ev-]n-p-I-bpw
\m-ev Im-cy-- hn-tcm-[n-p-I-bpw sN-p-p. Npcm-tXm-Sp-sIm-p-m-n-b ]m-{Xw, ]- \n-dap- sXm-n, Cu---\-bp-sS aq-e-`m-Kw ap-dn-sSp-v D-m-n-b ]m-{Xw, Xm--]q-in-b ]m-{Xw apX-em-b-h Rm hntcm-[n-pp (_p-Jm-cn 53, apkv-enw 23).
Cu l-Zo-kv C-amw _p-Jm-cn-bpw ap-kv-en-apw
Cu-am-\n-s (hn-izm-k-n-s) A-[ym-b-n-emWv D--cn-p--Xv. A-d-_n-I-fp-sS a-Zym-k-n temI-N-cn-{X-n- h-f-sc Ip-{]-kn--am-bn-cp-p. a-Zyap-m-m- ]-e-X-cw ]m-{X-- A-h- D-]-tbmKn-n-cp-p. B ]m-{X--sf-p-dn-m-Wv l-Zo-kn {]-kv-Xm-hn-p--Xv. a-Zyw hn-tcm-[n--tm- AXn-s\-p-dn-p- ]-g-b Nn--t]m-epw C-m-Xm-phm-\m-bn Cu ]m-{X--sf-bpw \-_n(-kz) hn-tcm[n-p. C-Xv a-X-n-s im-iz-X-hpw A-ew-L-\o-bhp-am-b H-cp \n-b-aw F- \n-e-bv--. {]-Xyp-X Hcp Xm--m-en-I hn-tcm-[w am-{X-am-Wv. C-v Cu
\n-tcm-[-\w \n-e-\n--p-n-. Cu ]m-{X-- \ap-v D-]-tbm-Kn-mw. C-amw im-^n-Cu(d)bpw Camw \-h-hn(-d)bpw C-amw A-_q-l-\o-^(-d)bpw lZo-kn-s km-l-N-cyw a-\-n-em-n C-{]-Im-cw hymJym-\n-p-p.
C-amw am-en-Iv(-d) C-amw A-lv-a-Zv(-d) C-amw Ckv-lm-Jv(-d) ap-X-em-b-h-cpw C-_v-\p-D-a-(-d) C-_v\p-A-m-kv(-d) ap-X-em-b kz-lm-_n-am-cpw C-{]Im-cw X-s ]-d-bp-p (i--lp ap-kv-enw 1/220)

GPEG U dG SQ b iQ`fCG jCG `HCG Y

X dj h dG j a FdG ``c~MCG JG
(eh QdG) GHZ hG Gb`J
A-_q A-q-_n- A--kzm-cn(-d) \n-th-Z-\w:
\-_n(-kz) A-cp-fn: \n--fn- h--h-\pw a-e-aq-{X
hn-k--P-\--e-v sN-m- Izn-_v-e-v A-`n-apJ-am-bn-tm ]p-dw-Xn-cn-tm C-cn--cp-Xv. \n--
In-g-tm-tm ]-Sn-m-tdm-tm Xn-cn-n-cn-p-ho(_p-Jm-cn 144, ap-kv-enw 264).
a-Zo-\-bp-sS sXp- `m-K-m-Wv a- n-Xn
sN-p--Xv. A-Xn\m- A-h-tcm-Sv \-_n(-kz) ]Sn-m-dp-`m-K-t-v Xn-cn-bp-hm- \ntZ-in-p. Fm a-\p-jy-tcm-Spw im-iz-X-hpw A-ew-L-\o-b-hpam-b H-cp \n-b-a-sa- \n-e-bv-v a-e-aq-{X-hn-k--P\ k-a-b-v In-g-tm-pw ]-Sn-m-tdm-pw Xn-cnbp-hm- I-ev-]n--X-. \mw tIc-fo-b Ing-tmtm
]Sn- m- t dmtm Xncnv ae- a q- { X- h n- k P\w
sNbv X p- I q- S m. \apv ]Sn- mdp `mK- mWv
Izn_ve. CXv lZo-kns hmn-s\-Xncpw BiP\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012

A-\-kv(-d) \n-th-Z-\w: \-_n(-kz) A-cp-fn: ]n-bn- Xp-p--Xv Ip--a-am-Wv. F-m- A-Xns {]m-b-n-w A-Xv ]-n-bn- I-gn-p-aq-S-emWv. (_p-Jm-cn 415, ap-kv-enw 552).
\-_n-bp-sS Im-e-v ]-n-bn- a-W-em-bn-cpp. am_ntfm ssStkm ]Xn- ]n-bn hr
n-tI-Sp-I Im Ipgn-p-aq-Sp-I-b XpS-phr-n-bm-p-Itbm Igp-Ip-Itbm BWv th
Xv FXv X-a Imcy-am-Wv.

ssJ-_- bp-w Pq-X--{In-kv-Xym-\n-I-tfm-Sm-bn-cpp. bp--k---`-n- i-{Xp-hn-s\ Im-Wp-tm k-emw ]-d-b--sIm-v \mw B-cw-`n-p-I-bpw
\mw h-gn-am-dn-sm-Sp-p-I-bpw sN-p-tm- AXv `o-cp-Xz-am-sW-v sX-n--cn-p-hm- km-[y-Xbp-v. Cu km-[y-X C-m-Xm-p-hm- th-n bp-th-f-bn-se H-cp {]-tXy-I \n-b-a-am-bn \-_n(-kz)
\n--tZ-in--Xm-Wn-Xv. {]-hm-N-I-s kz-lm-_n-h-cy-am-cm-b A-_q-D-am-a(-d) C-_v-\p-a-kv-Du-Zv(-d) apX-em-b-h- l-Zo-kn-s km-l-N-cyw a-\-n-em-nb-Xp-Im-c-Ww A-ap-kv-enw-I--v k-emw-sIm-v Bcw-`n-m-sa-v ]-d-bp-p. ""\n--'' F--Xp-sImv hn-h- bp--n-\v ]p-d-s-Sp- ssk-\yw
am-{X-am-Wv (X-^v-ko- A--a-\m- 5315)

O`````dG CG ```U dG ``b (Q)Ij``g `HG Y

(QdG) gda j iQdGh

gCG Y ``S GPG ````U dG ``b (Q)`fCG `Y

(QdG) Yh Gda dG

A-_q-lp-dbv-d(-d) \n-th-Z-\w: \-_n(-kz) A-cpfn: Pq-X-m-cpw {In-kv-Xym-\n-I-fpw (Xm-Sn-pw apSn-pw) Nm-bw sIm-Sp-p-n-. A-Xp-sIm-v Ah-cp-tS-Xn-\v hn-cp--am-b k-{-Zm-bw ssI-sm-pho- (_p-Jm-cn 5899).
C-Xpw \-_n(-kz) a-X-n-s im-iz-X-hpw Aew-L-\o-b-hp-am-b \n-b-aw F- \n-e-bv-v I-]n--X-. H-cm-fp-sS Xm-Sn-bpw ao-i-bpw X-e-ap-Snbpw
\-c-m- Cu l-Zo-kn- \n--tZ-in--Xp-t]m-se Ah- Nm-bw sIm-Sp-v A-h-bp-sS \n-dw am-n-a-dnmXn-cp-m- A-h- Pq-X-\pw {In-kv-Xym-\n-bp-am-sWv Btcm]nv A-h-s\ hn-a--in-p-hm- ]m-Sn-.
ap-kv-enw-I-sf Xn-cn--dn-bp-hm- Xm--m-en-I-amb H-cp th-j-kw-hn-[m-\w F- \n-e-bv-v \n--tZin--Xm-Wn-Xv.

A-\-kv(-d) ]d-bpp: \-_n(-kz) A-cp-fn: thZ-m- \n---v k-emw ]-d-m- \n-- h

A-sse-Ipw F-v(-am-{Xw) ]-d-bp-ho-. (_p-Jm-cn
6259). C-Xv \-_n(-kz) C-kv-em-an-s im-iz-X-am-b
kw-kv-Im-cw F- \n-e-v \n--tZ-in--X-. B-cv
k-emw ]-d-m-epw A-Xp-t]m-se a-S-p-I, As-n- h--[n-n-v a-S-p-I F-m-Wv hn-ip-
Izp--B- im-iz-X-am-b a-cym-Z F- \n-e-bv-v ]Tn-n-p--Xv. Pq-X- {In-kv-Xym-\n-I- \-_n-pw
ap-kv-enw-I--pw k-emw ]-d-bp- k---`-n-
A-m-ap A-sse-Ipw(-\n-\-v a-c-Ww) F-v ]-dbm-dp-v. Cu k---`-n- am-{X-am-Wv h A-sseIpw F-v am-{Xw a-dp-]-Sn ]-d-bp-hm- \-_n(-kz)
I-ev-]n-p--Xv. a-p- l-Zo-kp-I- C-Xv hy-am-p-p.

OdG hCG~J U dG `SQ b (Q) Y `Yh

EG ghV`a `g`d GPGh dH iQdGh
(e) VCG

G U dG SQ `H `b (Q) I`H ``HG `Y

d ```b i``c H `Y G`e ~`b SQ`a ``gCG
(QdG) ICGeG geG Gdh b j

A-en(-d) \n-th-Z-\w: -\-_n(-kz) ]-d-p: PqX-m-sc-tbm {In-kv-Xym-\n-I-sf-tbm I-m- Ah-tcm-Sv B-Zyw k-emw ]-d-bp--Xv \n--fm-I-cp-Xv.
A-h-sc h-gn-I-fn- I-m- h-gn-bp-sS C-Sp-n-b
`m-K-p-Iq-Sn t]m-Im- \n-- A-h-sc \n--_n-X-cm-p-ho-(A-h-sc X-n-am-p-ho-) (ap-kv-enw)
Cu l-Zo-kn-s km-l-N-cy-hpw Np-p-]m-Sp-Ifpw ]-cn-tim-[n-m-sX {]-h--n-p-I-bm-sW-n C-kv-emw- kw-kv-Im-c-iq-\y-am-b H-cp a-X-am-Ip-Xm-Wv. b-Ym--Y-n- Cu l-Zo-kn- ]-d-bp-Xv C-kv-em-an-s im-iz-X-hpw A-ew-L-\o-b-hpam-b s]m-Xp-hm-b H-cp a-cym-Z-b-. ssJ-_- bp-th-f-bn- ]-m-fw ]p-d-s-Sp- k--`-n- \_n(-kz) \--In-b H-cp Xm-ev-m-en-I \n--tZ-i-amWn-Xv. C-amw A-lv-a-Zv D--cn-p- a-sm-cp l-Zokv X-s Cu k-Xyw hy--am-p--Xp-Im-Wmw.

A-_q-_-Iv-d(d) \n-th-Z-\w: t]--jy-m- Ah-cp-sS cm-n-bm-bn In-kv-dm cm-Pm-hn-s ]p-{Xnsb A-h-tcm-[n-p-sh- hm-- tI--tm- \_n(-kz) A-cp-fn: X--fp-sS `-c-W-t\-Xr-Xzw H-cp
kv-{Xo-bn- A--n- P-\-X hn-P-bw {]m-]n-p-Ibn- (_p-Jm-cn 4425)
C-Xv C-kv-em-an-s H-cp A-Sn-m-\-X-Xz-am-bn
\-_n(-kz) ]-d--X-. t]--jy-m-sc-bpw A-[nIm-c-n- h- kv-{Xo-sb-bpw H-cp {]-tXy-I ]-cnX-n-Xn-bn- \-_n(-kz) B-t-]n-v ]-d--Xv
am-{X-am-Wv. ]p-cp-j-m-sc-m- kv-{Xo-I--v {]iv-\ \n[m-c-W-n\pw `-c-Ww \-S-p-hm-\pw km[n-p-sa-v _n--o-kv cm-n-bp-sS I-Y-bn-eqsS Izp-B hy--am-p-p. Nn-e- Cu l-Zokn-s km-l-N-cy-hpw k---`-hpw {K-ln-m-sXbm-Wv kv-{Xo-I--v bm-sXm-cp cw-K-pw `-c-W-

b-n-\-\p-Iq-e-hp-am-sWv a\-n-em-m kmam\y-_pn aXn.

N ~`````G GdG dG ``b (Q) fG `Y

(eh QdG) aO JQ`ch

Au-loZv

! 38 !

P\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012

t\-Xr-Xzw G-s-Sp-p-hm-\pw `-cn-p-hm-\pw ]m-Sns-v hm-Zn-p--Xv. kp-sse-am- \-_n(-A)-tbmSpw \mw bp-w sN-p-Isb-v ]-m-fw ]-d-tm- kp-sse-am-(A) \-_n-bm-tWm F-v BZyw ]-cn-tim-[n-p-I. \-_n-bm-sW-\v sX-fn-m bp-w sN-bv-Xn-v ^-e-an-. A-Xn-\m- B al-Xn \-_n-bm-tWm F-v ]-cn-tim-[n-p-hm- BZyw k-m-\w sIm-Sp--b-p-I-bm-Wv. A-Xv kzoI-cn-m- \-_n-b-s-v hy--am-bn. A-tm- bpw sN-mw. kzo-I-cn-n-s-n- \-_n-bm-Wv. bpw sN-bv-Xn-v ^-e-an-. C-{]-Im-cw _n--Jo-kv
]-cn-tim-[-\ \-S-p-I-bm-Wv. A-h- ap-kv-en-am-b
ti-j-hpw A-h-fp-sS `-c-Ww A-h-sf G-ev-]n-psh-v X-^v-ko- P-em-sse-\n-bn--t]m-epw ]-d-bp-Xv Im-Wmw.

(~MCG) jb aG U dG SQ b
\-_n(-kz) A-cp-fn: `-c-Ww Izp-ssd-in-I-fn-emWv(-A-lv-a-Zv), t\-Xm--m- Izp-ssd-in-I-fn- \nv am-{X-am-Wv. (_p-Jm-cn), F-s-mw \-_n(-kz)
{]-kv-Xm-hn--Xm-bn D--cn--s-Sp-p. tI-c-f-nse hy-h-km-b-a-{n-bpw hn-Zym-`ym-k-a-{n-bpw Izpssd-in-bm-bn-cn--Ww. Izp-ssd-in-I-fm-b Fw F F am--pw Fw ]n am--pw am-{X-ta ap-kvenw-I- thm-p sN-bv-Xv `-c-W-t\-Xr-Xzw \--Iphm- ]m-Sp-q F-- \-_n(-kz) C-hn-sS ]-d-bp-Xv. C-Xv a-X-n-s im-iz-X-hpw A-ew-L-\o-bhp-am-b H-cp \n-b-aw \-_n(-kz) hn-h-cn--X-. Xs a-c-W-ti-jw `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-sb G-Xv tKm-{Xn- \n-v sX-c-s-Sp--Ww F--Xn-\v H-cp
]-cn-lm-cw \-_n(-kz) \n--tZ-in--Xv am-{X-am-Wv. \a-kv-I-cn-p-hm- A-_q-_-Iv-dn(d)s\ \n--bn-Xp-t]m-se.

kv-enw), \-_n(-kz) X-e-m-hv [-cn--Xm-bn ]-d-bp l-Zo-kp-I- (_p-Jm-cn, ap-kv-enw), \-_n(-kz)

sXm-n [-cn--Xm-bn ]-d-bp- l-Zo-kp-I- (_pJm-cn, ap-kv-enw), \-_n(-kz) Pp- [-cn--Xm-bn ]d-bp- l-Zo-kp-I- (_p-Jm-cn, ap-kv-enw) Pq-Xm-cv-v F-Xn-cm-Ip-hm- sN-cn-v [-cn-v \-a-kv-Icn-p-hm- \-_n(-kz) \n--tZ-in--Xv. tKm-X-v, _m-en F-n-h ^n-Xzv- k-Im-m-bn \--Ip-hm- \_n(-kz) I-ev-]n--Xv. C-h-sb-mw km-l-N-cy-hpw
Np-p-]m-Spw ]-cn-K-Wn-v hym-Jym-\n-t--h-bm-Wv.
\-a-kv-Im-c-n- C-am-an-\v sX-v ]-n-bm- kv{Xo-I-fpw ]p-cp-j-m-sc-tm-se X-kv-_o-lv sNm-Ww. ssI-b-Sn-p-hm- ]m-Sn-. sh-n-bm-gv-N
Zn-h-kw Jp-Xp-_ B-cw-`n-m- X-ln--v \-a-kvI-cn-p-hm- ]m-Sn-. C-amw D-d-s Hm-Xp-tm-
]n-n-ep--h- ^m-Xn-l-t]m-epw Hm-Xp-hm- ]mSn-. Ir-jn D-Xv-]m-Z-\w A-ev-]-am-sW-n-epw kIm-v \--I-Ww. ^m-Xn-l Hm-Xn-bn-n-s-n-epw
\-a-kv-Im-cw kz-lo-lm-Ipw. bm-{X-bn- Iz-kzv-dmn-bpw Pw-Av B-n-bpw \-a-kv-I-cn-p-hm- ]mSn- F-s-mw a-Zv-l-_n-s Nn-e C-am-ap-I-fpw apw ]-d--Xv A-h--v l-Zo-kv e-`n-m--Xp-sImtm A-h- l-Zo-kv \n-tj-[n-I- B-b-Xp-sImtm A-. {]-Xyp-X tahn-h-cn- hy-h--I-
A-h- Aw-Ko-I-cn--Xp-sIm-pw A-Xn-s A-Sn- m - \ - n- e p- a m- b n- c p- p. Cu XXz- - s f- - nsbmpw th{X Ah-t_m-[-an-m Nne aX{]-am-W- ssIm-fp--Xns ^e-am-Wv-A-{]mtbm-Kn-I-amb ^XvhX-Ifpw lZokv \ntj[ apdhn- f n- I - f p- a p- b - c p- - s Xv GXv \njv ] am\k\pw a\-n-cpn Nnn-m t_m[yw hcp-Xm-Wv.

dG j ``U dG ``b (Q) S``Y `HG `Y

(QdG) e a ~H Ig

`dG d e ```U dG ``SQ b (Q)P`e Y

`b ?S`dG `HG G b G NO T H j
(QdG) Gj G NG G

C-_v-\p A-m-kv(-d) \n-th-Z-\w: \-_n(-kz) am hn-P-b-n-s Zn-h-kw ]-d-p: a-m hn-Pb-n-\p-ti-jw ln-Pv-d-bn- (_p-Jm-cn 3077). am-bn- \n-v ln-Pv-d t]m-Ip-hm- \-_n(-kz) kzlm-_n-am-tcm-Sv I--]n-n-cp-p. a- ap-kv-enw-I-v A-[o-\-am-b-tXm-Sp-Iq-Sn {]-kv-Xp-X ln-Pv-d Zp-_-e-am-bn F-m-Wv \-_n(-kz) ]-d-bp--Xv. a-Xn-s im-iz-X-hpw s]m-Xp-hm-b-Xp-am-b \n-b-a-a. Im-c-Ww ap-l--Zv \-_n(-kz)sb A-m-lp \ntbm-Kn--Xv Izp--B-s X-Xz---v F-Xn-cm-bn
{]-Jym-]n-p-hm-\-. hn-ip- Izp--B-\n- [m-cmfw kq---fn- ln-Pv-d-bp-sS {]m-[m-\y-hpw AXn-s a-l-Xz-hpw k--h ap-kv-enw-I-tfm-Spw ]-d-bp-Xv Im-Wmw.
\-_n(-kz) sIm-v sh-p-hm- \n--tZ-in- lZo-kp-I- (_p-Jm-cn, ap-kv-enw) \-_n(-kz) kq-v
Ip-Sn-p-hm- I-ev-]n- l-Zo-kp-I-(-_p-Jm-cn, ap-

ap-B-Zv(-d) \n-th-Z-\w: \-_n(-kz) A-cp-fn: h-h-\pw A-m-lp-hn- bm-sXm-pw ]-v tN--msX A-h-s\ I-p-ap-n-bm- kz--K-n- {]-thin-pw. A-tm- A-t-lw tNm-Zn-p. Rm- P\--sf Cu k-tm-j-hm-- A-dn-bn--s-tbm?
\-_n(-kz) A-cp-fn: th-. P-\-- A-Xn-s\-am{Xw A-h-ew-_-am-p-sa-v Rm- `-b-s-Sp-p.
(_p-Jm-cn 129, ap-kv-enw 53). CXp-t]mse hn-ip Izp--B-\n-se h- kq--hpw {]-t_m-[-\w sNm-Xn-cn-p-hm- \-_n(-kz) H-cm-tfm-Spw \n--tZ-inn-n-.
CXn \nsmw Izp-B\pw lZokpw Xnep hyXymkw kpXcmw hy-am-Wv. Fnpw
Izp-B Hmw {]am-Whpw lZokv cmw {]amW-hp-am-sW-va-\-n-em-m km[n-m--h-cpsS
Nnm-ti-jn-bpsS Imcyw ApXw Xs!
#

Au-loZv

! 39 !

P\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012

teJ\w

A_vZpdlvam amSv

lZokv ]T\w Cy-bn

hy-n-]-c-am-bpw kw-L-Sn-X-am-bp-ap- {i-a--fn-eq-sS kz-lm-_-n-s
Im-e-L--n- X-s C-y-bn- C-kv-emw {]-N-cn-n-cp-p. C-y-bpsS
]-Sn-m-d- Xo-c--fn-eq-sS \n-c--cw I-- Hm-Sn-p-sIm-n-cp- \mhn-I-cpw I--h-S-m-cp-am-bn-cp-p A-Xn- ap-Jy-]-v h-ln-n-cp--Xv. knv, Kp-P-dm-v, a-e-_m- {]-tZ-i-- A-d-_n-I-fp-sS hn-lm-c-tI-{-fm-bn-cp-p.

""\

-p-sS k-tlm-Z-c-m-cm-b Cy- ]-n-X-m-cp-sS {i-aw C-mbn-cp-p-sh-n- l-Zo-kv hn-m\w ]u-c-kv-Xy-ta-J-e-bn- \n-v \mam-h-ti-j-am-Ip-am-bn-cp-p. Cu-Pn-]vXv, imw, C-dm-Jv, ln-Pm-kv F-o
ta-J-e-I-fn- ln-Pv-d ]-mw \q-mp-ap-X- B-cw-`n- Zu--_-eyw ]Xn- \ m- e mw \q- m- n- s B- c w- ` tm-sS ]m-c-ay-n- F-n'' (kn-Zv d-io-Zv cn-Zm)
hy-n-]-c-am-bpw kw-L-Sn-X-ambp-ap- {i-a--fn-eq-sS kz-lm-_Au-loZv

! 40 !

n-s Im-e-L--n- X-s C-y-bn- C-kvemw {]-N-cn-n-cp-p. C-y-bpsS ]-Sn-m-d- Xoc--fn-eq-sS \n-c--cw I-- Hm-Sn-p-sIm-n-cp \m-hn-I-cpw I--h-S-m-cp-am-bn-cp-p A-Xn-
ap-Jy-]-v h-ln-n-cp--Xv. kn-v, Kp-P-dm-v, a-e_m- {]-tZ-i-- A-d-_n-I-fp-sS hn-lm-c-tI-{-fm-bn-cp-p.
D-adp_v\p -J-m-_v(-d)s Im-e-v C-y {]-tZ-i--fn-te-v ssk-\n-I-\o--hpw \-S-p.
l-I-bn-_v-\p A-_n- B-kzn- Xm-\-bpw I-p-a-S-ap- {]-tZ-i--fpw, A-t-l-n-s k-tlm-Zc- ap-Ko-d C-tm- I-dm-n-bn- n-Xn sN-p Zm-_- {]-tZ-i--fpw P-bn--S-n. Cu sskP\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012

\n-I-cn- {]-ap-J kz-lm-_n-I-fpw Xm-_n-D-I-fpw

D-m-bn-cp-p.
ln.93 ap-l--Zv _n- Izm-kn-an-s t\-XrXz-n-ep- ssk-\yw kn-v, ap--m-, {]-tZ-i- Io-g-S-p-I-I-bpw A-hn-S--fn- hn-im-e-amb C-kv-em-an-I km-{am-Pyw m-]n-p-I-bpw sNbv-Xp. ln. 159 J-eo-^ a-lv-Zn- C-y-bn-te--b ssk-\y-n- c-v {]-ap-J ap-l-n-kp-I- Dm-bn-cp-p. H-v ssi-Jv d-_o-D-_v-\p--_o-lv
A--_-kz-cn. I-iv-^p-p-\q- C-t-l-s-p-dnv C-s\ ]-d-bp-p. C-kv-em-an- A-[ym-b--
Xn-cn-v {K--c-N-\ \-S-n-b B-Zy-hy-n-bm-Wnt-lw. Xz-_-Izm-v C-_v-\p-k-Av-Zn- C-s\
hm-bn-mw. ""k-ap-{Z-am--Kw t]m-cm-fn-bm-bn A-tlw C-y-bn-te-v ]p-d-s-p. a-c-W-s--tm-
(ln. 160) C-y- k-ap-{Z-n-se H-cp Zzo-]n- At-l-s Iz-_v-d-S-p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp (hm. 7, t]Pv 36)
a-sm-cp {]-ap-J ap-l-n-km-Wv Xm-_n-Av B-b
l-_m-_v C-_v-\p-^-fm-e. \-_n(-kz)-bp-sS tk-hI-\m-b A-\-kp-_v-\p-am-en-In-s\ A-t-lw t\-cn I-n-p-v. (ao-km-\p- C-Av-Xn-Zm- hm.1, t]Pv 28). kn-n- \n-v a-pw [m-cm-fw ]-n-Xm- l-Zo-kv ]-T-\-n-\m-bn A-d-_v \m-Sp-I-fn-tev t]m-bn-cp-p. a-lv-ap-Zv K-kv-\n-bp-sS B-{I-a-Wn-\p ap-v ln. 375 kn-v k---in-v A-_vZp--Jm-knw a-Jv-Zn-kn C-s\ tc-J-s-Sp-p-p.
"A-h-cn- A-[n-I-t]-cpw l-Zo-kn-\-\p-k-cn-v Pohn-p--h-cm-Wv. tIm-S-Xn hn-[n-I- l-\-^n a-Zvl-_v A-\p-k-cn-m-Wv \-S-p--Xv. am-en-In, l-_-en a-Zv-l-_p-I-tfm ap-Av-X-kn-eo Nn--tbm
A-hn-sS I-n-. ]--]m-Xn-Xzw, Ip-g-w, Xo-{hX F-n-h-bn- \n-v A-h- ap--cm-Wv.
kn-v, a--kq-d tZ-_- Xp-S-n-b -e-fp-am-bn _--s-Sp-n-b [m-cm-fw ap-l-n-kp-Isf C-m-e-L--n- \-ap-v Im-Wm-hp--Xm-Wv.
D-Zm-l-c-W-am-bn A-_q-a-Av-i- \-Po-ln-_v-\p A_v-Zp--d-lv-am-\p-n-n(-a.-ln. 170), A-_q A-_vZn ap-l--Zp-_v-\p d-Pm-D-n-o (a.-ln. 246) A-lm-^n-Zv A-_q-_-- ap-l--Zv _v-\p d-Pm-Dn-n (ln. 286) ap-l-n-kv A-_p--A-m-kv
A-lv-a-Zv-_v-\p ap-l--Zv-_v-\p kzm-en-lp- a--kzqcn, A-_q ap-l--Zv A-_v-Zp-m-ln-_v-\p P-Av-^-_v-\p ap--d: A--a--kzq-cn(-a.-ln. 390) A-_q-PAv-^- ap-l--Zp-_v-\p C-_v-dm-lo-ap-o-_-en Xp-Sn-b-h- A-h-cn- Nn-e- am-{Xw.

ln-Pv-d A-mw \q-m-v

ln-Pv-d A-mw \q-m-n- kp--Xzm- \m-kzndp-o- k-_v-Kv-X-Ko-, A-t-l-n-s ]p-{X- kp-Xzm- a-lv-aq-Zv K-kv-\n (360-421) F-n-h-cn-eqsS-bm-Wv C-y-bn- C-kv-emw ho-pw ap-t-w
\-S-n-b-Xv. ]-n-X-\pw, I-hn-bpw F-gp-p-Im-cAu-loZv

! 41 !

\p-am-bn-cp- kp--Xzm-.-hn-m-\--fp-sS kph--W-Im-e-L--am-bn-cp-p {]-kv-Xp-X Im-ew. I-a-im-kv-{X {Ko-v hn-m-\o-b--fn-epw l-\-^o

I--a-im-kv-{X-k-c-Wn-bn-epw hn-Z-Kv-[-cm-bn-cp-p A[n-I-]-n-X-m-cpw. ]n-o-Sv h- tKm-dn-Im-e-Lw hn-m-\o-b--fn- \n--I-ep-I-bpw l-Zo-kns\ A-h-K-Wn-p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. \m-emw \q-mn-s A-h-km-\ ]m-Xn-bn- kn-n- kzm-[o\w sN-ep-n-b C-kv-am-Cu-eo-_m-Xzn-\n hn-`m-K-fp-sS kzm-[o-\-am-bn-cp-p C-Xn-\p Im-c-Ww. H]-Xmw \q-m-p-h-sc Cu A-h- Xp-S--p.
U-m-\n-se-bpw Kp-P-dm-n-se-bpw `-c-Wm-[n-Imcn-I-fp-sS Im-e-m-Wv ]n-o-Sv l-Zo-kv im-J-bvv
]p-tcm-K-Xn-bp-m-b-Xv.
C-m-e-L--n-se G--hpw {]-i-kv-X-\m-b apl-n-km-Wv C-amw k-Km-\n F- t]-cn-e-dn-b-sSp- ap-l-n-kv A-_p--^-k- dn-f-o-. A-tl-n-s {]-i-kv-X-l-Zo-kv {K---fm-Wv an-kzv_m-lp-p-Pm -^o l-Zo-kn- ap-kv-Xz-^m.
K-kv-\n, tKm-dn `-c-W-Im-e-- I--a-im-kv-{X
{K---fpw a-Zv-l-_o ]--]m-Xn-Xz-hpw sIm-SnIp-n-hm-gp-I-bm-bn-cp-p. A-m-e-s l-Zo-kv
]-n-X-\m-b \n-km-ap-o- _-Zm-bq-\n(634-725)
\n-v H-cp kw-`-hw D--cn--s-Sp-Xv X-Izveo-Zns B-gw A-f-m- D-]-I-cn-pw. _-Zm-bp-\n- Km\w tI--m- C-jv-S-s-Sp- hy-n-bm-bn-cp-p.
]-n-X-m- A-Xn-s\ I--i-\-am-bn hn-e-p-h-cpw. Cu kw-`-hw Kn-bm-kp-o- Xp--n-s ap]n-se-n. A-t-lw I--a-im-kv-X-Im-c-m-sc-bpw
]-n-X-m-sc-bpw -Wn-p-h-cp-n Cu hn-jb-n- H-cp hm-Z-{]-Xn-hm-Zw \-S-n. ap-l-n-kv
\n-km-ap-o- Km-\w {i-hn-m- A-\p-h-Z-\o-b-amsW-v Im-Wn-p- l-Zo-kp-I- D--cn-p-tmsg-mw a-dp-]--n-s {]-Xn-I-c-Ww C--s\-bmbn-cp-p. ""\-p-sS \m-n- l-Zo-kp-I-tf-m- ^nIzv-ln-m-Wv {]m-[m-\yw. C-amw im-^nCu sX-fnhm-bn kzo-I-cn- l-Zo-kv l-\-^n-I-fm-b \-ap-v
kzo-I-cn-p-hm- \n--hm-l-an-. A-t-lw \-psS a-Zv-l-_n-s i-{Xp-hm-Wv'' (A--Jm-^-p-
C-kv-em-an-, A-_v-Zp--l-p- l-k-\o)
Kp-P-dm-n-se ap-f-^- `-c-Ww U-m-\n-se
_m-lv-an-\n `-c-Ww F-n-h-bp-sS Io-gn- l-Zo-kv
hn-m-\w C-y-bn- ]-S--v ]--en-p. Cu-Pn]v-Xn- C-_v-\p-l-Pd-- n A-kv-Iz-em-\n (a.-ln. 852)bp-sS Xp-ey-X-bn-m- l-Zo-kv tk-h-\-hpw Xq-e-ap- {]-i-kv-Xn-bpw ]m-c-ay-n-se-n-b k--`-am-bn-cp-p A-Xv. C-amw k-Jm-hn-bpw k-I-cn- A--kzm-cn-bpw C-_v-\p-l-P-dn(-d)s in-jym-cm-Wv. C-_v-\p l-P-dn- ssl-X-an-bm-I-s kI-cn-- A--kzm-cn-bp-sS in-jy-\pw. C-m-e-b-fhn- C-y-bn- \n-v ln-Pm-kn-te-pw Xn-cn-pap- ]-n-X bm-{X hym-]-I-hpw km--h-{Xn-I-hpam-bn-cp-p.
P\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012

......................................................................................................................................................

]-mw \q-m-n-se a-p {]-ap-J l-Zo-kv ]-n-X-m-cm-Wv ssi-Jv A-en-p ap--Jn-bpw(a. 996), A-t-l-n-s in-jy-]-c--c-bpw--{]-i-kv-X l-Zokv hn-m-\-tIm-i-am-b I--kp- D-m- ^o kp-\-\n- A-Izv-hm-en h-
A-^v-B-' A-t-l-n-s c-N-\-bm-Wv. C-Xv B-Zy-am-bn A--Sn--Xv ssl-Zcm-_m-Zn-em-Wv. ln-Pv-d 913 A--cn- "a-Pv-a-D _n-lm-dn- A--hm- ^o Kdm-C-_n---ko- h-e-Xzm-C-^n- A-Jv-_m-' F- {K--n-s I--mhp-am-b ap-l-n-kv A-m-am ap-l--Zv _v-\p Xzm-ln-dp- ^-X-\n B Im-e-L-n-se a-sm-cp ap-l-n-km-Wv.
......................................................................................................................................................

C-_v-\p-l-P-dn A-kv-Iz-em-\n-bp-sS {]-ap-J injy-\m-b ssi-Jv b-Av-Izq-_v-_v-\p A-_v-Zp--d-lvam-(789-843) _m-lv-an-\n-b kp--Xzm- A-lv-a-Zv
jm-lv H-m-a-s Im-e-v t_mw-s_ h-gn Kp-_--K-bn-se-n Xm-a-kn-p. C-am-Zp-o- a-lv-aq-Zv_v-\p ap-l--Zp- ssI-em-\n _m-lv-an-\n kp-Xzm- A-em-D-o- jm-bp-sS Im-e-v U-m-\n Xm-a-kn-p.
C-amw k-Jm-hn-bp-sS in-jy-]-c--c-bn- s]-
[m-cm-fw-t]- C-y-bn-se-n-bn-p-v. ssi-Jv hPo-lp-o- ap-l--Zp- am-en-In (929) P-am-ep-o ap-l--Zp- l-fv-d-an (a.930), ap-l-o-kv d-^o-Do- io-dm-kn(954) ssi-Jv Jp-Xp-_p-o-\p- Am-kn Xp-S-n-b-h- A-h-cn- Nn-e-cm-Wv.
ssi-Jv A-_v-Zp--ap-Av-Xzn _m-I-ko-dp- a-n
(a. 989) ssi-Jv in-lm-_p-o- A-lv-a-Zp- Am-kn (992) Xp-S-n-b-h- C-y-bn- F-n-b
C-amw k-Jm-hn-bp-sS in-jy-m-cm-Wv.
C-_v-\p-l-P-dn- ssl-X-an-bp-sS in-jy-m-cmb ssi-Jv ap-l--Zv-_v-\p A-_v-Zp-m-ln ^m-Inlm-\n, ssi-Jv b-Av-Izq-_p- I-iv-ao-cn, A-_v-Zp K-\n A--Kw tKm-ln Xp-S-n-b A-kw-Jyw
ap-l-n-kp-I-fm-b in-jy-m-cpw C-y-bp-sS hn-hn[ `m-K--fn- l-Zo-kv {]-Nm-c-W-n-\p {i-an-np-v.
]-mw \q-m-n-se a-p {]-ap-J l-Zo-kv ]n-X-m-cm-Wv ssi-Jv A-en-p- ap--Jn-bpw(a.
996), A-t-l-n-s in-jy-]-c--c-bpw--{]-i-kv-X
l-Zo-kv hn-m-\-tIm-i-am-b I--kp- D-m-
^o kp-\-\n- A-Izv-hm-en h- A-^v-B-' A-tl-n-s c-N-\-bm-Wv. C-Xv B-Zy-am-bn A--Sn-Xv ssl-Z-cm-_m-Zn-em-Wv. ln-Pv-d 913 A--cn-
"a-Pv-a-D _n-lm-dn- A--hm- ^o K-dm-C-_n--ko- h-e-Xzm-C-^n- A-Jv-_m-' F- {K--ns I--m-hp-am-b ap-l-n-kv A-m-am ap-l--Zv
_v-\p Xzm-ln-dp- ^-X-\n B Im-e-L--n-se asm-cp ap-l-n-km-Wv.
Kp-P-dm-v, U-m- {]-tZ-i--fn-se `-c-Ww
-bn-p-I-bpw U--ln-bn-se tI-{o-Ir-X `-c-Wn--Io-gn- B-bn-o-cp-I-bpw sN-bv-X-tm- ]n-X-m- A-tm-v {]-h-ln-p. Xp-S--v A-IvAu-loZv

! 42 !

_-dn-s Im-e-n-s A-h-km-\n- c-v ]-cnjv-I--m--sf C-y-v e-`n-p. A-lv-a-Zp-_v-\p

A-_v-Zp A-l-Zv A--ap-P-n-Zp---l-n-bpw, A_v-Zp--l-Jv ap-l-n-kv -lv-e-hn-bp-am-Wv B c-pt]-. ap-P-n-sZ A--^-km-\n-bp-sS {i-a-^-e-am-bn
A-Iv-_-dn-s Zo-s\ C-em-ln A-{]-Xy--am-hp-Ibpw P-\--sf A-t-lw Izp--B-\n-te-pw kp-n-te-pw -Wn-p-I-bpw h-gn sX-n-b kq^n-k-s t\-sc-bm-p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp.
-tbm-p-J-am-b l-Zo-kv ]-T-\-n-\v ]p-\-Pw \--In-b-Xv ssi-Jv A-_v-Zp--l-Jv ap-l-n-kv
Z-lv-e-hn(958-1052)bpw k-m-\-]-c--c-bp-am-Wv.

im-lv h-en-p-m-ln--lv-e-hn (P. ln.1114)

]-{-mw \q-m-n- C-y-bn-se ap-kv-enw
`-c-Ww N-{I-izm-kw h-en-p- A-h-k-c-n-emWv imlv h-en-p-m-ln -lv-e-hn-bp-sS cw-K-{]-thiw. A--hn-izm-k--fpw A-\m-Nm-c--fpw I-n
h-g-p-I-fpw ap-kv-enw k-aq-l-n- \p-g-p-Ib-dn. a-Zv-l-_v ]--]m-Xn-Xz--fpw ^n-Jv-ln-s
\n-jv-{In-b-Xz-hpw X-k-p-^n-s Zp-cp-]-tbm-K-hpw
X---im-kv-{X-n-s A-Xn-{]-k-c-hpw l-Zo-kv ]T-\-n- \n-v P-\--sf ]n--n-b A-h-k-cwIq-Sn-bm-bn-cp-p A-Xv. hn-izm-k--I--a--Nn-m-cwK-v Izp--B-\n\pw l-Zo-kn-\pw {]m-ap-Jyw \-In k-e-^p-zm-en-lp-I-fp-sS ]m-X-bn-te-v D-n-s\ \-bn- {]-Xn-`-bm-W-t-lw.
X-s k-a-Im-en-I-cpw in-jy-m-cp-am-b ap-l-nkv ap-l--Zv ^m-Jn- C-e-l-_m-Zn(-ln.1120-1164)
a-fv-^--Pm-s\ Pm- A--lv-e-hn, im-lv-A-_v-Zp-A-ko-kv Z-lv-e-hn(1159-1239), im-lv A-_v-Zp-Jm-Zn- (1167-1253), im-lv d-^o-D-o- (1162-1233),
im-lv A-_v-Zp--K-\n (a.-ln. 1227) Xp-S-n-b-hcpw a-X-]p-\-cp-m-\ {]-h---\--fn-epw C--ap l-Zo-kn-s {]-Nm-c-W-n-epw \n-kv-Xp-e ]-v
h-ln--h-cm-Wv.
d-lo-an- kv-Iq-fn--\n-v B-th-iw D--sm k-e-^o-[m-c-bn-eq-sS Nn-n-p-I-bpw {]-h-n-p-I-bpw sN-bv-X-h-cm-Wv ssi-Jv A-_v-Zp-l-v A--_-Zm-\-hn, \-hm-_v kn-o-Izv l-k- Jm, \-Zo- lp-ssk- Z-lv-e-hn, hn-em-b-Xv A-en
P\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012

A-fo-am-_m-Zn, A-_v-Zp--l-Izv A--_-\m-d-kn XpS-n-b {]-ap-J ap-l-n-kp-I-.

kn-o-Izv l-k--Jm- {K--c-N-\, {]-kn-oI-c-Ww km--n-I k-lm-bw F-o \n-e-I-fn-
{]-h--n--tm- ap-l-o-kv \-Zo- lp-ssk- Adp-]-n-c-v h--jw \o-p-\n- l-Zo-kv A-[ym]-\-n-eq-sS-bm-Wv X-s tk-h-\w hn-\n-tbm-Kn-Xv. A-{]-Im-in-X-hpw A-e-`y-hp-am-bn-cp- [m-cmfw {K--- kz-w sN-e-hn- A--Sn-v kuP-\y-am-bn hn-X-c-Ww sN-bv-Xp A-t-lw. 262-e-[nIw A-d-_n c-N-\-I-fp- A-t-l-n-s l-Zokv Ir-Xn-I- Nn-e-Xv Xm-sg tN--p-p.
1) Hu-\p- _m-cn ^o l-n A-Zn--Xn- _pJm-cn, 2), A-n-dm-Pp- h-lv-lm-Pv ^o I-iv-^n aXzm-en-_n ap-Jv-X-k-dn k-lo-lv ap-kv-enw, 3) ^-Xvlp- A-mw i-d-lv _p-eq-Kp- a-dmw, 4) A-lp-z: _n-Zn-Iv-cn-n-lm-ln n-, 5) Xu-^oJp- _m-cn-^o X--Pp-a-Xn- A-Z-_n- ap-^v-d-Zv
en- _p-Jm-cn
ap-l-n-kv k-n-Zv \-Zo- lp-ssk- Z-lv-e-hnbp-sS {K--I--m--fm-b \q-dp-I-W-n-\v in-jym-cn- G-Xm-\pw t]-sc ]-cn-N-b-s-Smw.
A--ap-l-n-kp- I-_o- A-_q Xz-n-_v apl--Zv iw-kp- l-Jv A-fo-am-_m-Zn (1857-1911)
C-y-bn-se {]-ap-J ap-l-n-kv. {]-ap-J c-N-\
"Km-b-Xp- a-Jv-kq-Zv ^o ln-n kp-\-\n A-_o-Zmhq-Zv' A-_q-Zm-hq-Zn-se l-Zo-kp-I-fp-sS k-\-Zp-Isf-p-dn-pw a-Xv\p-I-sf-p-dn-pw k-hn-kv-X-cw hni-Zo-I-cn-p- {K-w. a-sm-cp {K--am-Wv "Hu\p- a-Av-_q-Zv A-em kp-\-\n A-_o-Zm-hq-Zv'. \nch[n hm-ey--fp--Xpw _r-l-m-b-Xp-am-b C-cp{K---fpw C-y--I-pw ]p-d-p-am-bn hym]-I-am-bn A--Sn-p {]-N-cn--s-Sp-p-v.
a-sm-cp {]-ap-J in-jy-\m-Wv ap-l-n-kp- I_o- A-ma A-_v-Zp--d-lv-am- C-_v-\p- lm^n-fv A-_v-Zp-d-lo-ap- ap-_m-d-Iv-]q-cn(a-c-Ww ln.
1353).-Xn--an-Zn-bp-sS {]-i-kv-X hym-Jym-\-{K--amb Xp-lv-^-Xp- A-lv-h-Zn-bm-Wv A-t-l-n-s
G-sd {]-k-kv-X-am-b {K-w. A-t-l-sa-gp-Xn-b
B-bn-c--W-n-\p t]-Pp-I-fp- ap-Iz-n-a-Xp Xplv-^-Xp- A-lv-h-Zn F- B-ap-Jw l-Zo-kv hnm-\-s-p-dn-p- B-[n-Im-cn-I ]-T-\-am-Wv.
k-\m-D-m A-ar-Xl
-- -cn, ap-l-n-kv A-_v-Zp--lJv A--ap--m-\n, A-ao-d-en a-eo-lm-_m-Zn-Xp-Sn-b H--[n-Iw in-jy-m-cp-v ap-l-n-kv \-Zo-
lp-ssk-\v. C-kv-em-an-I tem-I-v A-dn-b-s-Sp [m-cm-fw A-d-_v hw-i-P-cm-b ap-l-n-kp-I-fpw
A-t-l-n-s in-jy-m-cm-Wv. hn-i-Zo-I-c-W-n\p A-h-k-c-an-m--Xv-sIm-v am-n-sh-bv-p-p.
ssi-Jv ap-l--Zp-_v- A-_v-Zp--d-lv-am- _n- lk- _v-\p-ss-Jv ap-l--Zv _n- A-_v-Zp--h-lvlm-_v (1276-1319) {]-ap-J sam-tdm-tm ]-n-X X-Jn-p-o- ln-em-ep- a-dm-In-in Xp-S-n-b
Au-loZv

! 43 !

hn-tZ-i ]-n-X-m-cpw A-t-l-n-s-in-jy-]-c-c-bn- s]-Sp-p.

l-\-^o kv-Iq-
C-y-bnse l-Zo-kv im-J-bv-v {i-t-b-am-b
kw-`m-h-\-I- \--In-b l-\-^o [m-c-bn-se ]n-X-m-cm-Wv ap-l--Zv Jm-knw \m-\q-Xz-hn-bpw
d-jo-Zv A-lv-a-Zv Kw-tKm-ln-bpw. A-h-cp-sS in-jy]-c--c-bpw. ln.1283/1867 Z-bq-_-n- ap-l-Zv Im-knw \m-\q-Xz-hn m-]n- l-Zo-kv ]-T-\-tI{-am-Wv Zm-dp- D-eqw Z-bq-_-v. C-tX k---`n- X-s im-lv ap-l--Zv C-km-lm-Jv Z-lv-ehn-bp-sS in-jy-\m-b ap-l-n-kv A-lv-a-Z-en k-lmd--]q-cn m-]n--Xm-Wv a-fm-ln-dp- D-eqw k-lmd--]q-. Cu c-p m-]-\--fpw l-Zo-kv im-Jbv-v \--In-b kw-`m-h-\ A-hn-X--n-X-am-Wv.
Cu m-]-\-- C-y-bv-v \--In-b kw`m-h-\-I-fm-Wv ssi-Jp--ln-v a-l-aq-Zp- l-k Z-bq-_-n(1268-1339). ssi-Jv A-lv-a-Zv l-k Aw-tdm-ln (a.-ln.1330). ss^-fp- _m-cn Aem kz-lo-ln- _p-Jm-cn F- {K--n-s I-m-hm-b A--h--jm-lv I-iv-ao-cn(1292-1352). Aiv-d-^v A-en-Ym-\-hn, lp-ssk- A-lv-a-Zv a-Z-\n,
i-_o- A-lv-a-Zp- D-kv-am-\n (1369) Xp-S-n-b-h A-t-l-n-s {]-kn- ap-kv-enw hym-Jym-\-{K-am-Wv ^-Xv-lp- ap--lnw.
A--h--jm I-iv-ao-cn-bp-sS in-jy-m- ^-Jv-dpo-\p- ap-dm-Zm-_m-Zn, ap-l--Zv bq-kp-^p- _\q-cn(1397), l-_o-_p--d-lv-am-\p- A-Av-f-an, apl--Zv a--kzq- \p-Av-am-\n Xp-S-n-b-h-. Xn--anZn-bp-sS hym-Jym-\-am-b a-B-cn-^p-p-\- ap-l-Zv bp-kp-^p- _-\q-cn-bp-tS-Xm-Wv.
a-fm-lndp- k-lm-d--]q-cn-bp-sS k--Xn-I-fmWv J-eo- A-lv-a-Zv k-lm-d--]q-cn (1269-1346),
ap-l--Zv bq-kp-^p- Im-t-e-hn (a.-ln. 1384),
au-em-\m C-^- A-lv-a-Zp- D-kv-am-\n (1396), apl--Zv B-in-Jv C-em-lo ao-d-n Xp-S-n-b-h-.C-amw am-en-In-s ap-h-Xz-bp-sS hym-Jym-\-{K-am-b Hu-P-kp- a-km-en-In-s I--m-hm-Wv apl--Zv bq-kp-^p- I-t-e-hn- ^-d-n a-l- IpSpw-_-hpw A-Xn-se {]-ap-Jmw-K-am-b A-_p--lk-\m-v A-_v-Zp--l-v e-Jv-\-hn-bpw in-jy-]-c-c-bpw l-Zo-kn-\p sN-bv-X a-l-m-b tk-h-\- kv-a-c-Wo-b-am-Wv.
P-am-A-p--e-^n- (_-\m-d-kv) Zm-dp- lZo-kn-d-lv-am-\n- (Z--ln) Pm-an-A Zm-dp--emw
(D-a-dm-_m-Zv) Xp-S-n-b m-]-\-- l-Zo-kv sshm-\n-I ta-J-e-v a-l-m-b kw-`m-h-\-I- A-n--h-bm-Wv.
B-[p-\n-I C-kv-em-an-I tem-I-v {i-t-b-\mb l-Zo-kv \n-cq-]-I- lw-k A-_v-Zp- a-e-_m-cnsb C-hn-sS A-\p-kv-a-cn-t- tI-c-fo-b hy-nXz-am-Wv.
#
P\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012

]T\w

tUm. A_vZp apCw \an

_pJm-cn-bn \ncq-]Whnt[bamb
lZo-kp-Itfm?
d-kq-en-s l-Zo-kp-I-tfm-Sv B-m--Y-X Im-Wn-p--h- k-\-Zv(-dn-tm---am-cp-sS ]-c--c) t\m-n A-h-sb A-cn--bn-en-v {]-_-e-am-b-h-sb-bpw
A-m--h-sb-bpw th- Xncn-p- {]-{In-b \-S-p--tXm-sSm-w l-Zokn-s hm-p-I-sf(a-Xv\v) -n-bp- A-t\z-j-Ww \-S-m-\pw A-h--v
hn-p-t]m-bn-n-.

-kq-en-s l-Zo-kp-I-tfm-Sv Bm--Y-X Im-Wn-p--h- k-\-Zv(dn-tm----am-cp-sS ]-c--c) t\m-n

A-h-sb A-cn--bn-en-v {]-_-e-am-bh-sb-bpw A-m--h-sb-bpw th-
Xncn-p- {]-{In-b \-S-p--tXmsSm-w l-Zo-kn-s hm-p-I-sf(aXv\v) --n-bp- A-t\z-j-Ww \-Sm-\pw A-h--v hn-p-t]m-bn-n-.
C--cw hm-p-I- A-s-n- Cu
hn-j-bw d-kq-en--\n-v h-cm- km[y-X-bp-tm F-v ]-cn-tim-[n-m hym-P-am-b-Xpw A-m--Xpw th-Xn-cn-p--Xn-\v th-n A-h- Nne am-\-Z--- sh-p-I-bpw sNbv-Xn-p-v. C-_v-\p-Z-IzoIzv ]-d-bpp: ]-e-tm-gpw hym-Pw F-v Ah- hn-[n-sb-gp-Xp-I l-Zo-kn-s hmp-I- ]-cn-K-Wn-m-Wv. \-_n-bp-sS
hm-p-I- \n--c-am-bn ho-n-p-Xn-eq-sS A-t-l-n- \n-v hcm- km-[y-X-bp--Xpw A-m-Xpw A-h- a-\-n-em-p-p. dn-tm--dp-sS A-h--bp-sS e--W-tm- dn-tm--v sN--s--Xn-s Ah--sIm-m-Wv hym-P-am-b-Xv a-\n-em-hp-I''. Im-c-Ww hym-P-am-bn
l-Zo-kv \n--an-p--h- A-h- ]-dAu-loZv

! 44 !

bp--Xv k-Xy-k--cpw hn-iz-kv-X-cp-am-b B-fp-Ifn-te-v tN--m- {]-tXy-Iw {i-n-m-dp-v. AXp-sIm-v l-Zo-kn-s hm-p-I-fpw B-i-b--fpw
]-cn-tim-[n-v \n-cq-]-W hn-t[-b-am-t--Xp-v.
hym-P-am-b-Xn- \n-v {]-_-e-am-b-Xn-s\ I-sm- A-h--v Nn-e A-S-bm-f--fp-v.
1. hm-p-I-fp-sS ssh-I-eyw d-kq- A-d-_n-Ifn- G--hpw A-[n-Iw h-ssKz-`h-ap- hy-n-bmWv. A-Xn-\m- A-t-l-n--\n-v C--cw sshI-ey-ap- hm-p-I- ]p-d-v h-cn-I-bn-.
2. B-i-b--fp-sS tZm-j-hpw hn-I-e-X-bpw. DZm: s\-v H-cp a-\p-jy-\m-bn-cp-p-sh-n- A-h-
k-l-\-io-e-\m-Ip-am-bn-cp-p.
3. i-cn-bm-b H-cp a-X-hn-[n-bp-am-bn A-Xv G-pap-p-I. D-Zm-l-c-W-am-bn kp--c-am-b ap-J-v t\m- C-_m-Z-m-Wv'' F- l-Zo-kv. C-hn-sS ]pcp-j-s ap-J-sa-tm kv-{Xo-bp-sS ap-J-sa-tm th-Xn-cn-p-]-d-n-n- --A-h-fp-sS ap-J-t-v bmZr-On-I-am-bp- B-Zy-t\m--n-\v ti-j-ap- t\mw l-dm-am-Wv. ""H-m-a-s t\m-w \n-\-p-Xpw c-m-a-s t\m-w \n-\-s-Xn-cm-b-Xp-am-Wv''
4. H-cp sN-dn-b Im-cy-n-\v h-en-b hm-Kv-Zm-\hpw Xm-o-Xpw D-m-bn-cn-p-I.
5. bp-n-c-ln-X-am-b A-Xn-i-tbm-n-I-fp-mhp-I. Du-Pp-_v-\p D-\p-Jn-\v ap-m-bn-c-n ap-q-nap--Xpw 1/3 Dw ap-gw- \o-f-ap-m-bn-cp-p. A-tlw I-S-en-s A-Sn-bn--\n-v a-yw ]n-Sn-v shbn-e-v s]m-cn-p-am-bn-cp-p....; ap-l--Zv F-tm
P\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012

..............................................................................................................................................

d-kq-en-s l-Zo-kp-I- A-cn-p-s]-dp-m-\pw A-h-bn- I-S-p Iq-Snb-h-sb H-gn-hm-n A-h-bv-v kw-c--Ww \--Im-\pw \-p-sS ]q--hnI-cm-b a-lm-]-n-X-m- h-en-b tk-h-\-am-Wv \-S-n-bn-p--Xv. A-h-v A-Xn-\v A-m-lp X- {]-Xn-^-ew \--I-s. Cu ss]-Xr-Iw ]q-W-am-bpw A-tX hn-ip-n-tbm-sS A-h- \-ap-v hn-p-X-n-p-ap-v. A-h-v ti-jw C-Xn- B--pw Iq-n-t--m- A-h-k-c-an-.
..............................................................................................................................................

A-lv-a-Zv F-tm t]-cp--h-sc A-n kv-]--inp-I-bn-! Xp-S-n-b l-Zo-kp-I-.

6. A-kzo-Im-cy-hpw A-\p-`-h-k-Xy-n-\v hn-cp-hp-am-b ]-cn-[n \n--W-b-ap-m-hp-I. Zp--bm-hns h-b-v F-gp-]-X-n-\m-bn-cw h--j-am-sW-v \n-W-bn-p-I. ]n-s-bm-Wv A-y-\m- h-cn-I. CXv Izp--B-\n-s "A-Xn-s\ kw-_-n- A-dn-hv
F-s \m-Y-s A-Sp-m-Wv' F- hy--am-b
{]-Jym-]-\-n-\pw kw-`-h-bm-Ym--Yy-n-\pw hn-cp-am-Wv.
7. kz-lm-_n-I-sf-mw H-p-tN--v \p-W ]d-p-sh-v B-tcm-]n-p- l-Zo-kv. io-A hn`m-Kw C--s\ H-cp l-Zo-kv D--cn-p-p. \-_n
A-en-sb X-\n-v ti-j-ap- C-amw B-bn sX-cs-Sp-p. F-n-v A-h-tcm-Sv ]-d-p: \n--
tI--p-I, A-\p-k-cn-p-I. F-m- F-m kzlm-_n-am-cpw Cu l-Zo-kv I-n-n-; \-_n-bn-
\n-v tI-n-p-an- A-en-bp-sS Jn-em-^-n-\v thn ]-w ]n-Sn-p--h- H-gn-sI. C--cw H-cp
l-Zo-kp-m-bn-v kz-lm-_n-I- H-p-tN--v AXv H-fn-p-sh-p-I; A-Xv \n-c-kn-p-I A-kw-`hy-am-W-Xv.
C--s\ l-Zo-kv ]-n-X-m- A-h-cp-sS ap]n- d-kq-en--\n-v dn-tm--v sN--s--Xm-bn
h-cp--h Xq-n-t\m-m- ]-e Xp-em-p-I-fpw Af-hp-tIm-ep-I-fpw G--s-Sp-n. A-h ap-tJ-\ \-Xpw No--bpw th--Xn-cn-m-\pw l-Zo-sk-v ]d-b-s-Sp- ]-e-Xpw \n-cmIcn-m-\pw A-h--v Ign-p. B-m--Y-X-bpw Xym-Kk---X-bp-ap-h---m-sX C--cw H-cp {i-aw \-S-m- I-gnbn-. C-Xp-t]m-ep- H-v H-cp k-ap-Zm-b-n-s
N-cn-{X-n-epw kw-`-hn-n-p-an-.
d-kq-en-s l-Zo-kp-I- A-cn-p-s]-dp-m-\pw
A-h-bn- I-S-p Iq-Sn-b-h-sb H-gn-hm-n A-h-bvv kw-c--Ww \--Im-\pw \-p-sS ]q--hn-I-cmb a-lm-]-n-X-m- h-en-b tk-h-\-am-Wv \-Sn-bn-p--Xv. A-h--v A-Xn-\v A-m-lp X-
{]-Xn-^-ew \--I-s. Cu ss]-Xr-Iw ]q--W-ambpw A-tX hn-ip-n-tbm-sS A-h- \-ap-v hn-p-Xn-p-ap-v. A-h--v ti-jw C-Xn- B--pw Iqn-t--m- A-h-k-c-an-. ]-n-X-m--v B-hiy-ap--sX-mw ap--Km-an-I-fm-b A-h- ]q-oAu-loZv

! 45 !

I-cn-p-X-n-p-v. A-h- ss]-Xp-I-am-bn \--Inb hn-m-\w--hn-ti-jn-pw dn-tm----am-cp-am-bpw

l-Zo-kn-s ssI-am- ]-c--c-bp-am-bpw _--s-h--a\
-
- n-em-p-X
- n- \-ap-n-Sbn- G-
- pdhpm-Ipw. Hm-tcm dn-tm---sd--n-bpw A-h- A-`n{]m-bw ]-d--ti-jw \-ap-v ]n-s H-cm-sf hniz-kv-X-t\m Zp--_-e-t\m B-m- A-h-k-c-an-.
F-m- l-Zo-kv D--cn-p- dn-tm----am-sc
kw-_-n-t-S-tm-fw- C--d- Im-cy--sf-mw
i-cn-X-s. ]-t l-Zo-kn-s a-Xv-\v A-Y-hm hmp-I-fpw B-i-b--fpw kw-_-n-v ]p-Xn-b A`n-{]m-b---v km-[y-X-tb-bn-. k-\-Zv Ip--a-Xm-b l-Zo-kp-I-fpw hn-a--i-\-n-\pw B-i-b-hn\n-a-b-n-\pw B-i-bw i-cn-bm-tWm F- hn-jb-n-ep- A-`n-{]m-b-hy-Xym-k-n-\pw hn-t[-bam-Wv. hn-ti-jn-pw l-Zo-kv hn-m-\-n-s ASn--d ]m-In-b \-p-sS ]q--hn-I-m- \-ap-v AXn-\p- I-hm-Sw Xp-d-p-X-n-p-v. l-Zo-kp-I-sf
A-h-bp-sS a-Xv-\n-s-bpw B-i-b-n-s-bpw \n-ebvv A-h- \n-cq-]-W-hn-t[-b-am-n-bn-p-v. k-\
Zv kzo-Im-cy-hpw A-\p-{K-l-hp-am-sW-n-X-s-bpw.
Cu I-hm-Sw- a-Xv-\pw B-i-b-hpw \n-cq-]-W-hnt[-b-am--- Xp-d--s-p-sIm-t-bn-cn-p-p. ]t kq-v-a-X-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bpw hn-Nm-c-W-bv-v hnt[-b-am-bpw--hn-ti-jn-pw h-lv-bv A-\p-k-cn-s-v
D-d-p--Xpw i-co-A-pw A-Izo-Z-bp-am-bn _-s--Xp-am-b l-Zo-kp-I-fp-sS Im-cy-n-. Im-c-Ww
F-m a-\p-jy--pw Hm-tcm-cp--cp-am-bpw _p-nbpw hn-th-N-\-i-n-bp-a-\p-k-cn-v l-Zo-kn-s Bi-b-n-s Im-cy-n- hn-[n-\-S-m-\pw A-s\ tXm-n-b-Xv X-m-\pw kzo-I-cn-m-\pw I-gnbp-am-dv Cu I-hm-Sw Xp-d-p-sIm-Sp-p-I-bm-sWn- l-Zo-kp-I-sf-sb-mw \mw i--am-b H-cp
C-f-n a-dn--en-\v hn-t[-b-am-pw. Hm-tcm a-\pjy-s-bpw {l-kz-am-b _p-n-pw hn-th-N-\-n\p-a-\p-k-cn-v hn-[n-m- \mw kzm-X-{yw A-\ph-Zn-m- Nn-e-tm- \n-\-v kzo-Im-cy-am-b lZo-kv a-t B--v A-kzo-Im-cy-am-bn-cn-pw. ^ew i-co-A-n-s Im-cy-n- H-cp A-cm-P-I-Xzw
kw-`-hn-p-I-bpw l-Zo-kv H-cp kp-n-c-am-b D-dhn-Sw A-m-Xm-hp-I-bpw sN-pw.
_p-Jm-cn-bpw a-p hn-iz-kv-X-cm-b l-Zo-kv ]P\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012

n-X-m-cpw D--cn- Nn-e l-Zo-kp-I- i-am-b \n-cq-]-W-n-\v hn-t[-b-am-bn-p-v. Nn-e- B

l-Zo-kp-I- X-p-I-tbm am-n-\n--p-I-tbm(Xh-Izp-^v) sN-p-p. D-Zm-l-c-W-am-bn _p-Jm-cn D-cn-p- Cu--bp-sS l-Zo-kv. a-sm-v F-m
Zn-hk-hpw cm-hn-se G-gv Im-c- Xn-p--h-sc B
Zn-h-kw cm-{Xn-h-sc hn-j-tam kn-lv-tdm D-]-{Z-hnp-I-bn-'' F- l-Zo-kv. _p-Jm-cn ssh-Zyw F A-[ym-b-n- sIm-Sp- l-Zo-kv. Cu l-Zokv ap-kv-en-apw A-lv-a-Zpw D--cn-n-p-v. Cu cv l-Zo-kp-I-fpw im-kv-{X-K-th-j-I-cm-b ]-nX-m-cp-sS i--am-b hn-a--i-\-n-\v hn-t[-b-ambn-p-v. Cu--bp-sS t{Zm-lw sX-fn-bn--s--XmWv. A-Xv Im-ep-I-fn-epw i-co-c-n-s ]p-d-v s]mXp-hn-epw h-ln-p-sIm-v \-S-p- tcm-Km-Wp- D-]-{Z-h-Im-cn-I-fpw Nn-e-tm- a-c-W-n-\p-Xs tl-Xp-hm-p--h-bp-am-Wv. A-tm- l-Zo-kn ]-db
- pw-t]m-se Cu-s
- b A-Xv C-cp- `-W
- -m ]q--W-am-bpw ap-n A-Xn-s D-]-{Z-hw C-c-nbm-m- \-ap-v ]m-Sn-. Im-c-Ww ssS-t^m-bv-Uv
Xp-S-n-b tcm-K--fp-sS A-Wp-- h-ln-p-\-Sp- Cu--I- A-h-bp-sS -a-cp-pw Iq-sS sImp-\-S-p-p-s-v ]-d-bm-tam? tcm-Km-Wp--fp am-en-\ym-h-in-jv-S--fn- \n-v tcm-K-hp-am-bn
h-cp- A-h-bv-v {]-Xn-tcm-[-a-cp-v F-hn-Sp-v Inn. A-h {]-Xn-tcm-[ a-cp-n- C-cp-n-p-tm?
Cu- h- l n- p- \ - S - p- - h - s Im- v sN- p-
t{Zm-lw im-kv-{Xo-b ]-co--W--fn-eq-sS kw-ib-c-ln-X-am-bn sX-fn-bn--s--Xm-Wv. ]n-s I-gnp- `--W-n- A-Xv ap-p--Xv F--s\
i-cn-bm-Ipw. Cu--sb B-m-sX \-ap-v A-Xn-s\
]m-n-\v hn-Sm-tam? C-sX--s\ A-m-lp-hn-s hlv-bn-te-v tN--m- I-gn-bpw?
Cu A-Sn-m-\-n- A-h- l-Zo-kv X-nbn-p-v. _p-Jm-cn dn-tm--v sN-bv-X-Xpw A-tlw kz-lo-lv B-sW-v {]-Jym-]n--Xp-am-sW-nepw. Im-c-Ww A-Xn-s B-i-bw kw-i-b-c-ln-Xam-b im-kv-{Xo-b ]-co--W-n-eq-sS B-tcm-Kyn-\v lm-\n-I-c-am-sW-v sX-fn--Xm-Wv. A-tm A-Xn-s\ X-p--Xv A-Xn-s hm-p-I-, Bi-bw, km-cw F-n-h t\m-n-bm-Wv.-A-Xn-s dntm----am- \o-Xn-am-m-cm-sW-n-epw. C--s
Cu ]-co--W-- d-kq-en-s ap-n- A-h-X-cnn-p F- k--ev-]n-p-I. Cu--sb F-Sp-v
am-m-\m-Wv, `--W-n- ap-m-\- A-t-lw ]d-bp-I. Im-c-Ww X-s A-\p-bm-bn-I-fp-sS B-tcmKyw kw-c-n-m- A-t-l-n-\v Xm-ev-]-cy-ap-v.
A-tm- A-t-lw, Cu--sb--n B ]-d--Xv
h-lv-bv {]-Im-c-a-. {]-tXy-I ]-cn-X-n-Xn-bn-emWv. A-Xv am--n-\v hn-t[-b-am-Wv.
]m-{X-n-s hm-b aq-Sn-s-m-\pw `--Ww AS-p-sh-m-\pw \-_n(-kz) I-ev-]n-n-p-v. ]m-{Xn- D-z-kn-p--Xv \-_n(-kz) hn-tcm-[n-n-pAu-loZv

! 46 !

v.-`--W-n- Du-Xp--Xpw sh--m-{X-n-s

hm-bn--\n-v Ip-Sn-p--Xp-sa-mw \-_n(-kz) \ntcm-[n-n-p-v. C-sX-mw kz-ln-lm-b _p-Jm-cnbpw-ap-kv-en-apw dn-tm--v sN-bv-X l-Zo-kp-I-fn-h-Xm-Wv. ]m-\o-b-n- Du-Xp- H-cp a-\p-jy-
Rm- A-Xn- I- H-cp a-en-\-h-kv-Xp \o-wsNp-I-bm-Wv F-v ]-d--tm- d-kq-(-kz) Abm-tfm-Sv ]-d--Xv "A-Xv H-gp-n--f-bq'F-m-Wv.
"F-\n-v H--izm-k-n- sh-w Ip-Sn-p-tm Zm-lw Xo-cp-n-' F-v \-_n(-kz)-tbm-Sv ]-d-tm- "F-n- ]m-{Xw Nq-n--\n-v A-I-nsh-v Ip-Sn-p-I' F-m-Wv \-_n ]-d--Xv.(-Xn-an-Zn). A-Xm-b-Xv sh--n- D-Oz-kn-m-sX ]m{Xw A-I-n-\n--n izm-kw hn-v ho-pw-Ip-Sn-pI. C-h-sb-mw B-tcm-Ky-hp-am-bn _--s- kpc-n-X a-cym-Z-I-fm-Wv. B-[p-\n-I im-kv-{Xo-b ]co--W-- C-h i-cn-bm-sW-v sX-fn-bn-p-Ibpw sN-bv-Xn-p-v. hn-ti-jn-pw H-tc-]m-{X-n-
\n-v H-n-e-[n-Iw B-fp-I- Ip-Sn-p-tm-. Btcm-Ky-kw-c--W-n-\pw a-p--h-cp-sS D-Ozm-kw
kq-n-m-\pw C-{X-bpw a-cym-Z-I-sfm-s \-_n(kz) \n--tZ-in-p-tm- Cu--sb `--W-n-
ap-m- A-t-lw I--]n-p-tam? C-Xv \-_n(-kz)
]-d-bp-v-X h-lv-bv {]-Im-c-am-Wv; A-t-l-n-s
C-Pv-Xn-lm-Zv A- F-v \mw F--s\ ]-d-bpw.
A-Xn-\m- Cu--bp-sS D-]-{Z-hw \-ap-v ]-co-W---sIm-v t_m-[y-am-bn-p-s-n- \mw
B-fp-I-tfm-Sv ]-d-tb--Xv C--s\-bm-Wv. \n--
Cu--tbm-Sv bp-w sN-bv-Xv A-Xn-s\ h-[n-p-I.
A-Xv `--W-n- ho-gp-I-bpw A-Xv ho-W m\w \n---v a-\-n-em-hp-I-bpw sN-bv-Xm- \n- A-Xn-s\ F-Sp-p-am-p-I. A-Xn-s\ In-n-bns-n- B `--Ww D-t]-n-p-I. H-cp a-en-\h-kv-Xp `--W-n-tem ]m-\o-b-n-tem I-m A-Xv H-gp-n--f-bm- \-_n I--]n-p-h-tm.
C-sXm-pw h-lv-bv A-\p-k-cn-p- \-_n-bp-sS \n-tZ-i--f-. a-dn-v, A-t-l-n-s A-\p-`-h-hpw
]-cn-N-b-hpw C-Pv-Xn-lm-Zpw A-\p-k-cn-p- \-S-]Sn-I-fm-Wv.
tcm-Km-Wp--fpw am-en-\y--fp-am-bn h-cp- Cu C-cp- `--W-n-epw ]m-\o-b-n-epw Cu-sb A-Xn- ap-n \mw-I-gn--W-sa-v ]-d-bp-Xv H-cn--epw _p-n-v \n-c-p--X- \n--_n-Xm-h--bn- H-gn-sI. Cu--bp-sS Im-ep-I-
h-ln-p-sIm-p-h-cp--Xn-s\--n-b- l-Zo-kn- ]d-bp--Xv. a-dn-v, A-Xn-s H-cp Nn-d-In- tcm-Khpw a-t Nn-d-In- A-Xn-s a-dpa-cp-p-ap-s-mWv F-v Nn-e- hm-Zn-p-p. Nn-d-In- ]-co-Ww \-S-n A-Xv sX-fn-bn-m-hp--Xm-Wv. F-m C-hn-sS Cu--sb `--W-n-tem, ]m-\o-bn-tem ap-p-tm- A-Xn-s Im-ep-I- h-lnp-sIm-p-h-cp- am-en-\y--fpw tcm-Km-Wp--fpw
`--W-n- I-e-cp--Xm-Wv {]-iv-\w. C-Xv tZmP\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012

j-I-c-am-sW-v-tem-I-n-s ap-gp-h- `m-K--fnepw \-S-p- ]-co--W-- sX-fn-bn-n-p-v.

A-Xp-sIm-v Cu im-kv-{Xo-b k-Xy--fp-sS ASn-m-\-n- h-lv-b-\p-k-cn-m-Wv d-kq-(-kz)
C--s\ I-ev-]n--sX-v ]-d-bm-tam? A--s\-bmsW-n- \mw A-Xv kzo-I-cn-t--Xp-v. A-Xns kw-c--W-n-\p-th-n Po-h-Xym-Kw h-lnt--Xp-v. F-m- Cu l-Zo-kv A--s
Nn-e ]-cn-X-n-Xn-I---\p-k-cn-m-bn-cn--Ww. Atm- A-Xv Zo-\n-bm-b H-cp \n-b-a-n-s l-Zokv A-.
C-\n {]-`m-X-n- G-gv Im-c- Xn-m- AXv hn-j-s-bpw kn-lv-dn-s\-bpw X-Sp-p-sa- lZo-kv. C-Xv B Im-e-L--n- A-d-_n-I--n-Sbn- {]-N-cn-n-cp- Nn--bp-sS-bpw A-\p-`-h-]-cnN-b-n-s-bpw A-Sn-m-\-n-ep- ssh-Zy-hpam-bn _--s- l-Zo-km-Wv. B-[p-\n-I ]-nX-m-cn- A-[n-I-t]-cpw i-d-Cu hn-[n-bp-am-bn _-s- l-Zo-kp-I-fp-sS ]-hn-{X-X ssh-Zy-hp-ambn _--s--h-bv-v \--Ip-n-. Im-c-Ww, sshZy-hp-am-bn _--s--h A-d-_n-I-fp-sS A-\p-`-h
]-cn-N-b-n-s A-Sn-m-\-n-em-Wv. h-lv-bv A\p-k-cn--. A-tXm-sSm-w A-Xv A-]-{K-Y-\-n\pw im-kv-{Xo-b ]-co--W-n-\pw hn-t[-b-am-Wv.
im-kv-{Xo-b ]-co--W-n- hn-j-_m-[-sb {]-Xntcm-[n-m- A-Xn-\v ti-jn-bp-s-v I-m- AXv Aw-Ko-I-cn-mw. ]-co--W-n- sX-fn-nn-s-n- B l-Zo-kn-s\ B-i-b-]-c-am-bn X-p-Xv kzo-Im-cy-am-bn-cn-pw. hn-ti-jn-pw C-Xv sshZy-hp-am-bn _--s--Xm-Wv. ssh-Zy-tam Ir-jn-tbm
]-Tn-n-m- d-kq-en-s\ h-lv-bv C-d-n-bn-n-.
d-kq-(-kz) Cu hn-j-b-n- ]-d--Xv BIm-e-L--n- \n-e-hn-ep- Nn--bv-pw A-\p-`h-n-\pw A-\p-k-cn-m-bn-cn-pw. h-lv-bv {]-Im-ca-. h-lv-bm-sW-n- Aw-Ko-I-cn-- \n--_v-[am-Wv. C--s\-bm-Wv l-Zo-kv ]-n-X-m-cp-sS
hym-Jym-\w. _p-Jm-cn-bpw ap-kv-en-apw dn-tm--v sNbv-X Cu l-Zo-kn-s\ sX-m-bn h-lv-bn-te-v tN-p--Xn-t\-m- C--s\ hym-Jym-\n-p--XmWv \--Xv. F-m- C--s\ l-Zo-kv hym-Jym-\np--Xv bp-n Nn--bp-sS A-Sn-m-n-em-Icp-Xv. a-dn-v h-kv-Xp-X-bp-sS-bpw ]-co--W-n-sbpw A-Sn-m-\-n-em-bn-cn--Ww.
l-Zo-kn-s a-Xv-\v kw-_-n-v \mw Cu kqv-a-X kzo-I-cn-p-tm- \mw ap-v B-cpw sNm- H-cp kw-K-Xn-b- sN-p--Xv. kz-lm-_nI- X-s A-h- dn-tm--v sN-bv-X, Nn-e l-Zokp-I-sf C--cw H-cp hn-a--i-\-n-\v hn-t[-b-amn-bn-p-v. _p-Jm-cn-bp-sS Im-e-L--n-ep- {]K- ]-Wv-[n-X-m-cpw C--s\ _p-Jm-cn-sb hn-a-i-\-n-\v hn-t[-b-am-n-bn-p-v.
A-tm- _p-Jm-cn-bn-se H-cp l-Zo-kv C-s\ X-p--Xv H-cn--epw _p-Jm-cn-tm A-tAu-loZv

! 47 !

lw dn-tm--v sN-bv-X l-Zo-kp-I--tm H-cp t]md-epw G-ev-]n-p-I-bn-. Im-c-Ww _p-Jm-cn-X-sbpw A-t-l-n-s l-Zo-kp-I-sf ]p-\:-]-cn-tim[-\-pw A-cn-v s]-dp--en-\pw hn-t[-b-am-n-bncp-p. a-p--h-cpw A--s\ sN-bv-Xn-p-v. a-cWw-h-sc-bpw Cu {]-{In-b Xp-S--n-p-v. am-{X-a, X-s l-Zo-kp-I- ]-cn-tim-[n-m- a-p--htcm-Sv B-h-iy-s-Sp-I-bpw sN-bv-Xn-p-v.
_p-Jm-cn-bn-tem ap-kv -en-an-tem a-p l-Zo-kv {K--fn-tem hn-iz-kv-X-cm-b dm-hn-am- dn-tm--v
sN-bv-X-Xpw k-\-Zv Ip--a--Xp-am-b H-cp l-Zo-kv Xp--Xn- b-Ym--Y-n- \-ap-v `-b-ap-v. \mw
t\-c-s hn-h-cn- {]-Im-c-ap- im-kv-{Xo-b ]-cntim-[-\-v hn-t[-b-am--s-Sp--h h-f-sc A-]q-h-am-Wv. Cu \n-e-]m-Sv \-p-sS a-\-n-\v k-am[m\w \--Ip-p. hn-ti-jn-pw Ch a-X-\n-b-a-hp-ambn _--s--h-b- F- \n-e-bv-v. a-dn-v, `uXn-I Po-hn-X-hp-am-bn _--s--Xm-Wv. "\n--fpsS Zp--bm-hn-s Im-cyw Iq-Sp-X- A-dn-bp-I \n--m-Wv' F-m-W-tm Xn-cp-ta-\n ]-d-n-p-Xv. ""\n--fp-sS a-X-hp-am-bn _--s- Im-cyw
F-n-te-m-Wv'' F-pw A-t-lw ]-d-p.
A--s A-\p-`-h-]-cn-N-b-n-s A-Sn-m\-n- Cu---\-v ]-cm-K-Ww \-S-p- hnj-b-n-ep- \-_n-bp-sS l-Zo-kv C-Xn-\v D-Zm-lc-Ww. A-tm- ssh-Zyw kw-_-n- l-Zo-kpw
Cu K-W-n- s]-Sp-n-bm- a-Xn. _p-Jm-cn-bpsS dn-tm--v k-\-Zn-s \n-e-v kz-lo-lm-Wv. Fm- d-kq- ]-d--Xv H-cp `u-Xn-I Im-cy-nep- A-t-l-n-s \n-co--W-am-Wv. d-kq-
h--Xv \-ap-v ssh-Zy-hpw Ir-jn-bpw c-k-X-{hp-sam-pw ]-Tn-n-m-\--tm.
(tUm. A-_Z-v p-a
- p-C
- w \-an- ap- A-A
- k
- l
-v ssh-s
- d-IS-v d
- pw Cu-Pn-]j
-v y- a-{nbpamWv)
samgn-amw: ]n Fw sI
tUm. A_vZp apCw \an-dns Cu
teJ-\-n ]cm-ain Cu hln-p
tcmKm-Wp--fp-ambn _-s ]cm-ai-fpsS imkv{Xo-b-amb am\-sf kw_-n
{it-b-amb Hcp ]T\w Au-loZv
2010 Unkw-_-2011 P\p-hcn e-n
"Cu-bpsS Nnd-In-en-cn-p-Xv' F Xehm-N-I-n {]kn-o-I-cn-n-p-v. Cnjb-I-amb lZo-kns\ \ncq-]W hnt[-b-am-ptm B teJ-\-n ]cm-ain ImcyIqSn ]cn- K - W n- - s - t S- - X p- v . A
u- l oZv Hcp ]T- \ - - K - t h- j W amknI
F \nebvv `n--fmb ho-W-
{]kn-o-I-cn-m-dp-v. Fm Ah A
ulo-Zns HutZym-KnI ho-W--fm
bn ]cn-K-Wn-t--Xn-.
]{Xm-[n-]
P\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012

teJ\w

C_v\p A_vZnmlv

ae-bm-f
- nse
lZokv {K-
CkvemanI hnm\ {]Nm-c-W-cw-Kv Gsd aptm-p-t]mb ae-bmf
`mj-bn hnip Izp-B-\ns Hcp Uk-\n-tesd hnh-\-
{]kn-o-Ir-X-am-bn-p-v. lZokv hnm-\o-b- ssIc-fnv kw`mh\ sNm \S-nb ]qhn-Ihpw B[p-\n-I-hp-amb kwcw-`-sf
hne-bn-cp-p-I-bmWv Cu teJ-\-n

"C-

kvemw a-X X-Xz-{]-Zo-]w',

"A--l-Zo-kv' F-n-h-bm-Wv B-Zyn- ]p-d-n-d-n-b l-Zo-kv {K--. h-w au-e-hn-bp-sS Zo-]nI-bn- G-Xm-\pw e---fn-em-bn
Xp-S-- l-Zo-kv ]w-n Im-Wmw.
h-w sau-e-hn X-s-bm-Wv ]n apl--Zv ssa-Xo-s 'C-mw a-X XXz-{]-Zo-]w' ]p-d-n-d-n-b-Xpw. CS-h-bn-se kn Fw {]-n-em-Wv A-Sn--Xv. km-aq-ln-I -{]m-[m-\y-ap-
l-Zo-kp-I-fp-sS k-am-lm-c-am-Wo-{Kw. H-cp cq-]-bm-bn-cp-p A-v Cu
{K--n-s hn-e. sI ap-l--Zmen-bm-Wv A- l-Zo-kn-s c-N-bnXm-hv. hn-j-b-{I-a-n- t{Im-Uo-Icn- Cu {K-w 1951em-Wv ]p-d-nAu-loZv

! 48 !

d-n-b-Xv.
l-Zo-kv hn-m-\o-b--sf kw-_-n-p-
Cu {K--n-s B-ap-Jw G-sd hn-m-\-{]-Zam-Wv. 'l-Zo-kv a-l-' F--t]-cn-ep- Cw-o-jv
{K--n-s hn-h---\-am-Wv 'A--l-Zo-kv'. s]cp-m-hq-cn-se a-Po-Zv a-c-m-cm-Wv {]-km-[-I-. Fw
A-lva-Zv au-e-hn ]-cn-`m-j-s-Sp-n-b ']-cn-ip-\-_n-h-N-\--;]-cn-`m-j-bpw hym-Jym-\-hpw' F e-Lp-Ir-Xn-bm-Wv a-sm-v. 333 l-Zo-kp-I-fpsS ]-cn-`m-j-bpw hym-Jym-\-hpw D--sm-p-
Cu {K-w 1962em-Wv ]p-d-nd-n-b-Xv.184 X-es-p-I-fn-em-bn hn-j-b-t{Im-Uo-I-c-Ww \-S-nbn-cn-p-p. "an-iv-Im-Xp- a-kzm-_o-ln'\v ssa-emq- sju-I-Xv sau-e-hn X-m-dm-n-b ]-cn-`m-jbn- 800 l-Zo-kp-I- hn-i-Zo-I-c-W-tm-sS D-s-Sp-n-bn-p-v. C-Xp an-iv-Im-n-s ]-Ip-Xn `mKw am-{X-ta D-q-sh-n-epw \- `m-j-bn-ep- hnP\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012

h---\-am-Wp. I-S--a- sI A-e-hn au-e-hn

kz-lo-lv ap-kven-an-\v X-m-dm-n-b ]-cn-`m-j-bmWv a-sm-v.
aq-p thm-ey--fn-em-bn ]p-d-n-d-n-b Cu
l-Zo-kv {K-w G-sd kzo-I-cn--s-p. {]-ap-J
]-n-X- kn F- A-lva-Zv au-e-hn X-m-dm-nb kz-lo-lp- _p-Jm-cn ]-cn-`m-j-bpw hn-h--\-hpw Cu ta-J-e-bn- Iq-Sp-X- {i-n--s- cN-\-bm-Wv. \-_n-N-cn-{X-hpw l-Zo-kv hn-m-\-fpw D--sm-p- Cu {K--n-s B-ap-Jw
C-cp-q-tdm-fw t]-Pp-I-fp-v. G-sd hn-m-\-{]Z-am-sW-n-epw Nn-e hn-hm-Z-]-cm-a--i-- Im-c-Ww
G-sd hn-a--in--s--Xp-am-Wv Cu B-ap-Jw. _pJm-cn-bpw ap-kven-apw dn-tm--v sN-bv-X l-Zo-kpI- {]-tXy-Iw k-am-l-cn-v _-bm-\n-m _p-Iv-m ]p-d-n-d-n-b 'A- ep D ep D h- a--Pm-'
{i-t-b-am-Wv.
{]-kn- l-Zo-kv {K-w 'cn-bm-Zp-zm-en-lo-\v'
A-p hn-h---\-- a-e-bm-f-n-ep-m-bn.'_peq-Kp- a-dm-an-\v' sN-dn-b-ap-w A-p--l-ao-Zv aZ-\n X-bm-dm-n-b hn-h---\w 1972 {]-kn-oI-cn-p.kn ap-l--Zv k-eow kp--an a-sm-cp ]-cn`m-j-bpw X-m-dm-n-bn-p-v. l-Zo-kv \n-tj-[ {]h-W-X-I--s-Xn-ep- i--am-b {]-Xn-tcm-[-ambn-cp-p ap-l--Zv A-am-\n au-e-hn hn-h---\w
sN-bv-X tUm. ap-kv-X-^-n-_m-Cu-bp-sS "A-p-Xp h a-Im-\-Xp-lm ^n--ivcoC- C-kvem-an'
l-Zo-kpw C-kvem-an-I i-coA-Xn- A-Xn-s m\-hpw-].1973 \-hw_-dn-em-Wv tI-c-fm \-Zvh-Xp-
ap-Pm-ln-Zo- C-Xv ]p-d-n-d-n-b-Xv.376 t]-Pp-Ifp-s-n-epw Iq-Sp-X- t]-cn-te-s-n-m-\m-bn
]-p-cq-] am-{X-am-bn-cp-p Cu hn-h---\-n-\v
hn-e-bn-n-cp--Xv.
F A-p--emw kp--an,ssi-Jv ap-l--Zv Imc-p-v,A-p- Jm-Zn- aq---\m-Sv F-n-h- A_q lp-dbv-dsb kw-_-n-s-gp-Xn-b ]p-kv-X-I-fpw l-Zo-kv \n-tj-[ {]-h-W-X-I--p- a-dp]-Sn-bm-bn-cp-p. kp-n ]-n-X- s\-n-p-v
C-kv-am-Cu- ap-kven-bm-cp-sS 'an- B-Xp- an-ivIm-Xv', k-a-kv-X tI-c-f PwC--Xp- D-e-am {]-knU-m-bn-cp- hm-f-p-fw A-_vZp--_m-cn ap-kvenbm- c-Nn- 'kzn-lm-lp-ss-ssJ-\n' F-n-h bmYm-n-Xn-I ]--p-\n-p- {]-ap-J l-Zo-kv
{K---fm-Wv. 2600e-[n-Iw l-Zo-kp-I- ti-J-cn {K--am-Wv 'kzn-lm-lp-ssi-ssJ-\n'. "Jm-Zn-apz-lo-ssl-\n' F- a-sm-cp {K--hpw "lm-inb-Xp kzn-lm-ln ssi-ssJ-\n' F- hn-i-Zo-I-cW-hpw A-p--_m-cn ap-n-bm- c-Nn-n-p-v.
s\-n-p-v C-kv-am-bo- ap-n-bm-cp-sS {K-w
8 thm-ey--fp-v. B-dm-bn-c-n-e-[n-Iw t]-Pp-Ifp- A-d-_n-{K--am-Wn-Xv. Hm-tcm l-Zo-kn-s\
kw-_-n-p-ap- N--bpw hn-i-I-e-\-hpw IqsS Nn-{X--fpw `q-]-S--fpw kq-Nn-I-bp-sa-mw DAu-loZv

! 49 !

-s-Sp-n-b s\-n-p-v ap-kven-bm-cp-sS {K-w

]-c--cm-K-X hn-`m-K---n-S-bn- G-sd kzo-Imcy-X e-`n- c-N-\-bm-Wv.
F A-p--emw kp--an l-Zo-kv hn-m-\
cw-K-v hn-e-s- tk-h-\-- \n--h-ln- ]-nX-\m-Wv. l-Zo-kv kw-_--am-bn ]-n-e-[n-Iw {K-- A-tl-n-t-Xm-bp-v. l-Zo-kv \n-tj[ {]-h-W-X-I- i-n-s- Im-e-v A-Xn-t\m-Sv
G--hpw i--am-bn F-Xn-cn--Xpw A-_vZp--emw
kp--an X-s-bm-bn-cp-p. tI-c-f PwC--Xp- De-a {]-kn-U-m-bn-cp- Fw ssi-Jv ap-l--Zv aue-hn-bpw sI sI Fw P-am-ep-o- au-e-hn-bpw lZo-kv hn-m-\o-b--fn- a-lm-]-n-m-cm-bn-cps-n-epw c-N-\m-cw-K-v G-sd {i--sN-ep-mXn-cp--Xn-\m- A-h-cp-sS A-dn-hp-I- ]n-X-e-apd-bv-v e-`y-am-Im-sX-t]m-bn.
ap-m-Wn-ti-cn Fw tIm-b-p-n au-e-hn, kn
]n D-a- kp--an,F A-p-l-ao-Zv a-Zo-\n, C F A-p-m au-e-hn, tUm.P-am-ep-n- ^m-dq-Jn,
Fw hn ap-l--Zv km-enw au-e-hn, Fw Fw \-Zvhn,
kn F k-Cu-Zv ^m-dq-Jn, Sn sI D-ss_-Zv,F-
hn ap-l--Zv k-I-cn- Xp-S-n-b-h- l-Zo-kv hnm-\ cw-K-v hn-e-s- tk-h-\-- \--In-ba-e-bm-fo ]-n-X-m-cm-Wv. C-kvem-an-Iv ]-n-jnwKv lu-kv \n-c-h-[n l-Zo-kv hn-i-I-e-\ {K-- {]-kn-o-I-cn-n-p-v. hn-Jym-X l-Zo-kv {K--fp-sS hn-h---\--fm-Wv G-sd-bpw.
bp-h-X _p-Iv lu-kv 2006 ap-X- {]-kn-o-Icn-p h-cp- hn-j-bm-[n-jv-Tn-X l-Zo-kv k-am-lmchpw hym-Jym-\-hpw Cu-bn-\-n- G-sd {i-t-bam-b kw-cw-`-am-Wv. hn-izm-kw, \-a-kv-Im-cw F-nh tI-{ hn-j-b--fm-bp- hm-ey-- C-Xn-\Iw ]p-d-n-d-n. G-sd kzo-Im-cy-X e-`n- Cu
k-am-lm-c-- tI-c-f-n-se l-Zo-kv tk-h-\--v ap-X--q-m-Wv.
#

P\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012

]T\w

Aapkvenw BtLm-j
- f- nse
apkvenw kao-]\w
ap-kv-enw B-tLm-j--fn- A-ap-kv-enw I- B-iw-k-b--n-pw-t]m-se Ah-cp-sS B-tLm-j--fn- ap-kv -enw-I--pw B-iw-k-b--n-mw. Im-c-Ww
\--bv-v \--sIm-v ]-I-cw sN-m-\m-Wv \mw I-ev-]n--s-n-cn-p--Xv. H-cp
A-`n-hm-Zy-n-\v A-Xn-t\-m- D--a-am-b-Xp-sIm-v, Np-cp-n-b-Xv Xp-ey-amb-Xp-sIm-s-n-epw {]-Xy-`n-hm-Zyw sN-m-\pw(4:86). H-cp ap-kv-enw H-cn--epw
k--kz-`m-h-n- a-p--h-tc-m- Ip-d- Aw-i-ap--h-\m-I-cp-Xv.

A-ap-kv-enw-I-tfm-Sp- ap-kv-enwI-fp-sS k-ao-]-\-n-s hn-j-b-n, hn-ti-jn-pw A-h-cp-sS B-tLmj--fp-sS Im-cy-n- A-h- kzoI-cn-t- \n-e-]m-sS-v?
Cu hn-j-b-n- bq-tdm-]y-
^-Xv-hm--K-th-j-W Iu--kn- C{]-Im-cw {]-kv-Xm-hn-p-p: C-Xv hf-sc {]-[m-\-s--Xpw kw-th-Z-\-a-hp-am-b hn-j-b-am-Wv. hn-ti-jn-pw
]m-m-Xy cm-Py--fn- Xm-a-kn-p ap- k v - e nw- I - s f kw- _ - n- t - S tm-fw. C--cw \m-Sp-I-fn- Ab--hm-kn-I-fm-bpw k-l-tPm-en-mcm-bpw k-l-]m-Tn-I-fm-bpw A-ap-kvenw-I-fp-am-bn _--s-v Po-hn-p ap-kv-enw k-tlm-Z-co k-tlm-Z-cm-cn- \n-v [m-cm-fw tNm-Zy--
D-b--p-h-cm-dp-v. H-cp ap-kv-enw hnZym--Yn-v B-m--Y-am-bn k-lmbw \--Ip- A-ap-kv-enw ssK-Uv,
Au-loZv

! 50 !

ap-kv-enw tcm-Kn-sb B-m-Y-am-bn Nn-In-n-p A-ap-kv-enw tUm-Iv-S- F-n--s\ ]-e k--`--fn-epw A-ap-kv-enw-I- sN-p- k-lm-b-sf--n ap-kv-enw-I- t_m-[-hm-m-cp-am-Wv. D-]-Imcw sN-bv-X-h-t\m-Sv hn-t[-b-Xz-ap-m-hp-I a-\p-jyk-l-P-am-W-tm.
ap-kv-enw-I-tfm-Sv bp-w \-S-p-I-tbm, \m-n \n-v A-h-sc ]p-d-m-p-I-tbm ]p-d-mm- k-lm-bn-p-I-tbm A-h-tcm-Sv i-{Xp-X ImWn-p-I-tbm sN-m-sX A-h-cp-am-bn k-l-h--nXz-n- I-gn-bp- Cu A-ap-kv-enw-I-tfm-Sv ap-kvenw-I- kzo-I-cn-t- \n-e-]m-sS-v? A-ap-kv-enwI-fp-am-bp- _--n-s hn-j-b-n- kq-d A-apw-X-ln-\-bn-ep- c-v hm-Iy-- H-cp `-c-WL-S-\m \n-b-a-am-Wv B-hn-jv-I-cn-n-p--Xv.
""a-X-Im-cy-n- \n--tfm-Sv bp-w sN-m-Xncn-p-I-bpw \n--fp-sS ho-Sp-I-fn- \n-v \n-sf ]p-d-m-m-Xn-cn-p-I-bpw sN-p--h-sc kw_-n-t-S-tm-fw \n-- A-h--v \- sNp--Xpw \n-- A-h-tcm-Sv \o-Xn Im-Wn-p-Xpw A-m-lp \n--tfm-Sv \n-tcm-[n-p-n-. Xo-P\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012

-bm-bpw A-m-lp \o-Xn ]m-en-p--h-sc C-jv-Ss-Sp-p. a-X-Im-cy-n- \n--tfm-Sv bp-w sNp-I-bpw \n--fp-sS ho-Sp-I-fn- \n-v \n--sf
]p-d-m-p--Xn- ]-c-kv-]-cw k-l-I-cn-p-I-bpw
sN-bv-X-h-sc kw-_-n-v am-{X-am-Wv--A-h-tcm-Sv
ssa-{Xn Im-Wn-pXv A-m-lp \n-tcm-[n-p-Xv. h--h-cpw A-h-tcm-Sv ssa-{Xo-_-w-]p-e--p-]-w A-h- X-s-bm-Ip-p A-{I-a-Im-cn-I-
(60:8,9)
Cu c-v Izp--B- hm-Iy--fpw ap-kv-enw-Itfm-Sv k-am-[m-\-n- I-gn-bp--h-, i-{Xp-X-bn I-gn-bp--h- F-n--s\ A-ap-kv -enw-I-sf cm-bn hn-`-Pn-p-p-v. H-m-a-s hn-`m-K-tmSv \o-Xn ]p-e--m-\pw A-h--v \--I- sN-bvXp-sIm-Sp-m-\pw Izp--B- I-ev-]n-p-p. A-hIm-i-s--Xv hm--em-Wv \o-Xn. A-Xm-b-Xv H-cp
hy-n-v A-h-Im-i-s--sX-mw H-cp Ip-d-hpw hcp-m-sX \--Ip-I. \- sN-bv-Xp-sIm-Sp-- \n\-v A-h-Im-i-s- Nn-e-Xv ]-cn-Xy-Pn--ep-am-Wv.
F-m- ssa-{Xo-_-w ]p-e--p--Xn-s\ \ntcm-[n-p- c-m-a-s hn-`m-Kw A-ap-kv-enw-I ap-kv-enw-I-tfm-Sv i-{Xp-X Im-Wn-p-I-bpw A-htcm-Sv bp-w \-S-p-I-bpw bm-sXm-cp \ym-b-hp-anm-sX A-h-sc \m-n- \n-v ]p-d-m-p-I-bpw
sN-p--h-cm-Wv Izp-ssd-in-I-fpw a-m-ap-iv-cn-pI-fpw \-_n-tbm-Spw kz-lm-_-n-t\m-Spw sN-bvX-Xp-t]m-se. ap-kv-enw-I-fp-am-bn k-am-[m-\-n-
I-gn-bp--h-tcm-Sp- s]-cp-am--n-\v _n--dv F-
]-Z-am-Wv Izp--B- sX-c-s-Sp-n-p--Xv. amXm-]n-Xm--tfm-Sv a-- kzo-I-cn-t- s]-cp-am-n-\pw "_n--dv' F- ]-Zw X-s-bm-Wv D-]-tbmKn-n-p--Xv. A-m-lp-hn-t\m-Sp- I-S-a I-gn-m ]n-s c-m-a-s I-S-a-bm-bn am-Xm-]n-Xm--v _n--dv sN-m-\m-Wv Izp--B- I-ev-]n-p-Xv .
_p-Jm-cn-bpw ap-kv-en-apw hn-h-cn-p- H-cp kw`-h-ap-v: A-_q-_-Iv-dn-(d)s a-I- A-kv-am \_n-bp-sS A-Sp-p-h-v C--s\ ]-d-p: Xn-cpta-\o, F-s D- h-n-p-v. A-h- ap-iv-cn-I-v
B-Wv. Rm- A-h-cp-am-bn _-w ]p-e--m-\pw
A-h--v ]m-cn-tXm-jn-Iw \--Im-\pw A-h- B{K-ln-p-p. Rm- A-h-cp-am-bn _-w ]p-e-t-W-tam? \_n(-kz) ]-d-p. _-w ]p-e-p-I. H-cp ap-iv-cn-Iv B-b kv-{Xo-tbm-Sv C--s\
s]-cp-am-dm-\m-Wv \-_n I--]n--sX-n- _-lpssZ-hm-cm-[-I-cm-b Cu ap-iv-cn-Ip-I-tf-m- IqSp-X- \- s]-cp-am--n---l-cm-W-tm th-Z-m. Izp--B- A-lv-ep--In-Xm-_n-s `--Ww Ign-p--Xpw A-h- A-dp--Xv Xn-p--Xpw A-hcp-sS kv-{Xo-I-sf hn-hm-lw I-gn-p--Xpw A-\ph-Z-\o-b-am-n-bn-cn-p-p. ""\- h-kv-Xp--sf-mw
\n---v A-\p-h-Zn--s-n-cn-p-p. th-Zw \-I-s--h-cp-sS `--Ww \n---v A-\p-h-Z-\o-bAu-loZv

! 51 !

A-Xn-\m- ap-kv-enw hy-n-Itfm, C-kz-v-emanIv sk--dp-I-tfm

A-ap-kv-enw-I-fp-sS B-tLm-j-thf-I-fn- t\-cn-tm A-s-n-
B-iw-km-I--Up-I- ap-J-\-tbm
B-iw-k-I- A--n-p--Xn-
sX-n-. F-m- Cu B-iw-kI-fn- C-kv-em-an-I X-Xz--s-Xn-cm-b Nn-lv-\--tfm hm-NI--tfm ]m-Sn-.
am-Wv. \n--fp-sS `--Ww A-h--pw A-\p-h-Z\o-b-am-Wv. k-Xy-hn-izm-kn-\n-I-fm-b ]-Xn-{h-X-Ifm-b kv-{Xo-I-fpw \n---v ap-]v th-Zw \--Is--h-cn- \n-p- ]-Xn-{h-X-I-fm-b kv-{Xo-I-fpw-\n-- A-h--v hn-hm-l-aq-eyw \--In-bn-p-sn---\n---v A-\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-Wv (5:5)
Cu hn-hm-l-n-s A-\n-hm-cy-am-b ^-e-amWv Z--Xn-am--n-S-bn- kv-t\-l-ap-m-hp-I F-Xv. A-Xm-Wv A-m-lp Cu hm-Iy-n-eq-sS hy-am-p--Xv. ""\n-- k-am-[m-\-]q--hw H-ptN-cp--Xn-\m-bn \n--fn- \n-p-X-s \n--v C-W-I-sf kr-jv-Sn-p-I-bpw \n---n-S-bn kv-t\-l-hpw Im-cp-Wy-hpw D-m-p-I-bpw sNbv - X - X v A- h - s Zr- j v - S m- - - f n- s]- - X - s {X'
(31:21). H-cp a-\p-jy- F--s\-bm-Wv A-h-s Pohn-X ]-m-fn-sb-bpw Kr-l-\m-Y-s\-bpw C-W-bpw
Ip-n-I-fp-sS D--sb-bpw kv-t\-ln-m-Xn-cn-p-I.
Z--Xn-am- X-n-ep- Cu _--s Izp--B-
C--s\ hn-ti-jn-n-p-p. ""A-h- \n---v hkv-{Xw. \n-- A-h--pw h-kv-{Xw'' (2:187). Cu
hn-hm-l-n-s A-\n-hm-cy-^-e-am-Wv c-v Ip-Spw_-- X-n- hn-hm-l-_--n-eq-sS-bp- _w. C-Xv a-\p-jy- X-n-ep- {]-Ir-Xn-]-c-am-b
A-Sn-m-\ _---fn- H-m-sW-v Izp--B hy--am-p-p: ""A-h-\m-Wv sh--n--\nv a-\p-jy-s\ kr-jv-Sn-p-I-bpw A-h-s\ c-_--ap--h-\pw hn-hm-l-_--ap--h-\pw B-pI-bpw sN-bv-X-Xv'' (25:54) C-Xn-s A-\n-hm-cy-^e-am-Wv am-Xr-Xz-hpw Ip-n-I--v am-Xm-hn-t\m-Sp I-S-a-I-fpw. A-tm- am-Xm-hn-s H-cp B-tLmj-\m-fn- A-h--v B-iw-k-I- A--n-m-Xn-cnm- a---v I-gn-bp-tam? am-Xm-hn-s A--,
h-en-b--, k-tlm-Z-c-, k-tlm-Z-cn, A-h-cp-sS
a----C-h- F-m-h-tcm-Spw Ip-Spw-_-w ]p-e-t- _m-[y-X-bp-m-In-t? A-m-lp ]-d-bpp: c--_--ap--h-cm-Wv A-m-lp-hn-s \n-ba-n- Iq-Sp-X- _--s--h-'' (8:75)
P\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012

A-\y-a-X--cm-b _-p--tfm-Spw Ip-Spw-_-tfm-Sp-sa-mw C--s\ \- \n-e-v s]-cp-am-dm I-ev-]n-p- C-kv-emw A-h-cn-se _-p--fm- a-p--h-tcm-Spw C--s\ s]-cp-am-dm-\m-Wv
I-ev-]n-p--Xv. A-h-tcm-Sv _-e-{]-tbm-K-n-stbm ]m-cp-jy-n-s-tbm s]-cp-am-w ]m-Sn-. dkq- A-_q-Z--dn-t\m-Sv ]-d-p: ""P-\--tfm-Sv Xm- k--kz-`m-h-tm-sS s]-cp-am-dp-I''. C-hn-sS
P-\--tfm-Sv F-m-Wv ]-d--Xv, ap-kv -enw-I-tfmSv F--. b-lq-Z- \-_n-bp-sS A-Sp-p-h-p \mhp h-f-v "A-m-ap A-sse-I bm-ap-l--Zv" F-v
A-`n-hm-Zyw sN-pw. "kmw" F-m- \m-iw, a-cWw F-sm-s-bm-Wv A--Yw. C-Xv tI--tm-
B-C-i(d) ]-d-p. "A-m-lp-hn-s i-{Xp--tf,
\n- - - m- W v \m- i - h pw im- ] - h pw". D- S - s \ \_n(kz) A--s\ ]-d--Xn-\v B-C-i-sb Bt-]n-p. A-tm- B-C-i C--s\ {]-Xn-I-cnp. "A-m-lp-hn-s Xn-cp-Zq-X-tc, A-h- ]-d-Xv A-v tI-n-t?" \-_n: "tI-p. Rm- ]-d-p.
\n---pw (A-Xm-b-Xv \m-iw \n---p-m-hs). B-C-im, G-Xv Im-cy-n-epw a-b-ap--k-ao]-\-am-Wv A-m-lp C-jv S-s-Sp-I"
A-Xn-\m- ap-kv -enw B-tLm-j--fn- A-apkvv-enw I- B-iw-k-b--n-pw-t]m-se A-h-cp-sS
B-tLm-j--fn- ap-kv -enw-I--pw B-iw-k-b-n-mw. Im-c-Ww \--bv-v \--sIm-v ]-I-cw
sN-m-\m-Wv \mw I-ev-]n--s-n-cn-p--Xv. H-cp
A-`n-hm-Zy-n-\v A-Xn-t\-m- D--a-am-b-Xp-sImv, Np-cp-n-b-Xv Xp-ey-am-b-Xp-sIm-s-n-epw {]Xy-`n-hm-Zyw sN-m-\pw (4:86). H-cp ap-kv -enw H-cn-epw k--kz-`m-h-n- a-p--h-tc-m- Ip-d Aw-i-ap--h-\m-I-cp-Xv. a-dn-v, A-h-tc-m-
Iq-Sp-X- Xn-I- Aw-i-ap--h-\m-bn-cn--Ww. Xncp-ta-\n ]-d-bp-p: "hn-izm-kn-I-fn- Cu-am- G-hpw Iq-Sp-X- Xn-I--h- G--hpw \- kz-`m-hap-f-f-h-cm-Wv". Rm- k--kz-`m-h-n-s ]q--oI-c-W-am-bm-Wv \n-tbm-Kn--s--Xv"
\mw A-ap-kv-enw-I-sf C-kv-em-an-te-p -Wnm-\w A-h-cp-am-bn A-Sp--ap-m-m-\pw D-t-inp-p-sh-n- Cu k-ao-]-\w Xo---bm-bpw thWw. ap-kv-enw-I-fp-sS t\-sc A-h--v kv-t\-l-apm-h-W-sa-v \mw B-{K-ln-p-p-sh-n- C-Xv
\n--_--am-Wv. A-h-cp-am-bn A-I---bp-m-nbm- C-Xv km-[y-am-hp-I-bn-. a-dn-v \- _-w
kr-jv-Sn--Ww. a- Po-hn-X-Im-e-a-{X-bpw ap-iv-cnp-I-fm-b Jp-ssd-in-I- \-_n-sb D-]-{Z-hn-p; At-l-n-s-bpw A-\p-bm-bn-I-fp-sS-bpw t\-sc \mbm-v \-S-n. C--s\-sbm-s-bm-sW-n-epw At-l-n-s k-Xy-k--X-bn-ep--hn-izm-kw Imc-W-am-bn A-h-cp-sS kz-p-- kq-n-m- At-l-s-bm-Wv G-ev-]n-n-cp--Xv. \-_n(kz) aZo-\-bn-te-v ln-Pv-d t]m-b-tm- A-en-(d)sb a-bn- \n--n Cu kz-p--sf-mw Xn-cn-pAu-loZv

! 52 !

sIm-Sp-m- A-t-l-s G-ev-]n-p-I-bm-Wv sNbv-X-Xv.

A-Xn-\m- ap-kv-enw hy-n-I-tfm, C-kz-v-emanIv
sk--dp-I-tfm A-ap-kv-enw-I-fp-sS B-tLm-j-thf-I-fn- t\-cn-tm A-s-n- B-iw-km-I--Up-I ap-J-\-tbm B-iw-k-I- A--n-p--Xn- sXn-. F-m- Cu B-iw-k-I-fn- C-kv-em-an-I
X-Xz---s-Xn-cm-b Nn-lv-\--tfm hm-N-I--tfm
]m-Sn-. {I-kv-Xym-\n-I--v B-iw-k-b--n-p-tm Ip-cp-in-s ]-cm-a--iw ]m-Sn-. Im-c-Ww Ip-cniv Nn- C-kv-emw \n-tj-[n-p-p. C--cw Biw-k-I--m-bn km-[m-c-W D-]-tbm-Kn-p- hmp-I-sfm-pw A-h-cp-sS a-X-s i-cn-sh-p-
B-i-bw D--sm-p-n-. Nn-e `w-Kn-hm-p-I-
am-{X-am-Wv. A-Xp-t]m-se B-tLm-j-th-f-I-fn-
A-h-cn- \n-v ]m-cn-tXm-jn-I-- kzo-I-cn-p-Xn-epw sXn-. CuPn-]vXnse ss{IkvX-h-\mb
apIzu-kn\v \_n(-kz) ]m-cn-tXm-jn-I-- A-bp-sIm-Sp-n-p--tm. F-m- Cu ]m-cn-tXmjn-I--fn- ap-kv-enw-I--v l-dmw B-b a-Zyw
]-n-amw-kw Xp-S-n-b-h ]m-Sn-.
F-m- C-hn-sS C-_v-\p ssX-an- A-t-ln-s in-jy- C-_v-\p- J-nw Xp-S-n-b Nne ^p-J-lm-- A-ap-kv-enw-I-fp-sS B-tLm-j-fp-sS-bpw A-h-bn- ]-s-Sp-p--Xn-s-bpw Imcy-n- i--am-b \n-e-]m-Sv kzo-I-cn--Xn-s\ \mw
a-d-p-n-. ap-kv-enw-I- A-ap-kv-enw-I-fp-sS BtLm-j-- sIm-m-Sp--Xn-s\ F-Xn--p- hnj-b-- \m-apw A-h-tcm-sSm-w X-s-bm-Wv. Nne ap-kv-enw-I- Cu-Zp- ^n-Xzv-dpw Cu-Zp- A-lvZm-bpw B-tLm-jn-pw-t]m-se-tbm A-Xn-t\-m Iq-Sp-X- {]m-[m-\y-tm-sS-tbm {In-kv-Xp-a-kpw
B-tLm-jn-m-dp-v. C-Xv ]m-Sn-. \-ap-v \-psS B-tLm-j--fp-v; A-h--v A-h-cp-tS-Xpw.
F-m- A-b--hm-kn-I-tfm A-Sp--ap--h-tcm kplr-p--tfm G-sX-n-epw X-c-n-ep- km-aqly-_--ap--h-tcm B-b A-ap-kv-enw-I--v Ah-cp-sS B-tLm-j-th-f-I-fn- B-iw-k-I- A-n-p--Xn- sX-n-. \m-p-\-S-v Aw-Ko-I-cn-p \- s]-cp-am--n-s-bpw sa--s- _--ns-bpw `m-K-am-Wn-Xv.
F-m- kzm-X-{y-Zn-\w, sF-Iy-Zn-\w, in-ipZn-\w, am-Xr-Zn-\w Xp-S-n-b tZ-io-b-hpw km-aq-lyhp-am-b B-tLm-j--fn- ap-kv-enw-I- B-iw-k
A--n-p--Xn- H-cp sX-p-an-. am-{X-a-, \m-nse H-cp ]u-c- F- \n-e-v C-h-bn-se-mw ]s-Sp-p-I-bpw th-Ww. ]-t, C--cw k---`-fn-ep-m-Ip- l-dm-am-b Im-cy--fn- \n-v
hn-v \n-ev--Ww.
(a Bm-\-ambn {]hn-p temI
apkvenw kwL-S-\-bmb dm_n-Xz-bpsS apJ-]{Xw
"A-B-e-ap Ckveman' (ew 2188) {]kn-oI-cn-Xv)
P\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012

IhnX

Akokv A-\
- ew

Hgpv
aI-t\,
CXv ]Sp-Im-ew.
Hp-Imcpw \mbm-p-kw-L-fpw
he-hn-cnp Np-nepw
]Xp-n-bn-cn-p-v.
apSn-bn IpSpn
tImSn-I Xm
hgn-hm-Wn` kwLw
Hcp-n--gn-p.
Pnn-t\mSpw
Ckn-t\mSpw {]mYnv
]pd-p-t]m-b-h
AI-m-sWp
hymtPm-n-I-fm
apJw an\p-p-p-v.
{kjvSm-hn\p ]Icw
ap{I-bn-Sp-smcp
Ej-`-P-s
krjvSnp \an--hsc
ad-p-t]mtbm? *
hmfp Xqn ]pWyw t\Sm
acw tNmZnp
\mWw sI-hsc
Hma-bnt? *
Cu Hgp-n
]nSn-h-n-bmbv
Hcp {Khpw
Hcp Pohn-Xhpw
apn-en-cns
apn-smpw
P\-X-Xn-bpsS
IY-sbp sNmm!

* aqkm \_n(-A)-bpsS P\X

* Zmp AhmXv F acw

Au-loZv

! 53 !

P\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012

imkv{Xw

Sn ]n Fw dm^n

`qan Fp-sImv
Poh s\n-te-pp?
ku-c-bq-Y-n, Po-h A-Xn-s ]q-Wm-Yn ]-cn-e-kn-p-\n-p
H-tc-sbm-cp hn-kv-a-b-{K-l-am-Wv `qan. kq-cy-Ip-Spw-_-n-se, a-\p-jy-s
A-t\zj-Ww sN-sn-b B-Im-i-Kw-K-bpsS sNdn-b ]-cn-[n-bn-se G-sXnepw tImWn Po-h-kv-^p-c-W-n-s F-s-nepw X-c-n-ep e--Wtfm kq-N-\-Itfm D--Xm-bn A-dn-hn.

ku-

c-bq-Y-n, Po-h AXn-s ]q-Wm-Yn ]-cn-e-knp-\n-p H-tc-sbm-cp hn-kv-a-b{K-l-am-Wv `qan. kq-cy-Ip-Spw-_-nse, a-\p-jy-s A-t\zj-Ww
sN- s n- b B- I m- i - K w- K - b psS
sNdn-b ]-cn-[n-bn-se G-sX-nepw
tImWn Po-h-kv-^p-c-W-n-s Fs-nepw X-c-n-ep e--Wtfm kq-N-\-Itfm D--Xm-bn Adn-hn.
{]mWs \n-e-\n-v Im-p-kqn-p- k-o-Whpw kq-v-aAu-loZv

! 54 !

hpam-b H-t-sd hy-h--Ifpw kw-hn-[m-\-fpw

Cu l-cn-X-{K-l-n-s am{Xw kz--amWv. `q-anbn-se G-sXm-cp _n-phpw Po-h-s\- almk-aky-sb s\-n-tem ]m-I-n-em-Wv kw-hn-[m\n--s-n-p--sX-v im-kv-{X-K-th-j-W--fp-sS
sh-fn-n \mw C--dn-bpp. `u-a-K-`-n\n-p XpS-n D-]-cn-X-e-nepw A--co--nep-samw kq-v-ahpw q-e-hpam-b P-p-k-kyssP-h-ssh-hn-[y-n-s a-lm-irw-J-e Zr-iy-amWv.

k-hn-ti-jam-b A--co-L-S\
`q-anbn Po-h \n-e-\n-p-Xn A--co-L-S-\-bp-sS kzm-[o-\w hf-sc h-ep-XmWv. {]mP\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012

W-hm-bp F--dn-b-s-Sp- Hm-Iv-kn-P hm-bp-a-en 21 i-X-am-\-am-Wp-Xv; ss\-{S-P-\mIs G-Xm-v 78 i-X-am-\-hpw. Im-_ U-tbmIv-sskUv, ssl-{UP, lo-en-bw-t]m-ep- a-p
hm-X-I--sfmw tN-v _m-n-bp- H-cp-i-Xam-\-hpw.
Hm- I v - k nP- s A- f - s h- m\pw 21 i- X - a m\n Iq-Sp-X-embm F-m-bn-cnpw `q-an-bpsS A-h-? H-pw \n-e-\n-n, `q-ap-J-v.
Fmw s]-s-p Xo-n-Sn-p Nm--em-hpw. Hm-IvknP-s Af-hv \n-e-hn-ep--Xn-t\m A-w
Ip-d-m-epw ssP-h-tem-I-n-\p ]-e \n-e-bvpw
`o-j-Wn-bm-Wv. tIm-i--fn-te-v c--n-eq-sS
th-{X Hm-Iv-kn-P F-n-m-\m-hn F-Xv
H-cp {]-iv-\-amWv; A-tXmsS tIm-i-fn q-tmkv X-m-{X-I "I-nv' Du-Pw ]p-d-t-phn-Sp--Xn\pw {]-bm-kw t\-cn-Spw. ssP-h-tem-In-s \m-i-n-\p h-gn-sbm-cpm Cu tXmXp-hy-Xym-kw [m-cm-fw aXn.
A--co-n H-cp-i-X-am-\-tmfw h-cp-
Im-_ U-tbm-Iv-ssk-Uv F- hm-X-I-n\pw
`u-a Du-jv-am-hv ]m-In -\n-p-Xn henb ]-pv. hm-bp-a--e-n-se Im-_-U-tbmIv-ssk-Uv H-cp "]p-X-m'bn `q-an-sb aq-Sp--Xn\m
cm-{Xn-Im-e-fn Nq-Sv s]-s-p Xm-gv-p-t]m-ImsX-t\mpp. A--co--n-se Im-_ Utbm-Iv-ssk-Un-s Af-hv A--sam-p Iq-Snbmepw B-]-mWv. `q-an sNm--sb-tm-se Npp-s]m-pw. Im-em-h-bn h-{]-Xym-Lm-X A-Xp h-cp-n-sh-pw. Po-h A-kv-X-an-pt]mIm C-Xnepw hn-ti-jn-smpw th-. B[p-\n-I-a-\p-jy-s h-gn-hn- Im-_-_-ln-K-a\-n-s\-Xn-sc ]-cn-n-Xn-kv-t\-ln-I ap-d-hn-fn
Iq-p-Xv F-p-sIm-m-sW-v \-ap--dn-bmw.
Aco--L-S-I--fpsS Af-hv B-\p-]m-XnI-am-bn \n-e-\nm {]-Ir-Xym-Xs h-kwhn-[m-\--fm-Wv `q-anbn H-cp-n-sh-n-p--sXv ]T\- sh-fn-s-Sp-pp. `q-ap-J-s hr-e-Xm-Zn-I {]-Im-i-kw-tj-Ww h-gn ssP-htem-I-n-\p `--W-sam-cpm A--co--nse Aan-X Im-_ U-tbm-Iv-ssk-Uv hmX-Iw
B-Knc-Ww sN-p-pv. Hmtcm Zn-h-khpw 190
_ny S Hm-Iv-kn-P-\m-Wv A-h `--W-n\p ]pdsa \-ap-v Xn-cn-p-X-cp-Xv!

`q-an-bp-sS ]n-hpw A-I-ehpw

`u-tam-]-cn-X-en hm-bp-a-ew ]n-Sn-p-\np-Xn ]n(Mass)n\pw {][m-\ ]-pv.
`u-a-]n-w A-w Ip-d-hm-bn-cp-sn A-Xns Kp-cp-Xzm-I-j-W_-ew A--co-w ]n-Sn-p\nm A-]-cym-]v-X-am-Ipp. N-{\n `q-anbn-te-Xp-t]m-se \n-b-X-am-b hm-bp-a--e-anm-Xn-\p- Im-c-Whpw a-sm. `q-an-bp-sS ]n-w
Au-loZv

! 55 !

C-tm-gp--Xn-\n-p Iq-Sn-bmepw {]-iv-\w-Xs.

Kp-cp-Xzm-Ij-Ww A--co--s D-n-te-p hen-s-Sp-pw. `q-apJ-v Hm-Iv-kn-P-\v kz-X-{-ambn hn-l-cnm I-gn-bm-sX-h-cpw. A-tmgpw Pohm-pc-Ww a-co-Nn-I-bm-hpw.
`q-an-bp-sS {`-a-W-]-Y-n-s kq-cy-\n-\n-p
A-I-ehpw Poh-s A-Snm-\ L-S-I--sf-p
hn-iz-kn--s-Sp- A-an-t\m-A-- _m-jv-]-ambn-tm-Im-sXbpw X-Wp-p-d-p-t]m-Im-sXbpw
\n-e-\nm ]m-I-n-emWv. `q-an kq-cy-\n-tev A-w A-Spm A-an-t\mA- AXns {Zm-h-Im-h- ssI-sh-Sn-v B-hn-bm-Ipw.
A-I-m-tem? Po-hm-- X-Wp-p-d-v hn-d-enp-t]m-Ipw; ssP-h-tem-Iw A-tmgpw \n-Xm-m-h-c-\n-{Zbn B-p-In-S-pw.
`q-anbn Poh-s \m-fw sI-Sm-sX kq-nm
th-sd-bpw H-t-sd kw-hn-[m-\- k-a-Rv-Pk-am-bn k-t-fn-t--Xp-v. `q-an-bp-sS D-]-cn-Xe Kp-cpXzw(surface gravitiy) A-w Iq-Sp-X-em-sW
n A--co-w A-tam-Wn-b-sImpw aotX
sImpw \n-d-bpw. D-]-cn-X-eKp-cpXzw Ip-d-mepw
{]m-Xn-Iq-ey- X-ssY-h. `u-tam-]-cn-X-e-n-se
P-e-\--am-bn-cnpw ^ew. Po-h \n-e-\nm
A-\n-hm-cyam-b H-cp L-S-I-am-Wtm Pew.
`q-an-bp-sS {I-n-s I-\hpw {]-[m-\-amWv. `ua-{I-n-s I-\w Iq-Snbm A--co--n-\nv Iq-Sp-X A-fhn Hm-Iv-kn-P {I-n-te-v
B-Knc-Ww sN--s-Spw. {I-n-\v C-tm-gp{X
I-\w D-m-bn-cp-n-s-n-tem? `u-tam-]-cn-X-e-n\v th-{X D-d-p-m-hn. A-tm A-n-]-hX-kv-t^m-S\- C-S-X-S-hnm-sX `q-ap-J-s Akz--am-pw. B a-lm A-n-Pzmebn kqva ssP-h-X-p--v ]n-Sn-p-\n-m-\m-hn.
A--co--nse A-cn-, ta-p-c, c-m-IhNw F-sm-s hn-ti-jn-n--s-Sp-, Hm-Iv-knPs a-sm-cp cq-]am-b Hm-tkm (O3) hm-X-I-ns Af-hv Ip-dm am-{X-a Iq-Sn-bmepw B]-mWv. Hm-tkm-Wn-s A-fhv Iq-Snbm Cu
"A-cn-' Fm c-iv-an-Ifpw h-en-s-Sp-v `q-an-sb
h-tXmXn X-Wp-n-pw. Ip-d-m-tem, \-apP\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012

-dn-bp--Xp-t]mse, am-c-I-c-iv-an-I Fm ssPh-{]-Xo--I-sfbpw Xn-s-Sp-pw. `q-an D-b Du-jv-amhn sh-p-cp-Ipw.

""A-h D-]-cn-a--e-s hn-Xm-\n-p-Ibpw kp-en-Xm-h- Im-p-kq-n-p-Ibpw sN-bv-Xp''
(55:7)
""Hmtcm h-kv-Xp-shbpw A-h kr-n-p-Ibpw
A-Xn-s\ i-cn-bmwh-w hy-h--s-Sp-p-Ibpw
sN-bv-Xp'' (25:2)
""Af- h v \n- W - b n- - s - (k- p- e n- X - a m- b )
Fm h-kv-Xp-fpw \mw D-Xv-]m-Zn-n-p-Ibpw sNbv-Xp'' (15:19)

D-cp `q-an
Izp-B sh-fn-s-Sp-pp: "" B-Im-i-fpw
`q-anbpw A-h bm-Ym-Yy-]q-hw kr-n-n-cn-pp. cm-{Xn-sb-sm-v A-h ]-I-ent Np-nsm-Xn-bp-p. ]-I-en-s\-sm-v A-h cm-{Xntaepw Np-n-sm-Xn-bpp. ("Np-n-sm-Xn-bpp' F-Xn\v A-d-_nbn "bp-I-ndp' F-p {]-tbm-Kw).
kq-cy-s\bpw N-{-s\bpw A-h \n-b-{-W-hnt[-b-am-p-Ibpw sN-bv-Xn-cn-pp. Fmw \nnX ]-cn-[nh-sc N-en-p-p''(39: 5)
C- h n- s S, "Fmw N- e n- p- p' F- A- Y n, "Ipp b-Pvco' F-p Jp-B kq-v-aam-bn {]-tbm-Kn-Xv ]T-\-hn-t[-b-am-tXm-Wv.
A-d-_n-`m-jbn "Ip-d' F- ]-Z-n-\v D-cpXv, ]v, tKm-fw F-sm-s-bm-Wv A-Yw.
A-Xn-\n-pm-b {In-bm-cq-]-n-\v (bp-I-ndp)
"Np-n-p-I' F-v A-Yw \--In-bm-te `m-j-tbmSv \o-Xn-]p-e-m-\mhq. `q-an-b-S--ap- B-Imi-h-kv-Xp--v tKm-fm-Ir-Xn-bm-sW- kq-N-\
\-Ip-I-bm-Wv Izp-B Cu h-N-\-n-eqsS.
\-_n(kz) Po-hn-n-cp- Im-e-L--nepw AXn-\p-ti-jhpw kq-cy\pw N-{-\p-samw "]-c-Xpw
.............................................................................

A-d-_n-`m-jbn "Ip-d' F- ]-Zn-\v D-cp-Xv, ]v, tKm-fw Fsm-s-bm-Wv A-Yw. A-Xn-\npm-b {In-bm-cq-]-n-\v (bp-Indp) "Np-n-p-I' F-v A-Yw
\--In-bm-te `m-j-tbm-Sv \o-Xn-]pe-m-\mhq. `q-an-b-S--ap- BIm-i-h-kv-Xp--v tKm-fm-Ir-Xnbm-sW- kq-N-\ \-Ip-I-bm-Wv
Izp-B Cu h-N-\-n-eqsS.
.............................................................................
Au-loZv

! 56 !

\n--e-hpamb `q-an'sb h-ew-sh-p-I-bm-sW-

hn-izm-k-am-Wv \n-e-\n-n-cp-Xv.
A-d-_n-hym-I-c-W-{]-Imcw, hm-p-I-v, C-Xc `m-j-I-fn-\n-p hy-Xy-kv-X-am-bn G-I-h-N\w,
Zzn-h-N\w, _-lp-hN-\w F-o aq-p cq-]--fpv.
Cu B-bn `q-an-sbbpw N-{-s\bpw kq-cys\-bp-am-Wtm IzpB ]-cm-a-in-p-Xv. `qan \n--e-am-bn \n-p-I-bm-sWpw kq-cy\pw
N-{-\pw `q-anpw Nppw N-en-pIbmsW-pamWv Jp-B-s [m-c-W-sbn, "Ipp-lp-am b-Pvcn-bm\n' ("A-h cpw N-en-p-p' F--Xn-s
Zzn-h-N-\-{]-tbmKw) F-m-bn-cp-tm Jp-B
{]-tbm-Kn-t-Xv. A-d-_nbn kzm-`m-hn-I-am-bp Zzn-h-N-\-n-s km-[yX-I \n-e-\ns,
Jp-B A-\p-tbm-Pyam-b k--`-fn As\ [m- c m- f w {]tbm- K n- npap- s - n- c ns, cnq-Sp-X h-kv-Xp--fp--tm am{Xw {]tbm-Kn-p- "Ipp b-Pvco' Fv Jp-B Chn-sS `q-an-sbbpw D-s-Sp-n-smv -{]-tbmKn-Xv Gsd Nn-\o-b-am-Wv.

]p-d-ta-bv-p hn-I-kn- `qan

Jp-B ]-d-bpp: ""`q-an-bm-I-s \mw A-Xns\ hn-I-kn-n-p-Ibpw AXn D-d-p-\n-p-
]-hX- \mw \m-p-Ibpw tN-tXm-l-c-fm-b
Fm k-ky-h-K--sfbpw \mw ap-f-n-p-Ibpw
sN-bv-Xp'' (50:7)
`q-an-b-S-p- ku-c-bq-Yw P--sa-Sp-Xv GXm-v 4.50 _ny h-jw ap-m-bn-cp-ncnW-sa-v `q-hn-m-\n-I K-Wn-s-Sp-pp. "`qan'sb Izp-B ]-cm-a-in-pXv 450 X-h-Wbm-sW-Xv bm-Zr-n-I-am-bn-cn--W-sa-n.
hf-sc ]-v `q-an-bp-sS Bcw (radius) C-tm-gp 6400 In-tem-ao- D-m-bn-cp-n-spw A-Xv
G-Xm\pw In-tem-ao--dp-I am-{X-am-bn-cp-p-sh
pw K-th-j-W sh-fn-s-Sp-pp. `q-an-bpsS B-cw (tKm-f-n-s tI-{-n-\n-v D-]-cnX-e-n-te-p- A-Iew) Im-e-{Ita-W Iq-Sn-btm `q-an-bp-sS {]-X-e-hn-kv-Xo-Ww kzm-`m-hnI-ambpw Iq-Sn.
Cu -h-N-\n "hn-I-kn-n-p' F--Xn-\v "a' F- ]-Z-am-Wv Izp-B kzo-I-cn-n-c-n-p-sX-p Im-Wmw. ]-g-b-Ime-v "]-cn' F-v ]ecpw Cu ]-Z-n-\v A-Yw \-Inb-Xv hm-pIsf kq-v-a-am-bn \n-co-n-p-sIm--mbns-v
Ad_n`m-j-]-n-Xm-X-s A-`n-{]m-b-s-Sppv. ]p-d-ta-bv-p hn-I-kn-n-p F- A-Y-amWv `m-jm-]-c-ambpw Iq-Sp-X tbm-Pn-p-I-sb-v
A-h hy--am-pp.
hm-p-I A-Xn-s I-Wn-ihpw kq-v-a-hp
amb A-Yn {]-tbm-Kn-p-I-sb-Xv IzpBs co-Xn-im-kv-{X-amWv. H-cp D-Zm-l-cWw: ""tdm-a
m `q-an-bn-se G-hpw Xm-gv- {]-tZ-i-p-shP\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012

v tXm-n--s-n-cn-p-p. X--fp-sS ]-cm-Pb-n-\p-ti-jw G-Xm-\pw -h-j--p-n-Xs A-h hnP-bw h-cn-p--XmWv. appw ]npw
Am-lp-hn-\m-Ip-p Im-cy--fp-sS \n-b-{-Ww''
(30:24)
{]-hm-NI-s Im-e-pw sXmpap]pw A-td
_y A-[-Zzo-]n-s Nn-e ta-J-e-Ifn B-[n]Xyw m-]n-m-\m-bn t]-jy-mcpw tdm-a-m
cpw Xn bp-w ]-Xn-hm-bn-cp-p. {In-kv-Xym-\nIfm-b tdm-a-m-tcm-Sm-bn-cpp, th-Z-m-sc- \ne-bn, ap-kven-wI-v {]n-bhpw A-\p-`m-h-hpw.
_-lp-ssZ-hm-cm-[-I-cm-bn-cp- A-d-_n-I-v ]
t, t]-jy-m-tcm-Sm-bn-cp-p Xm-Xv-]-cyw. lnPvd Amw h-jn tdm-a-m-s-Xn-sc t]jym hn-P-bw t\-Sn-b-tm _-lp-ssZ-hm-cm[I ap-kvenwI-sf ]-cn-l-kn-p-Ibpw B hn-Pb
n Ah hmsX Xn-an-m-Sp-Ibpw sN-bvXp.
tdm-a-m-cp-sS ]-cmP-bw Xm-Xv-m-en-Iw am-{X-amsW-pw A-Xp-sIm-v A-Xn-cp-hn-v B-m-Zn-tspw G-Xm\pw sIm--Iw A-h t]jy-m-pta hnP-bw t\-Sp-sapw Izp-B
A-k-n-Kv-[-am-bn {]hNn-p-I-bmWv. G-gp h-jn-\pn tdm-am hnP-bw t\-Sn. IzpBs {]hN\w ]p-ep.
C-mcyw {]-h-Nnptmgpw Izp-B `u-aL-S-\-bn-tepw sh-fn-w -ho-ip-p-s h-kvXp-X \-s Iq-SpX hn-kv-a-bn-n-pp. "A-Zv-\'
F- ]-Z-am-Wv Izp-B C-hn-sS {]-tbm-Kn-pXv. "Xm-gv-' F-p-X-s-bm-Wv Cu ]-Z-n-s
i-cn-bmb AYw. "`q-an-bn-se A-Sp- {]-tZ-i-pshv' F- A-Y-tm `q-an-im-kv-{X-]-c-ambn tbm-Pn-p-Xpw "`q-an-bn-se G-hpw Xm-gv-
{]-tZ-i-p-shv' F- A-Y-amWv. "`q-an-bn-se
G-hpw Xm-gv-{]-tZ-iw' F-p Izp-B {]-tbmKn-Xv F-p-sIm-mWv?
N-cn-{X-]-c-am-bn t\m-n-bm, Nm-hpI-S {]tZi-p sh-m-W-tm- tdm-am A-p ]-cm-Pb-s-Sp-Xv. k-ap-{Z-\n-c-n-\n-v 1388 A-Sn Xmsg-bm-bm-Wv Cu `q-{]-tZ-iw n-Xn-sN-p--sX.............................................................................

1577, k {^m-kn-kv t{U-v k-ap{Z-k

- m-cw \-S
- n `q-an D-cp-X
- m-sWp sX-fn-bn-p-X
- n-\p hf-sc ap-]pXs, ap-kvenw-temI-v `q-an am-{Xa,
Fm B-Im-ih
- k
- X
v- p-pw tKm-fmIr-Xn-bm-Wp--sX- hn-izm-kw, IzpB- Nn--I-fp-sS ]n-_-e-n, in- s - n- c p- p- s hv N- c n- { X- { K- fn Im-Wmw.
.............................................................................
Au-loZv

! 57 !

v C-p \--f-dn-bpp.

A-m-Ir-Xn {]m-]n- `qan

hm-p-I kq-v-a-am-bn {]-tbm-Kn-v `ua-LS-\-bn-tepw B-Ir-Xn-bn-tepw kq-N-\ \-Ip a-sm-cp Izp-B hN-\w Im-Wp-I: ""]n-oSh `q-an-sb A-m-Ir-Xn-bn-em-n'' (79:30)
"Z-lm-l' F- {In-bm-{]-tbm-K-n-s A-Snm-\]-Zw "Z-lm' F-mWv. A-m-Ir-Xn-bn-tev hn-I-kn-n-p F-p i-cnpw A-Yw In-p-
]-Zw. "Z-lm-lm'-bp-sS a-smcp \n-jv-]-nbm-b "Zpbm'v H-p-an- i--Xm-cm-h-en-I-fn-epw "H--I-]n-bp-sS ap--bp-sS cq]w' F-m-Wv A-Yw \Inb-Xv.
Koran.Izlam.net dictionary/exegesis, Mohit Dictionary, Lisan Arab Lexicon F-n-h-bp-sS Hm-sse

i--hn-m-\-tIm-i--Xn-p-Ifn 'Expanded it to
an ostrich egg' F-p- A-Yw \-Inb-Xv {i-tb-amWv.
`q-an-bp-sS b-Ym-Y B-Ir-Xn H--I-]-n-bp-sS
ap--bp-tS-Xp-t]m-se-s (oblate spheriod) F-v
_-ln-cm-Im-i-p-\n-s-Sp- Nn-{X- \-s
t_m-[y-s-Sp-pp. (Nn{Xw Im-Wp-I)
1577, k {^m-kn-kv t{U-v k-ap-{Z-k-mcw \-S-n `q-an D-cp--Xm-sW-p sX-fn-bn-p-Xn-\p hf-sc ap-]p-Xs, ap-kvenw-temI-v `qan am-{Xa, Fm B-Im-i-h-kv-Xp-pw tKmfm-Ir-Xn-bm-Wp--sX- hn-izm-kw, Izp-B- Nn-I-fp-sS ]n-_-e-n, i-n-s-n-cp-p-shv
N-cn-{X-{K--fn Im-Wmw. hn-n-]o-Un-bbn
Islamic Golden Age ]-c-Xn-t\m-nbm C-Xp t_m[y-am-hpw. {In-kv-Xp-h-jw 700Ifn Po-hn- A_q-l-\o-^bpw 1200Ifn Po-hn- C-_v-\p-Xo-anbbpw C-tX Bi-bw Izp-B- hym-Jym-\-fn
tc-J-s-Sp-nb-Xv \-ap-v hm-bn-mw. a-lm\m-b
C-_v-\p-I-kodpw "]-c--`q-an'bn hn-iz-kn-m
Iq-m-n-bn-cp-n-s-p Im-Wmw.

`u-aP-ew
Pothm-Xv-]-nbpw P-e-hpw X-n-ep- ]m-ckv-]cyw Izp-B sh-fn-s-Sp-pp:
""sh--n-\n-v Fm Po-h-h-kv-Xp--sfbpw
\mw D-m-p-Ibpw sN-bv-Xp'' (21:30)
s\m-t_-km-\ tP-Xmhpw ssh--anknbp-sS cm-kL-S-\ I-sn-b im-kv-{X--\pamb tUm. B-_-v sk v tPym-Pn-bp-sS hmp-I Cu hN-\w A-]-{K-Yn-p-tm hf-sc
hn-e-s--Xm-sW-p tXm-pp. A-t-lw ]-dbpp: ""sh--an-sn `q-anbn Po-thm-Xv-]-nbn. ssP-h-L-S-I--fp-sS A-Sn-m-\-cq-]hpw AXn-s \nKq-V _-e-X-{hpw sh-w-X-s''.
`u-tam-]-cn-X-en \men aq-p `m-Khpw
sh--amWv. {]m-b-]q-nbm-b a-\p-jys -i-coP\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012

.........................................................................................................................................................

_p-[-\nepw ip-{I-\nepw sNm--bn-epw hym-g-nepw i-\n-bn-ep-samw P-e_m-jv-]-n-\p km[y-X Xn--f-bm-\m-hn-s-nepw {Zm-h-I-cq-]n

A-hn-sS P-ew \n-e-\n-p-n. sNm--bnepw i-\n-bp-sS Nn-e D-]-{K-l-fnepw N-{-\n-ep-samw ln-a]
- m-fn-I I-s-n-bn-p-s-nepw A-hs
- bmpw
ssP-h-ssh-hn-[y-n-se "t{i-jvT-kzcq-]\pw ]q-W-kzcq-]-\p-w `mh-\m-k-\pw {]-Xn-`m-[\\pamb' a-\p-jy-\v Hpw \n-hm-k-tbm-Ky-a-X-s.
.........................................................................................................................................................

cn 70 i-X-am-\hpw sh-w-Xs. H-cp \-hPm-X-in-iphn 74 i-X-am-\w sh--am-sW-n,

{`q-W-n-em-h-s 80 i-X-am-\hpw sh-w ssI-bS-pp.
`q- a pJ- v {[p- h - - f n- s em- g n- s I H- p- a n- - b nSpw P-ew {Zm-h-I-cq-]-n-em-Wv n-Xn-sN-pXv. P-ew {Zm-h-I-cq-]n Im-Wp- {Klw, Adn-b-s-n-S-tmfw, `q-an am-{X-amWv. P-ew {Zm-hI-cq-]n \n-e-\n-m-te ssP-h-tem-I-n-\p \ne-\n-p-q-sh-v tPym-Pn k-a-Yn-pp.
D-]m-]-N-b-{]-{In-b h-gn i-co-cw Du-Pw D-Xv]m-Zn-n-p-tm ]p-d---s-Sp- h-n-jmw-ifpw am-en-\y-fpw In-Uv-\n-bm-Wv ]p-d-t-v
I-f-bp-Xv. bq-dn-Iv B-knUpw bq-dn-bbpw em-IvSnIvv B-knUpw hn-k-Pn-p-t]m-I-W-san Ah sh-n e-bn-Ww. i-co-cn P-emwiw Ip-dm In-Uv-\n BZyw ]Wn ap-S-pw.
i-co-c-n-se Z-l-\-{]-{In-b-I-fnepw sh--n-\v
]-pv. i-co-cn F-ssk-ap-I-fp-sS k-lmb-tm-sS \-S-p- cm-k-{]-{In-b-Ipw th-Znsbm-cp-p-Xv sh--am-Wv. q-tmkpw C-cp-pX- p- fpw Hm- I v - k n- P - \ p- s amw tIm- i - - f ntepw I-e-I-fn-tepw c--n-eq-sS F-n-p-Xnepw Cu km-h-euIn-I em-b-\n-bpsS "tdm'
Im-Wmw.
c-v ssl-{U-P B--fpw H-cp Hm-Iv-kn-P
B-hpw tN-, {]-Xy-n A-{X-sbmpw
k-o-W-am-, Fm hn-kv-a-b--fp-sS a-lmta-cphmb kw-bp--am-Wv Pew (H2O). a-\p-jy-ico-c-n-s F--t]m-se `u-a-i-co-c-n-sbpw Fgp-]-Xp-i-X-am-\w sh--amWv. J-c{Zm-h-Ihm-XIm-h--Ifn P-ew k-ar--am-bp-n-hnsS. Cu
aq-v A-h--I-fn-epw G-sX-nepw {K-ln
sh-w H-cp-an-v n-Xn-sN-p-p-sn am-{Xta Po-h-kv-^p-c-W-n-\v km-[y-X-bp-q-sh-v Kth-jW- sX-fn-bn-pp.
`q-an-bn-te-p ]-Xn-p- A-{Sm-h-b-ev, ssat{Im-thhv, C-{^m-sd-Uv In-c-W-sf P-ew \m-bn B-Knc-Ww sN-p-pv. ssl-{U-PHmIv-kn-P t_m-v kv-]-n-m-Wv C-Xp km-[y-amp-Xv. \men aq-p-`m-Khpw ]-c-p-In-S-p-
k-ap-{ZP-ew Cu am-c-I-In-c-W-sf kz-bw s\n-te-n ssP-h-tem-I-n-s \n-e-\n-v D-d-pAu-loZv

! 58 !

h-cp-p--Xn-\p ]n-nepw ssZ-hn-I-I-c-- ImWmw.

_p-[-\nepw ip-{I-\nepw sNm--bn-epw hym-gnepw i-\n-bn-ep-samw P-e-_m-jv-]-n-\p
km[y-X Xn--f-bm-\m-hn-s-nepw {Zm-h-I-cq]n A-hn-sS P-ew \n-e-\n-p-n. sNm-bnepw i-\n-bp-sS Nn-e D-]-{K-l--fnepw N-{-\nep-samw ln-a-]m-fn-I I-s-n-bn-p-s-nepw
A-h-sbmpw ssP-h-ssh-hn-[y-n-se "t{i-jvTkzcq-]\pw ]q-W-kzcq-]-\p-w `mh-\m-k--\pw
{]-Xn-`m-[\\pamb' a-\p-jy-\v Hpw \n-hm-k-tbmKy-a-X-s.
ssP-h-tem-I-s A-\ymZr-i hn-kv-a-b-am-Wv a\p-jy.A-h-t\mfw _u-n-I-ambpw ss[-j-WnI-ambpw h-f- a-sm-cp kr--n-sbbpw k-ev]nm-\m-hn-. "B-Z-an-s a-sf \mw B-Z-cn-n-cnp-p'F- IzpB hN\w tN-p-hm-bn-ptm Im-cy--v IqSpX hy--X e-`n-pp. IzpB-s `m-j I-S-sa-Sp-p ]-d-m, a\p- j y- k w- k v - I r- X n- b p- s S "I- f n- s m- n- ' em- h m,
Ah-s\ \n-e-\n-m\pw h-f-m-\p-ap `-W-sam-cp-m, Ah-\p sh-hpw {]m-W-hm-bphpw
]-I-p-\-Im, Ah-\p X-e-Nm-bv-m-\p "sa'sbm-cp-m `q-an-bm-sX a-sm-cp hm-k-ehpw Bcpw I-s-n-bn-n.

]-h-X--fp-sS {]k-n
a-\p-jy-Po-hn-Xw `q-apJ-v km-[y-am-p- asm-cp \n-Wm-b-I L-S-I-am-Wv Hu--Xy-tm-sS
in-c-p-b-n \n-p- ]-h-X. a-g-sbbpw
Im-n-s\bpw Im-em-h--sbbpw kzm-[o-\n-p-Xn-\p ]p-dsa, `u-a-kp-n-c-X-bnepw a-\p-jy-kwkv-Ir-Xn-bnepw B-gn th-cqn-b {]-Xn-`m-kam-W-Xv.
F-ssk-tm-]oUn-b {_n--m-\n--bnepw Ata-cn-m-\-bnepw \In-b \n-h-N-\-{]-Imcw, ""`utam-]-cn-X-e-n-\n-v {i-t-bam-b D--Xn-bn-tev h-f-p-\n--p- `u-a-{I-v'' B-Wv ]-hX. D- ] - c n- X - e - n- \ n- v 300 ao- dn IqSpX A--co-n D-b-p-\n-p- `ua-`m-K-am-Wv ]-h-X--sf-n, a-p Nn-e-v 600
ao-dn Iq-Sp-X-em-bm-te A-h ]-h-X--fmhq;
A-Xn\p Xm-sg-bp--sXm-s Ip-p-I-fpw. G-Xp
P\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012

\n-h-N-\-nepw ]-h-X--fp-sS `q-an-bpsS A-I- m n- t e- p- h- f - s b- p- d n- v th{X

[mcW Im-Wp-n.
"a-lm-hr-mw' F-p t]-cp \In-b (kqdp-_Av) A-[ym-bn Izp-B tNm-Znpp: ""[-c-Wn-sb \mw H-cp i-bpw ]-h-Xsf \mw X-d-n-p-\n-p--hbpw B-n-bn-t?''
(67)
h- k v - X p- s f X- d - n- p- \ n- p- "B- W n',
"Bv ' t]m- e p- - h - b v - v ]p- d - t a- b v - p- {]ew_X(projection)tbm A-I-tm-p- \n-thi-n-\m-bn-cnpw h-en--q-SpX.
hn-m-\-tIm-i--fn-se \n-h-N-\--fn-\np hy-Xy-kv-X-ambn, B-[p\n-I `q-hn-m-\o-b ]pXn-b \n-h-N-\-am-Wv ]-h-X--p \Ip-Xv: ""]-h-X--v hf-sc B-g-n-ep- iam-b th-cp-I-fpv`q-an-bp-sS en-tXm-kv-^n-bdn-te-v F-n-\n-p- th-cpI. en-tXm-kv^n-b-dn-Iv t-pI-sf \n-b-{n-p-Xpw `q-an D-ep-t]mI-sX Im-p-kq-n-p-Xpw ]-h-X-fp-sS ]p-d-ta-bv-p Zr-iy-am- `q-an-bv--Sn-bnte-p h-f--I-fm-Wv''.
k-ap-{Zn ln-a-]m-fn-I s]m-n-\n-p-Xp-t]m-se-bm-Wv ]-h-X--fp-sS In-Sv. ln-a-]h-X--fp-sS ]-p ap-X ]-Xn\-p hsc a-Spw
sh--n-\-Sn-bn-cn-p-a-sm. ]m-d-I-fp-sS km-{X-b-\p-k-cn-v ]-h-X-fpw `u-am--`m-K-t-v
]p-d-ta-p--Xn-t\m A-t\-Iw a-S-v Xm-gv-pAu-loZv

! 59 !

In-S-p-p (Nn{Xw Im-WpI).

]-h-X-sf "Hu-mZv' Fp Jp-B D-]anXv F-{X-am{Xw I-Wn-ihpw h-kv-Xp-Xm-]-c-hpam-sW-v \-ap-n-p t_m-[y-a-m-hpp.
`q-anbn h-h-kv-Xp- ]-Xn-p-tm {]I-\w sIm-m-Xn-cnm k-lm-b-I-am-Ip-Xv
`u-am--`m-K-t-p- ]-h-X--fp-sS hn-X-cWw-Xs. N-{\n B-gn th-cp-n-bp-
]-h-X--fp-sS A-km-n-[y-am-Wv A-hn-sS hm co-Xnbn {]-I-\w \-S-p--X-s{X.
{]-I--\w-sIm-p- `q-an H-cn--epw kp-J-Icam-b \n-hm-k-n-\v A-\p-tbm-Py-am-hn. `q-an-sb
a-p {K-l--fn-\n-p hy-Xy-kv-X-am-p-Xv \- f - d n- b p- Xpw A- d n- b m- - X pam- b H- t - s d- khntij kw- h n- [ m- \ - - f p- s Sbpw hy- h - - I - f psSbpw ^-e-amWv.
""`q-an A-h-sc-bpw-sIm-v DebmXn-cn-m-\m-bn
AXn \mw D-d-p-\n-p- ]X- kr-np-Ibpw sN-bv-Xn-cn-pp. A-h k-c-WnI Is-m-\m-bn A-hbn hn-im-eam-b ho-YnI
H-cp-p-Ibpw sN-bv-Xn-cn-p-p'' (21:31).
""`q-an \n--sf-bpw-sIm-v Debm-Xn-cn-m-\mbn AXn A-h D-d-p-\n-p- ]-hX-
m-]n-p-Ibpw ssh-hn-[y-am- P-p-Pm-esf A-h AXn hn-Xc-Ww sN-p-Ibpw sN-bvXn-cn-pp. B-Im-i-p-\n-p \mw sh-w sNmcn-bp-Ibpw A-Xph-gn hn-in-am-b k-ky-bp-sf D-Xv-]m-Zn-n-p-Ibpw sN-bv-Xp'' (31:10)
#
P\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012

^Xmhm

akvXnjvI acWw kw`-hn-m

ssiJv A_vZpdlvam
A_v Z pJm- e nJv
? a-kv-Xn-jv-I a-c-Ww F- sshZy-im-kv-{X kw-_--am-b H-cp Ah-bp-v. A-Xm-b-Xv a-\p-jy-s Xe-tm- H-gn-sI a-s-m A-h-b-h-fpw {]-h--n-p-sIm-n-cn-p-
A-h-. A-tm- a-kv-Xn-jv-I-a-cWw b-Ym--Y a-c-W-am-bn I-W-mm-tam? a-kv-Xn-jv-I a-c-Ww kw-`hn B-fn-\n-v D-]-I-c-W-- amn-sh-m- tUm-Iv-S--am- Xo-cp-am\n-p-I-bm-sW-n- A-Xn-s hn-[nsb-v?
$ X-e-tm-dn-s Im-w a-cnp-I-bpw a-p A-h-b-h--sf-mw b{--fp-sS k-lm-b-tm-sS {]-h-n-p-sIm-n-cn-p-I-bpw sN-p a-\p-jy- b-Ym--Y-n- a-cn-pI-gn-p. F-m- a-c-Ww H-n-e[n-Iw tUm-Iv-S--am- n-co-I-cn-t-Xp-v. {_n--\n- Cu tcm-Kn akv-Xn-jv-I-]-c-am-bn a-c-W-s-p-sh-v
B-dv tUm-Iv-S--am- k--n-ss^ sN-Ww. X-e-tm- ]q--W-am-bpw {]h--\-c-ln-X-am-sb-pw A-Xn- bmsXm-cp {]-Xn-I-c-W-hpw \-S-pn-spw n-co-I-cn--s-Sp-I-bpw b-{- am-n-sh--s-m- F-mw \n-e-am-Ip-sa-p D-d-m-hp-I-bpw sNbv-Xm- A-tm- b-{-- am-nsh-mw. ]-t, H-n-e-[n-Iw tUmIv-S--am- A-Xv km-y-s-Sp--Ww.
C--s\ sN-p--Xv H-cp h-gn-b-S-m th-n-bm-Wv. Im-c-Ww A-h-b-h

hn-ev-]-\ C-v F-m \m-n-epw hym-]-I-am-Wv. H-cp

tUm-Iv-S-dp-sS am-{Xw Xo-cp-am-\w a-Xn-bm-hp-I-bn. A-Xn-\m- C--cw k---`--fn- H-n-e-[nIw tUm-Iv-S--am- km-y-s-Sp--Ww.

It-dnb `qan-bn \nan

sIn-S--fpsS hmSI
tUm. A_vZpdlvam Da-dp--^ok
? H-cp a-\p-jy- F-s `q-an I-t-dn. A-Xn-
Ip-td sI-n-S-- \n--an-v hm-S-I-p sIm-Sp-p.
Ip-td h--j-- A-Xn-s hm-S-I hm-n D-]-tbmKn-p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. ]n-s Rm- I-t--m-c\n-\n-v `q-an Xn-cn-p ]n-Sn-p. A-h- hm-n-bncp- hm-S-I F-\n-v \-ev-Im- B-h-iy-s-p. Ah- A-Xn-\v Iq-m-n-bn-. Xm- \n--an- sI-n-S-fp-sS hm-S-I-bm-W-sX-m-Wv hm-Zw. C-Xn-s
C-kv-em-an-I hn-[n-sb-v?
$ -H-m-a-Xm-bn I-t-w l-dm-am-Wv. \n-b-am\p-kr-X-am-b Im-c-Wn-m-sX a-p--h-cp-sS [-\-nt-ep- I-S-p-I-b--am-W-Xv. Izp--B-\pw kp-pw C-Pv-am-Dw, bp-n-bpw A-Xv \n-tcm-[n-p-p.
A-m-lp ]-d-bp-p: ""A-\ym-b-am-bn \n-- At\ym-\yw kz-p-- Xn--cp-Xv. A-dn-p-sImp-X-s B-fp-I-fp-sS kz-p--fn- \n-v \n- h--Xpw A-[m--an-I-am-bn t\-Sn-sb-Sp-p Xnm- th-n \n-- A-Xp-am-bn hn-[n-I--m-sf k-ao-]n-p-I-bpw sN--cp-Xv'' (2:188). d-kq(k) ]-d-bp-p: H-cp Nm- `q-an A-{I-a-]-c-ambn B-sc-n-epw ]n-Sn-s-Sp-m- A-y-\m-fn-
F-gp-]-Xv `q-an-I- sIm-v A-h-s I-gp-n- ame-bn-Spw'' (ap-kv-enw). ""H-cp ap-kv-en-an-\v a-\:-kw-Xr]v-Xn-tbm-Sv \-ev-Ip- [-\-a-m-sX A-\p-h-Z-\o-b-a.'' ""\n--fp-sS c--hpw [-\-hpw Cu Zn-h-k-ns, am-k-n-s, \m-Sn-s ]-hn-{X-X-t]m-se \n--v ]-hn-{X-am-Wv.''

B[p-\nI{]iv\--fn ]WvUn-X-m-cpsS ho-W-

B\p-Im-enI apkvenw ]{X am-kn-I-I-fn hyXykvX hnj-b-sf kv]in-p
tNmZy-p D-c--fmbpw {]iv\--fn-ep hn[n-I-fmbpw {]kn-o-I-cn--sSp ho- W - - f n sXc- s - S p- - s NneXv ChnsS FSp- p- - c n- p- p. Ch
Au-lo-Zns ^Xvh-I-f.
Au-loZv

! 60 !

P\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012

I-t-w l-dm-am-sW- hn-j-b-n- ap--Kman-I-fpw ]n--Km-an-I-fp-am-b F-m ]-n-X-m-cpw

G-Im-`n-{]m-b-m-cm-Wv. D-S-a-bv-v am-{Xw A-h-Imi-s--Xm-Wv A-bm-fp-sS kz-v F--Xv _p-n
Aw-Ko-I-cn-p- H-cp \ym-b-am-Wv. Im-c-Ww A-Xv
A-bm-fp-sS A-[zm-\-n-s ^-e-am-Wv. A-Xn-s
t\-sc B-sc-n-epw A-Xn-{I-aw Im-Wn-p-I-bm-sWn- A-Xv A-bm--v A--l-X-bn-m- I-t-am-Wv. A-tm- B kz-v D-S-a-v Xn-cn-p-sImSp-m- A-bm-sf \n--_-n-t--Xp-v.
Cu hn-j-b-hp-am-bn _--s- c-p Im-cy-fp-v. H-v I-t-w \-S-n-b-h-\p-am-bn _--s-Xv. c-m-a-t-Xv I-t- kz-p-am-bn _--s-Xv. I-t-w \-S-n-b-h- A-m-lp l-dm-am-nb H-cp Ip--am-Wv sN-bv-X-Xv. l-dmw Xn-p--Xv
F-s-t-p-am-bn A-m-lp A-h-s A-Sn-a-I-v \n-tcm-[n-n-cn-p-p. A-Xv Xn-p--h--v in-bp-m-Ip-sa-v Xm-o-Xv \-ev-Ip-I-bpw sN-bvXn-p-v. d-kq-(k) ]-d-p: "l-dm-an- \n-p
ap-f- G-Xv amw-k-n-\pw A-n-bm-Wv A--l-amb-Xv'-lm-Inw.
C-\n I-t-dn-b kz-p-am-bn _--s- {]-iv\w. A-Xv kw-_-n- hn-[n A-Sn-m-\ kz-n\pw _m-[-I-am-Wv. A-tm- H-cp `q-an I-t-dn ]nSn--S-n-bm- A-Xn-se a-c-- I-v, sN-Sn, ]gw Xp-S-n-b F-mw X-s B `q-an-bp-sS b-Ym-Y D-S-a-bv-v A-h-Im-i-s--Xm-Wv. H-cp hm-l-\w
I-h-- sN-bv-Xv Iq-en-v sIm-Sp-m- B hm-l\-hpw A-Xn- \n-v D-S-se-Sp--Xp-sa-mw D-S-abv-p A-h-Im-i-s--Xm-Wv. A-Xn- \n-v F-sn-epw \-jv-S-s-n-p-s-n- D-S-a-v \n-I-nsm-Sp-t--Xp-am-Wv. H-cp ho-Sm-Wv ]n-Sn--S-nbn-p--sX-n- B ho-Spw A-Xn-s hm-S-I-bpsa-mw D-S-a-bv-v A-h-Im-i-s--Xm-Wv.
C-X-\p-k-cn-v `q-an I-t-dn-b B- `q-an-tbmsSm-w A-Xn-se hm-S-I-bpw Xn-cn-p-sIm-Sp--Ww.
Xm- \n--an--Xm-Wv sI-n-S-- F- hm-Z-n\v \ym-b-an-. Im-c-Ww A-Xv I-t--n-s H-cp
`m-K-am-Wv. A-Xv A-{I-an-bp-sS hn-b--m-Wv. A-{Ian-bp-sS hn-b--n-\v H-cp A-h-Im-i-hp-an-. ]n-Sn-S-n-b kz-v Xn-cn-p-In-m- kz-n-s D-S-a-bvv `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bp-sS ap-n- ]-cm-Xn-sIm-Sp-m A-h-Im-i-ap-v.

Cu ssIqen ldmw BtWm?

ssiJv A_vZplv bqkp^v
? \n-b-am-\p-kr-X am--K-n-eq-sS \mw ]p-d-p\n-v N-c-p-I- sIm-p-h-cp-p. F-m- I-wkv D-tZym-K-- kr-jv-Sn-p- X-S---fp-am-bn
\mw G-p-ap-p-p. Xp-d-ap-J-p-\n-v N-c-p-I-
]p-d-p-sIm-p h-cp--Xn-\v A-h- ssI-q-en
B-h-iy-s-Sp-I-bm-Wv. \mw sIm-Sp-m- hn-k-Xn-m- A-h- N-c-v X-S-p-sh-pw. A-s-nAu-loZv

! 61 !

\-- in--tm N-c-n-s hn-e-tb-m-

Iq-Sp-X- kw-Jy ]n-g-b-S-bv-m-t\m _m-[y--cmIpw. C-Xv Im-c-Ww am---n- h-en-b a--c-s
t\-cn-v I--h-Sw \-S-m- \-ap-v I-gn-bm-sX hcpw. Cu tIm-g-bn- \n-v N-c-n-s\ tam-Nn-nm- F-m-Wv h-gn?
$ B-Zyw A-\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-b am--K-s--n-bmWv A-t\z-jn-t--Xv. A-Xv e-`n-m-sX h-cn-Ibm-sW-n- C--s\ tIm-g sIm-Sp-p--Xn-\v hntcm-[-an-. Im-c-Ww A-\n-hm-cy-X-I- \n-tcm-[-\-sf A-\p-h-Z-\o-b--fm-pw. F-m- Xm--
sIm-Sp-p- Cu tIm-g hm-p- D-tZym-K-s\ kw-_-n-t-S-tm-fw A-bm- l-dm-am-b [\-am-Wv hm-p--Xv.
C--d--Xv \n-s {]-hr-n C-Xn-t\-m- hen-b H-cp Xn--v h-gn-sh-m- k---`-n-emWv. A--s\ kw-`-hn-p-sa-n- Xm-- tIm-g
sIm-Sp-m- ]m-Sn-. Cu tPm-en D-t]-n-p IqSp-X- hn-in-jv-S-am-b a-s-s-n-epw tPm-en Is-m- I-gn-bp-sa-n- A-Xm-Wv Iq-Sp-X- t{ijv-T-hpw kp-c-n-X-hpw.

CXv kzZIz Pmcn-b-bn Ds-Sptam?

tUm. A_vZpA-kokv C_v\p-_mkv
? C-kv-em-an-I {K--- A--Sn-v hn-X-c-Ww
sN-p--Xv k-Z-Iz Pm-cn-b-bn- D--s-Sp-tam?
$ \n-c--c-am-bn D-]-tbm-Kw km-[y-am-Ip- kZ-Iz-bm-Wv k-Z-Iz Pm-cn-. A-Xp-sIm-m-Wv Pmcn-bv A-Y-hm \n-e-m--Xv F- t]-cv h--Xv.
Pm-cn- A-m- k-Z-Iz A-Xn-s k-a-b-v am{Xw a-\p-jy-\v D-]-tbm-Kw km-[y-am-Ip--Xm-Wv.
D-Zm-l-c-W-am-bn Xm-- H-cm--v B-bn-cw dn-bm k-Z-Iz \-ev-In-sb-p sh-p-I. H-tm c-tm
am-kw sN-e-h-gn-v B kw-Jy Xo-cp-p. A-tX
A-h-k-cw Xm-- H-cp sI-n-S-tam ho-tSm ]o-Sn-Itbm A-Xn-s h-cp-am-\w km-[p---v D-]-tbmKn-m-\m-bn h-Izv-^v B-n-sb-v sh-p-I. Atm- Cu h-cp-am-\w D-t-S-pw Im-ew B kZ-Iz \n-e-\n-ev-p--Xm-Wv. ]p-kv-X-I-- A--Snp--Xpw D-]-Im-c-ap- h-kv-Xp--fp-sa-mw Pmcn- k-Z-Iz-bm-Wv. P-\---v A-Xn-s {]-tbmP-\w e-`n-p- Im-e-tm-fw A-Xn-s {]-Xn-^e-hpw e-`n-p-sIm-n-cn-pw. Nn-e-tm- ]p-kv-XI-- \-in-p-sh-p h-cmw. A-h a-p ]p-kv-X-I-fn-te-pw A-h-bn- \n-v th-sd ]p-kv-X-I-fn-te-pw ]-I--n-b-Xv F-pw \n-e-\n-ev-pw. Fm- A--Sn-t- ]p-kv-X-I-- ]-n-X-mtcm-Sv tNm-Zn-m-bn-cn--Ww sX-c-s-Sp-t--Xv.

t_mIvknwKpw an-Sp-hpw Icm-sbpw

ssiJv A_vZpdlvam A_vZpJm-enJv
? t_m-Iv-knw-K,v a--]n-Sp-w, I-cm-s F-o
Im-bn-I hn-t\m-Z--fp-sS C-kv-em-an-I hn-[n-sb-v?
P\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012

$ B-tbm-[-\ {]-Xn-tcm-[ I-e-I- A-`y-kn- a-X-]-c-am-b Im-cy-am-Wv. kz--lm-_n-I- \_n-bp-sS k-n-[n-bn- sh-v a--]n-Sp-w \-Sm-dp-m-bn-cp-p. F-m- D-]-{Z-hw D--smp- H-cp I-fn-bpw ]m-Sn-. Im-c-Ww X-s Cu
I-ev-]-\ A-\p-h-Zn-p- A-f-hn- C--cw I-c-fnI- ]-Tn-mw. F-m- t_m-Iv-knw-Kn- ap-J-Sn-p--Xn-s\ ap-kv-enw kq-n-t--Xp-v. Imc-Ww d-kq-(k) bp-m-h-k-c-n- t]m-epw apJ--Sn-p--Xv D-t]-n-m- I-ev-]n-n-p-v. Xncp-ta-\n ]-d-p: ""\n--fn- H-cm- A-Sn-p-I-bmsW-n- ap-Jw kq-n-p-I.'' H-cp kz-lm-_n aI-s\ ap-J--Sn-p--Xv I--tm- A-hn-Sp-p
]-d-p: ""Xm-- A-h-s ap-J--Sn--cp-Xv. Imc-Ww A-m-lp B-Z-an-s\ A-h-s cq-]-n-em-Wv
kr-jv-Sn-n-p--Xv.'' Im-c-Ww ap-Jw B-Z-c-Wo-bam-Wv. Cu B-Z-cw ap-kv-en-an-\pw A-ap-kv-en-an-\pap-v. Im-c-Ww "B-Z-an-s\ d-lv-am-s cq-]-n-emWv A-m-lp kr-jv-Sn-n-p--Xv.' F-v \-_n ]-dbp-p. t_m-Iv-knw-Kn-s A-Sn-m-\w ap-J-Sn--em-Wv. C-Xv C-kv-em-an-I hn-cp--am-Wv. t_mIv-knw-Kv i-n-bp-sS am--K-am-sW-n-epw ap-kv-enw
H-gn-hm-t- i-n-bp-sS am--K-am-Wv.

Ipg inip-hn-\p-thn tUmIvS-dpsS

apn \X shfn-s-Sp-

in-ip-hn-s B-h-iym--Yw \--X sh-fn-s-Sp-p hn-j-b-n-epw Cu \n-b-aw {]-tbm-K-h-ev--cnt--Xm-Wv.

hnZymYn-\nv alvdw CmsX

Xoh-n-bn bm{X sNmtam?
ssiJv Jmen-Zp_v\p Aen apssi-Jn^v
? Rm- Z-am-an- Xm-a-kn-p- H-cp bp-h-Xnbm-Wv. A- A-lv-km-bn-se ss^-k- bq-\n-thgv-kn-n tlm--en- \- kp-c-n-X-Xz-hpw [m-cmfw \--I-fp-ap-v. ]-t, hn-Zym--Y-\n-I-sf-mw
hm-cm-y-n- Xo-h-n-bn- a-lv-d-an-m-sX Z-aman-te-v t]m-Ip-p. F-\n-v H--v tlm--en-
Xm-a-kn-m- I-gn-bp-n-. F-s Z-a-am-an-te-v
sIm-p-t]m-Im- _-p--fp-an-. Rm- tlm-en- H--v Xm-a-kn-p-I-bm-tWm th--Xv. AtXm, F-m B-gv-N-bpw a-lv-dw C-m-sX Xo-h-nbn- Z-am-an-te-v t]m-hp-I-tbm?
$ a-lv-dw C-m-sX kv-{Xo-v bm-{X sN-m-
]m-Sn-. Im-c-Ww d-kq- ]-d-bp-p: ""H-cp kv-{Xobpw a-lv-d-an-s Iq-sS-b-m-sX H-cp bm-{X sN-cp-Xv'' F-m- a-lv-d-an-m-sX bm-{X sN-m-t\m
H--v tlm--en- Xm-a-kn-m-t\m c-n-\pw Ign-bm- ]-cn-X-n-Xn-bn- A-h- D-Zv-dv (H-gn-I-gnhv) D--h-fm-Wv. A-h--v \n--_-n-Xm-h-bn- H--v bm-{X sN-mw. Im-c-Ww "C-^v-In's
kw-`-h-n- B-C-i(d) k-^v-hm-s Iq-sS bm{X sN-bv-Xn-p-v. A-h-cp-sS k-l-bm-{Xn-I-sc-mw
t]m-bn--gn-n-cp-p-h-tm.

tUm. APo \ivao

? Ip-g- in-ip-hn-\p-th-n-bp- i-kv-{X-{In-b
\-S-m-\m-bn H-cp ]p-cp-j-tUm-Iv-S-dp-sS ap-n-
kv-{Xo-v A-h-fp-sS \-Kv-\-X sh-fn-s-Sp-m-tam?
K` inip-hns enwK ]cn-tim-[\
$ H-cp tUm-Iv-S-dp-sS ap-n-em-sW-n- t]mepw kv-{Xo \n--_-n-Xm-h--bn-, A-s-n- ssiJv A_vZpdlvam A_vZpJm-enJv
i--am-b B-h-iy-ap--tm- A-m-sX A-h-fp? K--`- in-ip B-tWm s]-tm F-p XnsS \--X sh-fn-s-Sp-m- ]m-Sn-. H-cp h-\n-Xm cn--dn-bm- ]-cn-tim-[-\ \-S-- l-em-tem lkv-s]-j-en-v tUm-Iv-S-sd In-p-I-bm-sW-n- ]n- dm-tam?
s A-hn-sS \n--_-n-Xm-h--bn-. h-\n-Xm
$ K--`-n-ep- in-ip B-tWm s]-tm FtUm-Iv-S-sd In-n-bn-s-n- Nn-In- Ip-d-p-Iq- -dn-bm- sa-Un-- ]-cn-tim-[-\ \-S-p--Xv
Sn \o-n-sh-p--Xn-\v hn-j-a-an-s-n- A-h- h- A-\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-Wv. Im-c-Ww A-Xv kr-jv-Sn-v ]q\n-Xm tUm-Iv-S-sd In-pw-h-sc Im-n-cn--Ww. F- -n-bm-b H-cp kr-jv-Sn-bp-sS Im-cy-am-Wv. F-mn-pw ]p-cp-j-tUm-Iv-S-sd am-{X-am-Wv In-n-b-sX- kr-jv-Sn-v \-S-m- H-cp ip-ip-hn-s\--n Pn-, A-s-n- In-n-b h-\n-Xm tUm-Iv-S- hn-Z- \n-m- t]m-Ip- Ip-n B-tWm s]-tm F-v
Kv-[-b-s-n- A-h--v A-h-fp-sS \--X ]p-cp- A-dn-bm-sa- hm-Zw Aw-Ko-I-cn-m-h-X-. Im-c-Ww
j tUm-Iv-S-dp-sS ap-n- sh-fn-s-Sp-mw. Im-c- A-Xv Du-lw am-{X-am-Wv. K--`-hp-am-bn _--s-
Ww A-tm- A-h- \n--_-n-Xm-h--bn-tem Im-cy---v Np-a-X-e G-ev-]n--s- a-e-n-\v
A-s-n- i--am-b B-h-iy-n-tem B-Wv. ]- P-\n-m- t]m-Ip- Ip-n B-tWm s]-tm Fcn-tim-[n-t--Xpw tcm-K-ap--Xp-am-b -e-sam- -Xv A-m-lp A-dn-bn-p sIm-Sp-p-tm- amgn-sI a-p i-co-c-`m-K--sf-mw A-h- a-d-bv-- {X-ta A-dn-bp-I-bp-q. Im-c-Ww d-kq- ]-d-bpWw. t\m-w-sIm-v am-{Xw tcm-Kw \n--W-bn-m- p: ""_o-P-n-\v 42 Zn-h-kw I-gn-m- A-m I-gn-bp-t-S-v kv-]--i-\w \-S-m- ]m-Sn-. lp A-Xn-s A-Sp-t-v H-cp a-e-n-s\ A-b\n--_-n-Xm-h--bn- H-gn-sI. "Im-W- A-\p- p-p. a-e-v A-Xn-\v cq-]w \-ev-Ip-I-bpw A-Xnh-Z-\o-b-am-b-sX-mw kv-]--in--epw A-\p-h-Z-\o- s Im-Xpw I-pw sXm-en-bpw amw-k-hpw F-mw
b-am-Wv' F- \n-b-aw C-hn-sS _m-[-I-a-. Im-c- kr-jv-Sn-p-I-bpw sN-p-p. ]n-s a-e-v tNmWw C-sXm-cp \n--_-n-Xm-h--bm-Wv. Ip-g- Zn-pw: "d-t, B-tWm s]-tm?' A-tm- AAu-loZv ! 62 ! P\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012

m-lp A-h- D-t-in--Xv hn-[n-p-I-bpw a-e-v

F-gp-Xn sh-p-I-bpw sN-p-p.'' F-m- C-Xn\v ap-v B-tWm s]-tm F--Xv kw-_-n-
A-dn-hv A-m-lp-hn-\v am-{X-am-Wv.

I-bpw A-h--v H-cp ]-n-bp-m-hp-I-bpw sN-bvXm- Pp-ap-A \n--_--am-Wv. Pp-ap-A \-a-kv-Imc-n-\v A-\p-a-Xn \n-tj-[n--s-m- Zp-lv-dv Ppam-A-m-bn \-a-kv-I-cn--Ww. A-Xn-\pw A-\p-aXn-bn-s-n- Zp-lv-dv H--v \-a-kv-I-cn--Ww.

`mKy Iq
tUm. APo \ivao
? H-cp C-kv-em-an-I am-kn-I A-Xv hm-p--h-s-mw H-cp Iq-- sIm-Sp-p-p. Cu Iq--
Xn-cn-p-\-ev-In \-dp-s-Sp-v \-S-n `m-Kyw Xp-Wbv-p--h--v H-cp k-m-\w e-`n-p-sa-p {]-Jym]n-p-I-bpw sN-p-p. \n-_--\-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b
Cu C-S-]m-Sn-s C-kv-em-an-I hn-[n-sb-v?
$ Cu hn-j-b-n- c-p Im-cy-- A-Sn-bn-p-v. am-kn-I hm-p--Xv km-[p-hm-b, ]q-W-am-b H-cp I--h-S-am-Wv. c-m-a-s kw-K-Xn
Nn-e \n-_--\-I- ]m-en-v am-kn-I hm-p--h-v I--h-S-m-c- H-cp k-m-\w \-ev-Ip-sa-mWv. hm-p--h- H-dn-Pn-\- Iq-- A-b-v sImSp--W-sa-m-Wv k-m-\ e-_v-[n-bp-sS \n-_-\. C-Xv Cu C-S-]m-Sn-\v hn-cp--am-b \n-_--\-b. am-kn-I \-ev-Ip- H-cp ss{]-kn-s hn-[n am{X-am-Wv C-Xn-\p--Xv. am-kn-I \-S-n-p-Im--v
C-Xn-s ]n-n- H-cp \- D-t-iyw am-{X-am-Wp-Xv. k-m-\w e-`n--W-sa- e-y-tm-sS amkn-I-bp-sS Iq-Sp-X- F-w tIm-n-I- hm-m C-Xn- ]-s-Sp-p--h--v ]m-Sn-. A-tm-
A-Xv H-cp Nq-Xm--n- ]-s-Sp-p--Xn-\v k-am\-am-bn-o-cp-p.

At_mj-\m-bm
ssiJv A_vZpdlvam A_vZp JmenJv
? H-cp kv-{Xo-v c-p-am-kw K--`-ap--tm-
A-t_m--j-\m-bn. C-\n A-h- F-{X Zn-h-kw \-akv-Im-cw D-t]-n--Ww. \m-ev-]-Xv Zn-h-kw I-gnn-pw c-w t]m-Ip-p-s-n- \n-b-a-sa-v?
$ A-t_m--j-\m-bm- {]-k-h-n-s \n-baw X-s-bm-sW-m-Wv ]-n-X-m-cp-sS A-`n-{]mbw. kv-{Xo-I- \m-ev-]-Xv Zn-h-kw \-a-kv-Im-cw Dt]-n--Ww. Xp-S--pw c-w I-m- c-{km-h-n-s hn-[n-bm-Wv A-Xn-\v _m-[-I-am-hpI. Ip-fn-p \-a-kv-I-cn--Ww.

\ne Bhw ]nsbpw XpSm

? B---hw \n-e-bv-p-p; H-tm c-tm Znh-k-n-\v ti-jw ]n-s-bpw Xp-S-cp-p. Rm-
K--`-\n-tcm-[-\ am--K-- D-]-tbm-Kn-p-p-v.
F--s\ \-a-kv-I-cn--Ww.
$ K--`-\n-tcm-[-\ am--K-- D-]-tbm-Kn-p-Xp-aq-ew am-k-ap-d sX-n- Nn-e Zn-h-k--fn- cw t]m-hp-I-bpw Xp-S--p Ip-d-p Zn-h-k--
c-w \n-e-bv-p-I-bpw sN-p- A-h--bp-mbm- c-w \n-e-bv-p- Zn-h-k--fn- Ip-fn-p
\-a-kv-I-cn--Ww.

cmw hnhmlw ]mSn-s \n_-\

tUm. APo \ivao
? `--m-hv a-sm-cp kv-{Xo-sb Iq-Sn hn-hm-lw
I-gn-p-tam F-p `-b-s-Sp- kv-{Xo-v Xm- Dt-in-p- k-a-b-v hn-hm-l-tam-N-\w \-S-psa- \n-_--\ hn-hm-l-k-a-b-v sh-m- ]mSp-tm? `--m-hv Cu \n-_--\ Aw-Ko-I-cn-m X-m-dm-hp-I-bm-sW-n- hn-hm-lw km-[p-hmIp-tam?
$ hn-hm-l-tam-N-\-n-\p- A-[n-Im-cw X-s
ssI-bn-ep-m-Ip-sa- \n-_--\ kv-{Xo hn-hml-k-a-b-v sh-p-I-bm-sW-n-, `--m-hv AXv Aw-Ko-I-cn-m- X-m-dm-bm- B hn-hm-lw
km-[p-hm-Ipw.

Aapkvenw cmPys PpapA

tUm. APo \ivao
? H-cp ]m-m-Xy-\m-n- Pp-ap-A \-a-kv-I-cn-m I-gn-bm- ap-kv-en-an-s A-h--sb-m-Wv?
D-tZym-K-- Pp-ap-A- A-\p-a-Xn \-ev-Ip-n-.
$ H-cp A-ap-kv-enw \m-n-, am-en-In a-Zv-l-_\p-k-cn-v \m-ev-]-Xv t]-sc-n-epw Iq-sS-bp-m-hpAu-loZv

! 63 !

am-\y-hm-b-m-tcm-Sv
A-u-lo-Zn- {]-kn-o-I-cn-p- te-J\--fn-epw ^-Xv-hm-I-fn-ep-ap- B-i-b--
A-h-bp-sS I--m--fm-b ]-n-X-m-cp-tSXv am-{X-am-Wv.-A-Y-hm, am-kn-I-tm A-Xn-t\mSv B-`n-ap-Jyw ]p-e--p- {]-m-\-n-t\m
A-h-tbm-Sv Hu-tZym-Kn-I _--an-. hy-Xy-kvX hn-m-\--fpw ho--W--fpw am-\y-hmb-\-m-cp-sS {]-_p--am-b Nn-m-a--e-fn-te-v F-n-p- Zu-Xyw am-{X-am-Wv amkn-I \n--h-ln-p--Xv. A-h- X--fp-sS hnth-N-\-i-n D-]-tbm-Kn-v A-h-sb hn-e-bncp-m- am-{Xw D-Zv-_p--cm-sW-v ]-{Xw hniz-kn-p-p. _-lp-am-\y-cm-b F-gp-p-Im-cpsS-bpw hm-b-\-m-cp-sS-bpw A-`n-{]m-b--Nn-m
kzm-X-{y-s am-\n-p- A-u-lo-Zv kam-\-Nn-m-K-Xn-m-cm-b ]-n-X-m-cp-sS ho-W-hy-Xym-k-tm-Sv k-ln-jv-Wp-X ]p-e-p-p. Cu \-bw Xp-S-w ap-X--t am-knI hy--am-n-bn-p--Xm-Wv.
]-{Xm-[n-]-
P\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012

imkv{Xw

AUz. F DatImb

ssZh-\maw P]n-p ]d-hI

-
""\o Im-Wp-n-t? B-Im-i-fn-epw `q-an-bn-ep-ap--h-cpw Nn-d-Iv hn-Sn ]-d-p- ]-d-h-I-fpw \n--b-am-bpw A-m-lp-hns\ ]p-I-gv-n
hm-gv-p--Xv. \n--b-am-bpw Hm-tcm-pw A-Xn-s {]m--Y-\-bpw Io--\-hpw A-dn-p-I-gn-n-p-v. A-h- {]-h--n-p--sX-mw A-mlp A-dn-bp--h-\-s{X''

""hn

-n-s hn-cn-am-dn- ]-d-p ]-n-I-sf I-n-n-t? ho-Wpt]m-Im-sX A-h-sb B-Im-i-v ]nSn-p-\n-dp-p--Xv A-m-lp-h-m-sX
B-cp-a-'' (hn.Izp 16:76)
hn-jm-Z-hpw D-Xv-I-Wv-T-bp-an-m-sX
]m-dn--d-p- ]-d-h-I- {k-m-hns Io---\-- ]m-Snp-I-gv-nsm-v B-\--tm-sS D--kn-v
kw-Xr-]v-Xn-tbm-sS k-l-{k-\m-gn-II- ]n-n-Sp- Im-gv-N-I- \mw \ntXy-\ \n-co-n-v sIm-n-cn-p-pv. A-h-bp-sS B-lm-cw \n-t-]nAu-loZv

! 64 !

v sh- C-S--fn- sN-s-n a-Xn-h-cp-thm-fw

B-l-cn-mkz-Zn-v ho-pw B-Im-i-n-te-v Db-c-n- \n-v D-b-c--fn-te-v \m-Y-s\ kv-XpXn-p-sIm-pw hm-t\m-fw ]p-I-gv-n-sm pw
k--cn-p- Im-gv-N \-p-sS \-b-\--sf-tm-epw
]p-f-Iw sIm-n-p-p.
A-m-lp tNm-Zn-p-p: ""\o Im-Wp-n-t? BIm-i-fn-epw `q-an-bn-ep-ap--h-cpw Nn-d-Iv hn-S-n
]-d-p- ]-d-h-I-fpw \n--b-am-bpw A-m-lp-hns\
]p-I-gv-n hm-gv-p--Xv. \n--b-am-bpw Hm-tcm-pw
A-Xn-s {]m--Y-\-bpw Io---\-hpw A-dn-p-Ign-n-p-v. A-h- {]-h--n-p--sX-mw A-mlp A-dn-bp--h-\-s{X'' (hn.Izp 24:41)
P\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012

............................................................................

]-d-h-I--v A-m-lp \--In-b A-]m-c-am-b

_p-n-i-n-bpw I-gn-hpw hn-kv-a-b--fp-W--p
p. B-lm-cw ti-J-cn-p-hm-\pw C-W-tN-cm-\pwhw-i-h--[-\-bv-pw hn-Zq-c-Zn-p-I-fn-te-v hn-{i-aan-m-sX ]-d-p-I-bpw ]p-d-s- -e--fn- Xs Xn-cn-s-p-I-bpw sN-p- bm-Ym--Yyw B-cy-I-cw X-s-bm-Wv. A-h-b-psS th-K-hpw Zq-c
hpw B-[p-\n-I d-Um- D-]-tbm-Kn-v im-kv-{X-
m- I-s-n-bn-cn-p-p. Cu Zq-c-bm-{X-bn-
A-h-bp-sS D-d--hpw B-lm-c-hpw th-K-X-bpw F-s\ \n--h-ln--s-Sp-p? I-c-bn- N-en-p-Xn-t\-m- h-f-sc Iq-Sp-X- Du--Pw sN-e-hmIp-I hm-bp-hn- ]-d-p-tm-gm-Wv. A-tm- h-gnbn \n--m-sX 4000tam 5000tam In.ao-- ]d-p-Xn-\v kz-i-co-c-n-s ]-e C-c-n L-\w hcp- t]m-j-Ww ]-d-h-I--v F-n-s\ e-`n-p-p?
A-m-lp ]-d-bp-p: ""F-{X-sb-{X P-p--fpv. A-h A-h-bp-sS A--hpw Np-a-p \-S-p-n. A-m-lp-hm-Wv A-h-v \--Ip--Xv. \n--fpsS A--Zm-Xm-hv A-h- X-s.'' (hn.Izp 29:60)
""\n--bw A-m-lp X-s-bm-Wv A--Zm-b-I. A-P--am-b ]-c-a-i-n-bp-S-b-h-'' (hn.Izp 51:58)
a-\p-jy--v Nn-n-p-hm-\pw ]-Tn-p-hm-\p-ap [m-cm-fw ]m-T-- D--sm-p--h-bm-Wv {]kv-Xp-X kq---. Im-em-h- hy-Xn-bm-\-fn-epw sIm-Sp-m-n-s C-c--en-epw B-bn-c-am-bncw In-tem-ao--dp-I- k--cn-p-I-bpw, h- k-ap{Z---v ap-I-fn-eq-sS ]-d-v e-y-m-\w Is-p-p-sh--Xv ssZ-hw \--In-b A-]m-c-amb I-gn-hp-I-sf-bm-Wv kq-Nn-n-p--Xv. ]-e-tmgpw Cu bm-{X-I-fn-em-Wv hw-i-]-c--c-I-sf \n-e\n--p--Xpw, ]p-\-cm-h--n-p--Xpw. e-ym-\-t-v A-h-sb \-bn-p- {]-tNm-Z-\-hpw
am--K-Z--i-\-hpw F-hn-sS \n-p e-`n-p-p. am{X-hp-a-, hn-cn-p h-f--v `q-X-e-n-te-v h-cp Ip-p-- h-gn-sX-m-sX am-Xm-hn-s k-n[m-\-n-te-v Xn-cn-s-p-sa- A-p-X-I-c-amb kw-`-h---t]m-epw tc-J-s-Sp-n-bn-p-v.
F-m h-kv-Xp---pw A-Xn-s kr-n-v \-Ip-I-bpw A-\--cw am--K-Z--i-\w \--Ip-I-bpw
sN-bv-X-h-\m-Ip-p A-m-lp. (hn.Izp 20:50)
a-Wn-q-dn- 250 In-tem-ao-- ap-X- 300 In.ao- h-sc th-K-X-bn- ]-d-p-hm- I-gn-hp- ]n-I-sf-tm-epw C-v I-s-n-bn-cn-p-p. s]dn-{Ko- ^m--I- F- {]m-n-Sn-b- ]-n aWn-q-dn- 250 In.-ao---h-sc ]-d-p-hm- km-[np-a-s{X. kv-ss]- sS-bn--Uv kzn-^v-v F--dnb-s-Sp- ]-n-bm-Wv A-dn-b-s- th-K-X-bn-
G--hpw ap-]-. a-Wn-q-dn- 322 In.-ao-- thK-X-bn- k--cn-p-p. io-X-Im-e--fn- 5000
In.-ao---h-sc ]-d-v hm-k--e--fn--\n-v amdn-m-a-kn-p- ]-n-I-fp-ap-v. P-m-\n- h-knp- Im-]n- l-Uv ho-n. P-m-\n- Iq-Sv sIAu-loZv

! 65 !

]-d-h-I--v A-m-lp \--In-b A]m-c-am-b _p-n-i-n-bpw I-gn-hpw

hn-kv-a-b--fp-W--p p. B-lmcw ti-Jc
- n-p-hm-\pw C-Wt- N-cm-\pwhw-ih
-
- [
- \
- b
-
v- pw hn-Zq-cZ- n-p-If
- nte-v hn-{i-aa
- n-m-sX ]-d
- p-Ib
- pw
]p-d-s- -e--fn- X-s Xn-cns-p-Ib
- pw sN-p- bm-Ym-Y
- yw
B--cy-I-cw X-s-bm-Wv. A-h-bpsS th-K-hpw Zq-c hpw B-[p-\n-I dUm- D-]t- bm-Kn-v im-kv{- X- m I-s-n-bn-cn-p-p.
............................................................................

n hn-cn-n- ti-jw io-X-Im-ew I-gn-m- B-kvt{X-en-b-bn-epw Sm-kv-am-\n-bbn-epw t]m-bn ]m-p-hm- 5000 In.-ao-- ]-d-p-p. H-cn-S-pw \n-m-sX X-s e-y-m-\-s-p-p. Nn-e
I-gp-I-m- a-Wn-q-dn- 50 ap-X- 70 In.-ao-- ]d-p-tm-gpw C-c-I-sf Zq-sc-\n-pw I-s-n ]nSn-p-p. Nn-e Xm-dm-hp-I- t]m-epw 80 In.ao--
ap-X- 100 In.ao-- h-sc ]-d-m-dp-v. ]-e ]-nI-fpw 4000 ap-X- 8700 ao-- D-b-c-n- h-sc
tZ-im--c ]-d-- \n--h-ln-m-dp-v. Nn-e ]-nI- ln-am-e-b-n-s D-b-- ]--h-X-\n-c-I- IS-v ]-d-p-p-sh--Xv hn-kv-a-b-am-b Im-gv-N-bmWv. (A-ta-cn-- tKm--U
-- t]m--h-) F- ]n t\m-hm-kv-tIm-jn-bm-bn--\n-v sX-s Ata-cn--bn-te-p- bm-{X-bn- 4000 In.ao-- Zqcw 45 a-Wn-q- Xp-S---bm-bn F-pw hn-{i-anm-sX ]-d-p-p. Z en-n- n- v F- ]-n
h-S-p-In-g-- bq-tdm-n--\n-pw ssk-_o-cn-bmbn--\n-pw B-K-kv-Xv B-Zy-n- C-y-bn- Fn-bm- \m-em-gv-N I-gn-m- A-Xn-s a-S-bm-{X-bm-bn. H-cp-X-cw sh--sm-v P--a-\n-bn-
\n-v _n-m-\n-b- h-sc 7000 In.ao-- ]-d-sn-b-Xm-bn tc-J-bp-v. tam-kv-tIm k-ao-]w A-Sbm-f-s-Sp-n-b {Ko--km-v ss]-- ]-n-sb tIc-f-n- \n-v I-s-n-bn-p-v. tZ-im--c ]n-I-fn- B--n-Iv tS- C-W tN--v {]-P-\\w \-S-p--Xv D--c-{[p-h-{]-tZ-i-n-se em-nyq-Uv 820 t\m--n-em-Wv. ]n-o-Sv Z-n-W{Zp-hn-se 740 ku-n-te-v 17600 In.ao-- Zq-cw
A-h ]-d-p-p. Im-em-h-m hy-Xn-bm-\-- kw`-hn-p-tm-gp-m-Ip- am-- Iq-Sn I-W-nse-Sp-m- h-S-tm-pw sX-tm-p-ap- A-Xns bm-{X 48000 In.ao-- ap-X- 64000 In.ao--
h-sc-bm-Wv.
_m- sS-bn--Uv tKm-Uv hn-v F- ]-n-v
P\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012

\n--m-sX 10200 In.ao-- ]-d-p-hm- km-[np-a-s{X. F-m- G--hpw A-p-X-I-c-hpw c-kI-c-hp-am-b Im-cyw Cu bm-{X-bn- A-h D-d-pp-sh--Xm-Wv. kzn-^v-v F- ]-n-v bm-{X-bn-\n-{Zm-a-b-w km-[y-am-sW-v hn-iz-kn--s-Spp. d-Um- \n-co--W--fn- \n-pw a-\-n-emhp--Xv ]q--h-Zn-n-te-p- bm-{X-bn- Im-n-s
K-Xn--\p-kr-X-am-bn Xn-cn-p-bm-{X sN-p-p.
Cu bm-{X-bn- A-h-bp-sS X-e-tm-dn-s A--[`m-Kw \n-{Z-bn- hn-{i-an-p-p. (hn-am-\-bm-{X-bn ss]-e-v a-b-p--Xpw hn-am-\w I-yq-- \nb-{-W---v hn-t[-b-am-n-bm-Wv)
""X---p-ao-sX Nn-d-Iv hn-S--n-bpw Np-cp-nbpw ]-d-p- ]-d-h-I-sf A-h- Im-Wp-n-t-tbm?
I-cp-Wm-a-b-\m-b ssZ-h-a-m-Xm-cpw A-h-sb ]n-Snp-\n--p-n-. A-h- F-mw ho-n-p--h-\tm?'' (hn.Izp 67:19)
A-m-lp-hn-s B-kq-{X-W-n-epw \n-b-{-Wn-epw kw-c--W-n-epw k--h-N-cm-N-c--fpw
N-en-p--Xpw B-l-cn-p--Xpw D-d-p--Xpw Bh-iy-- ]q--o-I-cn-p--Xpw A-m-lp-hm-Wv.
]-d-h-I--v ]-d-m-\p- ssh-Z-Kv-[yw \--In-bXv, B-lm-cw tX-Sp-hm-\p- am--K-Z--i-\w \-In-b-Xv, ]-d-m- tbm-Ky-am-b L-S-\ \--In-b-Xv
F-mw A-m-lp. `q-an-bn-ep- G-Xv P-p-hpw cv Nn-d-Ip-I--sIm-v ]-d-p- G-sXm-cp ]-nbpw \n--sf-tm-se-bp- k-aq-l-- am-{X-amIp-p. {K--n- \mw bm-sXm-cp ho-gv-N-bpw hcp-n-bn-n-. (hn.-Izp. 6:36)
\-_n(-kz) ]-d-bp-p: \n-- b-Ym--Y `-c-ta-]n-- B-{i-bn-p-p-sh-n- A-h- \n--v B-lm-cw \--Ip-am-bn-cp-p; A-h- ]-d-hI--v B-lm-cw \--Ip--Xp-t]m-se. A-h cmhn-se Iq-Sp-I-fn- \n-v hn-i-tm-sS ]p-d-p-h-cpp. km-bm-lv-\-th-f-bn- h-b- \n-d-v Iq-Sp-I-fnte-v-a-S-n-h-cp-p. Ip-p---v th--Xv tiJ-cn-v sIm-p-h-cp-p. (Xn.-P)
k-I-e-h-kv-Xp--sf-bpw kr-jv-Sn-p-I-bpw Ah-bv-v Ir-Xy-am-b ]-cn-Wm-aw \n--bn-p-I-bpw
sN-bv-X-h-\m-Wv A-m-lp. (hn.Izp 25:12). {]-]-n-se k-I-e h-kv-Xp---pw A-kv-Xn-Xzw \-Ip-I am-{X-a- Hm-tcmh-kv-Xp-hn-\pw A-Xn-s cq]-hpw P-U-hpw i-n-bpw I-gn-hp-I-fpw Kp-W-hnti-j--fpw B-lm-c-n-\p- am--K-hpw I--a-fpw I--a-am--K--fpw \n-e-\n-ev-]n-s Im-e-hpw hf--bp-sS-bpw hn-Im-k
-- n-s-bpw L---fpw IWn-i-am-bpw Ir-Xy-am-bpw tc-Js
- -Sp-n-bn-cn-pp.
]-e ]-n-I-fpw ]-d-p--Xn-\v ap]v Hm-Sn-bXn-\v ti-j-am-Wv s]m-p--Xv. hn-am-\--fpw ]-dp--Xn-\v ap-]v d--th-bn-eq-sS k--cn--Xn\pti-j-am-Wv D-b-cp--Xv. Nn-e ]-n-I- sh--n\v ap-I-fn-em-bn t\-cn-v h-n-d-p-p. I-c-bn-epw
sh--n-epw H-tc-t]m-se C-d-p-hm- kw-hn-[mAu-loZv

! 66 !

\--fp- B-[p-\n-I hn-am-\-- ]-co--W-L--fn-em-Wv.

]-d-h-I-fn--\n-v a-\p-jy--v ]-e-X-cw {]-tbmP-\--fpw e-`n-p-p. {]m-No-\ Im-e--fn- kt-i-hm-l-I-cm-bn ]-d-h-I-sf D-]-tbm-Kn-n-cp-p.
{]-hm-N-I-\m-b kp-sse-am-\-_n-bp-sS k-Z-n-
]-d-h-I-fp-sS ssk-\y-- X-s-bp-m-bn-cp-Xm-bn N-cn-{Xw tc-J-s-Sp-n-bn-cn-p-p. _no-kv cm-n-bp-sS sIm-m-c-n-te-v lp-Zv-lpZv ]-n-sb Np-a-X-e-s-Sp-n-b-Xpw kp-sse-am-
\-_n-bp-sS k-t-iw sIm-m-c-n- F-n-p-sImSp- kw-`-h-_-lp-e-am-b I-Y-I- Izp--B-\n-
hni-Zo-I-cnn-p-v. B-[p-\n-I Im-e-L---fn-epw
]-n-I-sf th--bm-Sp-hm-\pw Nm-c-{]-h---\-n\pw a-pw D-]-tbm-Kn-p-h-cp-p-v.
h-f--p-]-n-I-sf ]-e-tm-gpw a-\p-jy- Blm-c-n-\v D-]-tbm-Kn-p-p. A-Xn-s ap--bpw
amw-k-hpw \mw \n-tXy-\-sb-tm-Ww D-]-tbm-Knp-p-ap-v. tem-I-n- hn-hn-[ X-c-n-ep-
[m-cm-fw ]-d-h-I-fp-s-n-epw b-Ym--Y-am-b I-Wp-I-sf-p-dn-tm hn-hn-[-X-cw ]-n-I-sf-p-dntm ]-T-\-- \-S-p-p-s-n-epw C-t-h-sc
Ir-Xy-am-b I-W-p-I- B--pw Xo--p-]-d-bphm- km-[n-n-n-.
F-m ]-n-I--pw k-a-b-t_m-[-hpw A-]mc-am-b Hm--a-i-n-bp-ap-s- Im-cyw ]-n-\n-co-I--v t_m-[y-am-b-Xm-Wv. Ir-Xy-k-a-b-v Dd-p-I-bpw D-W-cp-I-bpw sN-p-p. \-p-sS hon- h-f--p- ]q-h--tIm-gn-I- {]-`m-X-n-
hn-fn-p-W--p--Xv \-ap-v kp-]-cn-Nn-X-am-Wv.
cm-{Xn-bpw ]-I-epw H-cp-t]m-se thym-a-k-mcw \-S-p-hm- ]-n-I--v I-gn-bpw. kq-cy-s\bpw \--{X--sf-bpw B-{i-bn-m-Wv tZ-im-S-\w
\-S-p--Xv. A-h-bp-sS i-co-c-n- A-p-X-I-cam-b kq-- I-yq-- {]-h--n-p-p F-v \mw
a-\-n-em--Ww. Zn-i A-ev-]wt]mepw sX-m-sX
K-Xn \n-b-{n-p- kq-- I-yq-- ]-n-I-v h-gn I-p-]n-Sn-p--Xn-\pw -ew \n-W-bn-

P\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012

.............................................................................

a-e-I-, ]p-g-I-, I-S--o-c-- ap-Xem-b-h Xm-n k--cn-p- ]-n-I-v `q-an-bp-sS Im-n-I-i-n {K-ln-p-hm\p- I-gn-hp-s-m-Wv ]-d-b-s-Sp--Xv.
{[p-h
- f
- n-\n-v `q-a[
- y-tc-Jb
- n-te-p-
h-gn-bn- `q-an-bp-sS Im--i-nbn-ep-mIp- hy-Xym-k---v H-cp Ir-Xy-X-bpv. ]-n-I-fp-sS i-co-c-n-se G-tXm Hcp A-h-b-h-n-\v Cu hy-Xym-k-- {Kln-p-hm- I-gn-bp-sa-m-Wv hm-Zw.
.............................................................................
p--Xn-\pw km-[n-p-p.
a-e-I-, ]p-g-I-, I-S--o-c-- ap-X-em-bh Xm-n k--cn-p- ]-n-I--v `q-an-bp-sS
Im-n-I-i-n {K-ln-p-hm-\p- I-gn-hp-s-mWv ]-d-b-s-Sp--Xv. {[p-h--fn-\n-v `q-a-[y-tcJ-bn-te-p- h-gn-bn- `q-an-bp-sS Im--i-nbnep-m-Ip- hy-Xym-k---v H-cp Ir-Xy-X-bp-v.
]-n-I-fp-sS i-co-c-n-se G-tXm H-cp A-h-b-hn-\v Cu hy-Xym-k-- {K-ln-p-hm- I-gn-bpsa-m-Wv hm-Zw. Im-n-s K-Xn-bpw i-n-bpw Adn-p-th-Ww ]-d--en-s Zn-i-bpw th-K-X-bpw
k-a-b-hp-sa-mw {I-a-s-Sp-m-. A-h-km-\-am-bn
Nn-e e-y-m-\-s-n-bm- A-m-cyw I-dn-bp-hm-\pw I-gn-b-Ww.
]-n-I- F--s\-bm-Wv C-sX-mw I-s-p-Xv. ssZ-h-n-s i--am-b \n-b-{-W-n-emWv C-sX-mw N-en-p--Xv. ]-e-X-cw ]-n-I-fpw
X--fp-sS kz-tZ-iw hn-v A-t\-Im-bn-cw In-temao- A-I-se-bp- -e--fn- F-n F-hn-sSbm-Wv i-c-Xv-Im-ew I-gn-p-Iq-p--Xv. Nn-m-i-nbn-m- \n-m-c-Po-hn-I- `q-]-S--fp-sS-tbm hS-p-t\m-n-b-{--fp-sS-tbm k-lm-b-an-m-sX
hn-im-e-am-b `q-J---fn- k-ap-{Z--fpw Xm-n
e-y--e--fn- F-p-p-sh--Xv \-ap-v Nnn-p-hm- I-gn-bm- hn-kv-a-b-I-c-am-b Im-cy-fm-Wv.
]-n-hn-Rv-Pm-\n-I-fn- Ip-e-]-Xn-bm-b tUm.
k-eow A-en t_mw-s_-bn-ep- X-s ho-p-h-fn- h-n-cp- H-cp h-gn-Ip-ep-n ]-n-bp-sS Imen- H-cp A-eq-an-\n-bpw h-e-bw L-Sn-n-v, \m-eph--jw Xp-S---bm-bn F-m i-c-Xv Im-e--fn-epw
B ]-n A-tX h-f-n- hn-cp-p-h-n-cp--Xmbn A-t-lw I-p-]n-Sn-p. B-[p-\n-I Im-e-v
]-n-I-fp-sS tZ-im-S-\-s-p-dn-v [m-cm-fw K-thj- W - - \- S - p- s Im- n- c n- p- p- v . kv - t Im
tlmw Zzo-]n-se Iq-n--\n-v ]n-Sn-Iq-Sn hn-am-\-am-Kw sh-\o-kn- sIm-p-t]m-bn hn- H-cp am--Ivkv jn-b--hm-- F- ]-n 14 Zn-h-kw-sIm-v
A-Xn-s ho-n- Xn-cn-s-n. sh-\o-kn- \n-v
Au-loZv

! 67 !

Ip-dp-sI h-m- kv-tIm-tlm-an-te-v 1490 In.-ao- Zq-c-ta-bp-q. F-n-epw jn-b--hm-- H-cp I-S-]-n-bm-bn-cp--Xn-\m- k-ap-{Z-n-\p ap-I-fn-eqsS ]-d-m-\m-Wv km-[y-X. A-n-s\-bm-sW-n 14 Zn-h-kw-sIm-v 5920 In.-ao-- Zq-cw ]-d-ncn--Ww.
a-\p-jy- ]-n-I-sf amw-k-n-\pw ap--bv-pw
th-n h-f--m-dp-v. ]-e ]-n-I-fp-sS-bpw IqSp-\n--am-W-hpw A-p-X-I-c-am-Wv. hn-hn-[ X-c-nep- Iq-Sp-I-fm-Wv C-h \n--an-p--Xv. ]mw kzn^v-v F- H-cp ]-n kz-w D-an-\o-cm-Wv Iq-Sp-\n-am-W-n-\v ]-i-bm-bn D-]-tbm-Kn-p--Xv. Nn-e
]-n-I-fp-sS Iq-Sp-I- ssN-\-m- kq-p-m-phm- D-]-tbm-Kn-p-p-v.
]-e ]-n-I-fpw ]-e-tm-gpw Iq--am-bn-m-Wv ]d-p--Xv. C-h ]-d-p- C-S--fn- kq-cy-s\ ad-v A--Im-c-am-bn Xo-- kw-`-h-- D-mbn-p-v. ]m-k-- ]n-Pn-b- F- ]-n-bp-sS
Iq--- h-S-s A-ta-cn--bp-sS Nn-e {]-tZ-i-fn-eq-sS ]-d-p-t]m-Ip-tm- a-Wn-q-dp-I-tfmfw kq-cy-{K-l-W-k-a-b-p-m-Ip--Xp-t]m-se-bp C-cp-v hym-]n--Xm-bn ]-n-\n-co--I- dn-tm-v sN-bv-Xn-p-v.
]-n-I-fp-sS Iq-Sv \n--am-W-hpw A-p-X-I-cam-Wv. hn-hn-[-X-cw ]-n-I- hn-hn-[-X-c-n-ep-
Iq-Sp-I-fm-Wv \n--an-p--Xv. hn-hn-[ X-c-n-ep-
h-kv-Xp--fm-Wv Iq-Sp \n--am-W-n-\p-]-tbm-Kn-p-Xv. Hm-tcm Iq-Sn-s-bpw B-Ir-Xn-bpw cq-]-hpw
`w-Kn-bpw hy-Xy-kv-X--fm-Wv.
F-m ]-n-I-fpw Iq-Sp-\n--am-W-n-\v D-]-tbmKn-p--Xv X-s sIm-pw Im-ep-I-fp-am-Wv. P-kn--hm-k-\-bm-Wv A-Xn-s\ \n-e-\n--p--Xv. ]n-I-fp-sS `m-j a-\p-jy--v kp-]-cn-Nn-X-a-s-nepw \-p-sS-bn-S-bn- kw-km-cn-p- X--I-sfbpw ssa-\-I-sf-bpw Im-Wmw. F-m- C-h km[m-c-W ]-Tn-n-p-sIm-Sp-p- c-tm aq-tm hmp-I-f-m-sX D--cn-m-dn-. ]-n-I-fp-sS `m-j
a-\-n-em-p-hm- I-gn- Zm-hq-Zv \-_n(-A)-bpsS N-cn-{Xw Izp--B-\n- D-v. A-h A-t-l-tmsSm-w k-o---\-- B-e-]n-n-cp--Xm-bn tcJ-s-Sp-n-bn-cn-p-p.
Zm-hq-Zn-s Iq-sS k-o---\w sN-p- ]-h-X--sf-bpw ]-d-h-I-sf-bpw Io-gv-s-Sp-n-smSp-p.(hn.-Izp.21:79). \mw ]--h-X--sf A-t-ln-s Iq-sS hn-t[-b-am-n-bn-cn-p-p. A--s\
cm-hn-se-bpw ssh-In-pw A-h A-t-l-tm-sSmw k-o---\w sN-m-dp-m-bn-cp-p. ]-d-h-Isf-bpw Iq--tm-sS A-Zv-t-l-n-\v hn-t[-b-amn. H-s-bpw A-h-s k-o---\-n- \na-cm-bn-cp-p. (hn.Izp 38:18)
]-d-h-I- ssZ-h-Io---\-- {]-hm-N-I-\m-b
Zm-hq-Zv \-_n(-A)-bp-sS km-n-[y-n- B-e-]nm-dp-m-bn-cp-p. ]-n-I- X-n- B-i-b-hnP\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012

\n-a-bw sN-p- i-_v-Z-- Hm-tcm-pw hn-`n--fm-Wv. ]-e-X-cw ]-n-I- ]-e-X-cw cq-]-nepw `m-h-n-ep-am-Wv B-i-b-hn-\n-a-bw \-S-p-Xv. i-{Xp--fp-sS km-n-[yw D-m-Ip-tm- Ipp--sf kw-c-n-p-hm- C-h {]-tXy-Iw i_v-Z-- ]p-d-s-Sp-hn-p-p. Hm-tcm Pm-Xn ]-npw A-Xn-s-Xm-b `m-j-bp-s-pw Hm-tcm ]n-bpw B-h-iy-- \n-d-th-p-hm- th- i-_vZm-h-en B `m-j-bn- D-s- ssZ-hw F-m Poh-Pm-e---pw B-i-b-hn-\n-a-bw \-S-p-hm-\pw
ssZ-hn-I Io---\w B-e-]n-p-hm- ss\-k--KnI-am-b I-gn-hp-I- \--In-bn-p--Xm-Wv. tIm--hn ]-n-I- ]p-d-s-Sp-hn-p- i-_v-Zw ssZ-h\m-a-am-b A-m-lv F-m-Wv. C-cp-`m-K-pw X-eXn-cn-pw-sIm-v G-gp-X-h-W B-h--n-p-p.
A--]w amw-k-hpw Xq-h-ep-I-fpw s]m--bm-b
i-co-c-hp-ap- H-cp sIm-p-Po-hn-bp-sS ss\-k--KnI-am-b I-gn-hp-I-fpw B-kq-{X-W--fpw hw-i-h-[-\-bpw {]m--Y-\-bpw Io---\--fpw {k-jv-Sm-hns kr-jv-Sn ssh-`-h-s-bpw a-l-Xz-s-bpw {]Xn-\n-[m-\w sN-p-p.
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A-n-Iq-S--, izm-k-tIm-i-tm-Sv _--sv In-S-p- hm-bp A-d-I- X-e-tbm-n-se An-I- Iq-Sn-t--v In-S-p--h-bm-Wv. a-p-Pohn-I-fn- Im-Wp--Xp-t]m-se Iq-n-t---s--hb-. Hm--_n-p-I- ]-e-Xpw A-n-I- aq-ew th-Xn-cn--h-bm-Wv. \-s-n-\v I-gp-v, s\-v, C-Spv Xp-S-n-b `m-K--fn-sem-s I-gp-n--\n-v
{]-tXy-I X-c-n-ep- h-f-bp- I-ti-cp--fpw ImW-s-Sp-p-v. ]-t s\-n-se B-Zy-`m-K-v
N-e-\-ti-jn Ip-d--Xpw N-e-\-ti-jn C-m-Au-loZv

! 68 !

Xp-am-b I-ti-cp--fpw Im-W-s-Sp-p-v. A-h-km\-s G-Xm-\pw I-ti-cp-- C-Sp-s-p-am-bn IqSn-t--n-cn-p-p. A--s\ H-cp knw-tk-{Iw cq]-s-n-cn-p-I-bm-Wv. ]-n-I- ]n--`m-K-s Iti-cp--fpw A-n-I-fpw Iq-n tbm-Pn-v C-f-an-m-Xm-n A-hn-sS ]-d-p-hm- B-h-iy-am-b akn-ep-I- L-Sn-n--s-n-cn-p-I-bm-Wv. ]-d-phm- I-gn-bm- ]-n-I-fn- H-gn-sI C--s\-bmWv L-S-\. ap--Im-ep-I- Nn-d-Ip-I-fm-bn cq-]m-c-s-Sp-n-bn-cn-p-p.
Nn-e tZ-im-S-\-n-I- kz-w i-co-c-n-se
`m-K--fn- \n-pw D-Zm-l-c-W-am-bn Ip-S-en--\npw t{]m-o-\p-I- D-]-tbm-K-s-Sp-m-hp- X-cn- cq-]m--cw {]-I-Sn-n-n-p-v. A-s\-bmWv A-[n-I-am-b Du--Pw kw-`-cn-p--Xv.
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A-n-I-fn-se hm-bp k-n-I-fn- \n-d-bp-p. _mn 25% am-{Xw izm-k-tIm-i--fn- F-p-p.
A-s\ ]-n-I-fp-sS izm-k-tIm-i--fn- izmk-sa-Sp-p-tm-gpw D-Oz-kn-p-tm-gpw ip--hmbp \n-d-bp-p.
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hn-ti-j-- C-W-tN-c-, Iq-Sp-\n--am-Ww F-o
Im-cy--sf \n-b-{n-p-p. an- ]-n-I--pw
{Lm-W-i-n h-f-sc Ip-d-hm-Wv. Io-hn-bn- Cu
i-n {]-I-S-am-bn h--[n-p-Im-Wp-p.
]-n-I-fn- Im-gv-N-i-n {]-I-S-am-bn h--[np-Im-Wp-p. P-e-]-n-I-fn- h-f-bp- se--kpI- Im-W-s-Sp-p-v. C-Xv I-c-bn-epw sh--nepw D-]-tbm-Kn-p-hm- ]-cym-]v-X-am-b \n-e-bn-emWv. ]-n-I- sS-{S-t{Im-am-n-Iv B-Wv. A--{Sm-hb-e-v c-iv-an-I-fpw ]-, Np-I-v, \o-e \n-d--fn-ep c-iv-an-I-fpw {]-Xn-I-c-W-ti-jn-bp- I-p-Ifp-am-Wv. C-h-sb A--{Sm-h-b-e-v c-iv-an-I-sf kzoI-cn-p-hm- ]-cym-]v-X-cm-p-p.
C-W tN-cp- k-a-b--fn- C-Xv h-f-sc klm-b-I-am-Wv. ]-e ]-n-I-fn-epw A-Xn-a-t\m-l-cam-b \n-d--fp- Xq-h-ep-I-ep-m-Ipw. a-\p-jy-t\{X---v tKm-N-c-a-m- C--cw \n-d-- A-{Sm-h-b-e-v c-iv-an-I-fp-sS {]-Xn-^-e-\-n-eq-sS ]n-I--v enw-K-t`-Zw Xn-cn--dn-bp-hm- I-gn-bpp. q-Sn--kv F- h--K-n-se B--]-n-Ifn- A--{Sm-h-b-e-v c-iv-an-I- {]-Xn-^-en-p-
A-Xn-a-t\m-l-c-am-b `m-K-- Im-W-s-Sp-p. CW tN-cp--Xn-\p-ap-m-bn I-gp-n-se A-Xn-a-t\ml-c-am-b Xq-h-ep-I- D-b--n-n-Sn-v B--]-nI- s]--]-n-I-sf B-I--jn-p-p.
#
P\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012

Unique
Umar Thayyil, Mankada

A Rare Copy of the Qur'an

Qur'an as the Book of God, has been
receiving sanctity and utmost card by believers since the time of the prophet
Mohammed (PBUH) Qur'an impressions
are made in different letters and size using
different materials.
There are Qur'an impressions big in size
while some others are tiny. In some copies,
you can see pages a length of one meter,
while in some others, page length is as short
as one centimeter.
One of these Qur'an copies having a
length 1.5 cm and width 1 cm is preserved
by me and I am very proud of possessing
this rare copy of Holy Qur'an which was
collected, rather " conquered" from the International Book Festival in Sharjah while
on a mission to the gulf countries in 1999
representing Muslim Educational Society,
Kerala.
The copy is in excellent condition, which
can be read with the help of a magnifying
glass only.
The back cover is made of leather decorated with Islamic art in pink colour. Its pages
are made of leaves and the writing inside
boardered. The copy has a specific content
too.
Typical calligraphy called "Turabi" in
Arabic, which is the most minute Arabic Calligraphy is used. The Calligraphers use cats'
fur for such writings.
During their journey, Muslims used to
Au-loZv

! 69 !

carry such small Mushafs (copies of Holy

Qur'an) for memorising it and to have His blessing.
They also used to place them on top of Flags
during battles and also on Flags raised during
processions and marriage ceremonies in Muslim Countries, in old times.
The famous Al-Hussein Mosque in Cairo
(Egypt) has one of the oldest and biggest size of
Qur'an copies made of leather which weights
about 50 kg. It is 80 cms long, 60 cm wide and
70 cms high, (Late Prof. Hamza Thayyil,
Mankada had witnessed the same on his visit to
Cairo as leader of Indian Delegation on world
Population Project)
It is believed to have been prepared during
the reign of Caliph Usman-Bin-Affan, The copy
does not have "muddh" or elongation marks and
other symbols to note established rules of pronunciation and intonation making it difficult to
read. The handwriting is so big that it spreads
over 1400 pages of gazelle letters. The copy is
preserved safely in the college of Antiquities at
Cairo University in very good condition.
P\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012

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Au-loZv

! 70 !

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P\p-hcn s^{_p-hcn 2012