INTRODUCTION

Variability on a
Small Scale
Optimizing Sampling Protocol

Implementing Sampling Protocol

Preserving Sample Integrity

Analytical Error
Intro 1

Optimizing
Sampling Protocol
In Situ Nugget Effect

Fundamental Sampling Error

Grouping & Segregation Error

Intro 2

Implementing
Sampling Protocol
Increment Delimitation Error

Increment Extraction Error

Increment Weighting Error

Intro 3

Preserving Sample
Integrity

Increment Preparation
Errors

Contamination Error
Loss Error
Alteration Error
Human Error
Fraud & Sabotage
Intro 4

Analytical Error
Scope Versus Principle
Additive Interferences
Proportional Interferences
Drying Temperature Baseline
Dissolution Technique
Composition of Dissolution Residues
Contamination and Losses
Intro 5

Variability on a
Large Scale
Interpolation Error
Time
Space

Periodic Error

Increment Weighting Error

Intro 6

Setting Priorities
Effect
of
Proble
m

Yes

Yes

by all means!

but do a
feasibility study

Large

Yes
nothing to
Small

No

loose

Small

Large

Cost of fixing problem

Intro 7

Setting Priorities
for Sampling Gold,
or base metals
Effect
of
Proble
m

SPC

6 sigma
TQM

IPE

GSE

Sampling Mode

Small

IEE
AE

Sampling
Interval

FSE
Large

IDE

IWE

Small

In Situ Nugget
Effect
Bias Test
Correcting
Factor
Round Robin

Large

Cost of fixing problem

Intro 8

The Three-legged
Table
Company
Benefits

Effective
Manageme
nt

Correct
Sampling

Understandi
ng
Variability

Intro 9

Effective
Management
Identify Structural Problems
Invest in Solutions to
Structural Problems

Identify Circumstantial Problems

Time & Money Can Be Saved on
Circumstantial Problems

Understand and Act on All

Sources of Variability

Be Proactive Instead of Reactive

Intro 10

Correct Sampling
In Situ Nugget Effect
Fundamental Sampling Error
Grouping & Segregation Error
Increment Delimitation Error
Increment Extraction Error

Increment Preparation Errors

Interpolation Error
Periodic Error
Increment Weighting Error
Analytical Error
Intro 11

Understanding
Variability
Variability Generates Visible
and Invisible Costs

Variability is a Problem
and an Opportunity

There are Many Kinds of Variability

All Sampling Errors

Magnify Variability

Geostatistics Analyzes Variability

at the Mine

Chronostatistics Analyzes Variability

at the Plant

Minimize Variability by a Constant

Improvement Strategy
Intro 12