Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Pimenov Zadachi
Pimenov Zadachi
!
" # $# %&'( # !) % $&%*+ %(
$, ( *+ $( % +
&% '%* $&,& $&%( & $&* &
&* ' ( $* $& &- % # $#
&& % ., !., & ,
/0+ & & +
!
@
?
)
F
!
!
!
! !
! @
!
! ?
$
%&
E
F
!
!E
@
)
"#
)F
F!
FF
E@
?
?
8&%> #0 & & + %( %.
/ #( % D,&'
&* ((/( & ;%&' %
, $/ B &
&
# $# & ,, $*
$&$%( #0, & & +
" D %. ., !.
, & ;#& %&' *- !) % $ * &%
& &- &*+ $( % ,# &
* $(( %* + 7 $#(
(/ % $ & + ,
&*+ $&%* *+ #&+ %
5 5 7+
I D ; 6 J;#& % $ &
+ %( K D 6 " ;&# J;#& % $
+K 9 ; (> 4 8&+ I 5 =
4 H J;#& % $ +K ,
% ((/( &,* 6'%( ( #-,
$&, &, & &* $ / & '
( $* $& &- % 6, &&
$&'% , % ., !., & ,
& %( %( , '( $* %$
!" !# $ ! %"
r/qi
.
|r/qi |
L M
L M
L !M
z = z.
L @M
z = r cos .
dr
r
dt
L M
L ?M
L )M
v = e + e ,
v 2 = 2 + 2 2 .
L FM
L EM
L M
L M
L M
L !M
S
,
t0 t
L @M
r r.
2
L M
1 2
.
2
L ?M
= lim
1
z = ( ),
2
= .
y = a PO u sin v (a = NQRPS).
y 2
&
! '(
!
% D,&' $& %( &* '*
%* ,* (
3 $ #%* *
s = 3N K,
L M
,% N G &*+ * K G &
,*+ ( '*+
fi (q1 , . . . , qN , t) = 0,
i = 1, K.
F p (r, t) = U (r, t)
7##0(
Qi =
N
=1
U (r, t)
.
r
r
qi
L @M
L M
= Qdi ,
dt qi qi
L ?M
L FM
1
z = ( ),
2
= .
1
z = ( ),
2
Qi
= .
Qi
!
m1 ' # &( $ ,&
$> 6 # $0/ , &'( %* l &*
' &- #( & $ $&&$
%&,( # m2 ; +%( &
%&% $( $ (' g 1$ ,&'
&( D,&'
L = et/m
mx
U (x) .
2
!E
m $> &% R &$'
& $ $&&$ % %*
$&' '/ k '%( ; +%( &
$ (' g & %' # $** % *
$&( F = v & ,&' *
1$ & %'(
2
2
$& * (, &( F = v
L=
$% &
%'( * # %$> ,&'
L = et/m
1
mx 2 xx
+
2
2
2
2
k
x2 .
2m
1
x + x
x + x
ln (x + x)2 + 2 x2 ,
L=
VWNSX
x
x
2
"
!
!
5,& %'( *( >(
##0*+ &%
##0*+ & & (/0( $&
B/> *
f (q(t), q(t),
t) = NQRPS %( t,
L EM
B $
d
L M
f (q(t), q(t),
t) = 0.
dt
6'%* ,& %'( ' &&
%&> & $&, $&(% 9
%*+ *+ ,& %'( $%
$ #%* * ' $$*( %'(
* &-( %&>*+ & D,&'
&, $&(%
7##0( B&,( $&%(( &
s
L
E=
qi
L = E(q,
q, t).
i
i=1
$&%(( &
pk =
L
.
qk
L M
##0 &% qk
L M
L
= 0,
qk
L !M
L = L(q,
q),
L
= 0,
t
LQdi = 0M
/ %$>
##0( B&,( E
((( ,& %'(T
M %( ,&' ( >( &% qk
/ %$> LQdi = 0M ##0* $
pk /0 > &% ((( ,&
%'(
mx
L=
+ a et x x
2
kx2
(a, = NQRPS).
mx
+ a x sin t + x cos t
2
kx2
2
( = NQRPS).
2$> /
@) 2( * s $( #%* ,&'
s
s
1
L=
aij (q) qi qj +
bi (q)qi + c(q, t)
2 i,j=1
i=1
m ' # &( $ ,%
%&& &'/ &* &0( $(
, &/ & $ &,
,& $&$%(& &'/ ; +%(
& $ (,( g 1$ ,&' &(
D,&'
m1 ' # &( $ ,&
$> 6 # $0/ , &'( %* l &*
' &- #( & $ $&&$
%&,( # m2 ; +%( &
%&% $( $ (' g 4 %'(
# %&&+
g = gez
1
e
L = mr 2 + A r e.
2
c
L @M
1 A(r, t)
.
c
t
L M
L ?M
A = A + (r, t),
1 (r, t)
=
c t
L )M
L FM
1
A=
h1 h2 h3 q1 q2 q3
h1 A1 h2 A2 h3 A3
.
L EM
$&*+ &*+
1
1
1
e1 +
e2 +
e3
h1 q1
h2 q2
h3 q3
L M
&&* DB
2 2
2
r
x
y
z
hi =
+
+
qi
qi
qi
qi
L M
h3 hz = 1;
L M
h3 hz = 1;
L !M
h3 h = r sin .
L @M
h2 hy = 1,
h2 h = ,
h2 h = r,
NQRPS, E 0 =
NQRPSM
= E 0 r
L M
1
1) A = H0 (yex + xey ),
2
2) A = H0 yex ,
3) A = H0 xey .
L ?M
L )M
L FM
L EM
>%&+ &%+
eH
m 2
0 2
2 2
2
+ + z +
+ e E 0 r,
L=
2
2c
L !M
&+ &%+
eH
m 2
0 2
2 2
2
2
2
L=
r + r + r sin +
r sin2 + +e E 0 r.
2
2c
L !M
( )
!
!
*
t t0 =
x0
dx
,
2
E U (x)
m
L !!M
1
mv02 + U (x0 ) = NQRPS.
2
L !@M
L !?M
T =2
x1
dx
,
2
E U (x)
m
L !)M
0,
U0 ,
|x| > L,
|x| L.
U0 + kx2 , x > 0,
, x < 0
(U0 , k > 0)
0,
U0 ,
|x| > L,
|x| L,
(k > 0)
(a > 0).
a
,
x2
(a > 0).
U=
x
,
U0 1
x > 0,
x
U0 1 +
,
a
x<0
a
,
|x| + b
= 2 U0 /m x(0) = 0
U (x) =
, x > L,
x2
, x L
( > 0)
U1 (x) =
(a, k > 0)
,
2
2
, +0.
2x
2
U (x) = A _`a
a
x
_`a a
U0
,
NO2ax
U (r) =
F (r)dr.
L @M
m 2
2 2
+ U ().
L=
2
L @M
5,&* %'(
m 2
2 2
E=
+ + U (),
2
p = m2 .
L @M
L @!M
L @@M
t t0 =
0
0 =
0
,
2
E U ()
m
p
d
,
m2
2
E U ()
m
L @ M
L @?M
b* $>
p2
U () = U () +
.
2m2
1 JK
L @)M
2
E U () .
m
L @FM
"*#& $&%(( $& %'( >* $
-/ >&
> %'( &
, >& L&% & > 0M $&% %&*
&( *#&/ J+KT > %'( &
>& L&% -( < 0MG *#&/ JK
' $&*+ ##0 &% $&
%' >* >& $ $&%(( &
=
E U ()
L @EM
T =2
1
L M
,
2
E U ()
m
E = U (1,2 ).
2
1
L M
k
p
d
=
.
m2
n
2
E U ()
m
U ()2 +
2m
p2
L !M
0.
0
r
r
U (r) =
r
b
,
r2
b > 0,
U (r) = ,
r
> 0.
U (r) = ,
r
< 0.
U (r) = ,
r
> 0.
2,
r r
, > 0.
2,
r r
, > 0.
2,
r r
, > 0.
n
U (r) =
.
rn
,
r2
> 0.
,
r2
> 0.
,
r2
> 0.
,
r2
>0
+ 2,
r
r
, > 0.
+ 2,
r
r
, > 0.
+ ,
1% &(( $( $ +&& &((
$ > >& #/% B$&
$ &>/ $&&+ > $ ,
>&
" % &(( $&%$,( $
M %&% $ / L >* $ /
% ' $&&* >* $ / %/
B&,/MT
M $ % &&' #* ' #* $&#&
% > $ '% # L %
( %' '% >* $ G B %
* >&M
% &( $( $&( %'(
> $ # % * >&
d =
dN /dt
.
j
L @M
p = p(),
L ?M
= 2p()dp(),
2
= dp (),
dp()
= 2p()
d,
d
p() dp()
=
d.
sin d
d = 2 sin dM
L )M
L FM
L EM
L ?M
p
d
m2
2
E U ()
m
L ?M
p2
Ep2
U () = U () +
U () + 2 .
2m2
L ?M
=2
min
= 0.
E = U (0 , p0 ),
U (0 , p0 ) = 0,
U (0 , p0 ) < 0.
2
L ?@M
= p20 .
cR xb ,
b x 3b,
&, x
(a, b > 0)
a2
x < ,
b
(a, b > 0)
&,
! 4 %&> &(( > &
&*+ % &(( $& x ,% $&,
$&+ #& &0 ,& >
y = f (x) = ax1/2 ,
(a > 0)
&, x
! 4 %&> &(( > &
&*+ % &(( $& x ,% $&,
$&+ #& &0
,& >
y = f (x) = a
b
,
x2
b
x < , (a, b > 0)
a
&, x
!! 4 %&> &(( $& &(% e
(%& &(% Ze
!@ 4 %&> &(( > B&, E
& $>
( ,# U0
U=
0, r > R,
U0 , r < R.
U=
U=
0, r > R,
U0 , r < R.
0, r > R,
, r < R.
r R
rn
2
r r
B&, E
!E 4 $%( >& %( > m %'0+(
$>
U (r) =
r2 r4
B&, E
@ 4 $%( >& %( > m %'0+(
$>
U (r) =
B&, E
r2
@ 4 $ $%( >& %( > m
B&, E %'0+( >& $
U (r) =
r2 r3
(, > 0).
@ 4 $ $%( >& %( > m
B&, E %'0+( >& $
U (r) =
r2 r6
(, > 0).
(2)
L0
s
s
1
1
=
tij x i x j
uij xi xj ,
2 i,j=1
2 i,j=1
L ? M
L ??M
1 = u11 > 0,
u u
11 12
2 =
u21 u22
> 0,
u11 u1s
s =
us1 uss
...
> 0.
tij xj + uij xj = 0.
L ?)M
xj (t) = d_ Aj e
it
L ?FM
$ $% Aj
% L ?FM &( L ?)M $&% %&%
*+ ,#&+ &
tij + uij Aj = 0,
L ?EM
(k)
Ck Aj ei(k) t .
L )M
x i (0) = v0i ,
i = 1, s.
L )M
(=0)
xj
L )!M
(n)
N
L )@M
Ci vji ei(n) t ;
i=1
N K
x1
L ) M
x = d_ a + a t + . . . + a
N K
ei t .
s
s1
s2
s(N K) t
(n)
(n)
(n)
s
L ))M
Qi (t)qi .
i=1
(2)
(2)
L0
s
s
s
1
1
+ L =
tij x i x j
uij xi xj +
Qi (t)xi .
2 i,j=1
2 i,j=1
i=1
L )FM
tij xj + uij xj = Qi (t),
L )EM
Qi (t) = d_ fi e
it
L FM
L F!M
T +U B =F
T +U
1
F.
L F@M
L=
i
1 2 1 2 2
.
2 i 2 (i) i
L F M
& &>
$% A
(1)
(2)
A1 A1 . . .
(1) (2)
A2 A2 . . .
A=
(1)
(2)
As As . . .
(s)
A1
(s)
A2
,
(s)
As
(j)
Aij = Ai .
L F)M
x = A.
L FEM
L EM
5 2
5
y + 3 x y x2 4y 2 6xy.
2
2
= v0
@? 4 *+ *+ # * (0 %+
-& 3m 2m %+ %*+ $&' '(
k '%(
L=
1
q2 q12 + q1 q22
2
1
+ q1 + q2 .
q1 q2
L = q12 + q1 q2 +
5 2
q2 3 q12 + 2q1 q2 + 3q22
2
1
1
1
x 21 + x 1 x 2 + x 22 k x21 k x22 k x1 x2 .
2
2
2
L=
1 2 2
q q + q22 q22
2 1 1
1
2
1
1
+ 2 + 2q1 q2 .
2
q1 q2
L=
2
2
2
x 1 (0) = v1 ,
x2 (0) = a,
x 2 (0) = v2 .
3
kx1 x2
8
m 2
2
L=
x + y + m xy y x + mg l2 x2 y 2 .
2
;( 2 << g/l *+ *+ # $&
*+ (+
x(0) = 0,
x(0)
= V,
y(0) = 0,
y(0)
= 0.
2
2
L = a x + y + x y + b l2 x2 y 2 .
N
m r 2 ij
x i x j ,
L EM
=1
Jij =
dm r ij xi xj =
2
d x (r) r ij xi xj ,
3
L E!M
L E@M
L E M
Jij = 0 J2 0 .
0 0 J3
J1 0
L E?M
Jij
+ M a ij ai aj
L E)M
L& f&M
,* b& , , $(/ % &>/ *
&% x, y, z ' ( &%* $ -/
( $%' * &% x, y, z
G , > G %( , '% ( z z
L*( $& z z 0 MT
< 2 MT
)
! #!
# 0
>( , LB & #% '
s
i=1
pi qi L(q,
q, t)
L! M
qi =qi (p,q,t)
L
qi
(i = 1, s),
e_S
pi
qj
e_S
2L
qi qj
= 0.
L! M
L(q,
q, t) =
s
i=1
pi qi H(p, q, t)
L! !M
pi =pi (q,q,t)
H
pi
(i = 1, s)
qi
pj
e_S
H
pi pj
= 0.
H(p, q, t)
qi =
,
pi
H
pi =
+ Qdi .
qi
L! @M
$*(
L! M
N
=1
F d
r
.
qi
L! ?M
L! )M
*
*
&(
p2
p2
+
H=
+ U (, ).
2m 2m2
H=
L = mc
$*(
2
e
1
p A(r, t)
2m
c
L = mc
&(
$*(
*
+ e(r, t).
&(
$*(
2
r 2
1 2 U (r, t).
c
*
&(
$*(
r 2 e
1 2 + A(r, t) r e(r, t).
c
c
*
&(
$*(
2
p2
1
eH0 2
p2z
p
+
+ mgz.
H=
2m 2m2
2c
2m
*
H=
&(
$*(
c 2
p,
n(r)
L! @M &-
E & %( *
,
H=
c
n(r)
p2 ,
!
m &(% q $&(/ $> &(
&0( &, & $( , &/
#&( $(* , &/ %&%*+
$(*+ $ (' g , $ H &
, #
@ 2 # m1 m2 &(% q '%( *
$> ,/ $ $&# y = ax2 &( &0( &,
y $( , &/ %&%*+ $(*+
$ (' g , $ H
(* $&'
'/ k % l0 %&& ( &
, *
D,&' , ( %
1
2
2
L = m m 1 NQP .
2
x = 2 PZR .
2
Ay = Az = 0
s
A B
i=1
A B
pi qi qi pi
L! FM
{A, B} = {B, A} .
20 .
L! EM
{c1 A + c2 B, D} = c1 {A, D} + c2 {B, D} ,
{D, c1 A + c2 B} = c1 {D, A} + c2 {D, B}
L! M
L! M
(c1 , c2 = NQRPS)
30 .
J & D#>K
{AB, D} = A {B, D} + B {A, D} .
40 .
L! M
4>
{A, {B, C}} + {C, {A, B}} + {B, {C, A}} = 0
L! !M
L'% H#M
%* #
{pi , qj } = ij ,
{pi , pj } = 0,
{qi , qj } = 0.
L! @M
L! M
L! ?M
pi = {H, pi } ,
qi = {H, qi } .
L! FM
ijk = jik ,
ijk = ikj ,
L! M
ijk = kji .
L! M
Ak .
xj
L! M
i i
= bj cj = bi cj ci bj .
b c
L! !M
ijk abc
40 .
L! @M
L! M
"
#
(xi pj + f (r p) ij ) , kmn pm xn ,
"
#
pi pj + f (r ) xi xj , xj pn pm ,
2
AB
,
C
{A, C} = A
{B, C} = B.
1 4
C .
4
p2
H=
2m r
{H, A} ,% A
A=
G & D$G:,G
r
1
pL
m
r
## "
!
0
5,& %'( *( >( +
$&*+ p, q & +&(/0( *
$& B/> *
%( t,
L! ?M
L! )M
F
= 0,
t
{H, F } = 0.
1)
2)
L! FM
L! EM
H = H(p, q),
= 0M
H(p, q) = NQRPS.
L! !M
H = H f (pk , qk ), p1 , . . . , pk1 , pk+1 , . . . , ps ; q1 , . . . , qk1 , qk+1 , . . . , qs ; t ,
= 0M
>(
f (pk , qk )
(((
f (pk , qk ) = NQRPS.
U (r)
&+ &%+
m 2
r + r2 2 + r2 PZR2 2 U (r).
2
H=
1 2 1 2 1 2 2
p
p + q
2 1 2 2 2 0 2
p23
2
02 q32
2
+a
p21
2
p22
2
02 q22
+b
1 2 2
q .
2 0 1
p22
02 q22
p
+
2m
m02 q 2
2
p
+
2m
m02 q 2
2
p23
2
n
.
02 q32
2
.
m02 q12 p22
m02 q22
p21
+
+
.
H=
2m
2
2m
2
x4
x4
p21
2
02 q12
2
p22
2
02 q22
2
p21
2
02 q12
2
sin
p22
2
02 q22
2
.
Pi = Pi (p, q, t),
Qi = Qi (p, q, t),
L! !M
, K(P, Q, t)
i
pi dqi Hdt
L! !M
,% c = NQRPS
4#+% % $&#&(
L! !M 0 % *&+ $&%(0+
> %&(/0+ $&%* &( L&
, $&#&( #>M
= c ij ,
Pi (p, q, t), Qj (p, q, t)
# p,q
"
= 0,
Pi (p, q, t), Pj (p, q, t)
p,q
#
"
F
t
&* ,
$&%(0+ > &*+
'()*
6
$&%(0+
>
F1 (q, Q, t)
F2 (q, P, t)
F3 (p, Q, t)
F4 (p, P, t)
0(
$&%(0
>
e_S
e_S
e_S
e_S
Q
i
pj
P
i
pj
Q
i
qj
P
i
qj
= 0
= 0
= 0
= 0
$&#&(
&*
,
$&#&(
F1
=
,
cp
F1
Pi =
,
Q
i
K = cH + F1 .
t
F2
=
,
cp
F2
Qi =
,
F2
K = cH +
.
t
F3
,
cq
F3
Pi =
,
Q
i
K = cH + F3 .
t
F4
,
cq
pi
F4
Qi =
,
F4
K = cH +
.
t
%(
K(P, Q, t) = cH p(P, Q, t), q(P, Q, t), t +
F1 q(P, Q, t), Q, t
t
L! !!M
Qi qi .
Pi = p i ,
Qi = qi .
Pi = pi ,
Qi = qi ,
,% , = NQRPS.
) 4 $&%(0/ >/ $&#&( (p, q) (P, Q)
Pi = qi ,
Qi = pi ,
,% , = NQRPS.
P = q + eq + ln p,
Q = peq .
P = q 4 p4 1 q 6 ,
2
Q = pq 1 .
P = qp + q 5 ,
Q = ln(p q 4 ).
P = ln 3 ,
4q
1
Q = pq.
4
H=
,&
1
p2
+ m 2 q 2
2m 2
>(&
,&
>(&
1
p2
+ m 2 q 2
2m 2
$&#&/ (p, q) (P, Q)
i
mq ip eit ,
P =
2m
1
Q=
mq + ip eit .
2m
H=
P = pq 3 1 + t exp(q 2 ) ,
Q = q 2 + ln tpq 3 .
Q = ( p)1/ q (1)/ ,
P = ( p)(1)/ q (21)/
((( L,
>/
Q = p q,
1
P = ln
q p
Q = (b q)+1 p+2 ,
P = (b q) p1
Q = 2 NOq t,
P =
p
t POq t
1/(b1)
3
q
Q = ap +
,
abt
3q
P =
a
Q = ln q
P = pq
p
Q = ln
q 1
P = pq
Q = q
P = p + exp(q 1)
Q = q + ln p ep ,
P =p
Q = p eq ,
P = eq
Q = 1 p sin 2q,
2
P = ln SXq
((( L
>/
=
Q = ( p)1/2 1 ,
q
P = q 3/2 p
Q = p q,
1
P = ln
p q ,
p
Q=
+1
P = p,
1/
q,
Q = q p + t cos(q t),
P = q,
Q = q + ln p,
P = p
P = ln p19 q 20 ,
Q = pq
Q = q 2 + ln 2 p q 3
,
1
P = p q 3 + 2 p q 3 exp 2
q
(p+q)2
P = 2q e
(p+q)2
+ 1 + 2p e
1 ,
Q=p+q
Q = q p,
P = ln q 20 p19
Q = cR (1 + q cos p) ,
P = 2 (1 +
q cos p) q sin p
Q = q cos p,
P = q sin p
P =p+
R = r,
e
(r, t),
c
1 (r, t)
.
c t
P = p,
Q = q + (p, t) ,
t
! 2
$&#&
(px , py ; x, y) (Px , Py ; X, Y )
+
$&*+
a
=
2p
cos
x
y
,
P
x
x
1
2px sin x + py ,
X=
a
a
2px sin x + py ,
Py =
Y =1
2px cos x + y
a
Qi = qi ,
Pi = p i
g(q, t),
qi
(f = NQRPS)
P (t) = p(t + ),
X(t) = x(t + )
2
2
P (t) = p(t + ),
Q(t) = q(t + )
m 2
+ 2 2 + z 2
L=
2
2
2
U
+z .
$&%(0 >
F = P1 2 + z 2 + P2 VWNSX + P3 .
z
#
0
34.
% GH# % $&>$
' %( /#, , $%#& &
$&#& $&%(0 JK ,
K = 0
& GH#
F
+H
t
F
, q, t = 0,
q
L! FM
F
.
qi
L! FM
F = F (q1 , q2 , . . . , qs ; 1 , 2 , . . . , s ; t) + s+1 .
L! FM
L! FM
F (q, , t)
i
qi = qi (, , t) qi (t).
L! EM
$&#&(
pi =
F (q, , t)
qi
i = i (p, q, t) = NQRPS.
L! EM
m 2
2 2
2
2
2
r + r + r PZR a cos (a = NQRPS).
L=
2
x4
+b
p22 02 q22
+
2
2
p23 02 q32
+
.
2
2
sin
p22 02 q22
.
+
2
2
1 2 1 2 1 2 2
p
p + q
2 1 2 2 2 0 2
1 2 2
q .
2 0 1
p21 + p22
1
+ p23 + 2
q1 q2
q3
q1 + q2
2
2
exp p1 + q1 exp p2 + q2
,
H = g(t)
exp 2(p1 + q1 ) + exp 2(p2 + q2 )
1
z = ( ),
2
U (r) = .
r
1 2
q1 + q22 sin q2
L=
2
1 2
2
q1 + q2 .
2
1 2
p1 + p22 + p23
4
q22 +
1
1
+
q32 sin2 q1
2
, 0, 1 ,
qi (0) = ( 2, 1, 0).
H=
1 2
p1 + p22 + p23
4
+ q1 +
1
1
2
q2 q3
2
, 0, 0 ,
v(0) = v1 ex + v2 ey .
1 2 5 2
13 2 3 7 2 7
q 2 q1 p 1 +
p q + q q .
4
251 2 2 9 2 1
L = mc
1 2
2
2
1 2 + U ().
c
L = mc
r 2
1 2.
c
L = mc
r 2
1 2 U (r).
c
L = mc
x 2 + y 2 + z 2 k 2
2
2
x +y +z .
1
c2
2
L = a x 2 + b x2 + c ,
1 2 4
p1 q1 + p22 q12 2 q12 q2 .
2
H=
p21
q12
cos q1
q22 +
1 2
p cos q2 .
2 2
H = p21 + sin q1 +
p2 + p3 cos q2
q22
2
p2 + p3
.
q22 + q32
2
2
H=
p1
1
+ 2
2
q1 q1
p
p2
+ 232
2
q2 q2 q3
1 p21 + p22
1
2
H=
+ p 3 + 2 q 1 + q2 .
2 q1 q2
q3
p 1 q1 + p 2 q2
sin t.
2 p21 q12 + 3 p22 q22
L=
1
4
q1
+ q22 + q32 2 q12 q22 .
2
q2
q
1 2 4
q1 q1 + q22 q12 22 .
2
q1
1 2 2
q1 q1 + q22 q22 + q32 cos q1 .
2
L=
1
2
1 2 2
q1
2
2
+
q
+
q
q q .
2
3
q22
2 1 2
1
1 2
q1 + q22 sin q2 (q12 + q22 ).
2
2
1 2
cos q2 2
q SX q1 +
L=
q .
2 1
cos q 2
1
1 4 2 sin q2 2
q1 q1 +
L=
q2 q22 cos q1 .
2
cos q1
q12 1 2
+ q2 NSX q2 + q32 q12 q22 sin q1 .
2
q2 4
q12
q22
+
3 q12 q22 + f (q2 ),
2
2
4 q2 4 q2
H=
1
2
exp 2(p1 + q1 )
+ exp 2(p2 + q2 )
exp p1 + q1 + exp p2 + q2
f (t),
#+ 2
3 5
.
&* %G, G #* $&*
&* , #* %* %( %&(/0+
%/0 &#(
; ((( ##0.& %(
##0( B&,( ((( ,& %'( "
, H * ( &
H = H(p, q)
pi dqi .
L! EM
L! EM
H(J )
.
Ji
L! EM
L! EM
L! EM
m02 x2
p2
+
.
2m
2
L=
m 2
+ 2 2
2
m 2 2
m 2
x + 4 y 2 + 3 z 2 xy
1 x + 22 y 2 + 32 z 2 .
2
2
m 2
L=
+ 2 2 .
2
U (r) = ,
r
> 0,