REFERENCE PAGES

Trigonometry
Angle Measurement

Fundamental Identities

p radians 1808
18

p
rad
180

1 rad

1808
p

su in radiansd

Right Angle Trigonometry

cos u
tan u

opp
hyp

csc u

adj
hyp

sec u

opp
adj

cot u

1
sin u

sec u

1
cos u

tan u

sin u
cos u

cot u

cos u
sin u

cot u

1
tan u

sin 2u 1 cos 2u 1

s ru

sin u

csc u

hyp
opp

hyp

hyp
adj

opp

adj

adj
opp

1 1 tan 2u sec 2u

1 1 cot 2u csc 2u

sins2ud 2sin u

coss2ud cos u

tans2ud 2tan u

sin

p
2 u cos u
2

S D

tan

p
2 u cot u
2

cos

S D
S D

p
2 u sin u
2

Trigonometric Functions
sin u

y
r

csc u

r
y

cos u

x
r

sec u

r
x

tan u

y
x

cot u

x
y

sin A
sin B
sin C

a
b
c

(x,y)

C
c

The Law of Cosines

b 2 a 2 1 c 2 2 2ac cos B
y

c 2 a 2 1 b 2 2 2ab cos C

y=tanx

y=cosx

a 2 b 2 1 c 2 2 2bc cos A

y
y=sinx

Graphs of Trigonometric Functions

y

The Law of Sines

Addition and Subtraction Formulas

2
x

_1

2 x

sinsx 1 yd sin x cos y 1 cos x sin y

sinsx 2 yd sin x cos y 2 cos x sin y

_1

cossx 1 yd cos x cos y 2 sin x sin y

y

y=cscx

y=secx

cossx 2 yd cos x cos y 1 sin x sin y

y=cotx

2 x

2 x

2 x

tansx 1 yd

tan x 1 tan y
1 2 tan x tan y

tansx 2 yd

tan x 2 tan y
1 1 tan x tan y

_1

_1

Double-Angle Formulas
sin 2x 2 sin x cos x

Trigonometric Functions of Important Angles

cos 2x cos 2x 2 sin 2x 2 cos 2x 2 1 1 2 2 sin 2x

radians

sin u

cos u

tan u

08
308
458
608
908

0
py6
py4
py3
py2

0
1y2
s2y2
s3y2
1

1
s3y2
s2y2
1y2
0

0
s3y3
1
s3

tan 2x

2 tan x
1 2 tan2x

Half-Angle Formulas
sin 2x

1 2 cos 2x
2

cos 2x

1 1 cos 2x
2

REFERENCE PAGES

Differentiation Rules
General Formulas
1.

d
scd 0
dx

2.

d
fcf sxdg c f 9sxd
dx

3.

d
f f sxd 1 tsxdg f 9sxd 1 t9sxd
dx

4.

d
f f sxd 2 tsxdg f 9sxd 2 t9sxd
dx

5.

d
f f sxdtsxdg f sxdt9sxd 1 tsxdf 9sxd (Product Rule)
dx

6.

d
dx

7.

d
f s tsxdd f 9s tsxddt9sxd (Chain Rule)
dx

8.

d
sx n d nx n21 (Power Rule)
dx

F G
f sxd
tsxd

tsxdf 9sxd 2 f sxdt9sxd

f tsxdg 2

(Quotient Rule)

Exponential and Logarithmic Functions

9.

d
se x d e x
dx

10.

d
sa x d a x ln a
dx

11.

d
1
ln x
dx
x

12.

1
d
slog a xd
dx
x ln a

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Trigonometric Functions
13.

d
ssin xd cos x
dx

14.

d
scos xd 2sin x
dx

15.

d
stan xd sec 2x
dx

16.

d
scsc xd 2csc x cot x
dx

17.

d
ssec xd sec x tan x
dx

18.

d
scot xd 2csc 2x
dx

Inverse Trigonometric Functions

19.

d
1
ssin21xd
dx
s1 2 x 2

20.

d
1
scos21xd 2
dx
s1 2 x 2

21.

d
1
stan21xd
dx
1 1 x2

22.

d
1
scsc21xd 2
dx
x sx 2 2 1

23.

d
1
ssec21xd
dx
x sx 2 2 1

24.

1
d
scot21xd 2
dx
1 1 x2

Hyperbolic Functions
25.

d
ssinh xd cosh x
dx

26.

d
scosh xd sinh x
dx

27.

d
stanh xd sech 2x
dx

28.

d
scsch xd 2csch x coth x
dx

29.

d
ssech xd 2sech x tanh x
dx

30.

d
scoth xd 2csch 2x
dx

Inverse Hyperbolic Functions

31.

d
1
ssinh21xd
dx
s1 1 x 2

32.

d
1
scosh21xd
dx
sx 2 2 1

33.

d
1
stanh21xd
dx
1 2 x2

34.

d
1
scsch21xd 2
dx
x sx 2 1 1

35.

1
d
ssech21xd 2
dx
x s1 2 x 2

36.

d
1
scoth21xd
dx
1 2 x2

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