Equation of State for

Non Ideal or Real Gases

Virial Equation of State
Cubic Equation of State
(Van der Waals and Soave Redlich
Kwong Equation)

Virial Equation of State

Ideal Gas
Law

B, C, D. are second, third and fourth

virial coefficient.
B, C, D. are functions of temperature
alone. Can be determined experimentally
or theoretically from statistical
thermodynamics

Calculation Procedure with Virial

Equation of State
If we use truncated equation

Solving for P or V.

Van der Waals (cubic) Equation of State

Critical isotherm of a pure substance

has an inflection point at the critical
state.

a accounts for molecular interactions

and b accounts for vol occupied by
molecules

Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK) Equation of

State (cubic)

a, b and are empirical functions of system T, TC

and PC and

Propane at 423 K and 70 atm=> V = 0.2579 L/mol (experimental)

SRK estimate: V = 0.2890 L/mol (12 % error)
Ideal gas law: V = 0.4959 L/mol (92 % error)

Benedict-Webb-Rubin Equation (Virial

Equation)

Solving for P or V.; initial guess ??

Compressibility Factor (Z)

Z = f(T,P and specie)

Znitrogen(273K, 100 atm) = 0.9848;
ZCO2 = 0.2020

Generalized Compressibility Chart

Procedure for using generalized

compressibility charts
1. Find critical Temp and Pressure
2. If gas is He or H2 use correction factor for
critical state:

3. Calculate reduced values ( T and P or V and P

or T and V)

Non Ideal Gas Mixtures (Kays Rule)

Gas mixture of Gases A, B, C . with
mole fractions yA, yB, .
Pseudocritical temp and pressure

Pseudoreduced temp and pressure

Exam copy
Batch T1 and T2 (5:45 pm 6:30 pm)
Batch T3 and T4 (6:30 pm 7:30 pm)