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p
p + q
2 1 2 2 2 0 2

4  %'( *


  ; $*( ,
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p23
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4  %'( * ( La, b = NQRPSM


 ! ; $*( ,
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p
+
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p
+
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n
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.

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4  %'( *


 ; $*( ,



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m02 q22
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+
+
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2

4  %'( *


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4  %'( >*  %&&+


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sin

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2


.

4  %'( *  ( %


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= 0,
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,

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t

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,% , = NQRPS.
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Pi = qi ,
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,% , = NQRPS.


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P = q + eq + ln p,
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2

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1

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>
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2  $&#& (((  4 ,


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H=
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P = pq 3 1 + t exp(q 2 ) ,



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2  $&#& (((  4 ,


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)E 2  $&#& (p, q) (P, Q)


Q = ( p)1/ q (1)/ ,
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(((  L,
>/



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Q = p q,

1
P = ln
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>/
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Q = (b q)+1 p+2 ,
P = (b q) p1

(((  L, b = NQRPSM 4 , $&%(0/


>/
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Q = 2 NOq t,
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p
t POq t

(((  4 , $&%(0/ >/


F! 2  $&#& (p, q) (P, Q)

1/(b1)

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q

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P =
a

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>/
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Q = ln q
P = pq

(((  4 , $&%(0/ >/




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p
Q = ln
q 1

P = pq

(((  L = NQRPSM 4 , $&%(0/


>/
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Q = q
P = p + exp(q 1)

(((  L = NQRPSM 4 , $&%(0/


>/
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Q = q + ln p ep ,
P =p

(((  4 , $&%(0/ >/


FF 2  $&#& (p, q) (P, Q)


Q = p eq ,
P = eq

(((  L = NQRPSM 4 , $&%(0/


>/
FE 2  $&#& (p, q) (P, Q)

Q = 1 p sin 2q,
2
P = ln SXq

(((  L
>/

=
 

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Q = ( p)1/2 1 ,
q

P = q 3/2 p

(((  L = NQRPSM 4 , $&%(0/


>/
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Q = p q,

1
P = ln
p q ,

(((  L, = NQRPSM 4 , $&%(0/


>/
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p
Q=
+1

P = p,

1/

q,

(((  L = NQRPSM 4 , $&%(0/


>/
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Q = q p + t cos(q t),
P = q,

(((  L = NQRPSM 4 , $&%(0/


>/
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Q = q + ln p,
P = p

(((  4 , $&%(0/ >/




E 2  $&#& (p, q) (P, Q)



Q = VWNSX
 (p q), 
P = 1 + (p q)2 ln q

(((  L = NQRPSM 4 , $&%(0/


>/
E? 2  $&#& (p, q) (P, Q)




P = ln p19 q 20 ,

Q = pq

(((  4 , $&%(0/ >/


E) 2  $&#& (p, q) (P, Q)



Q = q 2 + ln 2 p q 3
,

1
P = p q 3 + 2 p q 3 exp 2
q

(((  4 , $&%(0/ >/


EF 2  $&#& (p, q) (P, Q)


(p+q)2

P = 2q e




(p+q)2
+ 1 + 2p e
1 ,

Q=p+q

(((  4 , $&%(0/ >/


EE 2  $&#& (p, q) (P, Q)

Q = q NSX p,
P = 2 ln cos p

(((  4 , $&%(0/ >/


! 2  $&#& (p, q) (P, Q)


Q = q p,


P = ln q 20 p19

(((  4 , $&%(0/ >/




! 2  $&#& (p, q) (P, Q)




Q = cR (1 + q cos p) ,
P = 2 (1 +

q cos p) q sin p

(((  4 , $&%(0/ >/


! & + (+ $&&  $&#&(p, q) (P, Q)


Q = q cos p,
P = q sin p

((( ^ 6  B  , $&%(0(


>(^
!! 4 $&%(0/ >/ $&#&( +
$&*+ (p, r) (P , R)


P =p+
R = r,

e
(r, t),
c

/0, #& $&#&/


A A + (r, t),

1 (r, t)
.
c t

%( &(' >*  B&, $ L(r, t) G


$&( (&( >(M
!@ %&,   , H = H(p, q) $&#&/
(p, q) (P, Q)

P = p,

Q = q + (p, t) ,
t

,% = NQRPS (p, t)G %( >( 2 


$&#& (((  4 , $&%(0/
>/ 4 J*K , K
 

! 2



$&#&
(px , py ; x, y) (Px , Py ; X, Y )

+

$&*+

a 

=
2p
cos
x

y
,
P

x
x

1 

2px sin x + py ,
X=

a


a 

2px sin x + py ,
Py =




Y =1
2px cos x + y
a

(((  4 , $&%(0/ >/


!? 2  $&#& (p, q) (P, Q)

Qi = qi ,

Pi = p i

g(q, t),
qi

,% g(q, t) G &( %( >( ##0*+ &% 


& (((  4 , $&%(0/ >/
!) 2( *  ,&'
mx 2
+ fx
L=
2

(f = NQRPS)

$& (* % $&#&( (p, x) (P, X)




P (t) = p(t + ),
X(t) = x(t + )

  , $&%(0/ >/


!F 2( %&, ,&, >(&  ,&'
mq2 m 2 q 2
L=

2
2
 

$& (* % $&#&( (p, x) (P, X)




P (t) = p(t + ),
Q(t) = q(t + )

  , $&%(0/ >/


!E 3>  m %'0((  >& $ $*( 
>%&+ &%+ ,&'


m 2
+ 2 2 + z 2
L=
2



2
2
U
+z .

;&-   $&#&


(p , p , pz ; , , z) (P1 , P2 , P3 ; Q1 , Q2 , Q3 )

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F = P1 2 + z 2 + P2 VWNSX + P3 .
z

1$ (* % B+ $&#&  $& J*K


, K

#  
0   34.
% GH#   %  $&>$
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F
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t

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, q, t = 0,
q

 

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&- (0  + $&*+   
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F = F (q1 , q2 , . . . , qs ; 1 , 2 , . . . , s ; t) + s+1 .

L! FM

* ,& &( GH# +%( %


&%( $&*+ $& $&* %( %%  
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F (q1 , q2 , . . . , qs , t) = T (t) + Q1 (q1 ) + Q2 (q2 ) + . . . + Qs (qs ).

L! FM

;, & H#  %'( ' #* % $

%&>&( $, ,& &( GH#


$ %%*   $&&( $&%*+ *
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