Excavation Coins From The Persepolis Region / by George C. Miles

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Excavation Coins
from
the Persepolis Region
By GEORGE C. MILES
THE AMERICAN NUMISMATIC SOCIETY
NEW YORK
I959
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ALL RIGHTS RESERVED BY
THE AMERICAN NUMISMATIC SOCIETY
PRINTED IN GERMANY
AT J. J. AUGUSTIN. GLCKSTADT

NU MISMATIC NOTES AND MONOGRAPHS
Number I43
NUMISMATIC NOTES AND MONOGRAPHS
is devoted to essays and treatises on subjects relating
to coins, paper money, medals and decorations.
PUBLICATION COMMITTEE
ALFRED R. BELLINGER, Chairman
THEODORE V. BUTTREY, JR.
JoHN V. A. FINE
THOMAS O. MABBOTT
EDITORIAL STAFF
SAWYER MCA. MossER, Editor

HowARD L. ADELSON, Associate Editor
TABLE OF CONTENTS
FOREWORD . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - I
KEY TO ABBREVIATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I5
CATALOGUE OF COINS
ISTAKHR . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - I9
PERSEPOLISTERRACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
NAQSH-I RUSTAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9I
INVENTORY OF FIELD CATALOGUE NUMBERS IO8
INDEX OF DATES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II6
INDEX OF MINTS AND PLACES . . . . . . . . . . . . II8
INDEX OF PERSONAL NAMES . . . . . . . . . . . . . I2O

INDEX OF ARABIC INSCRIPTIONS . . . . . . . . . . I22
FOREWORD
The coins described in the present catalogue were un-
earthed in the course of excavations conducted more than
twenty years ago by Dr. Erich F. Schmidt on behalf of the
Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, the Univer-
sity Museum of Philadelphia and the Museum of Fine Arts,
Boston, at several sites in the region of Persepolis in south-
ern Iran." By far the largest number come from the test
excavations at Istakhr, about six kilometers north-north-
east of Persepolis at the foot of the mountain known as the
Kuh-i Rahmat. The date of the initial founding of Istakhr is
obscure, but at all events there is plentiful archaeological
evidence of the city's importance in Sasanian and early
Islamic times. A much smaller number of coins (73 to be
exact) were recovered in the limited excavations at Naqsh-i
Rustam, the site of the famous rock tombs of the Achae-
menian kings and the Sasanian rupestrian sculptures, a little
more than six kilometers directly north of Persepolis. At
Persepolis itself, aside from the Greek coins discovered in the
foundation deposits and elsewhere on the terrace, nineteen
miscellaneous coins, ranging in date from the 3rd to the
19th century were found at various spots within and just
outside the royal buildings.
1. Cf. Schmidt, Persepolis, and Schmidt, The Treasury of Persepolis.
* Published in Schmidt, Persepolis II, pp. 110-114; and cf. Schmidt, The

Treasury of Persepolis, pp. 7678.
2 Excavation Coins from Persepolis
Istakhr
The coins found in the Istakhr excavations, which took
place in 1935 and 1937, received preliminary notice in a paper
read at the International Numismatic Congress in Paris
in 1953; definitive treatment of the material was delayed
first by the second World War and subsequently by nu-
merous other commitments. The nature and results of the
excavations have been briefly described by Dr. Schmidt in
The Treasury of Persepolis, pp. 107121. While tests were
undertaken at a number of points, these excavations were
limited in extent and were actually little more than son-
dages. An aerial view of the site (see Plate XIX) shows the
location of the various tests: 1) a test in the center to virgin
soil; 2) a trench west of the center in the Islamic stratum;
3) a poorly defined gate structure in the north-west area near
the edge of the mound; 4) a trench in the extreme west ex-
posing almost exclusively Sasanian foundations and some
remnants of Islamic buildings; and 5) a long north-south
trench with random separated plots east of the modern village
fort (popularly known as the Takht-i Taus), all Islamic.
No systematic records of coin finds were available to me of
other tests conducted by Ernst Herzfeld previous to Dr.
Schmidts excavations.
In the two seasons' operations at Istakhr I,051 coins were
recovered. Of these the vast majority, over 900, were Is-
lamic. Only 19 were pre-Sasanian, and, somewhat surpris

ingly in view of the importance of Istakhr in Sasanian times,
only 60 were definitely attributable to the Sasanians. One
* Published in Miles, A brief Report.
* Cf. Schmidt, The Treasury of Persepolis, p. 108, and Miles, A brief Report,
P. 492.
* Cf. Schmidt, The Treasury of Persepolis, p. 107; Miles, A brief Report,
P. 492.
* 1,053 were reported in Miles, A brief Report, but two pieces were later
rejected as not being coins.

*:***
S:
i*|
!-
t-
Foreword 3
should, however, remark that these proportions are scarcely
a reliable reflection of the relative importance of the several
eras in terms of the area occupied or the size of the popu-
lation at different times. The total area of the site is exten-
sive: the circumvallated inner city measures 1,400 meters
from east to west, and 650 meters from north to south. While
the fortified enceinte evidently dates from the Sasanian
period and continued to define the city proper in early Islam,
the suburbs spread far beyond the city walls. A careful
examination of the aerial view of the site, or of the plan with
overlaid grid (Fig. 1)* demonstrates how relatively in-
significant a portion of the total area was tested, and one can
therefore reasonably assume that the almost total absence
of pre-Sasanian numismatic material, the relative paucity
of Sasanian coins and the preponderance of Islamic numis-
matic evidence is fortuitous, and that further excavations in
other sections of the site might present us with quite a dif-
ferent numismatic pattern and a correspondingly different
picture of the density and importance of the various cultural
occupations.
However this may be, the excavated coins point clearly to
the importance and prosperity of Istakhr in early Islamic
days: that is, in the late 7th century and throughout the 8th.
The following table shows the distribution of coins unearthed
in the Istakhr excavations according to broad chronological
categories:

* Miles, A brief Report, p. 491.
* Cf. Schmidt, The Treasury of Persepolis, p. 108. A few ten-meter squares
adjoining the test trenches, which were partially excavated, are not indicat-
ed on this plan.
* Miles, A brief Report, p. 492.
Greek I
Persis I5
Elymais 3
Sasanian 68
Sasanian or Arab-Sasanian I4
Arab-Sasanian 74
Byzantine 2
Umayyad (post-reform) 78
Abbsid partisans 2
Umayyad or Abbsid 58
Abbsid 546
Smnid I
Buyid 3
Seljuq.(?) I
Ilkhnid 2
Autonomous Persian I
Qjr I
Unidentifiable I8I
Io5110
The Abbsid is by far the largest class, and of this class all
but ten coins (nos. 52I, 553, 615, 850856) are dated, or
datable, before the year 200 of the Hijrah (815 A.D.). The
preponderance of 8th century bronzes among excavation
coins in the regions of the Eastern Caliphate has been re-
marked on before. As I observed in the preliminary publica-
tion of this material, Just how important this fact is with

respect to the dating of levels, buildings and objects it is
difficult to say. The paucity of copper coins struck in Persia
" It will be noted that the highest number in the catalogue is 1046; the
discrepancy is accounted for by the fact that there are five lettered sub-
numbers in the catalogue: 602a and 849a, b, c and d. Thus IO46-#5 = Io51.
There are some differences of categorization and sub-totals between the
present definitive listing and the summary table presented in A brief Re-
port, pp. 492-493; these relatively insignificant changes are the result of
closer study and reorganization of the material.
Foreword 5
after the end of the second century H. (at least down to the
Mongol period) is a well-known phenomenon, and it was my
experience also in the excavations at Rayy that the vast
majority of copper coins (and of course copper coins pre-
dominate in excavation finds) found at all Islamic levels
were of the second half of the 2nd century. This was true
also at Antioch. Whatever other causes there may have been
to explain the limitation of copper issues in later centuries, it
is quite possible that the large volume of coppers struck
under the rules of al-Mansur, al-Mahdi and Hrn al-
Rashid met the needs for small change of most communities
throughout the East for several centuries."
Among the Abbsid coins are no less than 24 hitherto un-
published issues (30, if varieties are counted): including one
of Arrajn, four of Ardashir-Khurrah, five of Istakhr, one of
al-Ahwaz, one of Birmgubdh, one of Jayy, three of Sbr,
one of Shirz, one of Frs, two of Fas, one of Wsit, and
one without mint name. Three new mints are recorded: Jr,
the specific mint name for the chief town of the district of
Ardashir-Khurrah; Tawwaj, a town near Kzirn in the
Ardashir-Khurrah district; and Krat al-Mahdiyah min
Frs, a temporary official name for Ardashir-Khurrah.
Some of these coins bear names of officials and fill gaps in the
recorded history of Abbsid administration.
The next most numerous category is the post-reform
* Miles, A brief Report, p. 493. One should be cautious, however, in apply-

ing these generalizations too widely. At Jericho practically all the ex-
cavated Islamic coins were Umayyad (G. C. Miles, Catalogue of Islamic
Coins, The Excavations at Herodian Jericho, 1951, in The Annual of the
American Schools of Oriental Research, XXXII-XXXIII, for 19524,
pp. 2941); and at Tarsus the majority of the Islamic bronzes were of the
3rd century H. (G. C. Miles, Islamic Coins from the Tarsus Excavations
of 19351937, in The Aegean and the Near East, Studies Presented to Hetty
Goldman on the Occasion of her Seventy-Fifth Birthday, Locust Valley, 1956,
pp. 297-312.
* Cf. A brief Report, pp. 495496, written before I had discovered the
identity of this designation.
Umayyad, and here again we find several unpublished types:
three of Istakhr, one of Sabur, one of Shirz, one (or two?)
of Wsit and at least one with no mint name.
Only slightly less numerous are the pre-reform Arab-
Sasanian coins and it is in this group that we find the most
interesting material. Aside from a few dirhems which are
comparable to published varieties, virtually everything in
this category is new. Unfortunately, except for the silver
dirhems, these coins are in a miserable state of preservation,
as the plates will attest, and are for the most part exceed-
ingly obscure; but what remains is of remarkable interest
and adds much to our knowledge of the transitional period
between the Arab conquest of Iran and the adoption of a
standardized purely Arab coinage at the very end of the
7th century. It is not surprising to learn that at least ten of
these issues (probably we would be able to say most of them,
if the mint name was preserved in every instance) were
struck at Istakhr itself. Especially noteworthy are the fol-
lowing: an issue of al-Muhallab b. abi-Sufrah (?) with
MUHLUP in Pahlevi and what appears to be a purely epi-
graphical Pahlevi reverse (no. 137); another issue evidently
of the same governor with two varieties of busts, the one on
the obverse Arab and that on the reverse copied from an
exceptional type of Khosrau II, the divinity with the flaming
headdress (nos. 138141); two issues possibly attributable to
Abd al-Rahmn b. Muhammad b. al-Ash'ath, one with a

conventional Sasanian obverse but accompanied by an
Arabic inscription, and a purely epigraphical Pahlevi reverse,
and the other a hybrid Sasanian Arab-Byzantine coin show-
ing the Caliph orans (nos. I42143); another hybrid with
*In view of the number of hitherto unknown types among these coins one
wonders how much more interesting and valuable numismatic material of
local origin may lie beneath the ground on the sites of many other aban-
doned and unexcavated Sasanian and early Arab towns in Iran. Cf. Walker,
Coins from Susa.
Foreword 7
a Byzantine-derived cross on the reverse (nos. I46I47); an
issue with Sasanian obverse and an epigraphical reverse
bearing the declaration of Moslem faith in Kufic and the
mint name in Pahlevi (nos. I48149); several specimens with
a modified Sasanian bust, the name of the Caliph al-Walid (?)
and Arabic epigraphical reverse (nos. 155159).
No dates are preserved on any of these Arab-Sasanian
bronzes, but for various reasons explained in the catalogue,
I have assigned most of them to the years between 75
and 90 H. (between 694 and 709 A.D.), a few as early as
ca. 60 H. (679 A.D.) and a few possibly as late as 120 H.
(738 A.D.). While theoretically Abd al-Malik's coinage re-
form went into full effect in 79 H. (698 A.D.), we know that
a few dirhems of Arab-Sasanian type were struck as late as
84 H. (703 A.D.);" and it is not too unexpected to find that
governors and mint-masters continued even later to ex-
periment with new adaptations in their local bronze coinage.
A few words about the specific find-spots of the coins from
the Istakhr excavations. The largest number of coins from
any single area was found in the 1935 excavations of four
ten-meter squares in the center (no. 1 on Plate XIX, and
See Plate XX): some 240 specimens. The other 1935 trench
(no. 4 on Plate XIX) produced about 40 coins (plus six more
in 1937). The balance of the recovered coins was scattered
widely throughout the rest of the excavations, with relatively
heavy concentrations in the area of the poorly defined gate

structure (no. 3 on Plate XIX) and in three squares (GL 35,
HL 76 and IL 56) of the long trench east of the fort (no. 5 on
Plate XIX). The large number from the area of the gate
structure is chiefly accounted for by the finding in pit no. 1 of
DF 65 (field no. I-21520) of 74 coins in an oxidized lump
"See Walker, NC 1952, p. 108, and Miles, Kirmn. See also Andr Grabar,
L'Iconoclasme byzantin (Paris, 1957), pp. 6774, for the most recent
and thorough discussion of the Arab coinage reform, particularly in its
relationship to the innovations of Justinian II.
2.70 meters below the mouth of the pit. Whether a beaker
with molded design, unearthed in the pit I.90 meters above
the coins, had any connection with this lot is uncertain. In
any case this hoard or accumulation of coins is homogeneous
and appears to have been placed or lost in the pit toward the
very end of the 2nd century of the Hijrah: 23 unidentifiable
specimens are Abbsid of the 2nd century (no. 633 of the
catalogue), 20 are of Shirz, 192 H. (no. 522), five are of
Sbr, 183 H. (no. 510), five unidentifiable assigned to the
Umayyad or Abbsid group (no. 258), two each of
Ardashir-Khurrah, I82 H., Istakhr, I82 H., and Fas, I82 H.
(nos. 327,478 and 562), and the rest, single specimens ranging
in date from ca. 80IOO H. (no. 172) to 182 H. The earliest
actually dated is a single specimen of Istakhr, IO4 H.
(no. I79).
There were two other sizable groups of coins found together
in the Istakhr excavations. One was the lot of ten silver coins
of Persis datable to about the 1st c. A.D. (nos. 3-12 of the
catalogue) excavated in the South-west quarter of the center
test (no. 1 on Plate XIX), among pre-Islamic debris 3.8o me-
ters below the surface. These coins were stuck together but
relatively lightly oxidized, and there was no trace of a con-
tainer. The other group, field no. II928, clearly constituted
a hoard and comprised 33 Arab-Sasanian silver dirhems
(catalogue nos. Io9134). All were issues of a single governor,
Umar b. 'Ubaydullh, and were struck at the same mint,

Bishapur: five of the year 67 H., two of 68 H. and 26 of
7o H., i.e., 686690 A.D. This hoard also was found in the
center test, in the north-east quarter of the 20 20 meter
square. The coins, partly stuck together and partly loose,
were recovered from a pit, 9.27 meters below its mouth,
which in turn was 2.35 meters below the surface.
Foreword 9
Persepolis Terrace
The few post-classical coins found on the Persepolis ter-
race and nearby (pp. 8590), range in date from Sasanian to
the 19th century and have no archaeological relevance. The
five coins from the PT-3 excavations (1935 season) are of the
Mongol and Muzaffarid periods (14th century) and later, and
all came from the partial excavation of the large cistern on
the slopes of the Kh-i Rahmat just east of the Treasury."
The ten coins recovered in the 1937 excavations (PT-5) were
stray finds in the debris north of the Apadana." The dates
range from Sasanian to autonomous Persian of the 18th or
19th century. Finally four coins (three Abbsid and one
Mongol) were picked up at various points on the surface or
among refuse during the final season of 1939 (PT-7).
Naqsh-i Rustam
During two seasons' work (1936 and 19381939) at the
foot of the cliffs of Naqsh-i Rustam 73 coins were recovered,
chronologically distributed as follows:
Persis I
Sasanian 8
Arab-Sasanian 7
Post-reform Umayyad 3

Abbsid
Ilkhnid
Ilkhnid or successor
Muzaffarid
Unidentifiable Islamic
73
* See Schmidt, Persepolis I, p. 212; and cf. Schmidt, The Treasury of
Persepolis, pp. 8889.
* Schmidt, Persepolis I, pp. 4, 7072.
IO Excavation Coins from Persepolis
Of particular interest was a hoard of 36 Sasanian and
Arab-Sasanian dirhems," unearthed on the floor of what
appears to have been a rather extensive building of the
early Islamic period, about one meter below the surface in
front of the rock tomb of Darius I (see Plate XXI). No con-
tainer was preserved. The hoard consisted of 12 Sasanian
and 24 Arab-Sasanian coins. Of the Sasanian two were of
Hormizd IV (catalogue nos. 4 and 5), the earlier of which
is dated 583 A.D., and ten of Khosrau II, ranging in date
from 596 to 626 A.D. (nos. 49, II-I4, 1617). Several gov-
ernors are represented among the Arab-Sasanian specimens:
one anonymous of the year 651/2 (no. 30), one of Ziyd b.
abi-Sufyn of 672/3 (no. 33), one of Ubaydullah b. Ziyd of
681/2 (no. 34), two of Abdullah b. Zubayr of the years 685/6
and 688/9 (nos. 3132), 16 of Umar b. 'Ubaydullh of the
years 686690 (nos. 3550), two of Atiyah b. al-Aswad of
692/3 and 693/4 (nos. 5152), and one of Qatari b. al-Fujah
of 694/5 (no. 53). The Arab-Sasanian dates range therefore
from 65I-695, with the heaviest concentration between 685
and 690; and the over-all dates of the hoard are 583695. It is
interesting, but not surprising, to note that Sasanian dir
hems, not counterstamped, appear to have circulated along
with the Arab-Sasanian. In general appearance, of course,
these coins are very similar and only the literate could have
distinguished between a dirhem of Khosrau II and one of an
Arab governor.

The distribution of mints in the hoard is of some interest.
The coins of Hormizd IV and Khosrau II were struck at
seven mints: Nihvand (4), Rayy (2), Merv (2), Nahr-Tir,
Darabjird, Shirajn (?) and Zaranj (1 each). Thus six dif-
"Cf. Schmidt, The Treasury of Persepolis, p. 98, and G. C. Miles, King
of Kings to Counter-Caliph, in Archaeology, 1948, pp. 126128.
*The dates of the Sasanian coins of course are in regnal years, those of the
Arab-Sasanian either in the Yezdigird or Hijrah eras, but in this summary
all are reduced to the Christian calendar.
Foreword II
ferent provinces are represented: Khursn, Sistn, Kirmn,
Frs, Jibal and Khzistn (from east to west). The mints
represented in the Arab-Sasanian portion of the hoard are
the same in number but are geographically more concen-
trated: Bishpr (14), Kirmn (3), Darabjird (2), an un-
certain mint VISP etc. (2), Nahr-Tir, Ardashir-Khurrah,
Basrah (1 each). The majority, therefore, are from the prov-
ince of Frs (17 specimens at least, or 19, if, as is probable,
the uncertain mint is located in that province), and the rest
from the neighboring provinces of Kirmn, Khzistn
and Irq.
Two unique and very interesting Arab-Sasanian bronzes
(nos. 54 and 55) also came from the Naqsh-i Rustam exca-
vations: a hybrid Byzantine Arab-Sasanian piece with a
facing bearded head surmounted by a cross on the obverse
and an M reverse accompanied by legible Pahlevi inscriptions
(the name of Istakhr written out almost in full, and the word
apastn); and an equally remarkable coin with a new type of
bust combined with Kufic legends of post-reform type.
While the Sasanian, Umayyad and early Abbsid coins
from Naqsh-i Rustam are perhaps to be associated with
settlements there, the post-Abbsid specimens, like all the
Islamic coins from the Persepolis Terrace, have no real ar-
chaeological significance and are simply evidence of the visits
of tourists throughout the ages at this spectacular site.
It will be noted that the catalogue is in three parts:

Istakhr, pp. 1984, Persepolis Terrace, pp. 8590, Naqsh-i
Rustam, pp. 91-I07. In each section the arrangement is basi-
cally chronological, with sub-divisions, where appropriate,
according to mints. For the convenience of the excavator
and archaeologist whose interest is primarily in the prov-
enience of each coin as evidence for the dating of levels
or of objects, an Inventory of Field Catalogue numbers, in
numerical order, is appended at the end of the numismatic
catalogue (pp. 108-115). Opposite each field number is the
I2 Excavation Coins from Persepolis
catalogue number under which that coin is described. In
numerous instances there is more than one specimen of a
given type (e.g., nos. 344363 are all specimens of a single
issue of Istakhr, I40 H.); only the initial catalogue number
of this series (344) is listed in this concordance.
Following each description in the numismatic catalogue
are the field numbers of the relevant coins (II = Istakhr,
1935; I2 = Istakhr, 1937; PT-3, PT-5, PT-7 = Persepolis
Terrace, 1935, 1937 and 1939, respectively; NR-1, NR-2 =
Naqsh-i Rustam, 1936 and 19381939, respectively). This
number is followed by the abbreviation for the metal, the
diameter in millimeters, and the weight in grams. In many
cases the weight was not recorded in the field, or even if re-
corded, is omitted here because of the fragmentary state of
preservation. Frequently only a small fraction of the legends
is preserved but it has been possible to assign the coin to a
given issue because one or more particular characteristics
are present. In some cases where there are only two or three
specimens of a hitherto unpublished issue the transcription
of the legends is composite: that is, the inscriptions have
been reconstructed by piecing together complementary bits
from each specimen.
The coins from the 1935 and 1936 excavations were origi-
nally catalogued at Persepolis by the writer. Those from the
subsequent years were preliminarily recorded by Wilhelm
Eilers. Approximately half of the coins are now the property

of the Oriental Institute, the others of the Iranian Govern-
ment, stored in the Archaeological Museum in Teheran. The
writer's work was facilitated by the temporary deposit of all
the former at the Museum of the American Numismatic Soc-
iety and by photographs, taken in the field, of a large per-
centage of the coins now in the possession of the Iranian
Government. A few of the latter, however, from the Istakhr
excavations, were neither photographed nor described on
field inventory cards because of their generally hopeless con-
Foreword I3
dition, and these are included statistically in the unidentifi-
able category (nos. 8661046).
It remains only for me to thank Dr. Schmidt, under whom
I worked for three happy years at Rayy and in Luristan in
19341936, for giving me the opportunity to study this inter-
esting body of material and for waiting so patiently all these
years for its publication.
New York
July 1958

2*
KEY TO ABBREVIATIONS
Allotte de la Fuye-F.-M. Allotte de la Fuye, Inventaire des mon-
naies trouves Suse pendant la campagne de fouilles 1925 to
1926, etc., in Mmoires de la Mission Archologique de Perse,
XX (1928).
AntiochG. C. Miles, Islamic Coins, in Antioch-on-the-Orontes, IV,
Part One, pp. Io9ff. (Princeton, 1948).
Ars IslamicaArs Islamica, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 19341951.
Ars Orientalis-Ars Orientalis, Washington, D.C. and Ann Arbor,
Michigan, 1954.
Baldhuri-Ahmad b. Yahy al-Baldhuri, Futih al-Buldn (ed.
de Goeje, Leyden, 1866).
BerlinH. Ntzel, Knigliche Museen zu Berlin, Katalog der orien-
talischen Mnzen, I, Die Mnzen der stlichen Chalifen (Berlin,
1898).
B.M. i-xS. Lane-Poole, Catalogue of Oriental Coins in the British
Museum, Vols. i-x (London, 18751890).
B.M. Arab-ByzantineJohn Walker, A Catalogue of the Arab-
Byzantine and Post-Reform Umaiyad Coins (A Catalogue of the
Muhammadan Coins in the British Museum, Vol. II), London,
1956.
B.M. Arab-Sasanian-John Walker, A Catalogue of the Arab-Sassan-
ian Coins (ibid., Vol. I), London, 1941.
B.M. Arabia etc.G. F. Hill, Catalogue of the Greek Coins of Arabia,
Mesopotamia and Persia (Catalogue of the Greek Coins in the
British Museum), London, 1922.
B.M. Shhs of PersiaR. S. Poole, Catalogue of the Coins of the Shhs

of Persia in the British Museum (London, 1887).
EIEncyclopaedia of Islm (1st ed. 19131938; 2nd ed. beginning
I954).
FrsnmaThe Frsnma of Ibnu'l-Balkhi, ed. G. le Strange and
R. A. Nicholson, E. J. W. Gibb Memorial Series, New Series,
I (London, 1921).
GblRobert Gbl, Aufbau der Mnzprgung, in F. Altheim und
Ruth Stiehl, Ein Asiatischer Staat (Wiesbaden, 1954), pp. 51 ff.
I5
Hudud al-AlamHudd al-Alam, The Regions of the World, A
Persian Geography, 372 A.H.982 A.D., transl. V. Minorsky,
E. J. W. Gibb Memorial Series, New Series, XI (London,
I937).
Le StrangeG. le Strange, The Lands of the Eastern Caliphate
(Cambridge, 1930).
Miles, A brief ReportG. C. Miles, A brief Report on the Coins
found in the Excavations at Istakhr, 1935 and 1937, in
Actes, Congrs International de Numismatique, Paris, 611
Juillet 1953 (Paris, 1957), pp. 491496.
Miles, KirmnG. C. Miles, Some new Light on the History of
Kirmn in the First Century of the Hijrah, in press.
Miles, Mihrb and AnazahG. C. Miles, Mihrb and Anazah: A
Study in early Islamic Iconography, in Archaeologica Orien-
talia in Memoriam Ernst Herzfeld (Locust Valley, N.Y., 1952),
pp. 15617I.
Miles, Museum Notes VII G. C. Miles, Some Arab-Sasanian and
related Coins, in Museum Notes (American Numismatic
Society) VII (N.Y., 1957), pp. 187209.
de MorganJ. de Morgan, Numismatique de la Perse Antique
(E. Babelon, Trait des monnaies grecques et romaines, III,
Monnaies orientales, Tome I), Paris, 1933.
de Morgan, ManuelJ. de Morgan, Manuel de Numismatique orien-
tale (ed. K. J. Basmadjian), I (Paris, 19231936).
NCNumismatic Chronicle (London).
NHRG. C. Miles, The Numismatic History of Rayy (American

Numismatic Society Numismatic Studies No. 2), New York,
I938.
ParisH. Lavoix, Catalogue des monnaies musulmanes de la Biblio-
thque Nationale, I, Khalifes orientaux (Paris, 1887).
ParuckF. D. J. Paruck, Ssnian Coins (Bombay, 1924).
RICG. C. Miles, Rare Islamic Coins (American Numismatic Society
Numismatic Notes and Monographs, No. 118), New York, 1950.
RN-Revue Numismatique (Paris).
Schmidt, The Treasury of PersepolisErich F. Schmidt, The
Treasury of Persepolis and other Discoveries in the Homeland of
the Achaemenians (Oriental Institute Communications, No. 21,
Chicago, 1939).
Key to Abbreviations 17
Schmidt, Persepolis-Erich F. Schmidt, Persepolis I, Structures,
Reliefs, Inscriptions (Oriental Institute Publications, Vol.
LXVIII, Chicago, 1953); Persepolis II, Contents of the Treasury
and other Discoveries (Or. Inst. Publs., Vol. LXIX, Chicago,
1957).
Tabari-Al-Tabari, Ta'rikh al-rusul wa-al-mulik (ed. de Goeje et al.),
Leyden, 1879-19oI.
Tiesenhausen-W. Tiesenhausen, Moneti vostochnavo khalifata, St. Pe-
tersbourg, 1873.
Unvala, NC 1937-J. M. Unvala, " Quelques monnaies arabes
lgendes pehlevies et quelques autres monnaies bilingues
pehlevie-arabes,' in NC 1937, pp. 28o-296.
Walker, Bishpiir-J. Walker, "Monnaies sassanides et arabes pro-
venant des fouilles de Bchpour,' in Muse du Louvre, D-
partement des Antiquits Orientales, Srie Archologique,
Tome VII, Fouilles de Chpour, Vol. II, R. Ghirshman, Les
Mosaques Sassanides (Paris, 1956).
Walker, Coins from Susa-J. Walker, "Some early Arab and Byzan-
tine-Sasanian Coins from Susa,' in Archaeologica Orientalia in
Memoriam Ernst Herzfeld (Locust Valley, N.Y., 1952),
pp. 235-243.
Walker, NC 1952-J. Walker, "Some new Arab-Sassanian Coins,'in
NC 1952, pp. 1o6-11o.
Welin, Wsit-Ulla S. Linder Welin, "Wsit, the Mint-Town,' in
Bulletin de la Socit Royale des Lettres de Lund, 1955-1956,
IV, pp. 127-169.

Yqt-Mu'jam al-Buldn (ed.Wstenfeld), Leipzig, 1866-187o.
Zambaur-E. de Zambaur, Manuel de Gnalogie et de Chronologie
pour l'Histoire de l'Islam (Hannover, 1927).
ISTAKHR EXCAVATIONS
I. MACEDONIA-ALEXANDER THE GREAT
(POSTHUMOUS)
1. Alexander III. Ca. 310300 B.C. Susa. Bronze.
Head of Herakles, r., Nike standing, holding
wearing elephant skin. wreath. At 1., head of
horned horse; at r.,
AAESANAPOY
I21564 AE 17, 6.13. PLATE I
Cf. Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum, The Royal Collection of
Coins and Medals, Danish National Museum, Macedonia, Part II
(Copenhagen, 1943), no. 1065. For the horned horse symbol see
E. T. Newell, The Coinage of the Eastern Seleucid Mints (ANS
Numismatic Studies, No. 1, New York, 1938), pl. XXII.
II. PERSIS
Of the 15 coins of Persis ten (nos. 312) were found in one
spot, GI og, and form a definitely related group. The others
were scattered finds. The chronological arrangement below
is based largely on G. F. Hill's attributions in B. M. Arabia
etc. Hill's preface, pp. clx-clxxxii, summarizes all the earlier
literature and especially Col. Allotte de la Fuye's important
article in Corolla Numismatica, pp. 6397. References also
are made to de Morgan and to de Morgan, Manuel. G. F.
Hill's The Coinage of the Ancient Persians in Survey of
Persian Art (1938), I, pp. 402403, IV, pl. I26, is brief and
does not illustrate or discuss specifically the types repre-
Sented here.

I9
2O Excavation Coins from Persepolis
2. Pakur, son of Oxathres? Ca. Ist C. A.D. Obol.
Bust of king, 1., bearded; Triskeles. Around, ille-
thick back hair; wearing gible inscription.
diadem, torque and robe.
II894 AR II, O.35. PLATE I
Cf. B. M. Arabia etc., p. 229, no. 3, pl. XXXV, 3; de Morgan,
p. 4IO, nos. 47, 48, pl. XXXII, 7, 8.
This coin belongs to Hill's Fourth Series, which he dates
from the Ist century after Christ to about 224 A.D., Oxathres
is assigned by him to the Ist c. B.C. De Morgan (Manuel,
p.271) places Piruz I (= Pakur?) immediately after Oxathres
(perhaps Gocithres of Isidore of Charax), and he dates the
latter ca. 5738 B.C.
3. Pakur P Ca. Ist C. A.D. Drachm.
Bust of king, 1., bearded; As obverse, but legend,
thick back hair; wearing if any, effaced.
diadem, torque and robe
with fringe of vertical
stripes. Behind head, leg-
end: 44221.
II-9IIa AR 25, 3.85. PLATE I
This type (and cf. nos. 414, below) appears to be un-
published. The closest parallel perhaps is B. M. Arabia etc.,
p. 229, no. 4, pl. XLVIII, I7. Cf. also de Morgan, pp. 4IO to
4II, nos. 49-50, pl. XXXII, 912, assigned to Piruz II, the
second ruler after Oxathres (de Morgan, Manuel, p. 271).

The inscription is undeciphered.
4-7. Pakur? Ca. Ist C. A.D. Hemidrachm.
Similar in style to no. 3, but of crude fabric, slightly
scyphate, details obscure. No recognizable legends, except
possible traces on no. 5.
Istakhr 2I
II-9IIb, c, d, e AR 22, 21, 21, 23; 1.60, I.00, I.60, I.25. PLATE I
Cf. no. 3, above, and B. M. Arabia etc., p. 230, nos. 79,
pl. XXXV, 56.
8-12. Pakur 2 Ca. Ist C. A.D. Obol.
Similar in style to nos. 47. No legends remain.
I-I-9IIf, g, h, i, j AR 14, 14, 13, I4; O.40, O-50, O.45, O.70 (j is a
small fragment). PLATE I
Cf. nos. 37, above, and B. M. Arabia etc., p. 230, nos. IO-II,
pl. XXXV, 78.
13. Pakur? Ca. Ist c. A.D. Drachm.
In general similar to nos. 312, but of somewhat superior
fabric and evidently a different issue. On both obverse and
reverse, behind the head, traces of legend. In front of chin,
both obverse and reverse, letter A or A. Note fringe of
robe, similar to no. 3.
I-I-914 AR 19, 3.25. PLATE I
14. Kapat or Napat? Ca. late Ist c. A.D. Obol.
Bust of king, 1., bearded; Crude bust, 1., bearded;
wearing tiara with neck wearing diadem. Around,
piece. traces of legend or simu-
lated legend.
I21528 AR 8.5, o.38. PLATE I
Cf. B. M. Arabia etc., pp. 233234, nos. 1220 (hemidrachms),
pl. XXXV, 2025, and pl. XXXVI, 12 (obverse of the hemi-obol,
p. 234, no. 21, pl. XXXVI, 3, is different); cf. also de Morgan,
p. 412, pl. XXXIII, I-13 (Napat, or de Morgan, Manuel, 4th king

after Oxathres).
22
Excavation Coins from Persepolis
15. Uncertain. Ist or 2nd c. A.D. Hemidrachm ?
Bust of king, 1., with
short beard; wearing tiara
with 3 rows of pellets and
symbol ; diadem, torque
and robe; behind head,
triskeles.
I-I-907 AR 13, I.20.
Formal representation
of a double diadem with
ties (B.M.); around, bot-
toms of letters of legend(?).
PLATE I
Cf. B. M. Arabia etc., pp. 237238, nos. 315, pl. XXXVI,
1419, pl. XLVIII, 15; de Morgan, pp. 413414, pl. XXXII, 2226;
de Morgan, Manuel, p. 284. These coins, related to the Kapat
series, are attributed by de Morgan to Prince Y, some time
between ca. 38 B.C. and 200 A.D. De Morgan describes the reverse
type as figuration barbare du pyre (?).
16. Artaxerxes V of Persis = the Sasanian Artaxerxes I?
Ca. 2IO-226 A.D. P. Bronze.
Effaced.
II897 AE 17, 2.00.
Simple fire-altar with
2 steps, column, broad cir-

cular or rectangular basin,
and flames. At r. and l.,
T-shaped stools or sup-
ports. Border of dots.
PLATE I
Cf. de Morgan, pp. 418419, pl. XXXIV, 24?; de Morgan,
Manuel, p. 288, fig. 372.
III. ELYMAIS
17. Phraates, son of Orodes. Early 2nd c. A.D. Bronze.
Obscure and largely effaced.
I-21894 AE I4.
Cf. B. M. Arabia etc., type Ac, 2, p. 278, nos. 58ff., pl. XLI, 26.
Istakhr 23
18-19. Obscure and largely effaced bronze, possibly Elymais;
no. 19 has facing bust.
I21788a AE I4.
1974a AE I4, 2.16.
PLATE I
IV. SASANIAN
20. Bahram III. Ca. 293 A.D. Dirhem.
Bust of king, r., wearing
moustache, curly beard,
hair in flowing curls; crown
surmounted by globe
(countermarked with mon-
ogram P); diadem, earring
and necklace. Border of
dots. Around (beginning at
II:30 o'clock and running
Flaming altar with 3
plinths; ribbon, r. and 1.;
figure at either side facing
altar, the one on 1. wearing
globe and holdingsword(?),
the one on r. wearing mural
crown and holding staff.
Legends: at r. 2 - ite, at 1.
422 vs Border of dots.
counter-clockwise):

A 321& 2 let it a 2.4 c.22- . * * * * * * ~~~ * 14 - > *
I21549 AR 26. PLATE I
It has been customary of late to follow Vasmer and Herz-
feld in attributing the rare coins with crowns of this type
to Narseh (first type) and to accept the argument that
Bahram III struck no coins at all. A recent publication, how-
ever, persuades me that the older attribution probably is
"R. Vasmer, Sassanian Coins in the Hermitage, NC 1928, pp. 297-308;
Ernst Herzfeld, Archaeologische Mitteilungen aus Iran, IX, 2 (1938), p. 112;
idem, Kushano-Sasanian Coins (Calcutta, 1930), p. 7; cf. K. Erdmann,
"Die Entwicklung der Ssnidischen Krone, Ars Islamica XV-XVI (1951),
p. 98; Gbl, pp. 105106. Paruck objected to this view (RN 1930, pp. 1-6),
and so also evidently R. Ghirshman in a private communication to Gbl
(op. cit., p. 106).
* Samuel Eilenberg, A Sasanian silver Medallion of Warhrn III, Ars
Orientalis II (1957), pp. 487488.
correct, and I have therefore assigned the present specimen
to Bahram III. One distinctive feature here is to be noticed:
the streamers usually present at the base of the globe sur-
mounting the crown are definitely lacking.
21. Khosrau I. Year 27 or 28 =558 or 559 A.D. Nihvand.
Dirhem.
Usual type. Mint signature: c_rwl-
I-I-Io5 AR 29 (fragmentary). PLATE I
22. Khosrau II. 590628 A.D. Ardashir-Khurrah. Bronze.
Usual type of Khosrau II's silver, but in bronze. Re-
Verse, at r.: P.H.
II-243b AE 16.
23. Khosrau II. Ardashir-Khurrah. Bronze.
Resembles no. 22, but reverse, at r.: P -
II-339 AE 17. PLATE II
24-28. Khosrau II. Mints and dates, if any, not preserved.
Bronze.
Obscure coins with portrait resemblance and fragments
of name legend.
I-1325, 370, 635, 882, 918 (II18mm.).
29. Khosrau II (probably). Istakhr. Bronze.
Obscure and crude obverse and reverse resembling
Khosrau II type. Reverse, at r., axe. Obverse and reverse
enclosed by double or triple beaded borders.
I1220 AE 17.
* Cf. Paruck, pl. VIII, 161164. Two specimens in Bartholomaei's col-

lection (ibid., pl. V, 2 and 4) appear to lack these streamers, but one cannot
tell whether they are actually lacking or whether the specimens were worn
at this point and not visible to the plate engraver.
Istakhr 25
30. Khosrau II (probably). Istakhr (?). Bronze.
Similar to no. 29, but mint signature obscure.
I-I-94I AE 15. PLATE II
31-87. Unidentifiable Sasanian bronzes. 6th-early 7th c.
57 obscure and largely effaced coins, mostly not ex-
ceeding 17 mm. in diameter.
See the Inventory for the field numbers of these coins.
V. SASANIAN OR ARAB-SASANIAN
88-101. Unidentifiable Sasanian or Arab-Sasanian bronzes.
6th7th c.
I4 obscure and largely effaced coins showing traces of
usual late Sasanian types; some with possible ax mint
signature, one (I-21785d) with possible --- (Bishpr)
mint signature. Diameters: 1622 mm.
VI. ARAB-SASANIAN
A. SILVER
a) Umar b. Ubaydullh
I. Ardashir-Khurrah
102. Umar b. 'Ubaydullh. 68 H. = 687/8 A.D. TART =
Ardashir-Khurrah. Dirhem.
Usual bust. At r., name: Usual fire-altar and at-
~~#: tendants; star I, crescent
Star 1. and r. of crown. In r. At r, mint signature:
margin: - GP::=}la. GA we pee. At l., date: a**

I-21732 AR 31 (two sectors lacking). PLATE II
Unpublished, but cf. B. M. Arab-Sasanian, pp. 9899,
Ardashir-Khurrah (normal spelling ART), 68, 69 and 70 H.
Walker (B. M. Arab-Sasanian, p. cxxx) suggests that TART
is the same as ART, with an added prefix of uncertain
value. The provenance of the present specimen is a small
piece of evidence in support of this reasonable attribution.
To Walker's list of individuals issuing coins at this mint
should now be added Qatari b. al-Fuj'ah (Miles, Museum
Notes VII, p. 203, no. 42) and Umar b. 'Ubaydullh. For
some comment on the town of Ardashir-Khurrah, see
nos. 317318, below.
2. Bishpur
103-107. The same. 67 H. = 686/7 A.D. BIS = Bishapur.
Dirhem.
Similar to B. M. Arab-Sasanian, p. 99, no. I94, but
without countermarks and all correct. Mint signature is
Walker's no. 12b (which also B. M. no. 194 has, although
the catalogue gives no. 12). Star 1., crescent r. of flames.
II928/I AR 31, 3.54. PLATE II
928/2 AR 32, 3.47 (frg lacking).
928/3 AR 32, 3.27 (frg lacking).
928/4 AR 31, 3.50.
928/5 AR 31, 2.20 (frgs. lacking).
108-108a. The same. 68 H. = 687/8 A.D. BIS = Bishapr.
Dirhem.
Similar to B. M. Arab-Sasanian, p. 99, no. 195, but

mint signature is no. I2b.
I1928/6 AR 31, 3.38. PLATE II
928/7 AR 33, 3.49. PLATE II
* The find-spot of nos. 103134 has been described on p. 8.
Istakhr 27
109-134. The same. 7o H. = 689/90 A.D. BIS = Bishapur.
Dirhem.
without countermarks. Mint signature no. 12b. Star l.,
crescent r. of flames.
I-1928/8 AR 31, 3.62. PLATE II
928/9 AR 31, 3.50 (frg. lacking).
928/Io AR 32, 2.28 (large frg. lacking).
928/II AR 30, 3.24 (frgs. lacking).
928/12 AR 30, 3.32.
928/13 AR 31, 3.80.
928/I4 AR 31, 3.40. PLATE II
I-1928/15 AR 31, 3.67. PLATE III
928/16 AR 31, 3.61.
928/17 AR 32, 3.18.
928/18 AR 31, 3.59.
928/19 AR 32, 3.27 (large frg. lacking).
928/20 AR 31, 2.68 (frg. lacking).
928/2I AR 30, 3.16 (frgs. lacking).
928/22 AR 31, 3.30 (frgs. lacking).
928/23 AR 32, 3.35 (frgs. lacking).
928/24 AR 30, 2.27 (frg. lacking).
928/25 AR 31, 3.02 (frg. lacking).
928/26 AR 31, 3.41.
928/27 AR 31, 3.35 (frg. lacking).
928/28 AR 31, 3.54.

928/29 AR 31, 3.43.
928/30 AR 32, 3.57.
928/3I AR 31, 3.55.
928/32 AR 31, 3.77.
928/33 AR 31, 3.47.
B. BRONZE
I. Istakhr
135. Abdullah b. Zubayr 2 Ca. 6372 H. = ca. 682692 A.D.
Istakhr. Bronze.
Bust, r., of Khosrau II Usual fire-altar and at-
type. At r. : * * tendants. At 1.: coin lack-
22*, * 1-2
Double beaded border.Only ing. At r.: * : Double
Ist quarter of margin pre- beaded border. Only ISt
served. quarter of margin pre-
served.
I21790 AE 27 (very fragmentary). PLATE III
This coin appears to be an issue in bronze of the dirhem
type bearing Abdullh's name accompanied by the Pahlevi
equivalent of amir al-mu'minin.
136. Ubaydullah b. Ziyd. 6X H. = 679687 A.D. Istakhr.
Bronze.
Similar to the dirhems of this governor. Date: *---->
I21653 AE 22. PLATE III
The British Museum has a bronze of Ubaydullah b. Ziyd,
also struck at Istakhr, date 59 H. (?). The flan of the latter
specimen is somewhat larger, but the dies are of the same
size as those with which the present coin was struck.
137. Al-Muhallab b. abi-Sufrah (?). Ca. 7578 H. (?) =
ca. 694-697 A.D. (?). Istakhr. Bronze.
Bust, r., somewhat re- *#

sembling that of Khos- -
rau II. At 1.: ... B-2 . At r.: The space in the center
be H ow may be occupied by a sec-
* Cf. B. M. Arab-Sasanian, pp. 33ff. Note that there are Istakhr dirhems
of 63 (?) there are two probably of this date in the Yale University col-
lection and 66 H.
* B. M. Arab-Sasanian, p. 73, no. 108.
Istakhr 29
el, 4 MUHLUP (Muhallab?).
Beaded border, interrupted
by winged headdress. In
margin: /#Y at bottom and
left (?). Traces of legend in
Ist and 2nd quarters.
I21727 AE 20.
ond line of inscription, or
perhaps the coin should be
turned 90 degrees and the
center taken as an altar,
without attendants.
PLATE III
The attribution is uncertain, but the name almost cer-
tainly is MUHLU(or A)P. Cf. the dirhems of al-Muhallab b.
abi-Sufrah in B. M. Arab-Sasanian, pp. 113116.
138-141. Al-Muhallab b. abi-Sufrah (?). Ca. 7578 H. (?) =
ca. 694-697 A.D. (?). Istakhr. Bronze.
Facing bust, bearded,
robed, wearing kilfiyah. At
l.:--> 2 At r.: alia" - MU-
Facing bust, wearing ra-
diant or flaming headdress;
ribbons, upward, at either
HALIP(-1). Beaded border. side. At 1.: (?) erre."
(AFZUT *); at r.: tax (ST).

Beaded border.
I-I-I49 AE 16. PLATE III
885 AE 17 (rev. effaced). PLATE III
I21728 AE 15. PLATE III
1735 AE 17.
The best preserved obverse is I-21728; the reverse bust
and especially the mint signature are well preserved on
I-I-I49; the obverse of I-I-885 is almost totally effaced.
These extraordinary coins are unpublished, but there is a
certain amount of related or comparative material that it
would be well to assemble here. The obverse bust bears a
close resemblance to the head of the sword-girt Caliph on
Arab-Byzantine coins. Admittedly the hair here appears
* B. M. Arab-Byzantine, pp. 2243, plates VIVIII. Walker dates those
without the Caliph's name or title to ca. 670685 (5066 H.), those with
titles to ca. 670690 (5071 H.), those with Abd al-Malik's name to 685
to 705 (6586 H.).
3*
to be uncovered, but doubtless, as with the Arab-Byzantine
coins, the kilfiyah is intended. Hybrid Arab-Byzantine-
Sasanian coins are not unknown (see the publications of
Unvala, Walker, and cf. no. 143, below), but this appears
to be the first occurrence of a bust of this type.
As for the reverse, there can be no doubt that this bust is
derived from that on certain coins of Khosrau II, the bust
with the flaming nimbus which Herzfeld identified as that
of the XVarsn XVarrah (Khursn Khurrah), gloria ori-
entis, and which also occurs on certain Hephthalite and
related coins. A similar bust appears on some small bronze
coins found in the French excavations at Shpr, which
Ghirshman has attributed to Khosrau II, allegedly bearing
the dates 16, 20 and 34. The obverse of these coins bears a
bust with what appears to be a semi-conventional Sasanian
headdress, but I should imagine that it is not out of the
question that a close examination of better preserved speci-
mens of this type might reveal some characteristics sug-
* See ibid., pp. xxx, lxx and civ.
* NC 1937.
* Walker, Coins from Susa, pp. 238242; Walker, Bishpr, p. 188(no. XI);
B. M. Arab-Sasanian, p. 25; NC 1952, p. IIo, no. 4.
* Ernst Herzfeld, Archaeologische Mitteilungen aus Iran, IX (1938),
pp. 147158; cf. also idem, Iran in the Ancient East (London and New
York, I941), pp. 33033I.
* The literature on these Sasanian and Hephthalite coins with the goddess

of the flaming nimbus is considerable: see especially the references in
Herzfeld's article referred to above; J. Walker in NC 1935, pp. 242-245
(wherein most of the earlier literature is cited); R. B. Whitehead, Multan:
the House of Gold, NC 1937, pp. 6072; R. Ghirshman, Les Chionites-
Hephtalites (Paris, 1948), pp. 4149; cf. J. M. Unvala, Hepthalite coins
with Pahlevi Legends, Journal of the Numismatic Society of India, IV
(1942), pp. 37ff.
* R. Ghirshman, Une monnaie de Zyad I. Abu Sofian [sic], Gouverneur
du Fars, in Mlanges Syriens offerts Monsieur Ren Dussaud, II (Paris,
1939), pp. 697701, fig. 2. There were apparently four of these coins. On
the one illustrated the date is not legible (to me at least). Several correc-
tions should be made in this article: among others, read abi for Abu through-
out; on line 2 of p. 698, read abihi; in footnote I, p. 699, read 242 for 192.
Istakhr 3I
gesting a post-Sasanian attribution. In any case it is inter-
esting to note that there is at least a precedent, if not a
parallel, for the use of the reverse bust with the flaming
nimbus on small bronze coins found not far from Istakhr and
undoubtedly of local origin. From the same site comes an-
other remarkably interesting bronze, which Ghirshman
attributes to Ziyd b. abi-Sufyn, bearing on the obverse a
bust of Sasanian type but with a peculiar and distinctive
headdress, and on the reverse a facing bust, coiffe d'une
haute tiare. The name Ziyd appears in Pahlevi on the
obverse, and Ghirshman's supposition that this is Ziyd b.
abi-Sufyan is doubtless correct. On the reverse there are
two legends, which Ghirshman reads Sa pana (56) and
Bassorah?. In the plate I believe I can see SIHPNJA (53);
but the mint signature I cannot read, unless perhaps it is
BIS for Bishapur, which, in view of the fact that the coin is
bronze and therefore in all probability of local origin, would
be more likely than Basrah. If the date is indeed 53, it would
well suit Ziyd, who struck dirhems at Bishapr in 50, 51,
52, 53 and 54. But irrespective of the legends the chief point
of interest is the curious facing bust of the reverse which, as
Ghirshman points out, doubtless derives from the type of
the divinity with the flaming nimbus. Also probably of the
same derivation are nos. I60-16I, below.
One other bronze issue undoubtedly struck in Frs and
exhibiting an obverse certainly related to the reverse of the

coins under discussion should be mentioned in this con-
nection. Herzfeld writes: In Alt-Shirz sind kleine kup-
ferne obolen gefunden, aus der Zeit Khusraus II oder
Seiner nachfolger, wo auf der Vs. ein roh gezeichneter mnn-
licher kopf mit dem wie gestrubte haare aussehenden
* Loc. cit., fig. 1.
*See B. M. Arab-Sasanian, p. xliv, Ghirshman, op. cit., p. 698, did not
have at his command all the data regarding Ziyd's coins and the probable
date of his death.
*0p. cit., p. 147, footnote 2.
flammennimbus des feuergottes erscheint, mit beischrift
Drb oder Dry, bei keiner geschichtlichen figur der zeit
bekannter name; auf der Rs. ein menschenkpfiger buckel-
Ochse mit der krone Khusraus II, in ihrer letzten form,
und beischrift z6-buaspn oder -bsaspn, der mittel-
pers. form des medischen gunasp, guasp, also wahrschein-
lich ein satrapenname: Drb S. d. Azdhbushasp, whrend
die bilder den Feuergott Adhur und das Gushnasp-feuer
allegorisieren. I have seen photographs of the reverse of
these coins, but not of the obverse. There is, of course, no
evidence that this issue is to be dated after the Arab con-
quest, but at least we have here another example of the
divinity with flaming headdress in south-west Persia.
142. Abd al-Rahmn b. Muhammad b. al-Ash'ath(?). Ca.
8085 H. = ca. 699704 A.D. Istakhr. Bronze.
Bust, r., resembling that 3.2 x>
of Khosrau II. At 1., down-
ward, in Kufic: [~ 3.5-l ..o.22
At r., downward, in Kufic: Beaded border.
2 :--. Beaded border, inter-
rupted by headdress.
I1927 AE2I. PLATE III
Similar to Allotte de la Fuye, p. 75, fig. 5 = Unvala,
NC 1937, p. 294, no. 29 = B. M. Arab-Sasanian, p. 173.
Unvala read . . . . . . dt-pro i mansur (?), suggesting the
name of a governor with that of his father and grandfather.

The present specimen adds3 a a for the first line and the
mint name for the last; it confirms Mansur for the 4th, and
suggests AUMR. . . for the 2nd. Unvalas Dtpr, son of
Manr, certainly does not seem very likely.
It would appear to me that there is little doubt that this
interesting coin is related to dirhems of Abd al-Rahmn b.
Istakhr 33
Muhammad struck at Bishapur in 81 H., where the word
mansr occurs both in Pahlevi and Kufic as it does here. I
have therefore tentatively assigned the coin to this famous
revolutionary. For other issues of his, see B. M. Arab-
Sasanian, p. II7, nos. I.50 and Mar. 3.
143. Abd al-Rahman b. Muhammad b. al-Ash'ath(?). Ca.
80-85 H. = ca. 699-704 A.D. Istakhr. Bronze.
Bust, r., resembling that Standing figure of Ca-
of Khosrau II. Legends at liph, hands upraised in
l, largely obliterated, prob- prayer. Sword in sheath
ably ce (GDH). At r., down- diagonally across body,
ward, in Pahlevi: . . . *p, * with handle at the figure's
Margin: effaced except \#/ right. Hair arranged in
at 1. Dotted border, inter- curled locks at either side
rupted by winged head- of head. At 1., downward,
dress. in Pahlevi: --->|-Je. At r.,
downward, in Pahlevi: 4a2...
Wide margin, blank. Fig-
ure and legends enclosed by
dotted circle.
I-I-I43 AE 23, 3.58. PLATE III
Unfortunately the name on the obverse of this unpub-
lished coin is incompletely preserved, but I propose to read
it as MNSUDR]; therefore relating it to no. 142 and again sug-
gesting Ibn al-Ash'ath as the issuer. The reverse is ex-
traordinary but not without parallel: the standing figure of

the Caliph orans, in inspiration a Byzantine type, occurs
On several Arab-Sasanian coins. In bronze we have a speci-
men struck at Susa (Shsh), with a Pahlevi inscription on
the obverse and a purely Arabic epigraphical reverse, which
Unvala read, probably correctly, as ca', 'col - " " (i.e.,
* Miles, Museum Notes VII, nos. 4445.
84 H.). In silver there are several specimens of Bishr b.
Marwn with three standing figures on the reverse, the
central one facing and with hands upraised. It is remark-
able, however, that on neither of these types is the Caliph
sword-girt as he is here: in the present specimen there is a
closer affinity with the common standing Caliph Arab-
Byzantine type and with the rare Arab-Sasanian imitations
of the year 75 H. The headdress, however, is quite dis-
tinctive: the top of the head appears to be covered with a
cap, while the side hair (or is it a part of the covering?) is
arranged in large volutes or buns.
As for the reverse Pahlevilegends, the second letter of the
mint signature is unfortunately largely missing where the
surface of the coin has flaked off, but enough of it is pre-
served to indicate that probably without any doubt the
letter is a T, and therefore the mint is Istakhr. The word at
the left is identical with the word at the left of the Pegasus
on a fals of Shsh, which Unvala read farrox"ih, bonheur,
auspiciousness, and is perhaps related to a word which
occurs in the margin of several dirhems: Ubaydullah b.
Ziyd at Kirmn," and with a different ending, al-Muhallab
b. abi-Sufrah at Ardashir-Khurrah, and al-Hajjj b. Yusuf
at Bishapur.
* Cabinet des Mdailles; see Unvala, NC 1937, p. 288, no. 10 = B. M.
Arab-Byzantine, p. 83, fig. 17. Another specimen is in the Teheran Museum
(Walker, Coins from Susa, p. 240, no. 7 = B. M. Arab-Byzantine, p. 83,

no. Teh. 4).
* Walker, NC 1952, pp. 106107, nos. 1 and 2; Miles, Museum Notes VII,
pp. 20I-202, no. 40.
* B. M. Arab-Sasanian, p. 25, and Walker, NC 1952, p. 110, no. 4; cf.
Miles, Mihrb and Anazah, p. 171, pl. XXVIII, no. 5.
* Unvala, NC 1937, p. 292, no. 21.
* Cf. H. S. Nyberg, Hilfsbuch des Pehlevi (Uppsala, 19281931), I, p. 58,
line 5, II, p. 71, frz"ih, Gedeihen, Wohlstand, Glck, Segen.
* Ibid., p. 113, no. ANS. 15, and p. 116, no. ANS. 16.
* Ibid., p. 119, no. Th. 16.
Istakhr 35
144. Unidentified governor. Ca. 6090 H. = ca. 679709A.D.
Istakhr. Bronze.
Bust, r., type of Khos-
rau II. At 1.: red 2 At r.:
-& P. Beaded border. In
margin \) preserved at r.
In 2nd quarter: * ~.
I21579 AE 15.
Crude fire-altar and at-
tendants. At 1.: -- ~2 . . .
At r.: a-, ... Beaded bor-
der. In margin \D pre-
served at bottom.
PLATE III
The only known governor whose name begins with T
who struck dirhems of Arab-Sasanian type was Talhah b.
Abdullh; but I cannot recognize this name here.
145. Unidentified governor or anonymous. Ca. 6090 H. =
679709 A.D. Istakhr. Bronze.
Crude bust, r., type of
Khosrau II. No legends
visible. Border of dots. In
margin \D preserved at r.
and below.
I21596 AE 19.
Fire-altar with very

crudely executed attend-
ants at each side. At 1.: tax.
At r.: "...". Border of dots.
In margin: V3/four times.
In Ist quarter: L \o pos-
sibly for J|3.
146-147. Unidentified governor or anonymous. Ca. 6090 H.
= ca. 679709 A.D. Istakhr. Bronze.
Traces of bust, r. (?). At
1.: ..:..? At r.: traces of
Pahlevi legend. Single
beaded border.
Possible fire-altar and
attendants, obliterated by
fragmentary state of coin
and adhering bit of oxide.
Above altar (?): +. At l.,
downward, . . .2-la. At r.:
J-wa, STKHR. Single beaded
border.
II-63a AE 17. PLATE III
166 AE 17.
This issue is assigned to the Arab period for two reasons.
The cross on the reverse doubtless came into the repertory
of Arab-Sasanian coinage through the influence of the Arab-
Byzantine. For parallels see Walker, Coins from Susa, and a
specimen from Naqsh-i Rustam, no. 54, p. IOI, below. The
latter coin, as well as the present issue, exhibits another
characteristic that indicates a post-conquest dating: the
remarkable fact that the mint name is written out in full.
148-149. Anonymous. Ca. 80100 H. = ca. 699719 A.D.
Istakhr. Bronze.
Bust, l., resembling that \l J. S.
of Khosrau II; crown ex- -3 wi
tends into margin and in- Jell- >
terrupts border. At l., |2.2.2
downward and retrograde, Beaded border.
in Pahlevi: -es (for edu
RVBAK = ravk, current).
No legend at r. ? Linear
border.
1991 AE 18. PLATE III
No. 149 shows traces only of the obverse legend, and the
mint signature on the reverse is effaced. It will be noted that
the entire obverse is retrograde (not only the Pahlevilegend),

for the bust faces left, the opposite of the universal Sasanian
numismatic custom. For the word ravk, see NHR, p. II,
and for other occurrences cf. Unvala, NC 1937, passim, and
Walker, Coins from Susa, pp. 236, 240 and 24I. I have ex-
tended the probable terminal date of these issues to IOO H.
because of the developed reverse post-reform legends.
Istakhr 37
150. Anonymous. Ca. 80IIo H. = ca. 699-729 A.D.
Istakhr P Bronze.
Obscure bust? No legend SI JI N
preserved. > -->, <!
- - - - <>
I-1938a AE 20.
This very badly preserved and obscure coin is attributed
to Istakhr by analogy with no. I48.
2. Uncertain Mints
151-152. Uncertain governor. Ca. 6080 H. = 679699 A.D.
Mint effaced. Bronze.
Similar to the usual Arab-Sasanian dirhems, mint and
date effaced.<!-[] in obverse margin.
II-5II AE (disintegrated).
909 AE 27 (fragmentary).
153. Anonymous. Ca. 6080 H. = 679699 A.D. Mint ef-
faced. Bronze.
Bust r., resembling that Traces of fire-altar and
of Khosrau II. At 1.: Qes attendants? Single beaded
At r.: it->> 0-0. Double bead- border. Possible e's 2A in
ed border. In margin: at margin, 2nd quarter.
bottom *. (GA".. Traces atr.
154. Al-Muhallab b. abi-Sufrah (?). Ca. 7578 H. (?) = ca.
694697 A.D. (?). No mint name? Bronze.
Crude bust, r., of type of Crude, squat fire-altar

Khosrau II, but lacking and attendants. Evidently
winged crown. At r., down-, no legends. Beaded border.
ward, in Pahlevi: 
e-A-9 J3-2
Double linear border. al
Double linear border.
I-I-I5o AE 18. PLATE IV
626 AE 19. PLATE IV
I-21940 AE 16. PLATE IV
This type bears conventional post-reform Arabic legends
with the addition of the Pahlevi word AFD, excellent,
above the reverse area. The occurrence of isolated Pahlevi
words on late Umayyad coins from Persian mints is not un-
common.
VII. BYZANTINE
176. Tiberius II. Year 7 = 581 A.D. Antioch. Follis.
Similar to B. M. Cat. Imp. By2. Coins, I, p. 117, no. 98;
obverse effaced.
I-1245 AE 29, 8.80. PLATE V
177. Heraclius. Ca. 610613 A.D. Constantinople. Solidus.
Similar to B. M. Cat. Imp. Byz. Coins, I, p. 185,
nos. 37.
I-2-249 Al 21, 4.38 (suspension ring). PLATE V
The fact that the coin is ringed for suspension as jewelry

suggests that it is an intrusion from a considerably later
date. The excavation plot record, incidentally, notes that
the coin came from refuse in HE o2, and described the find-
spot as a mouse hole.
* Cf. NHR, pp. 1112; Unvala, NC 1937, pp. 293296.
4.
VIII. POST-REFORM UMAYYAD
A. Istakhr
178. Anonymous. IO4 H. = 722/3 A.D. Istakhr. Fals.
ul Al Aul G-:
ls,' lie -->
J-M3 J-h- ... J-lil
Double beaded border ... - 82 -
with annulets between. Linear border.
II-252a AE 20. PLATE V
179. Similar to no. 178, but "... beneath obverse area.
I21520/62 AE 20. PLATE V
180-184. Salm b. al-Musayyib. Ca. 129 H. = 746/7 A.D.
Istakhr. Fals.
Jl S O
all Si -1.4%
-A-9 J-2
Margin; & c. 2314 Alle wic- cul
>k
> --- *| J3-2
4 &_* cul
2- Margin: Ulul lie --> *l r-
Triple linear border; four * CA: *- :-h-l.
pairs of annulets; outer
thick linear border.
II407 AE 22, 1.90+.
654 AE 20, 1.86+.
I21527 AE 20.
1804 AE 20.
1838b AE2I.
Margin between linear or
beaded borders, broken by
four pairs of annulets.

PLATE V
PLATE V
PLATE V
B. Sbr
190. Anonymous. 81 H. (?) = 700/or A.D. (?). Sabur (?).
Dirhem.
*Tabari II, p. 1977: -e c > J-le 51: * ~ll & cl-Cf. Zambaur, p. 46.
- " P. 4
* Ibid. II, p. 237.
* Ibid. II, pp. 520, 533.
(sic) S J S. Conventional legends.
(sic) - , all
J &L= S
Margin: red-li li -> <! ~~
(): ()&l= <-()22
I-1-903 AR 26, 1.90. PLATE V
The obverse is very crude and almost illegible; the attri-
bution is therefore doubtful. The coin appears to be the
product of a provincial and inexperienced die-cutter. Dir-
hems of Sbr of the same date with the digit spelled a-,
are known.
191-192. Anonymous. Date if any effaced, ca. 100132 H. =
ca. 718750 A.D. Sabur. Fals.
all L- D -->
J-M3 by "I J3-
..". &2. ..'. 23'-
Margin: traces of legend. Double or triple linear
Margin enclosed by linear border.
borders.
I21739 AE I9. PLATE V
1803 AE 20. PLATE V
Cf. Walker, Bishpiir, p. 189, no. XIV, which is probably
the same as these, although both the drawing and the de-
scription of the specimen from Bishpur indicate that the
obverse has no marginal legend, while here it is clear that
one was present. Also Walker reads byl instead of the usual

ls, l, but I would not say that on the present specimen this
is the case. Walker's drawing shows the pyramids of pellets
inverted and also a pyramid of pellets above the reverse; on
the present specimen this part of the coin is damaged.
* B. M. Arab-Byzantine, p. 156, no. P.83.
Istakhr 47
C. Shirz
193. Anonymous. 130 H. = 747/8 A.D. Shirz. Fals.
Ni AJ. N. ".
- all -1.4%
AJ 2%.J- N J3-2
Triple beaded border, un- Aul
certain number of annulets. Margin: - 5'--> --> w-
* CA:
Linear border between
area and margin; outer
double beaded border. Un-
certain number of annulets.
I-21954 AE 22. PLATE V
This unique coin is of uncommon interest. Not only is it
the first known Umayyad issue bearing the mint name
Shirz, but, so far as I know, it antedates by I40 years the
earliest hitherto recorded coin of this mint (designated by
this name), a dirhem of the Abu-Dulafid Ahmad b. Abd
al-'Aziz. Another unpublished issue of Shirz from the ex-
cavations is dated 192 (see nos. 522552, below); and a few
years after this latter date the mint becomes active under
the name of Frs (or Fris), the name of the province of
which Shirz was the capital. Theoretically Shirz was
founded by the Arabs on the site of their encampment at the
time of the investment of Istakhr, but in all probability the
locality had been occupied by the Sasanians before the con-

quest." However, the relatively late date of the commence-
ment of the mint's activity would suggest that the town, if it
existed, was not of administrative importance in the early
7th century.
* C. J. Tornberg, Numi Cuffici (Uppsala, 1848), p. 98, no. 416.
* In 203 H.; see the summary of the activities of the Frs mint in G. C.
Miles, A Ninth Century Hoard of Dirhems found at Susa, in a volume
of the Mmoires de la Mission Archologique de Perse, now in press.
* Le Strange, p. 249. 60 Cl. Huart, s.v. Shirz in EI.
D. Wsit
194. Anonymous. 93 H. = 711/12 A.D. Wsit. Dirhem.
Similar to B. M. Arab-Byzantine, p. 193, no. 536.
I21742b AR 26. PLATE V
195. Anonymous. II4 H. = 732/3 A.D. Wasit. Dirhem.
I21751 AR 27 (fragmentary). PLATE V
196-197. Anonymous. I16 H. = 734/5 A.D. Wsit. Fals.
S1 Jl S -a-4:
> --> * J3-2
J &_- Aul
Five annulets @ between Margin: J-M1 li -> <! :-
inner double beaded and * 3.4 -- *-la-1:
outer linear borders. Margin between linear
borders.
I21518 AE2I. PLATE VI
1619 AE2I.
Cf. Berlin, no. 2047, and Paris, no. 1520, with 3 annulets
(Welin, Wasit, p. 154).
198. Anonymous. 121 H. = 738/9 A.D. Wsit. Dirhem.
I21725 AR 26. PLATE VI
199-200. Anonymous? 124 H. = 741/2 A.D. Wasit. Fals.
Effaced. -A-4-
Double linear border, J3-2
2 annulets. Aul

Margin: Uli" ... --> *l c-
* J.--> col - a-1:
Istakhr 49
Margin between inner
linear border and outer
border consisting of inner
thin and outer thick circles,
with 5 (?) annulets.
I-1-117AE 21, 270+. PLATE WI
I21968 AE 20. PLATE VI
This appears to be unpublished; at least there is no speci-
men in the principal catalogues, nor in Welin, Wasit. Cf. NR
no. 58, p. 103, below, with obverse preserved.
201. Anonymous? 126 H. = 743/4 A.D. Wasit (?). Fals.
Effaced. ...+
J3-2
Aul
Margin: ... lie --> *l c-
*3 J.A.e. - ... () la-1:
I-21651a AE 20.
If the mint name is correctly read this issue also appears
to be unpublished.
E. No Mint Name
202-229. Anonymous. No date. Ca. 90120 H. = ca. 708
738 A.D. No mint name. Fals.
All S -*
all Sl J3-2
-A-9 al

Single linear, single bead- Borders as obverse.
ed or double beaded bor-
ders.
Diameters range between 19 and 21 mm.
I1168 (PLATE VI), 230, 295, 319, 394, 575, 660, 886 (PLATE VI),
890, 916.
I21575 (PLATE VI), 1594 (PLATE VI), 1736b, 1738b, 1753, 1765
(PLATE VI), 1769c, 1777, 1782 (PLATE VI), 1805a, 181o
(PLATE VI), 1812, 1854, 1859a, 1876c, 1906, 1965a, 198ob.
Most of these are doubtless from Istakhr and nearby mints
in Frs.
230. Anonymous. No date. Ca. 90120 H. = ca. 708738A.D.
No mint name. Fals.
Similar to nos. 202229, but obverse:
| Jl S
all S
2-3
I-21547a AE 20. PLATE VI
231-235. Anonymous. No date. Ca. 90120 H. = ca. 708
738 A.D. No mint name. Fals.
Obverse as nos. 202-229. l-
Beaded border. -*
J3-2
Aul
Beaded border.
I21536b AE 18. PLATE VI
1808b AE 19. PLATE VI
1841 AE 18.
1970 AE 17.
1973b AE 18. PLATE VI

The word #1-, current, occurs on many Umayyad and
Abbsid fuls, beginning with the earliest Arab-Byzantine
bronze, and also as a countermark on at least one Arab-
Sasanian dirhem.
* See B. M. Arab-Byzantine, index.
Istakhr 5I
F. Mint Effaced
236. Mint and date, if any, effaced. Ca. 90132 H. = ca. 708
750 A.D. Fals.
- - - - - - Effaced.
Jal-'ll, by Triple beaded border.
[#2
Traces of marginal legend
between beaded borders.
I-21934 AE2I.
237-255. Unidentifiable post-reform Umayyad bronze coins.
Ca. 80132 H. = ca. 699750 A.D. Fuls.
IX. ABBASID PARTISANS
256-257. Abu-Muslim. Date effaced. Ca. 127132 H. = ca.
744750 A.D. Mint effaced. Fals.
J. S. J.*
all Sl J-2
o-A-9 Awl
Margin: S. L-l les... Margin: . . . . . -- 3: . . . .
- - - - All 323i Margin between linear
(Qurn XLII, 22) borders.
Margin between linear bor-
ders.
I-21935 AE 22. PLATE VII
1938 AE 20, 1.93. PLATE VII
For a discussion of these and related revolutionary coins

Struck at various mints in both western Persia and Khursn,
See NHR, pp. 1517, and the literature cited there; and
Dominique Sourdel, Inventaire des monnaies musulmanes
anciennes du Muse de Caboul (Damascus, 1953), pp. 59,
publishing a Khrijite issue of Tanbk (?), 133 H. Among
other things Sourdel makes a proper distinction between
Khrijite and Abbsid partisan issues, which I had confused
in NHR.
Cf. also no. 504, below.
X. UMAYYAD OR ABBASID
258-315. Unidentifiable post-reform Umayyad or early Ab-
bsid bronze coins. Ca.80140 H. = ca.699758A.D. Fuls.
XI. ABBASID
A. Arrajn
316. Uncertain governor. 180 or 18x H. = 796/7 or 797
805 A.D. Arrajn. Fals.
Ni Ajl S -->
-A-9 al J3-2
Je, S Aul
Margin: U-Lili l- > -- all r- Margin: Je: ' ' ' - 2 S <--le
* CA: () . . . [t-]ol-5. . . . . . cS-l.
Outer linear border. Margin between beaded
borders.
I-2178od AE 22, 4.05. PLATE VII
It is just possible that the letter , precedes the decade of
the date, in which case there is also a digit, but there is very
little space for it.
The earliest recorded coin of Arrajn, so far as I know, is
a dirhem of the year 187 H. The town was the capital of the

district of the same name, the westernmost of the five kiirahs
of Frs.
* P. Casanova, Inventaire sommaire de la collection des monnaies musul-
manes de S. A. la Princesse Ismail (Paris, 1896), no. 437.
Istakhr 53
B. Ardashir-Khurrah
317-318. Ismil b. 'Ali. 145 H. = 762/3 A.D. Ardashir-
Khurrah. Fals.
SI J. S. -1.4%
-3 ul J3-2
J &_* > all
Margin: Ulul lie --- *| Margin: J & J.-- *** A w.
* CA-213 J-# * - 3 + <-22' all - $1
Outer linear border. Outer linear border.
I21693f AE 21, 2.61 +. PLATE VII
173If AE 22, 2.84+. PLATE VII
The style of lettering resembles that of contemporary
dinars.
Ismil b. 'Ali served in various capacities in Persia and
Iraq: governor of Frs in 132, prefect of al-Ahwaz in 133, of
Mosul in the same year and in 134, 135 and 138, of al-Basrah
in I43, and again governor of Frs in 145, the year in which
these coins were struck. Other coins of his were issued in
the latter year at Istakhr (see nos. 364369, below); and we
know of still other fuls of his struck at al-Basrah in 143,
and without mint name or date."
Ardashir-Khurrah was both the name of one of the five
krahs of Frs and of the chief town of the district (before
Shirz became the capital), originally known as Firzbd,
then as Jr (Persian Gr) and again, from Byid times on-
ward, as Firuzbd." Designated by the Pahlevi mint sig-

nature ART it was an active mint in Arab-Sasanian times,
and post-reform dirhems were struck here from 80 until
"Tabari III, pp. 7275, 81, 84, 123, 142,301.
"Paris, no. 1560.
"Paris, nos. 16489, Berlin, nos. 22436.
"Le Strange, pp. 255256; Cl. Huart, s.v. Firz-bd in EI.
* B. M. Arab-Sasanian, pp. cviii-cix, etc.
99 H." The present coins appear to be the first published
bronze issue of the mint. There is, however, an unpublished
fals of the year 134 in the Museum of the American Numis-
matic Society. For other issues of Ardashir-Khurrah, in
some instances specifically named Jr, see nos. 319336,
below; and re-named Krat al-Mahdiyah min Frs, no. 581
609.
319-322. The Caliph al-Mahdi and Rabi'. 167 H. = 783/4
A.D. Ardashir-Khurrah. Fals.
S1 Jl S
OOO
> -- a *All
4 &_- ** 34
-X- ex-3'l Al
Margin: : - , J-ull lie --> :2
*3 CA-3 &- *-
Margin between linear bor-
ders.
II-364 AE 17, I.73+.
Beaded border. The three
annulets at the top of the
area may actually belong
to the marginal border.
I-21543 AEI7. PLATE VII
1783 AE 17. PLATE VII
1799 AE 17, I.7I+. PLATE VII

NI
323. Similar to nos. 319322, but obverse: Ji Y
> --> <!
etC.
I21561 AE 17. PLATE VII
Rabi' (beneath the reverse area) is doubtless abu-Fadl al-
Rabi' b. Ynus b. Abdullh, a public servant who filled
various offices under four Caliphs. He was appointed hjib
and later vizier by al-Mansur; and during al-Mahdi's reign
* B. M. Arab-Byzantine, pp. 107109.
Istakhr 55
he again performed both these functions. Our coins would
establish the fact that he was vizier in 167 H. Cf. also
nos. 391477, below, where al-Rabi's name occurs on coins
of Istakhr of the same date.
324-325. Similar to nos. 319322, but:
S| AJ N Reverse has chain border.
> --> 3 ul
4 &L=
__3=-
I21589 AE 18, 1.69. PLATE VII
1729b AE 16. PLATE VII
326. Similar to nos. 324325, but the reverse retrograde.
Of particular interest is the occurrence of the name Jr
(see above, p. 53) beneath the obverse. The implication
would be that the name Ardashir-Khurrah in the margin
was taken to mean the district," and that on these coins the
specific mint is named. Six years earlier the name Jr occurs
on some coins bearing the district name Krat al-Mahdiyah
min Frs (nos. 581609, below), but otherwise the mint name
is unknown to Islamic numismatics.
327-336. Muhammad [b. Yahy] Barmaki. 182 H. =
798/9 A.D. Ardashir-Khurrah. Fals.
N J| N -*
N - all J3-2
<! &A

ul
-* < J.
* References to all the pertinent literature are given by A. S. Atiya in EI,
s.v. al-Rabi'. Zambaur (Manuel, p. 6) gives the date of his second vizirate
as ca. 166, although Atiya says he never was vizier under al-Mahdi.
*1 Cf. other names of provinces or districts on Umayyad and early Ab-
bsid coins, such as Adharbayjn, Arrn, Irminiyah (Armenia), Sijistn,
Tabaristn, Filstin, etc.
Margin: 3 + 23 J-ull lie --> Margin: Qurn, IX, 33.
:., ca:, ca: ... Margin between linear bor-
Margin between linear borders.
ders.
II-895AE I9, 2.38. I21673b AE 19. PLATE VII
I21520/35AE 19, 2.20. 1762b AE 19. PLATE VII
1520/50 AE 20, 2.24. I864c AE 19, I.94+.
PLATE VII PLATE VII
1639 AE I9, 2.39. 1989a AE 19. PLATE VII
1641c AE 18.
1661 AE 17. PLATE VII
It is evident that the words beneath the obverse and
reverse areas are to be read together, because on coins of
Istakhr and Fas struck in the same year (nos. 478489 and
562580, below), the name Muhammad b. Yahy is written
out in full in the margin together with Barmaki beneath
the reverse. The governor therefore must be Muhammad b.
Yahy b. Khlid the Barmacide, who was hjib at the court
until 179 H. Other coins of his were struck in 183 H. at
Sbr (see nos. 510519, below). This Muhammad b. Yahy
was of course a different individual from the man by the
same name (but whose ancestor was al-Harith b. Shakhir)
who governed al-Rayy in 179 and 180.
This is the only bronze issue of Ardashir-Khurrah of which
there has been a previous publication.
337-338. Anonymous. Ix5 H. = ca. 775800 A.D. Ar-

dashir-Khurrah. Fals.
-1-3 wi ul J- all
J & 23 cl- > *
W. Barthold, s.v. Barmakides, EI; cf. Zambaur, p. 10.
* Tabari III, p. 645; cf. NHR, pp. 6768.
* Tiesenhausen, no. 1336. The word beneath the reverse was not legible
on this specimen, but doubtless the issue is the same.
Istakhr 57
Margin: -32 Jul lie . . . . Margin: Qurn IX, 33.
- - - - - - 3 J-** - 3 - Margin between linear
Outer border consisting borders.
of 5 (?) annulets between
linear circles.
1955 AE 16.
339. Uncertain governor. Date effaced. Ca. 132160 H. =
ca. 750777 A.D. Ardashir-Khurrah. Fals.
Effaced. -1.4%
J-2
<ul
Margin: Jill lie --> a c-
- - - - - - 3_- -> 25%
I21590 AE 20.
C. Istakhr
340-343. The Caliph [abul-Abbs] Abdullah [al-Saffh].
133 H. = 750/1 A.D. Istakhr. Fals.
-1.4% ...+
J3-2 J3-2
Aul Aul
Margin: all as all -- 4 All- Margin: L-la-l. Jill lie -->
* * $1 &-31 - *3 &#3 & 4-
Margin between linear Margin between linear
borders. borders.
I-21544a AE2I. PLATE VIII

1652 AE 20.
1897 AE 19.
1998 AE 20, I.75+. PLATE VIII
344-363. The Caliph Abdullh [al-Mansur]. 140 H. =
757/8 A.D. Istakhr. Fals.
4. All-
-e ul are
ca-31 - all
ls,'
Border consists of 3 an-
nulets @ alternating with
, between linear circles.
II-63 AE 18.
276 AE 20, 2.28+.
312a AE I8, I.40+.
893 AE 19, 1.83+.
-*
J3-2
al
Margin: J-M1 lie -- all c-
5'-3', C.-> *- :-la-l.
Margin between linear or
beaded circles, the Outer of
which interrupted by 5 an-
nulets O.
I21627a AE 18.
1706 AE 18.
1836b AE 18.
1843 AE 20. PLATE VIII

906 AE 20, 1.57+. PLATE VIII 187o AE 19. PLATE VIII
I21558 AE 17. PLATE VIII 1879d AE 19.
1591 AE I7. 1881c AE 17.
I593 AE 16. 1941 AE 18.
1598 AE 20. I959 AE I9.
I603a AE 2I. PLATE VIII 1962a AE 18.
A specimen of this issue was published by Soret in 1854.
Note #1 at the end of the marginal legend.
364-368. Ismil b. 'Ali. 145 H. = 762/3 A.D. Istakhr. Fals.
N. J. S.
> *-* *
4&2
Margin: J.--! --> < J-1 le
*l 4-4-1 Je J.
Margin between linear
borders, the outer one in-
* Tiesenhausen, no. 7Io.
76 Cf. no. 231, above.
-i.<>
J3-2
Aul
Margin: b-i Ulul -i- - -
* CA-213 J-# *-
borders, the outer one in-
Istakhr 59
terrupted by alternating terrupted by 5 annulets O.
annulets O and O O. Outer Outer thick linear border.
thick beaded border.
I-I-257 AE 22, 2.52+. I21569 AE2I.
PLATE VIII 1743a AE 21, 2.58+.
936 AE I9, I.90+. 1846a AE 22. PLATE VIII
369. Similar to nos. 364368 (mint and date effaced), but
margin has: alo - O ... &. J.- ...
I-21570 AE 20. PLATE VIII
For Ismil b. Ali see nos. 317318, above, struck at Ardashir-
Khurrah.
370-382. Hrn b. Muhammad (?). 149 H. = 766/7 A.D.
Istakhr. Fals.
N J. N. -*
-3 u! J3- )
J & AN Aul
Margin: J. J. A. A.N 4-A le Margin: l-l. - all c-
[* ...<] * CA-3', C *-
Outer border consists of Area enclosed by double
2 linear circles interrupted linear circle. Margin en-
by 5 (?) annulets O. closed by inner linear and
outer beaded circles inter-
rupted by 5(?) annulets o.
I-I-131 AE2I. I21614 AE2I.
3OIAE 21, 3.30. 1704 AE 20. PLATE VIII
307 AE 22, 3.23. 1752 AE 22. PLATE VIII

335 AE2I. 1767 AE 20. PLATE VIII
382 AE2I. I8OO AE 20.
937 AE2I. 1864b AE 20, 2.12+.
PLATE VIII
1933b AE 20. PLATE VIII
I have not been able to identify Hrn b. Muhammad (?).
383-390. Al-Rabi' b. al-Khatir (?), 159 H. = 775/6 A.D.
Istakhr. Fals.
N| All N -*
- ul J3-2
J 253,29 Awl
Margin:() kil&c.). All- (*) &
all e-lel Margin: U-ull lie --> a c-
Margin between linear * -- ~ :- -k-k
borders with 4 annulets O. Margin between linear
borders, with 5 (?) annulets
O on outer circle.
I-1657 AE 22, 2.16+. I21520/70 AE 23.
PLATE VIII 1587 AE23. PLATE VIII
657a AE 23, 1.84+. I949 AE I9.
PLATE VIII 1963 AE 20.
934 AE 20. 200I AE 21, 2.48.
The name al-Rabi' is certain, and al-Khatir is probably
correct, but I have been unable to find anyone by this name
in the chronicles. Both the father's name and the position
of the name in the marginal formula eliminate the possibility
that the person is al-Rabib. Ynus (cf. nos. 319323, above,
and nos. 391 ff., below).
391-470. The Caliph al-Mahdi and Rabi'. 167 H. = 783/4
A.D. Istakhr. Fals.
N| All N *All
S --- All s-all

4 &L= A." -->
Border consisting of inner &-31
linear circle, circle of dots :2
and outer linear circle; be- Margin: C:- - -i-. -->
tween the latter two, 5 an- * CA-3
nulets O.
circles.
Istakhr 6I
Diameter usually about 17 mm.; maximum weight, 3.04. AE.
II-17, 75, 92, II3 (PLATE IX), 160, I86, 199, 210, 252, 300, 354,
366, 425, 516, 521, 561, 604, 645, 655b, 884, 887, 893a, 901,
902, 919, 929, 929b, 935a, 948.
I21525, 1550, 16II, 1621 (PLATE IX), 1624, 1643, 1647, 1651b,
1651c, 1664, 1667a, 1692c, 1692d (PLATE IX), 1696b, 1697,
1702, 1703b (PLATE IX), 1711a (PLATE IX), 1712 (PLATE IX),
1723a, 1724b, 1731a, 1731b, 1731d (PLATE IX), 1737, 1741
(PLATE IX), 1745, 1754a, 1754b, 1771a, 1805b (PLATE IX),
1807, 1822a, 1838d, 1853b, 1855, 1861, 1872a, 1874 (PLATE IX),
1881a, 1890 (PLATE IX), 1896, 1898b, 1924b, 1937, 196Ia,
1967a, 1971, 1976, 1984, 1988.
471. Similar to nos. 391470, but the mint-date formula is
on the obverse between an inner linear border and a thick
outer linear border; reverse, inner linear border, uncertain
number of annulets, thick outer linear border.
I-1386 AE 19, 2.60+.
472-473. Similar to nos. 391470, but:
N1 J| N *All
- ul ** 3-4
(sic) J &L- &=}ll 2-
+ :2
Mint-date formula be- Uncertain number of an-
tween inner linear border nulets. Outer linear border.
and outer thick linear bor-
der.

I-I-919a, I7. PLATE IX
929a, I7.
474-476. Similar to nos. 391470, but mint-date formula on
obverse between inner linear border and outer thick linear
border; and reverse:
5*
OOO
*All
-* &+ll
&-3M >
:2
One specimen has a pair
of annulets at the left;
outer linear border.
I21682a AE 17.
1908a AE 16. PLATE IX
1916 AE 16.
477. Similar to nos. 391470, but:
N J S. o
- Aul *All
J &L's -* &-all
*: &-51 -
Mint-date formula; outer :2
beaded border. +
Alternating O O and O
between linear borders.
I21582 AE 16. PLATE IX
The first to describe a coin in general similar to nos. 391 to
477 was Fraehn, Lane-Poole published two others similar
to the first variety, but with an error in the first line of the
obverse on one; Ntzel described two also similar to the
first variety; and there is a similar specimen in the Museum

of the American Numismatic Society. Rabi' is identified
above, p. 54, in connection with coins bearing his name and
struck in the same year at Ardashir-Khurrah (nos. 319-326).
* Tiesenhausen, no. 1037.
* B. M. i., p. 202, nos. 105106.
* Berlin, nos. 21.312132.
Istakhr 63
478-488. Muhammad b. Yahy Barmaki. 182 H. = 8o3/4
A.D. Istakhr. Fals.
SI JI N -*
- ul J3-2
A 4.2% 4U)
& J.
Margin: c. --> *W1 4-1 le Margin: l-l. J-M1 lie -->
*3 &#, G#1 *-
borders.
Aul 4- $1 &#
Margin between inner
beaded and outer linear
borders.
I-I-932 AE 20, 2.32+. I-21679 AE I9, 2.14+.
I21520/7 AE 19. PLATE IX PLATE IX
1520/63 AE 19. 1726b AE 20. PLATE IX
1557a AE 18. PLATE IX 1811b AE 19.
1635b AE 17. I868 AE 20. PLATE IX
1641b AE 18. 1967b AE 19.
489. Similar to nos. 478-488, but apparently no e beneath
the obverse.
I-21857a AE 20.
The governor named in the obverse marginal legend (with
his family name beneath the reverse area) is the Barmacide
Muhammad b. Yahy b. Khlid, who struck fuls at Ar-

dashir-Khurrah and Fas in 182 H." and at Sbr in 183 H."
The following coins of Istakhr (nos. 490497) are only
partially preserved and cannot be definitely assigned to any
of the above issues. In view of their fragmentary state no
useful purpose would be served in describing them in full.
"Nos. 327336, above, and nos. 56258o, below.
* Nos. 510519, below.
490-497. Uncertain governors. Ca. 132200 H. = ca. 750 to
816 A.D. Istakhr. Fuls.
II-376 AE: reverse margin: . . . . a.e. . . . .
I-21520/65 AE: reverse margin: (*) --h-l. J-lill lia -->
1556c AE: reverse margin: . . . . -I - L-hel ...
1731e AE: obverse margin: ... c. --> <-S1 ...
reverse margin: ... *- L-la-l. J-lill is . . .
1778 AE: probably Istakhr
I21853a. AE: obverse margin: . . . . . * All-
reverse margin: ... l J-lill lie -->
D. Al-Ahwz
498. Anonymous. 14o H. (?) = 757/8 A.D. (?). Al-Ahwaz.
Fals.
SI JI N
-1-3 dul
A 4.2%
Margin: C- (sic?) 5, St. ... Margin: traces.
* (*) co->
Outer linear border. Margin between linear
borders.
I-21520/27 AE 20. PLATE IX
The attribution is dubious in every respect.
E. Birmqubadh
499-502. The Caliph Abdullh [al-Mansur]. 141 H. =

758/9 A.D. Birmgubdh. Fals.
4. Al l- ...+
ul are all are J3-2
&-5' 2" Aul
Istakhr 65
3:...' Margin: U-ull lie --> * r *
o *3 ca-213 &- &-
Border consists of double Margin between linear
linear circle broken by alter- borders.
nating O and , four
times.
I1938 AE 21, 2.10+. PLATE IX
I21552b AE 21, 2.85. PLATE IX
1744 AE2I. PLATE X
1758c AE 20. PLATE X
The mint of Birmqubadh has been identified by John
Walker and is equated with Arrajn, both of which names
were known to Tabari. A mint (using the signature BRM)
was located here in Arab-Sasanian times, and we know of
issues of Abd al-Rahmn b. Ziyd and al-Hakam b. abi'l-
As dated 54 and 58 H. respectively. After the coinage
reform it continued as a mint, dirhems of the years 79, 80,
90 and 93 being known. But no bronze issue of Birm-
qubadh was hitherto known, and it is of great interest to
learn that the mint was still active under this name as late
as 141 H. We have no recorded issue of Arrajn until about
180 H. (see no. 316, above).
F. Madinat Balkh P
503. The Caliph Hrn al-Rashid and al-Amin. 182 H. (?) =
798/9 A.D. (?). Madinat Balkh (?). Dirhem.
Similar to B.M. i, no. 170 ?; mint and date obscure.

I21774 AR 25. PLATE X
* B. M. Arab-Sasanian, pp. cxiii-cxvi. Cf. G. C. Miles, Abarqubdh, a
new Umayyad Mint, in ANS Museum Notes IV, pp. 115120, for a
further discussion of the confusion between Birmgubdh, Abarqubdh,
etc.
* B. M. Arab-Sasanian, pp. 8586.
* B. M. Arab-Byzantine, pp. 124125.
G. Tawwaj
504. The Caliph [abul-Abbs] Abdullh [al-Saffh]. 132 H.
= 749/50 A.D. Tawwaj. Fals.
...+ &#1 *-
J3-2 &#3
all *3
Margin: Ae (sic) cq- SJ, Margin:[*]+ l tea c-
e All 39, Si L-l 32 & 3" 2-
Margin between beaded Margin between beaded
borders. borders.
Counterstamp, consisting of a single letter or a circle, in
upper part of reverse area, causing a convexity in the
TeVerSe area.
I-21555 AE 20, I.34. PLATE X
A crack, possibly caused by the counter-stamping, is pre-
sent on the coin at the point where the mint name lies. To
judge by the width of the crack there would be a letter
between the 2 and the @ of the name; but on the other side
only the letter is missing, so it appears that the crack is
wider than the flan originally was at this point, and that no
letter is missing between and C.
This very interesting coin not only is unique but it is the
first known example of this mint. Tawwaj was a town on the
Ratin River (now the Rd-i Hilla) in the district of Ardashir-
Khurrah, near Kzirn and 32 farsakhs from Shirz. It was
an ancient town, captured by the Arabs in 18 or 19 H.

(639-640 A.D.) and thereafter settled by them and em-
bellished with mosques and a dr al-muslimn. The town's
chief claim to fame in later Islamic times was its textile pro-
* See Ernst Herzfeld, Pasargadae, in Klio, VIII (1908), p. 18, citing
Strabo, Arrian and Ptolemy.
* Baldhuri, p. 386; Yqt, I, pp. 890-891; Hudid al-Alam, pp. 74, 127,
212, 377 (spelled Tavaz); Frsnm, pp. 114, 135, 163; cf. Le Strange,
pp. 259-260.
Istakhr 67
duction, particularly of a type of linen known as tawwazi,
produced both in Tawwaj and also in Kzirn by artisans
from Tawwaj.
Our interest in this coin is not however limited to its topo-
graphical aspects. It will be noted that the obverse margin
bears the unusual Qurnic quotation Surah XLII, 22: Say,
for this I ask no wage of you, save love of my kin. This
verse occurs on a number of coins, both dirhems and fuls,
struck by Abu-Muslim and Abdullah b. Mu'awiyah during
the period of the uprisings by Abbsid partisans between
127 and 132 H. (744749 A.D.). On this account one would
be inclined at first sight to attribute this coin of Tawwaj
also to the Abbsid partisans, were it not for the fact that
the reverse margin bears the name and title, amir al-
mu'minin, of the newly enthroned Abbsid Caliph al-Saffh.
The coin therefore is an Abbsid issue and must have been
struck after 13 Rabi I, 132 (30 October, 749), the date of
al-Saffh's proclamation. The retention of the propaganda
slogan, Qurn XLII, 22, is remarkable, but we know that
it still must have been on the lips of all well-informed revo-
lutionaries, for Tabari tells us that al-Saffh quoted the
verse in his inaugural address. This is, so far as I know, the
first recorded example of a purely Abbsid coin bearing this
celebrated passage; the other known issues of the year I32
were struck either before the final success of the revolution,
or, at least in the distant mints such as Marv and Balkh,

before word was received of al-Saffh's enthronement.
* See the numerous references assembled by R. B. Serjeant, Material for
a History of Islamic Textiles up to the Mongol Conquest, Ars Islamica X
(1943), pp. 8384 (also pp. 8182), and IX (1942), p. 68, XV-XVI (1951),
' #. nos. 256257, above, and the literature cited there. To the list in
NHR should be added another specimen of al-Taymarah, 128 H., another
of Jayy, 129 H., which have come to my attention (Cora and E. Zygman
collections), and one of Balkh, 132 H., published by Ibrahim Artuk in
Tarih Dergisi III (Istanbul, 1953), pp. 135136.
* Tabari III, p. 29.
Counterstamps on early Abbsid coins are not at all
common, and it is a pity that the present one is illegible. One
can only speculate on its significance. Perhaps it validated
the coin in Istakhr; or else it may have legitimized an issue
which might have appeared to those who did not examine
it carefully to predate the Abbsid rule.
H. Jayy
505. [Al-Husayn b. al-Jannah]. 191 H. = 806/7 A.D. Jayy.
Fals.
S1 Jl S Effaced.
- all
4 &L=S
Margin: lie O --> <! - Margin: . . . .31121J. . . . .
O*, C-3 O &-- *- As OU-all
Margin between beaded Margin between beaded
borders. borders.
I21672 AE 20. PLATE X
In the Cabinet des Mdailles there is a comparable coin,
on which Lavoix read the date 18I. Could he have misread
it? The date of the present specimen is clearly 191. Beneath
the reverse area of the Paris piece is the name a-2, and the
reverse margin reads: &# 2. J., cull & co-il. A le. I have
not been able to identify the prefect, a freedman. Jayy was
the old name for Isfahn.
I. Sbr
506-507. Mus [b. al-Mahdi] and Salih b. Daud. Ca. 164

165 H. = ca. 780782 A.D. Sabur. Fals.
&-3' A-l &- <-Sl
* Paris, no. 1572.
Istakhr 69
ul Alai- 2312 cy
Margin; J, 2xl- >> * ~ v-/
cal-ll ge Margin: S ---, -ul Si Ji >
Margin enclosed by bor- l J.-: * * * *
der consisting of inner Margin enclosed by dou-
beaded circle and outer ble beaded and outer linear
linear circle, with annulets circles.
O between.
1930 AE 18. PLATE X
On no. I-21930 the words al - appear to be the first
line of the area rather than to introduce the marginal legend.
The amir Mus is of course the Caliph al-Mahdi's son
(al-Hadi), at this time heir to the throne, as stated in the
obverse margin. Salih b. D'd b. Ali was appointed gov-
ernor of al-Basrah and its dependencies, Dijlah, Bahrayn,
Umn, al-Furad, al-Ahwaz and Frs in the year 164 H.
These coins, and nos. 508520, below, are, so far as I know,
the first recorded Abbsid issues of Sbr. It is curious that
none should have been found in the excavations there. Arab-
Sasanian and Umayyad coins of the mint (Bishapur and
Sbr) are well know; among others see nos. Io9134, 190 to
I92, above. The phrasing and arrangement of the legends on
the present coins is unusual.
508-509. The Caliph al-Mahdi. 167 H. = 783/4 A.D. Sabur.
Fals.

*u- 2l-
s-all 2 C-
&-31 - 3 CA-
- - - - - *.
"Tabari III, pp. 501, 503. Cf. Zambaur, p. 40.
7o Excavation Coins from Persepolis
Margin (between linear Triple linear border.
borders?) effaced.
1997 AE 16. PLATE X
510-519. Muhammad [b. Yahy] Barmaki. 183 H. =
799/800 A.D. Sabur. Fals.
NI JI N J%
- ul -->
% all
Area enclosed by double -->
linear border, outside which Margin: 2.xl- U-ull lie -->
5 annulets @. * CA: , cle A-
Margin enclosed by lin-
ear borders, the outer of
which interrupted by 5 an-
nulets O.
I-I-315 AE I9, I.50+.
I21520/3 AE 17.
1520/13 AE 17. PLATE X
1520/51 AE 17. PLATE X
1520/54 AE 18.
1520/61 AE 19. PLATE X
1690d AE 18.
17ooa AE 18. PLATE X
1779b AE 20. PLATE X
1977b AE 18.

These coins, with Barmaki above the reverse and Mu-
hammad beneath, are to be compared with those of the year
182 struck at Ardashir-Khurrah, Istakhr and Fas (nos. 327
336 and 478489, above, and 562580, below).
Istakhr 7I
520. [Muhammad b. Yahy P] Barmaki. [18?]4 H.
800 (?) A.D. Sabur. Fals.
Ni Ali S. . . . . .
e-A-9 all J3-2
* . . . . . all
Margin: . . . . . (*) * > . . . . &
Margin between linear Margin: *- 23.1. U-uli . . . .
borders. ... 2
Outer linear border.
I21606b AE 17.
The attribution is based on nos. 510519, above, but
everything except the word 33, is dubious.
J. Madinat Samarqand
521. [Al-Fadl b. Sahl]. 201 H. = 816/7 A.D. Madinat Samar-
qand. Dirhem.
Similar to B. M. i., no. 288.
I21687a AR 25. PLATE X
K. Shirz
522552. Abdullah b. al-Musayyib. 192 H. = 807/8 A.D.
Shirz. Fals.
N. Ji S Sl 4. A le
- ul ul -i-e A*
4 & 2 S --I &
%&
Margin: 51.4. U-ull lie --> Margin: Qurn IX, 33.
* CA-3 &#1 *-

Margin between linear Margin between linear
borders. borders.
The x beneath the obverse is not always present.
II-602 AE 20, 1.25+. PLATE X I-21520/66 AE 19, 1.49+.
I21520/12 AE 20, 3.06. 1520/68 AE 20. PLATE X
1520/18 AE 20, 2.24. 1520/71 AE 21, 2.83.
1520/23 AE 20. PLATE XI
1520/26 AE 20. 1520/73 AE 20.
1520/29 AE 22. 1520/74 AEI9.
1520/30 AE2I. 1535b AE 17.
1520/32 AE I9. 1626b AE 19.
1520/34 AEI9. 1658 AE2I.
1520/37 AE 22, 2.85. PLATE X I68o AE 20.
1520/40 AE I9. 1692b AE 20.
1520/46 AE2I. 1762c AE 19.
1520/47 AE2I. 1772d AE.
1520/48 AE2I, I.84+. I820d AE 20.
1520/49 AE2I. 1960 AE 18. PLATE XI
1520/58 AE2I. 1966a AE 20.
The identity of the governor is uncertain. A certain Ab-
dullah b. al-Musayyib is mentioned once in Tabari in con-
nection with events of the year 158 H., but this is 34 years
before the date of these coins. However, this Abdullh's
father was al-Musayyib b. Zuhayr, who was a prominent
general and official throughout the forties and fifties of the
century and was governor of Khursn as late as 163 to
I66 H., in which latter year the province rose in revolt
against him. A son of his could therefore conceivably have

been active in 192 H. There can hardly be any connection
with Salm b. al-Musayyib who was governor of Istakhr and
Shirz ca. 129 H. (nos. 180184, above).
See no. 193, above, for an earlier issue of the Shirz mint.
* Tabari III, p. 455.
* Ibid. III, pp. 3, 21, 80, I35, I95, 293,382, 384.
* Ibid. III, pp. 500501, 503, 517.
Istakhr 73
L. Frs
553. Anonymous. 205 H. = 820/1 A.D. Frs. Fals.
Ni Al S -*
-A-9 &l J3-2
4 &L=} ul
Margin: Ulul lie --- *| Margin: Qurn IX, 33.
CA:-} J-* *:- U-2"
Margin enclosed by inner Margin between linear
linear and outer thick lin- borders.
ear borders, within which
5 annulets O.
I21921 AE 20. PLATE XI
This unique fals of Shirz bearing the province name Frs
was struck two years after the earliest known dirhem on
which the mint is designated by this name.
M. Fas
554-561. The Caliph al-Mahdi and Nusayr. No date. 158
169 H. = 775785 A.D. Fas. Fals.
*All *_
-* (s-all A*
&-31 2- l-i.
v-/ *L,"
Margin: ...(?)-2's 22- . . . Border Q) o Q) o'Q) o () o
Margin between inner between linear circles.
linear and outer beaded
borders.

I-1284 AE 17. I21533 AE 18.
655 AE 19. PLATE XI 1688b AE 19, 2.09.
935 AE2I. 17oob AE 20, 2.51. PLATE XI
1821 AE 17. PLATE XI
1875b AE 19.
*See the discussion following no. 193, above.
The obverse margin seems to consist of only three or four
words, the letter sad of what appears pretty definitely to be
2,..., Mansur, being drawn out to cover nearly 80% of the
circumference. The word U-ju, in Frs, is conjectural but
quite possible. One of the best preserved obverse marginal
legends is NR 61, p. 104, below.
Fas was an important town between Darabjird and
Shirz, by the 4th century of the Hijrah almost as large as
Shirz. Like Tawwaj (see no. 504, above) it was well known
for its textiles." Fas was a mint in early post-reform Umay-
yad times, and dirhems are known of the years 79, 80 and
81. A sole Abbsid dirhem attributed to Fas by Fraehn
with a query is dated 166 H.; the existence of the present
fuls of approximately the same date tend to confirm this
attribution. These coins and nos. 562580, below, are, so far
as I know, the only bronze issues of the mint that have come
to light.
It would be difficult to say whether Nusayr is the same
person whose name occurs (always without patronymic) on
a number of contemporary dirhems and fuls: AR Adhar-
bayjn, 166, AE Madinat al-Salm, 166," AR and AE al-
Basrah, 167," AR Arminiyah, 167, AR al-Basrah, 168,103
AE al-Mawsil, 168," AR Adharbayjn, 169." On these coins
the name occurs either in isolated position in the area or else
in the margin accompanied by the phrase al yaday, at the
hands of. I have suggested that this man might possibly be

* Le Strange, pp. 290, 293294.
* B. M. Arab-Byzantine, pp. lxxxv, 169.
* Berlin, no. 780.
* B.M. i., p. 206, no. 120; Berlin, nos. 215I-8; Paris, nos. 162021;
Antioch, no. I2I; and see below, no. 613.
* Tiesenhausen, no. 2772; Berlin, no. 2136.
102 Berlin, no. 788.
* Tiesenhausen, no. 1047; B.M. i, no. 100.
* B.M. ix, p. 45, no. 88t; Berlin, nos. 7812; Paris, no. 691.
Istakhr 75
a certain eunuch and freedman by the name of Nusayr al-
Wasif who in 169 was in charge of the postal service."
562-580. Muhammad b. Yahy Barmaki. 182 H. = 798/9
A.D. Fas. Fals.
Sl All N -*
*-i- wi J3-2
al & S Aul
-* J% J.
Margin: O A. S. O & Al O le Margin: *- Li Ulali lie -->
O & O J. --> * &#3 (or &#1] &
Margin between inner Margin between linear
linear and outer beaded borders.
borders.
II515 AEI7. PLATE XI I21671b AE.
562 AE 18. 1689 AE 18.
653 AE I9. 1695 AE 19.
905 AE 18, 2.64. 1814 AE 19. PLATE XI
912 AE I8, 2.53. 1847b AE 19.
I21520/15 AEI7. 1850 AE 18. PLATE XI
1520/28 AE 18. 1912 AE.
1530 AE 18. PLATE XI I969 AE I9.
161o AE 17. PLATE XI 1986 AE 19. PLATE XI
1622c AE 17. PLATE XI
This issue of Muhammad b. Yahy the Barmacide is to be
compared with others of the same date struck at Ardashir-
Khurrah (nos. 327336) and Istakhr (nos. 478-489), and

those of Sbr issued in 183 (nos. 510519) and possibly 184
(no. 520).
N. Krat al-Mahdiyah min Frs
581-602a. Anonymous. 161 H. = 777/8 A.D. Krat al-
Mahdiyah min Frs. Fals.
* Antioch, p. 117, citing Tabari III, pp. 461, 462, 545.
St Ji S -*
-3 ul J3-2
J 22.2% Aul
Margin: 3-1-J-ul-i >> Margin: J-M1 li -> <l c-
* CA-3 Job & #4 #23%
Margin enclosed by linear Area and margin en-
border, outside which 4 or closed by linear borders,
5 annulets O. outside which 4 (?) an-
nulets O and outer beaded
border.
I-I-Io2 AE 22. I21620 AE 23.
I27 AE 23, 3.37+. 1655 AE2I.
358 AE 22, 2.90+. 1691c AE 20.
380 AE 24, 2.89+. 1729a AE 23. PLATE XI
407a AE 2I. 1734b AE.
407b AE2I, 3.62+. 1740 AE 24.
462 AE 22. PLATE XI 1885a AE 21. PLATE XI
468 AE 22. 1885b AE 22.
475 AE 22. PLATE XI 1887 AE 23. PLATE XI
I21554 AE 24. PLATE XI 1973a AE 24. PLATE XI
1574 AE. HL 96, refuse AE 22.
1592b AE 20.
603-608. Similar to nos. 581602, but above the reverse
area: 2 2-.
II89 AE 23, 2.06+. PLATE XI
119 AE 22, 2.58+. PLATE XII

464 AE 22, 4.57+.
545 AE 23.
I21573 AE 24. PLATE XII
1756 AE2I. PLATE XII
609. Similar to nos. 581602, but overstruck obverse on
TeVerSe.
I21538b AE 20. PLATE XII
Istakhr 77
It is curious that only one specimen of these evidently
plentiful issues (nos. 581609) has hitherto been recorded,
and this one specimen was double-struck or overstruck like
no. 609, so that the publisher was unable to decipher the
mint name, although he did read the first part of it, Krah.
This specimen belonged to F. Soret and was described by
him in 1854." Soret speculated on the possibility that the
mint name was to be read Kilrat al-Muazzam, and for this
reason supposed that the coin may have been struck in
Mecca.
Nos. 603608 are the clue to the identification of this un-
recorded geographical name, Krat al-Mahdiyah min Frs:
the kiirah or district must be Ardashir-Khurrah, and the
mint Jr, otherwise known as Firzbd, in early Islamic
times the chief town of the district. 108 The five kilrahs or
districts of Frs in the classical Arab period were Ardashir-
Khurrah, Sbr, Arrajn, Istakhr and Darabjird," and at
one time during my preliminary study of the Istakhr exca-
vation coins I came to the conclusion that the Krat al-
Mahdiyah min Frs must be either Istakhr itself, Shirz or
Sbr." But at that time I had not noticed the significance
of the name Jr on the variety (nos. 603-608). Obviously
this new official name for the old Sasanian district was
created to honor the Caliph al-Mahdi (father of Hrn al-
Rashid)," but evidence that it did not continue long in
vogue is provided by the issues of 167 H., only six years later,

" F. Soret, Lettre M. Sawelief, Revue de la Numismatique Belge, 1854,
pp. 285286, no. 13 = Tiesenhausen, no. 915.
"Cf. the discussion under nos. 317318, above; also nos. 319323, and
(Ardashir-Khurrah with the amplifying specification Jr) nos. 324-326.
* Le Strange, p. 248.
"Miles, A brief Report, pp. 495496. I was mistaken there in equating
Ardashir-Khurrah with Shirz; it was not until later that Shirz became
the capital of the district (see p. 47, above).
* Another mint renamed in honor of al-Mahdi was Rayy, called al-
Muhammadiyah, after his given name, in 148 and for many years there-
after (down until the Ghaznavid period). See NHR, p. 31.
6*
where the old name Ardashir-Khurrah recurs (nos. 319-326);
and the latter designation is still in use in 182 H. (nos. 327
336).
O. Al-Muhammadiyah
610. Hrn al-Rashid. 170 H. = 786/7 A.D. Al-Muham-
madiyah. Fals.
Obverse similar to NHR no. 7o F, reverse similar to
NHR no. 7o G.
I-21928a AE 2I. PLATE XII
611. Anonymous. 193 H. = 808/9 A.D. Al-Muhammadiyah.
Dirhem.
Similar to NHR no. 94 A.
II-97 AR 22.
P. Madinat al-Salm
612. The Caliph Al-Mahdi. 162 H. = 778/9 A.D. Madinat
al-Salm. Dirhem.
Similar to B.M. i., no. I26.
I21588 AR 23. PLATE XII
613. The Caliph Al-Mahdi Muhammad and Nusayr. 166 H. =
782/3 A.D. Madinat al-Salm. Fals.
Similar to B.M. i. p. 206, no. I2O.
I21666 AE 21, 2.63.
For Nusayr, see nos. 554561, above.
614. Anonymous. 193 H. = 808/9 A.D. Madinat al-Salm.
Dirhem.
Similar to B.M. i., no. 226.

II203 AR 22, 2.46.
Istakhr 79
615. The Caliph al-Rdi. 323 H. = 934/5 A.D. Madinat al-
Salm. Dirhem.
Similar to B.M. i, no. 465.
I-21583 AR 25. PLATE XII
Q. Madin al-Shsh
616. Al-Ma'mun as eventual heir. 190 H. = 805/6 A.D.
Madin al-Shsh. Dirhem.
Similar to B.M. i., no. 228.
I-21519 AR 25. PLATE XII
R. Wsit
617-618. Uncertain governor. Ix6 H. = ca. 753783 A.D.
Wsit. Fals.
Effaced.
Margin: Ulul -i- - - all c- Margin: x-SI " -- (*).
* . . . . . --- a-1} . . . . . (*)-->
Margin enclosed by dou- Margin between linear
ble linear border, annulets, borders.
outer thick linear border.
I21520/69 AE 20. PLATE XII
1957 AE 20.
This issue, unfortunately not wholly decipherable, appears
to be unpublished.
S. No Mint Name
619-621. Anonymous. 156 H. = 772/3 A.D. No mint name.
Fals.

* At least nothing similar seems to be recorded in Welin, Wasit.
8O Excavation Coins from Persepolis
Sl All S -*
- ul J3-2
A 2&_* > al
Double beaded border Margin: - - --> a c-
enclosing 3 annulets O. **, co-#3
Margin between beaded
borders, the outer of which
interrupted by 3 pairs of
annulets OO .
I21761 AE2I. PLATE XII
178oe AE.
1851 AE 22. PLATE XII
T. Mint Effaced.
622. The Caliph al-Mahdi. 166 H. = 782/3 A.D. Mint effaced.
Dirhem.
Probably similar to B.M. i, no. 132 (Madinat al-Salm).
I21686a AR 24 (frg., cut in half).
623-629. Period of al-Mahdi. 158169 H. = 775785 A.D.
Mint effaced. Fuls.
Obscure bronze coins either bearing al-Mahdi's name,
or a partial date, or exhibiting characteristics of the
coinage of al-Mahdi.
I-I-31, 55, 179,412.
I21645, 1701b (PLATE XII), 1817 (PLATE XII).
630. Muhammad [b. Yahy] Barmaki. 182 H. (?) =
798/9 A.D. (?). Mint effaced. Fals.

Similar to the issues of Fasa of 182 H. (nos. 562580),
but 2%, (?) instead of , mint and date effaced.
I21520/36AE 18. PLATE XII
Istakhr 8I
631-632. Uncertain governor. 198 H. = 813/4 A.D. Mint
effaced. Fals.
S1 Jl S ... S 4 All-
*. . . . . . . . . .
Border consists of two Margin: 3: ...... ll lie -->
linear circles, between which * CA-53
alternating - and O. Margin between linear
borders.
I21849b AE 17.
1886b AE 17.
U. Mint and Date Effaced, Abbsid 2nd Century H.
Ca. 750815 A.D.
633-849 d. 221 unidentifiable bronze coins with 2nd century
Abbsid characteristics.
V. Mint Effaced, Abbsid 3rd Century H.
Ca. 815912 A.D.
850. The Caliph al-Mutawakkil. Date effaced. 232247 H. =
847-861 A.D. Mint effaced. Dirhem.
I2190I AR.
851. The Caliph al-Mu'tamid. 272 H. = 885/6 A.D. Mint
effaced. Dirhem.
I21585 AR.
852. The Caliph al-Mu'tamid. Date effaced. 256279 H. =
870892 A.D. Mint effaced. Dirhem.

I21992 AR. PLATE XII
853-854. Mint effaced. Date effaced. Dirhem fragments.
I21657 AR (date ends call.).
1722 AR.
855-856. Mint effaced. Date effaced. Fuls.
Dates end ceil..
II643 AE 17.
I-21952 AE.
XII. SAMANID
857. Mansur b. Nuh and Ahmad b. Mansur. 3xx = 961977
A.D. Bukhr (?). Fals.
Ni All N Margin: & as 2.914 Al L.--
-3 w! c-5." Al J, 23-
A 28-3 Margin between linear
Outer margin: --- *| borders.
- - - - - (*) D J-lill lia
Inner margin: (1) g- ge
*.*, c.. . . . . . . . . .
Marginal legends between linear borders.
I-21958 AE 27. PLATE XIII
This coin should be legible in its entirety but I have been
unable to read parts of the marginal legends in the photo-
graph. In some respects it is comparable to B.M. ii, no. 4II.
XIII. BUYID
858. Samsm al-Dawlah and Fakhr al-Dawlah. 38x H. =
990998 A.D. Mint effaced. Dirhem.
. . . . All . . . . .

- --> o-A-9 - .2%.J.
Istakhr 83
- - - - - - \all ... ..." (l-
|- - - - - - _* . . . ." U-3
. . . .4.2 . . . . . j6 3.
Margin: *u cl: ; c...... G-: : :
Outer border of dots, Margin: traces.
outside of which annulets Border of dots enclosing
OO (one pair preserved). area.
I21760 AR 26. PLATE XIII
Cf. B.M. ii, no. 667, with similar area legends.
859-860. Buyid. Late 4th to early 5th c. H. = late Ioth to
early IIth c. A.D.
Traces of legends suggest Byid attribution.
I21674 AE.
1763a AR (frg.).
XIV. SELJUQ?
861. Unidentifiable clipping. Ca. 5th c. H. = ca. IIth c. A.D.
Dinar fragment.
Traces of legend suggest the Seljuq period.
I2542 A 9-H (frg.). PLATE XIII
XV. ILKHANID
862. Abu-Sa'id. 730 H. = 1329/30 A.D. Mint effaced. Bronze.
Si J S . . . . . . .
...+ ...&lal-ll
- - - - - - ca: *- J
...l- d.

I21811a AE I9. PLATE XIII
863. Sulaymn Khn. 740744 H. = 13391344 A.D. Kabir
Shaykh or Shaykh-i Kabir. Bronze.
C &:
&l- *L*
Linear circle and outer border of dots, obverse and
TeVerSe.
I-21684a AE 16. PLATE XIII
The location of this mint is unknown. I have recorded in
my files specimens in silver of the Ilkhnids Muhammad,
Togh Timr and Sulaymn, dated 737," 738, 739, 73x
and 7.4x.
XVI. AUTONOMOUS PERSIAN
864. Anonymous. 12th13th c. H. = 18th19th c. A.D.
Isfahn. Bronze.
General type of B.M. Shhs of Persia, p. 219, nos. 26ff.
I-I-355 AE 24, 18.10.
XVII. QAJAR
865. Muhammad Shh. 12501264 H. = 18351848 A.D.
Irn. Bronze.
Type of B.M. Shhs of Persia, no. 576.
I21592a AE 19.
XVIII. UNIDENTIFIABLE
866-1046. 181 unidentifiable bronze coins, the majority, to
judge by their fabric, late Sasanian or early Islamic.
* B. Spuler, Die Mongolen in Iran (Berlin, 1955), pp. 129 and 133, lists

this mint but does not indicate whether or not it has been identified.
* Cf. PT 10, p. 88, below.
PERSEPOLIS TERRACE EXCAVATIONS
I. SASANIAN
1. Ardashir I. 22424I A.D. Dirhem.
Bust of king, r., with Fire-altar on fluted shaft
moustache, long plaited standing on two steps;
beard, side and back hair; handles resembling lion's
low crown surmounted by paws resting on incense
globe. vessels. At r. nn-uru ; at
Legend (beginning at 1. "Eve-.
II:30 o'clock):
1-3/mu% llcl] "A-lt va-'ll onCVUC (V22) LT 1 ff wo
PT-564 AR 24, 3.85 (broken in 2 pieces). PLATE XIII
Cf. Paruck, nos. 37 ff., plates II and III. Note that the
reverse legend is opposite to the usual order.
2. Khosrau II. Year 31 = 62o A.D. I (?) = Shirajn (?).
Dirhem.
Usual type, with -3 a as in obverse margin. Reverse: at r.
- ; at 1. --~~~.
PT-5373a AR 28, 3.oo. PLATE XIII
The mint mark is Walker's no. 49, which he tentatively
assigned to Shirajn, the old capital of Kirmn province;
and I have supported this hypothesis."
II. ARAB-SASANIAN
3. Abdullah b. Zubayr. 63 H. (?) = 682/3 A.D. (?). ZR =
Zaranj. Dirhem.
* Cf. Miles, Kirmn.

85
Usual bust. At r.: Usual fire-altar and at-
"Dra tendants. At r. , ; at
--~~ 1.  *
<l al- #.
In segments between
In segments between tri-
square and circle: 3.
angle and circle: ||c. --
*...- 3...?
PT-5845 AE 22, 2.50. PLATE XIV
For the same mint name on a coin of Sulaymn Khn, see
Istakhr Excavations, no. 863, p. 84, above.
VI. ILKHANID OR SUCCESSOR
11-13. Uncertain rulers. Ca. 700750 H. = ca. 13001350
A.D. Mints effaced. Bronze.
Few traces preserved; roughly attributable by style
and fabric.
PT-3Io AE 23.
I8 AE I6.
19 AE 25.
VII. MUZAFFARID
14. Shh Shuja'. 765786 H. = 13631384 A.D. Idhaj.

Dirhem.
Within square formed by Within curved polygonal
elongated bases of sur- frame:
rounding inscription:
Persepolis Terrace 89
-l. (sic) dualli
& &-3.J 24,
Around:J,-, - al... J. S el: -la all ..
Aul - .C.' *_
<1, all al-
scroll
PT-314 AR 18, 1.40. PLATE XIV
Quite a few coins of this dynasty struck at Idhaj have
been published, but none, so far as I know, of this type.
Idhaj, the Ml-Amir or Malamir of today, lies in Khzi-
stn south-east of Tustar on the Dujayl."
VIII. TIMURID
15. Timr Grkhn and Mahmud. Date effaced or no date.
Ca. 7908oo H. = ca. 13881398 A.D. Shirz. Bronze.
- - - - - - - Within ornamental
....* dual-J.. circle (?):
362; 23. - *J-le
- - - - - - exj... 5'-->
PT-584o AE 20, 1.98. PLATE XIV
Cf. B.M. vii, nos. 3843, in some respects similar, but
this is a different issue.
IX. AUTONOMOUS PERSIAN
a) Shirz
16. Anonymous. 12th13th c. H. = 18th19th c. A.D.
Shirz. Bronze.
Unidentifiable quadru- J-3"

ped, walking right. *-
5'--> -->
PT-516 AE 25, 18.30. PLATE XIV
"Le Strange, p. 245.
b) Uncertain Mint
17. Anonymous. Probably 11th12th c. H. = 17th18th c.
A.D. Mint? Bronze.
See illustration.
PT-5839 AE 17 x 13, I.45. PLATE XIV
18. Anonymous. 12th13th c. H. = 18th19th c. A.D. Mint
effaced. Bronze.
Lion (?), walking right. . . . . ."
------
PT-5436 AE 21, 9.50.
X. UNIDENTIFIABLE ISLAMIC
19. Unidentifiable, probably after 8th c. H. = after 14th c.
A.D. Bronze.
Traces of letters on one side.

PT-36 AE 17.
NAQSH-I RUSTAM EXCAVATIONS
I. PERSIS
1. Artaxerxes V and Papek. Ca. 200 A.D. Obol?
Bust of Artaxerxes V, Bust of Papek, left, wear-
facing; long pointed beard, ing tiara. At r.: *-->4. At
long side hair. Tiara with 1.: el/2. Border of dots,
star and crescent in center. overlapping at r.
At r.: */4*. At 1.: ***.
Border of dots.
NRI-53AR II, o.55. PLATE XIV
This type appears to be unpublished. Of comparable style
is de Morgan, Manuel, p. 288, fig. 370; and cf. de Morgan,
pl. XXXIV, nos. 1822.
II. SASANIAN
A. SILVER118
2. Bahram IV. 388-399 A.D. Uncertain mint. Dirhem.
Type of Paruck, nos. 284286, pl. XIII. Obverse legend
abbreviated and barbarous. Reverse: at 1. - ; at r. v .
NR257 AR 25. PLATE XIV
3. Bahram V. 420438 A.D. No mint signature? Dirhem.
Semi-barbarous type somewhat comparable to Paruck,
no. 318, pl. XIV. Obverse: illegible inscriptions r. and 1.
Reverse: no legible inscription, possible traces at r.
NR25I AR 30. PLATE XIV
* Arranged chronologically by rulers, and alphabetically by mints within
reigns.

7 9I
4. Hormizd IV. Year 5 = 583 A.D. NIH = Nihvand.
Dirhem.
Type of Paruck, nos. 343 ff., pl. XX. Reverse: at r. Luyl-,
at 1. ..auseus" .
NRI-9/I AR 28 (fragmentary). PLATE XIV
This mint signature has been identified by Walker (B.M.
Arab-Sasanian, p. civ, no. 45). It is Paruck's no. 134. Gbl
for some reason omits it.
5. Hormizd IV. Year 9 = 587 A.D. RD = Rayy. Dirhem.
Reverse: at r. -33; at 1. -a-w.
NRI-9/2 AR 27, 2.70+ (frg. lacking).
6. Khosrau II. Year 37 = 626 A.D. DR = Darabjird. Dirhem.
Usual type. Reverse: at r. 43; at 1. over.
NRI-9/12 AR 32, 3.40.
The mint signature is Paruck's no. 78, Gbls no. 32.
7. Khosrau II. Year 31 = 62o A.D. MR = Merv. Dirhem.
Usual type. Reverse: at r. la ; at 1. -->e.".
NRI-9/1o AR 28 (frgs. lacking).
The mint signature is Walker's no. 4oa, Paruck's no. IIo,
Gbls no. 47 (2nd variety).
8. Khosrau II. Year 33 = 622 A.D. MR = Merv. Dirhem.
Usual type. Reverse: at r. Is at 1. --> <-->.
NRI-9/11 AR 28, 2.81. PLATE XIV
9. Khosrau II. Year 26? = 615 A.D. ? NHR = Nahr-Tir.
Dirhem.
Usual type. Obverse: -3 o- in 2nd quarter. Reverse: at

r.-CA.; at 1. U---.
NRI-9/8 AR 33, 3.23+ (frg. lacking).
Naqsh-i Rustam 93
10. Khosrau II. Year 35 = 624 A.D. NHR = Nahr-Tir.
Dirhem.
Usual type, but in obverse margin, 2nd quarter: au.
Reverse: at r. Al-; at 1. -->e.
NR215 AR 33. PLATE XV
Note the unusual marginal legend. The mint signature is
apparently a variety of Paruck's no. 130, Walker's no. 44a,
Gbls no. 53, but at all events almost certainly NHR.
11. Khosrau II. Year 7 = 596 A.D. NH = Nihvand. Dirhem.
Early beardless type. Reverse: at r. _AU ; at 1. --.
NRI-9/3 AR 31, 3.28+ (frg. lacking). PLATE XV
The mint signature is Walker's no. 43 or 43a, Paruck's
no. 130 or I3I, Gbls no. 5I.
12. Khosrau II. Year 16 = 605 A.D. NIH = Nihvand.
Dirhem.
Usual type. Reverse: at r. --"L; at 1. ----.
NRI-9/5 AR 32, 3.37. PLATE XV
For the mint signature, compare no. 4.
13. Khosrau II. Year 28 = 617 A.D. NH = Nihvand.
Dirhem.
Usual type. Reverse: at r. AA.; at 1. ww-.
NRI-9/9 AR 31, 3.12+ (Small frg. lacking). PLATE XV
For the mint signature, compare no. II.
14. Khosrau II. Year 17 = 606 A.D. RD = Rayy. Dirhem.
Usual type. Reverse: at r. -35 ; at 1. -3 ve".
NRI-9/6 AR 28, 2.97+.

7*
15. Khosrau II. Year 34? = 623 A.D. ? ST = Istakhr.
Dirhem.
Usual type, but in obverse margin, 2nd quarter: -3 a_x>.
Reverse: at r. a+; at 1. --4----.
NR238 AR 24 (clipped). PLATE XV
16. Khosrau II. Year 35 = 624 A.D. R? = Shirajn 2
Dirhem.
Usual type. Reverse: at r. le; at 1. --> -e-.
NRI-9/7 AR 31, 2.88+ (frgs. lacking). PLATE XV
The mint signature is enigmatic. Perhaps comparable are
Paruck's no. 2 (AB, Abrashahr?), his nos. 186 and 208 (un-
certain attribution), Gbls no. 64 and Walker's no. 49,
Shirajn. The latter seems to me the most likely identification.
Shirajn was the late Sasanian and early Islamic capital of
Kirmn province.
17. Khosrau II. 590628 A.D. Date effaced. ZR = Zaranj.
Dirhem.
Usual type. Reverse: at r. --> ; at 1. obscure.
I-I-9/4 AR 31, 3.60.
The mint signature is a variant of Paruck's nos. 248-251,
Walker's no. 57 and Gbls no. 73.
B. BRONZE
18-20. Probably Khosrau II. 590628 A.D. Bronze.
Three poorly preserved and obscure bronze coins with
obverse bust resembling that of Khosrau II and reverse
fire-altar and attendants; one (NRI-45) possibly bearing

the Istakhr mint signature.
NRI-45AE 16.
5I AE 27.
56 AE 13.
119 Cf. Miles, Kirmn.
Naqsh-i Rustam 95
21. Late Sasanian. 6th7th c. A.D. Bronze.
Traces of bust? Camel (?), walking r.
NRI-49 AE 17.
22-29. Late Sasanian. 6th7th c. A.D. Bronze.
Obscure largely effaced coins recognizable by their
fabric as late Sasanian but otherwise unidentifiable.
NRI-46a AE 20. NRI-6I AE I4.
46b AE I4. 62 AE 13.
58 AE 18. 63 AE 16.
6O AE I2. NR248 AE II.
III. ARAB-SASANIAN
A. SILVER
a) Anonymous
30. Anonymous (name of Yezdigird III). 20 Y.E. = 31 H.
= 651/2 A.D. NHR = Nahr-Tir. Dirhem.
Usual type of Yezdigird Usual type. At r. -&l.; at
III, with name at right. In 1. a ". Crescent 1., star r.
margin, 2nd quarter, traces of flames.
of Kufic legend a:-(?).
NRI-9/13 AR 28, 2.35+ (clipped). PLATE XV
Cf. B. M. Arab-Sasanian, p. 3, no. 2, which has all r- in
the margin.
b) Abdullah b. Zubayr
I. Ardashir-Khurrah
31. Abdullah b. Zubayr. 66 H. = 685/6 A.D. ART = Arda-
shir-Khurrah. Dirhem.

Similar to B. M. Arab-Sasanian, p. 29, no. I.14, except
obverse margin: a**!" (#Y% ul (-4. Reverse: at r. V- "" ;
at 1. row"/J-2. Star 1., crescent r. of flames.
NRI-9/16 AR 32, 3.45. PLATE XVI
* Yezdigird era.
2. Kirmn
32. Abdullah b. Zubayr. 69 H. = 688/9 A.D. KRMNRMAN =
Kirmn. Dirhem.
Similar to B. M. Arab-Sasanian, p. 32, no. 4I, except
different dies, no countermarks. Reverse: at r. v.s'>; at
l. v., ". Crescent l., star r. of flames.
NR19/17 AR 31, 3.61. PLATE XVI
Mention of this specimen was made in Miles, Kirmn,
footnote 16. The mint signature bears an unpublished variety
of suffix, the meaning of which, like the numerous others at
the Kirmn mint, is undetermined.
c) Ziyd b. abi-Sufyan
33. Ziyd b. abi-Sufyn. 41 Y.E. = 53 H. = 672/3 A.D.
DAP = Darabjird. Dirhem.
Similar to B. M. Arab-Sasanian, p. 40, no. 58, except
mint signature a-3. Star l., crescent r. of flames.
NRI-9/14 AR 31, 3.47. PLATE XVI
Walker reads this variety of the Darabjird mint signature
as DAR (his no. 18), but it would seem to me that DAP is a
more likely reading.
d) Ubaydullah b. Ziyd
34. Ubaydullah b. Ziyd. 62 H. = 681/2 A.D. BJRA = al-
Basrah. Dirhem.
Similar to B. M. Arab-Sasanian, p. 59, no. 88. Reverse:
pellet r. of mint signature; at 1. ". Crescent l., pellet
r. of flames.

NRI-9/15 AR 28, 2.31 + (frg of rim lacking). PLATE XVI
121. Cf. Miles, Kirmn.
Naqsh-i Rustam 97
e) Umar b. 'Ubaydullah
I. Bishapr
35-36. Umar b. 'Ubaydullah. 67 H. = 686/7 A.D. BIS =
Bishpr. Dirhem.
Similar to Istakhr Excavations, nos. Io9107, p. 26,
above.
NRI-9/18 AR 31, 3.51.
9/19 AR 32, 3.50. PLATE XVI
37. The same. 68 H. = 687/8 A.D. BIS = Bishapur. Dirhem.
Similar to Istakhr Excavations, no. Io8, p. 26, above.
NRI-9/20 AR 32, 3.62.
38. The same.
Similar to no. 37, but star l., crescent r. of flames, as on
B. M. Arab-Sasanian, no. 196.
NRI-9/2I AR 31, 3.45. PLATE XVI
39-40. The same. 69 H. = 688/9 A.D. BIS = Bishapur.
Dirhem.
Similar to B. M. Arab-Sasanian, p. 100, no. 197, ex-
cept: mint signature no. 12b, and date written ww.y-w)ow.
Star 1., crescent r. of flames.
NRI-9/22 AR 31, 3.61.
9/23 AR 31, 3.45. PLATE XVI
41-45. The same. 7o H. = 689/90 A.D. BIS = Bishapur.
Dirhem.
Similar to Istakhr Excavations, nos. Io9134, p. 27,

above.
NRI-9/26 AR 31, 3.52.
9/27 AR 30, 3.47. PLATE XVII
9/28 AR 30, 2.87+ (clipped).
9/3I AR 31, 3.20.
9/32 AR 31, 3.30. PLATE XVII
(9/36 AR 32, 3.48). PLATE XVII
46. The same.
Similar to nos. 4145, but date written ex-woo.
NRI-9/33 AR 31, 2.85+ (frg lacking).
47-48. The same.
Similar to nos. 4145, but no pellet before all in obverse
margin.
NRI-9/29 AR 31, 3.48+ (piece lacking). PLATE XVII
9/30 AR 31, 3.I.O. PLATE XVII
2. Uncertain Mint
49. The same. 69 H. = 688/9 A.D. VISP or NISP or NI, etc.?
Dirhem.
Similar to B. M. Arab-Sasanian, p. 102, no. B.35, but
obverse margin: ". GP ::=} * -/RY. Reverse: at r. co".
Star 1., crescent r. of flames.
NRI-9/24 AR 32, 3.40. PLATE XVII
50. The same.
Similar to no. 49, but mint written: . ca"..
NRI-9/25 AR 32, 3.48. PLATE XVII
* This coin, now among those belonging to the Oriental Institute, was
found in the envelope marked NRI-9/36, but the field inventory card for

this number (prepared by the writer in 1936) describes a coin of Qatari
(see no. 53, below). Obviously at some point two coins and envelopes were
switched. In order to keep the number of specimens correct I have counted
only five specimens of this issue, as one of the others listed above (now in
Teheran) may actually be the one now in envelope 9/36.
Naqsh-i Rustam 99
The mint signature is a puzzle. The letters can be read in
many different ways. Walker (B. M. Arab-Sasanian, p. civ,
no. 45a and p. cxxv) reads NIH (?) for Nihvand, but I find
it difficult to accept this interpretation. Could it by any
chance be a rendering of the old Pahlevi name of Bishapur,
that is, Weh-Shhpuhr P The fact that all the other coins of
Umar b. 'Ubaydullh in this hoard were struck at the mint
of Bishpr might lend some support to this suggestion.
The only other known example of this mint signature is on
a coin of Umar b. 'Ubaydullah, year 72 (?).
f) Atiyah b. al-Aswad
51. Atiyah b. al-Aswad. 73 H. = 692/3 A.D. KRMAN-RB (?)
= Kirmn. Dirhem.
Usual bust. At r.: +% Usual fire-altar and at-
In margin: tendants. At r.: -'r-e ; at
GA ASI J, all c-' ('\ 1. p-va-". Star l., crescent
r. of flames.
NRI-9/34 AR 31, 3.38. PLATE XVIII
Cf. B. M. Arab-Sasanian, p. III, no. I.45, dated 73 or 76 (?),
with a different mint suffix. Here we have still another va-
riety of these mysterious appended letters. Cf. no. 32, above.
This specimen was mentioned and illustrated in Miles,
Kirmn, footnote 22, plate, 3.
52. The same. 74 H. = 693/4 A.D. KRMAN-NHR = Kirmn.
Dirhem.
Similar to no. 51, but in 3rd quarter of obverse margin:

-->". Reverse: at r. 1-442; at 1. 2-e-)-c.
NRI-9/35 AR 31, 3.72.
* If the first letter is N, the abbreviation might be for Nshpr, which
according to Mustawfi was a form of the name Bishpr (Le Strange,
p. 263).
* Miles, Museum Notes VII, no. 37.
IOO Excavation Coins from Persepolis
Cf. B. M. Arab-Sasanian, p. III, no. Th.I5, and RIC,
no. 29, which however lack the Pahlevi legend in the 3rd
quarter of the obverse and have mint signature KRMAN
(Walker's no. 28). The mint signature here appears to be
similar to Walker's no. 34. The present specimen was men-
tioned in Miles, Kirmn, footnote 22. An unpublished speci-
men is a recent American Numismatic Society accession
(ANS 57.84) with " in the 3rd quarter of the obverse and
mint signature were (Walker's no. 33).
g) Qatari b. al-Fujah
53. Qatari b. al-Fujah. 75 H. = 694/5 A.D. DARTM or
DARAWM = Darabjird. Dirhem.
mint signature appears to be: *%-3.
NR19/36 AR 30, 3.70.
The mint signature is reproduced here from my own tran-
scription of it in the field. It is possible that the letter which
I read as a t is blurred and actually is the same as the element
on the B.M. specimen, i.e., AW. Unfortunately there is no
photograph of the coin and it is presumably in the Teheran
Museum. An unpublished specimen in the American Numis-
matic Society (ANS 56.137) has ** 23. Another variety of
the same mint and date (with mint signature DA apparently)
has been described since the publication of B. M. Arab-
Sasanian.
Both John Walker and I" are mistaken in furnishing

Qatari's name with the definite article. The legend of course
does not have it, and he is simply Qatari in the chronicles.
* This is the coin which originally bore the field number NRI-9/36. Cf.
footnote I22, above.
* T. O. Mabbott in Numismatic Review IV (1947), p. 28, not illustrated.
* Miles, Museum Notes VII, p. 203.
128 I owe this observation to G. Levi Della Vida.
Naqsh-i Rustam IOI
B. BRONZE
a) Istakhr
54. Uncertain governor. Ca. 7090 H. = ca. 689709 A.D.
Istakhr. Bronze.
Facing head, bearded. In center, uncertain fig-
Cross above headdress. At ure, possibly a large tall M,
r. Ae-, ; at 1. p-row, and with G^e beneath base line.
above it ~~~ (?). Beaded At r )-es'; at 1. "E-2,
border. (APSTAN). Beaded border.
NR22 AE 20. PLATE XVIII
This very interesting coin is unique. The occurrence of the
Byzantine cross and M on hybrid Arab-Sasanian bronzes is
however not without parallel; cf. Walker, Coins from Susa,
nos. 6, 13, 15. The almost complete spelling out of the mint
name is met with on two specimens found in the Istakhr
excavations (nos. I46147, above, p. 35), where also a cross
is present above the reverse type. APSTAN, for apastn, is an
important addition to the limited Pahlevi vocabulary of
Arab-Sasanian numismatics. There can be little doubt about
the correctness of the reading, which I owe to my friend
Professor Richard N. Frye. The word is common on Sasanian
seals, the meaning essentially being, refuge, confidence,
faith, I would suggest that here the sense is identical
with the Arabic al-waf, which already appears on some
Arab-Byzantine bronzes, and soon occurs frequently on
bronze coins of pure Arab type, as well as on glass

weights.
120 P. # & G. Steindorff, Sassanidische Siegelsteine (Berlin, 1891),
# an. Zuflucht, H. S. Nyberg, Hilfsbuch des Pehlevi II (Upp-
sala, 1931), p. 16; apesti, Paruck, p. 274.
* B. M. Arab-Byzantine, p. 51.
* E.g., at al-Rayy in IoI, 104, IIo and 116 H. (NHR, nos. 2628, 30);
and for others, with or without mint name, cf. B. M. Arab-Byzantine, index.
* G. C. Miles, Contributions to Arabic Metrology, I (ANS Numismatic
Notes and Monographs, No. 141, N.Y., 1958), index.
IO2 Excavation Coins from Persepolis
b) Uncertain Mint
55. Anonymous. IIx H. (?) = 728737 A.D. (?). Mint ef-
faced. Bronze.
Crude bust, r., with tall SI JI S
headdress. On breast ogo. - ul
At l., downward A.<; at r., ... <>
downward (faint) all J, -2. Margin:*,(), e..... *fc-
Across face, upward a 2. Beaded border with an-
Double beaded border. nulets (?).
NR23b AE2I. PLATE XVIII
It is a great pity that the reverse of this truly remarkable
coin is not completely preserved so that the mint and exact
date can be fixed. The word -e is fairly certain, placing the
issue probably in the teens of the 2nd century of the Hijrah;
at all events it is after 99 H., because :- is entirely clear.
The combination of a bust of Sasanian inspiration (though
no longer the bust of Khosrau II) with a developed con-
ventional post-reform reverse (one would normally call it the
obverse since it bears the first part of the shahadah and the
mint-date formula, but I have given precedence to the bust)
presents an advanced stage of transitional hybrid. It would
be interesting to know whether or not the word -2 across
the face is a counterstamp or is on the die itself. Despite the
fact that there appears to be no corresponding protuberance
on the other side of the coin, I would judge that the word is
a counterstamp and that it was intentionally applied to

mutilate the face, which one may assume had by this time
become distasteful to strict partisans of the nascent Islamic
iconoclastic sentiment.
For coins with a somewhat similar bust in combination
with a post-reform legend, cf. Istakhr Excavations, nos. I55
I59, p. 38, above.
Naqsh-i Rustam I03
56. Uncertain. Ca. 80120 H. = ca. 699738 A.D. Uncertain
mint. Bronze.
An obscure coin with 2 or 3-line legends on each face,
the characters either Pahlevi or possibly Kufic engraved
by a Pahlevi-writing artisan.
NRI-59 AE 22. PLATE XVIII
IV. POST-REFORM UMAYYAD
a) Istakhr
57. Anonymous. I30 H. = 747/8 A.D. Istakhr. Fals.
Similar to Istakhr Excavations, nos. 185189, p. 45
above, but there are evidences on both sides that the
specimen was restruck on an earlier coin.
NR23o AE2I. PLATE XVIII
b) Wsit
58. Anonymous. I24 H. = 741/2 A.D. Wsit. Fals.
Ni Al S -->
> --> * J3-2
* 23.2 <ul
Double linear border en- Margin: J-M1 lie --> a c-
closing 5 annulets; outer * c + c2 - "-2.
broad linear border. Linear border enclosing
area; linear border with 3
(of 5?) half annulets en-
closing margin; outer broad
linear border.
NRI-48 AE 20, 2.78. PLATE XVIII

Cf. Istakhr Excavations, nos. I99200, p. 48, above, prob-
ably the same, but obverse effaced.
c) Uncertain Mint
59. Uncertain governor. Ca. Ioo-132 H. = ca. 718750 A.D.
Fals.
Usual formulae, no significant legends preserved.
NRI-55 AE 19.
V. ABBASID
a) Ardashir-Khurrah (?)
60. Uncertain governor or anonymous. Date effaced. Mid-
2nd. c. H. = ca. 750790 A.D. Ardashir-Khurrah (?). Fals.
Effaced except for obverse margin: ... [i_* > -- . . .
(*). - .***k,
NR152 AE 20.
b) Fas
61. The Caliph al-Mahdi and Nusayr. No date. 158169 H. =
775785 A.D. Fas. Fals.
Similar to Istakhr Excavations, nos. 554561, p. 73,
above.
NR23a AE 20. PLATE XVIII
c) Krat al-Mahdiyah min Frs
62-63. Anonymous. 161 H. = 777/8 A.D. Kurat al-Mahdiyah
min Frs. Fals.
Similar to Istakhr Excavations, nos. 603608, p. 76,
above, except that beneath obverse, ornament or letter:
*@.
NRI-5O AE 23, 2.30. PLATE XVIII

2I AE 23. PLATE XVIII
Naqsh-i Rustam IO5
c) Madinat al-Salm
64. Anonymous. 213 H. = 828/9 A.D. Madinat al-Salm.
Dirhem.
Similar to Berlin, no. I413.
NRI54 AR 28 (frg., $). PLATE XVIII
e) Mint Effaced
65. Uncertain governor. 15x = 768776 A.D. Mint effaced.
Fals.
Margin: ....(s)". A le Margin: . . . . i* --> a c-
* CA-. . . .
Margin within dotted Margin within inner dot-
borders. ted border and outer bead-
ed border. Annulets?
NR250 AE2I.
66. The Caliph al-Mahdi. 16x = 777786 A.D. Mint effaced.
Fals.
N1 All N [*s-s-li all
- ul -->
Je, ; & 3il 2-
Five annulets between Margin: *, co-....al c-
thin inner and thick outer
linear borders.
NR23c AE 18.
67. Unidentifiable, probably Abbsid. 2nd c. H. = 8th c.
A.D. Fals.
Almost completely obliterated.

NRI-47 AE 19.
IO6 Excavation Coins from Persepolis
VI. ILKHANID
68. Abu-Sa'id. No date. 716736 H. = 13161336 A.D. Mint
effaced. Bronze.
Within polygonal frame Traces of ornament or
surrounded by linear bor- legend.
der and border of dots:
3.
--
2-le
NR-217 AE 20. PLATE XVIII
Cf. Persepolis Terrace Excavations, no. 9, p. 87, above.
VII. ILKHANID OR SUCCESSOR
69. Uncertain ruler. Date effaced. 8th c. H. = 14th c. A.D.
Uncertain mint. Bronze.
Within square enclosed In center, within circle:
by circle: . . . . .
Si Al N -->
--> <ul *
ul J5-2 Margin: ....(s)elial-....
Outer linear border.
NR-259 AE2I. PLATE XVIII
VIII. MUZAFFARID
70. Shh Shuj. No date. 765786 H. = 13631384 A.D.
Shirz. Bronze.
Within double linearbor- Within double linearbor-
der and outer border of der:

dots:
Naqsh-i Rustam Io7
l: (*). . Le
al- 5'-->
NR-226 AE I6. PLATE XVIII
Evidently unpublished.
71. The same. Shirz. Bronze.
Within polygon (?): Within double square:
- - - - - *J-le
all &lal-Ji 5'-->
oe-o
NR254 AE2I. PLATE XVIII
This type also evidently is unpublished. The title al-Muta'
is present on published silver coins of Shh Shuj.
UNIDENTIFIABLE ISLAMIC
72. Coin or token of 9th c. H. (?) = 15th c. A.D. (?). Bronze.
- - - - - - - Negative impression of
C.M.J.''' obverse.
Linear border and outer
border of dots.
NRI-57 AE 18.
73. Unidentified Islamic. Bronze.
No field record other than Islamic.
NR-2I2 AE I8.

* Cf. B.M. vi, nos. 671 ff.
INVENTORY OF FIELD CATALOGUE NUMBERS
ISTAKHR
Field No. #3 Field No. # Field No. # # Field No. #3
# #3 #3 #
I-1-17 391 | I-I-I46 633 I-I-243b 22 II-336 258
3I 623 I48 31 245 176 337 3L
34 633 I49 138 248 31 339 23
55 623 I50 I73 252 391 34I 633
63 344 16o 391 252a 178 344 633
63a 146 166 146 257 364 354 39I
63b 237 I68 2O2 267 31 355 864
67a 31 17o I8O 276 344 358 581
67b 866 179 623 278 258 359 3I
71 633 I8I 258 28I I55 363 633
75 39I 184 633 282 633 364 319
8I I60 186 391 283 633 366 39I
89 603 189 258 284 554 370 24
92 39I 191 258 290 633 372 258
93 3I I93 I54 291 866 376 490
96 866 I97 633 295 202 38o 581
97 6II I99 39I 300 39I 382 370
IOO I8O 203 614 3OI 370 385 3I
IO2 581 205 3I 302 633 386 47I
Io5 2I 2IO 391 306 633 388 633
II3 39I 2II 258 307 370 389 633
II4 I8O 220 29 3I2 633 393 633
II6 3I 220a 3I 3I2a 344 394 2O2

117 I99 225 237 3I3 258 406 258
II9 603 226 3I 315 5IO 407 185
I2O 237 230 2O2 318 258 407a 581
I26 237 23I 3I 3I9 2O2 407b 581
127 581 24I 633 319a 633 4I2 623
I31 370 24Ia 633 32I I64 4I3 3I
I36 633 242 I8O 322 157 4I4 633
I42 3I 242a 180 325 24 424 3I
I43 I43 243 258 333 258 425 39I
I45 258 243a 3I 335 370 425a 866
Io8
Inventory of Field Catalogue Numbers I09
Field No. # Field No. # Field No. #3 Field No. #:
#: #: #: #3
23 23 2 3 25
II436 31 I-I-655b 391 | I-I-9IIi 8 II928/30 Io9
462 581 657 383 911j 8 928/31 Io9
464 603 657a 383 912 562 928/32 109
468 581 658 633 912a 633 928/33 Io9
474 633 659 258 913 633 929 39I
475 581 66O 202 9I4 I3 929a 472
477 633 882 24 916 2O2 929b 391
481 258 883 31 918 24 932 478
484 258 884 391 9I9 39I 933 866
485 258 885 138 9I9a 472 934 383
5II I51 886 202 92I 633 935 554
515 562 887 391 927 I42 935a 39I
516 391 889 633 928/I 103 936 364
519 633 890 202 928/2 IO3 937 370
52I 391 892 258 928/3 IoS 938 499
529 633 893 344 928/4 IO3 938a 150
545 603 893a 391 928/5 IO2 940 3I
56I 391 894 2 928/6 108 94I 30
562 562 895 327 928/7 108 942 3I
572 3I 896 258 928/8 Io9 943 3I
573 3I 897 16 928/9 Io9 948 391
575 202 898 633 928/10 Io9 |I-213 866
59I 31 90I 39I 928/II Io9 II4 866

598 31 902 39 I 928/12 Io9 249 177
602 522 903 I90 928/13 109 278 633
604 391 905 562 928/14 Io9 542 86I
626 173 906 344 928/15 109 1515 866
626a 258 906a 633 928/16 Io9 I516a 3I
627 31 907 I5 928/17 109 I516b 633
629 31 908 633 928/18 Io9 1518 196
631 31 908a 633 928/19 Io9 1519 616
635 24 909 I5I 928/20 Io9 1520/1 866
643 855 9IO 157 928/21 109 I520/2 633
645 391 9IIa 3 928/22 Io9 I520/3 5Io
646 258 9IIb 4 928/23 Io9 I520/4 633
647 31 9IIC 4 928/24 Io9 1520/5 258
652 31 9IId 4 928/25 Io9 1520/6 258
653 562 9IIe 4 928/26 109 1520/7 478
654 185 911f 8 928/27 Io9 I520/8 633
655 554 9IIg 8 928/28 109 1520/9 633
655a 3I 911h 8 928/29 Io9 1520/Io 866
IIO Excavation Coins from Persepolis
Field No. # # Field No. # # Field No. # # Field No. # #
#: #: #: #3
25 23 23 2 <3
I-21520/II 633 I-21520/52 866 I-21536a 633 I-21565 31
1520/12 522 1520/53 258 I536b 231 1566 31
1520/13 5IO 1520/54 5Io 1537 633 1567 866
I52O/I4 633 I520/55 633 1538a 866 1568 633
1520/15562 1520/56 172 1538b 609 1569 364
1520/16 633 1520/57 258 1538c 633 I570 369
1520/17 633 1520/58 522 I539 633 I57I 633
1520/18 522 I520/59 633 1540 866 I572 633
I52O/I9 633 1520/60 633 I54I 633 I573 603
1520/20 866 I520/61 5Io 1542 156 I574 581
I520/2I 633 1520/62 179 I543 3I9 I575 202
1520/22 633 1520/63 478 I544a 340 1576 31
I520/23 522 I520/64 633 I544b 237 I577a 31
1520/24 866 I520/65 490 1545a 866 1577b 866
I520/25633 1520/66 522 I545b 633 1578 I48
1520/26 522 1520/67 866 1545c 866 I579 I44
1520/27 498 1520/68 522 1546 237 158o 866
1520/28 562 1520/69 617 I547a 230 1581 88
I520/29 522 1520/70 383 1547b 88 1582 477
1520/30 522 I520/7I 522 1547c 866 I583 615
1520/31 866 1520/72 633 1548 866 I584 258
1520/32 522 1520/73 522 I549 20 I585 851
I520/33 633 I520/74 522 I550 39I 1586 633

1520/34 522 I52I 237 I55I 237 1587 383
1520/35 327 I522 3I 1552a 866 1588 612
1520/36 630 I523 633 I552b 499 I589 324
I520/37 522 1524 866 1553 866 I590 339
1520/38 633 I525 39I 1554 581 I59I 344
1520/39 258 1526a 165 I555 504 1592a 865
1520/40 522 1526b 633 I556a 237 1592b 581
I520/4I 633 1527 185 I556b 633 I593 344
1520/42 866 1528 I4 I556c 490 I594 202
1520/43.633 I529 237 I557a 478 I595 633
I520/44 633 1530 562 1557b 866 1596 I45
I520/45 633 1531 866 I558 344 1597 866
I520/46 522 I532 866 1559 866 1598 344
I520/47 522 I533 554 1560 633 I599a 237
I520/48 522 1534 633 I56I 323 1599b 866
I520/49 522 I535a I63 I562 31 1600a 31
1520/50 327 I535b 522 I563 31 16oob 633
1520/51 5Io 1535c 258 I564 I I6OI 866
Inventory of Field Catalogue Numbers III
Field No. # Field No. #3 Field No. #3 Field No. #3
#: #: #: #:
#3 #3 25 23
I21602 31 I-21634 866 I-21667b 633 I-21690d 510
1603a 344 1635a 633 I668 866 1691a 866
1603b 866 1635b 478 1669a 866 1691b 633
1604 31 1636 866 1669b 866 1691c 581
1605 866 1637 866 1670 633 1691d 633
I606a 88 1638 633 1671a 866 1692a 866
1606b 520 1639 327 1671b 562 1692b 522
1607 866 1640 633 1672 505 1692c 391
1608 633 1641a 866 1673a 866 1692d 391
I609 633 1641b 478 1673b 327 1692e 866
16Io 562 I64Ic 327 1674 859 1693a 633
16II 391 164Id 633 1675 633 1693b 866
1612 506 1642 866 1676 866 1693c 633
1613 866 1643 391 1677 866 1693d 633
1614 370 1644 866 1678 337 1693e 866
1615 633 1645 623 1679 478 1693f 317
1616 633 1646 633 168o 522 1694a 258
1617 633 1647 391 I68Ia 866 1694b 866
I618 866 1648 633 1681b 633 1694c 633
1619 196 1649 633 1682a 474 1694d 866
162o 581 1650 866 I682b 866 1695 562
I62I 391 1651a 201 1683 633 1696a 866
1622a 633 1651b 391 1684a 863 1696b 391

I622b 866 1651c 391 1684b 633 1697 391
1622c 562 1652 340 1685a 866 1698 633
1622d 633 1653 136 1685b 258 1699 633
I622e 866 1654 633 1685c 866 1700a 5Io
1623 866 1655 581 I686a 622 17oob 554
1624 39I 1656 866 1686b 633 1701a 258
1625a 633 1657 853 1687a 521 1701b 623
1625b 31 1658 522 1687b 866 1702 391
I626a 866 1659 633 1687c 633 1703a 866
1626b 522 I66o 633 1687d 633 1703b 391
1627a 344 1661 327 1687e 633 1703c 633
1627b 633 1662 633 1687f 866 1703d 633
I628 866 1663a 633 I688a 633 1703e 633
1629 633 1663b 31 1688b 554 1704 370
1630 866 1664 391 1689 562 1705 633
1631 633 1665 866 1690a 633 1706 344
1632 866 1666 613 1690b 633 1707 633
1633 88 1667a 391 1690c 866 1708a 866
II2 Excavation Coins from Persepolis
Field No. #3 Field No. # # Field No. # # Field No. # #
#3 #3 #3 #3
I-21708b 633 I-21732 102 | I-21763a 859 I-21785e 31
1708c 866 1733 633 1763b 866 1786 167
1709 258 1734a 866 I764 237 1787 866
17IO 31 1734b 581 1765 202 1788a 18
I7IIa 39I 1735 138 1766 31 1788b 633
1711b 88 1736a 866 1767 370 1789 866
1712 391 1736b 202 1768 633 I790 I35
1713 633 I737 391 1769a 866 1791b 88
1714 866 1738a 237 1769b 866 1791d 31
1715 88 1738b 202 1769c 202 1792a 88
1716 866 1739 IQI 1769d 258 1792b 31
1717 633 1740 581 177o 866 I793a 162
1718a 866 I74I 39I I77Ia 39I 1793b 167
1718b 866 1742a 866 1771b 258 1794 866
1719 633 1742b I94 1772a 866 I795a 3I
1720a 866 1743a 364 1772b 633 1795b 16o
1720b 633 1743b 866 1772c 633 1796a 31
1721 866 I744 499 1772d 522 1796b 88
1722 853 I745 39I 1772e 167 1797 88
I723a 39I 1746 633 1773 866 1798 31
1723b 633 1747 866 I774 503 I799 3I9
1723c 866 1748 866 1775 258 18oo 37o
1724a 633 1749 633 1776 866 18OI 633
1724b 39I 1750 866 1777 202 1802 258

1724c 866 I75I I95 1778 490 1803 191
1725 198 1752 370 I779a 633 1804 185
1726a 258 1753 202 1779b 510 1805a 202
1726b 478 I754a 39I 178oa 866 1805b 391
1726c 88 1754b 39I 178ob 633 1806 633
1727 137 1755 167 178oc 633 1807 391
1728 138 1756 603 178od 316 1808a 633
1729a 581 1757 866 178oe 619 1808b. 231
1729b 324 1758a 258 178of 633 1809 866
1729c 633 1758b 866 1781 633 I8IO 202
1730 633 1758c 499 1782 202 I8IIa 862
I73Ia 39I 1759 633 I783 319 1811b 478
1731b 391 1760 858 1784 31 1812 202
1731c 866 1761 619 1785a 167 1813 633
1731d 391 1762a 237 1785b 88 1814 562
I73Ie 490 1762b 327 1785c 866 1815 633
1731f 317 1762c 522 1785d 88 1816 633
Inventory of Field Catalogue Numbers II3
Field No. ## Field No. #3 Field No. #3 Field No. #3
5. . . E.:
#3 #5 #3 #5
I-21817 623 I-21841 231 I-21867a 866 I-21890 391
1818 490 1842 866 1867b 633 1891 633
1819 866 1843 344 1867c 866 1892 237
1820a 258 1844 633 1867d 633 1893a 866
182Ob 633 1845 866 1868 478 1893b 866
I82OC 866 1846a 364 1869 633 1894 I7
1820d 522 1846b 633 1870 344 1895 633
182I 554 1847a 633 1871 866 1896 391
1822a 391 1847b 562 1872a 391 1897 340
I822b 866 1848 633 1872b 258 1898a 633
1822c 633 1849a 866 1873a 866 1898b 391
1823 633 1849b 631 1873b 258 1899 633
1824 866 1850 562 1874 391 190o 866
1825 633 1851 619 1875a 633 1901 850
1826 633 1852a 866 1875b 554 1902 866
1827a 866 1852b 258 1876a 633 1903 508
1827b 633 1853a 490 1876b 866 1904 866
1827c 866 1853b 391 1876c 202 1905 633
1828a 633 1853c 866 1876d 633 1906 202
1828b 633 1854 202 1877 633 1907 866
1828c 258 1855 391 1878a 633 I908a 474
I828d 866 1856 633 1878b 633 1908b 633
1829 633 1857a 489 1879a 866 1908c 633

1830 866 1857b 633 1879b 237 1909 633
1831 633 1858a 866 1879c 866 19IO 633
1832 866 1858b 633 1879d 344 1911a 866
1833a 633 1859a 202 188oa 633 1911b 866
1833b 866 1859b 633 188ob 633 19IIc 633
1833C 633 1859c 258 1881a 391 19IId 633
1834 866 1859d 866 I88Ib 866 1911e 866
1835 165 1860 633 1881c 344 1912 562
1836a 866 1861 391 I882 866 1913 866
1836b 344 1862 633 1883 258 1914 633
1837 258 1863a 866 1884 866 1915 866
1838a 633 1863b 258 1885a 581 1916 474
1838b 185 1864a 866 1885b 581 1917 866
1838c 866 1864b 370 1886a 237 1918 258
1838d 391 1864c 327 1886b 631 I919 I53
1839a 258 1864d 633 1887 581 1920 866
1839b 866 1865 866 1888 633 I92I 553
1840 490 1866 258 1889 866 1922 258
II4 Excavation Coins from Persepolis
Field No. # Field No. # Field No. ## Field No. # #
#3 #3 #3 #3
I-21923 866 I-21943a 258 I-21965a 202 | I-21981 866
I924a 633 1943b 866 1965b 633 1982 258
I924b 391 1944a 866 1966a 522 1983 866
I925 633 1944b 866 1966b 633 1984 391
1926 866 I945 237 1967a 391 1985 633
1927 633 1946 866 1967b 478 1986 562
1928a 610 1947 258 1968 I99 1987 88
1928b 866 1948 I59 1969 562 1988 391
I929 633 1949 383 I970 23I 1989a 327
1930 506 1950 866 I97I 391 1989b 633
1931 866 I95I 633 1971a 633 I990 633
I932 633 1952 855 1972 866 1991 I48
1933a 866 1953 866 I973a 581 I992 852
I933b 370 I954 IQ3 I973b 231 1993 633
I934 236 I955 337 1974a 18 I994 3I
I935 256 1956 866 1974b 866 1995 258
1936 31 1957 617 1975 326 1996 237
I937 391 1958 857 I976 391 1997 508
1938 256 I959 344 1977b 510 I998 340
1939a 633 1960 522 1977c 258 I999a 633
1939b 866 196Ia 391 1978 866 1999b 633
I939c 258 1961b 866 1979a 633 2000 633
I940 I73 1962a 344 1979b 866 200I 383
I94I 344 1963 383 1980a 633 2002 258

I942 3I 1964 866 198ob 202 | HL 96 ref. 581
PERSEPOLIS TERRACE
PT-36 I9 PT-516 16 PT-5436 18 PT-7212 7
IO II 64 I 838 8 227 9
I4 I4 373a 2 839 17 360 5
I8 II 373b 3 840 15 372 5
I9 II 388 4 845 Io
Inventory of Field Catalogue Numbers II5
NAQSH-I RUSTAM
Field No. # Field No. # # Field No. # # Field No. # #
#5 #3 #3 #5
NRI-9/1 4 NRI-9/20 37 | NR-146b 22 | NR-21 62
9/2 5 9/2I 38 47 67 2 54
9/3 II 9/22 39 48 58 3a 6I
9/4 I7 9/2339 49 2I 3b 55
9/5 I2 9/24 49 5o 62 3c 66
9/6 14 9/25:50 5I 18 I2 73
9/7 16 9/26/4I 52 60 15 Io
9/8 9 9/2741 53 I 17 68
9/9 13 9/28/4I 54 64 26 7o
9/10 7 9/29 47 55 59 30 57
9/11 8 9/30 47 56 18 38 15
9/126 9/3I4I 57 72 48 22
9/1330 9/324I 58 22 5o 65
9/1433 9/3346 59 56 5I 3
9/1534 9/3451 6o 22 54 7I
9/1631 9/3552 6I 22 57 2
9/1732 9/36 41,53 62 22 59 69
9/1835 45 18 63 22

9/1935 46a 22
ca. 310300 B.C.
ca. Ist c. A.D.
Ist or 2nd c. A.D.
2nd c. A.D.
ca. 200 A.D.
ca. 210-226 A.D.
224241 A.D.
ca. 293 A.D.
388-399 A.D.
420438 A.D.
558 or 559 A.D.
581 A.D.
583 A.D.
587 A.D.
590628 A.D.
596 A.D.
6th7th c. A.D.
605 A.D.
606 A.D.
ca. 610613 A.D.
615 A.D.
617 A.D.
62o A.D.
622 A.D.
623 A.D.
624 A.D.
626 A.D.

31 H.
ca. 5080 H.
53 H.
ca. 6080 H.
ca. 6085 H.
ca. 6090 H.
62 H.
63 H.
ca. 6372 H.
66 H.
67 H.
68 H.
69 H.
6X H.
7o H.
ca. 7090 H.
73 H.
2O-I
INDEX OF DATES
74 H.
75 H.
ca. 7578 H.
ca. 80-85 H.
ca. 8o-Ioo H.
ca. 80-IIo H.
ca. 8012o H.
ca. 80-132 H.
8I H.
86-96 H.
ca. 9012o H.
ca. 90132 H.
93 H.
ca. IOO-I32 H.
Io4 H.
II4 H.
II6 H.
IIX. H.
I2I H.
124 H.
I26 H.
ca. I27132 H.
ca. 129 H.
130 H.
Index of Dates
II7
I6X H.
17o H.
171 H.
180 or 18X H.
I82 H.
183 H.
184 H.
190 H.
191 H.
192 H.
193 H.
198 H.
2nd c. H.
2OI H.
205 H.
213 H.
232247 H.
256279 H.
272 H.
3rd c. H.
55, 63, 65, 75, 8o
7o
71
79
68
78
8I

71
81, 87, IoS
71
73
Io5
8I
8I
8I
812
38X H.
Late 4thearly 5th
c. H.
ca. 5th c. H.
ca. 7oo75o H.
716736 H.
730 H.
737 H.
740744 H.
765786 H.
ca. 7908oo H.
8th C. H.
after 8th C. H.
9th c. H.
IIth12th c. H.
12th13th c. H.
12501264 H.
INDEX OF MINTS AND PLACES1
Abarqubadh 65
al-Abbsiyah 87
Adharbayjn 55, 74
al-Ahwaz 53, 64, 69
Antioch 43
Ardashir-Khurrah 24, 25, 26, 34, 53,
54, 55, 56, 57, 623, 66, 7O, 75, 778,
95, 104
Arminiyah (Armenia) 55, 74
Arrajn 52, 65, 77
Arrn 55
ART 24, 95
Bahrayn 69
Balkh 65, 67
al-Basrah 31, 44, 53, 69,74, 96
Birmgubdh 64, 65
Bishapr 25, 26, 27, 31, 34, 41, 46, 69,
97, 98, 99
BI 25, 26, 27, 97, 98
BJRA 96
Bukhr 82
Constantinople 43
DAP 96
Darabjird 74, 77, 92, 96, 100
DARAWM 100
DARTM 100

Dijlah 69
DR 92
Dujayl 89
Elymais 223
Frs 47, 523, 69, 73, 74
Fas 56,63, 70, 73, 74, 75, 8o, 104
Filstin 55
Firzbd 53, 77
al-Furad 69
* The pages on which excavation coins of a given mint are described appear
Gr 53
Idhaj 88
Irn 84
Irminiyah 55
Isfahn 84
Istakhr 24, 25, 28, 29, 32, 33, 35, 36,
37, 44, 45, 47, 50, 53, 556, 57, 58, 59,
60, 61, 62,63,64, 68, 7o, 72, 75, 77, 86,
94, 101, 103
Jayy 67, 68
Jr 53-4, 55, 76, 77
Kabir Shaykh 84, 88
Kzirn 667
Khursn 30, 72
Khuzistn 89
Kirmn 34, 85, 94, 96, 99
KRMAN IOO
KRMAN-RB 99
KRMAN-NHR 99
KRMNRMAN 96
al-Kfah 445
Krat al-Mahdiyah min Fars 545, 75,
76, 77, 104
Macedonia I9
Madin al-Shsh 79
Madinat al-Salm 74,78, 79, 8o, 105
Ml-Amir (Malamir) 89
al-Mawsil (Mosul) 53, 74
Mecca 77
Merv 67, 92
MR 92
al-Muhammadiyah 77, 78
Nahr-Tir 92,93, 95
Index of Mints and Places
II9
NHR 92, 93, 95
NIH 24, 92,93, 99
Nihvand 24, 92,93, 99
NI 98
NISP 98
Persis 1922, 91
Ratin River 66
al-Rayy 56, 77, 92,93, IoI
RD 92, 93
Rd-i Hilla 66
Sbr 45,46, 56,63, 68, 69, 70, 71, 75,
77, 86
Samarqand 71
Shpr 30, 39
Shaykh-i Kabir 84, 88
Shirajan 85,94
$I 85
R 94
Shirz 31, 445, 47, 53, 66, 71, 72-4,
77, 89, 106, 107
Shush 334, 41
Sijistn 55
st 24, 25, 28, 29, 32, 33, 35, 36, 94
sTKHR 35, 101
Susa 19

Tabaristn 55
Tanbk 52
TART 25
Tawwaj 66, 67, 74
al-Taymarah 67
Tustar 89
Umn 69
VISP 98
Wasit 48,49, 79, 103
Weh-Shhpuhr 99
Zaranj 85, 86, 94
zR 85,94
No Mint Name 20, 21, 22, 23, 37, 38,
43, 49, 50, 79, 85, 91
Mint Name Effaced 24, 25, 37, 39,40,
41, 42, 51, 52, 59,80, 81, 82, 83, 84,
87, 88,90, 91, 94, 95, 102, 103,104,
105,106, 107
INDEX OF PERSONAL NAMES
Abd al-Rahmn b. Muhammad b. al-
Ash'ath 32-3, 41
Abd al-Rahmn b. Ziyd 65
Abdullh al-Saffh (abu'l-Abbs) 57,
667
Abdullah b. Mu'awiyah 67
Abdullah b. al-Musayyib 71-2
Abdullah b. 'Umar b. Abd al-Aziz 44
Abdullah b. Zubayr 28, 856, 95
Abu-Muslim 51, 67
Abu-Sa'id 83, 87, Iob
Ahmad b. Abd al-Aziz 47
Ahmad b. Manr 82
Alexander III 19
al-Amin 65
Ardashir I 22, 85
Artaxerxes I (Sasanian) 22, 85
Artaxerxes V (Persis) 22, 91
Atiyah b. al-Aswad 99
Bahram III 23, 24
Bahram IV 91
Bahram V 91
Barmaki 56, 701
Bishr b. Marwn 34
al-Fadl b. Sahl 71
Fakhr al-Dawlah 82

Gocithres 20
al-Hdi 69
al-Hajjj b. Yusuf 34
al-Hakam b. abi'l-s 65
Hrn al-Rashid 65, 77-8
Hrn b. Muhammad 59
Heraclius 43
Hormizd IV 92
al-Husayn b. al-Jannah 68
Ismil b. Ali 53, 58-9
Kapat 21
Khosrau I 24
Khosrau II 24, 30, 85, 924
al-Mahdi 545, 602, 69, 73, 778, 8o,
86, Io45
Mahmd 89
al-Ma'mun 79
Manr 32, 74
al-Manr 54, 58, 64
Manr b. Nh 82
al-Muhallab b. abi-Sufrah 289, 34,
37-8
Muhammad Khn 84, 88
Muhammad Shh 84
Muhammad b. Yahy b. Khlid Bar-
maki 556, 63, 7o-I, 75, 8O
Muhammad b. Yahy b. al-Hrith b.
Shakhir 56
Msa b. al-Mahdi 689
al-Musayyib b. Zuhayr 72
Muslim b. al-Musayyib 45
al-Mu'tamid 81
al-Mutawakkil 81
Napat 21
Narseh 23
Nusayr 73-4, 78, Io4
Nusayr al-Wasif 75
Orodes 22
Oxathres 20I
Pakur 201
Papek 91
Phraates 22
Piruz I 20
Index of Personal Names I2I
Salih b. D'd b. 'Ali 689
Salm b. al-Musayyib 445, 72
Samsm al-Dawlah 82
Shh Shuj88, 105-7
Sulaymn Khn 84, 88
Talhah b. Abdullh 35
Tiberius II 43
Timr Grkhn 89
Togh Timr 84
Ubaydullah b. Ziyd 28, 34, 96
Umar b. 'Ubaydullh 257, 979
al-Walid I 389
Yazid 87
Yazid b. . . . . . 40
Yezdigird III 95

Ziyd b. abi-Sufyan 30I, 39, 96
INDEX OF ARABIC INSCRIPTIONS
35, 37,8695-6 4'-
99 -\ } <!-
89 A.
66 gy
89 &S$ 2-3
50, 58,87 %l-
55, 76, Io4 25-
196 ur -- 3:
83 2-38 ''
5' cl-2'
82 22:- J -
52 &l=>
53, 56-7, 1945- - ->
53, 58-9 'e J. J.--
445, 57-64, 193 s-la-
5860 al A-l
68 (5- 53, 57, 63 A 451
95 A*- 44,46, 5 Ja-'l- ls,' Al v-
#. ** 634, 68, 71, 75, 79, >\\
as los - "" &#12
68 cus' & '+' 64 Y
69 Al Alai- 89 g:
834 Ju- 60, 62, 71 &
83.88-9 & al- 82 \,\}.
54-5, co-2, 69,73, 194-5 a.' 46, 51 &
65 Sui->

8O ele
545, 60-2 &
60 Ala#1 & &"
55, 63,701, 75 &
I22
Index of Arabic Inscriptions I23
84, 88 & 2
76, 194 Job 3 & 4-l $
ico N'-y
25-7, 97-8 a.4) as
68, 7o, 75, 88 J"
63, 75 g4 J A*
55, 75 ** JF
64 . . . . J. Af
52, 79 . . . . . . LAft
89 2,
89, Io? auai
32, 73-4 a->
69 &-4)
545, 602, 73, 1945 x* (5-4)
68 & 3">l & G-:-
68, 82 &-3' x- d."
73, 104 a.
59 x* J. C.A.
48,79, 103 -l,
197 call 5-l.
46, 69-71, 86 23:L-
83, 889, 106-7 dual.'
44 -.' & '-
84 &l-du-
89, Io7 8-> eu:
Io7 8->

84, 88 2: &#
47, 71, 89, Io'7 5'--
68 le J. Clu-
83 <!-All fla-
63 &
57-8, 64 Al Aze
578, 64, 66 &:-3' > *
71 --" J. Alae
89, Io? A ke
73-4 Jou:
83 Aball -->
73, 75, 104 U-3
83 all suill
*A \ \xi <!-- y J.
51,66 &A

I24 Index of Arabic Inscriptions
69 &-il as J. 44,46, 51, 58, 101 (3)
38 <!' 68 A:Y,
40, 87 x 3. 99 -\\ },

PLATES
Generated for anonymous on 2015-02-18 12:01 GMT / http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015011338384

COINS FROM ISTAKHR
1-16:PERSIS 19: ELYMAIS 20-21: SASAXIAX

II
COINS FROM ISTAKHR
23-30: SASANIAN 102-115: ARAB-SASANIAX

COINS FROM ISTAKHR
ARAB - SASANIAN

IV

COINS FROM ISTAKHR
176-177: BYZANTINE 178-105: UMAYYAD

VI

COINS FROM ISTAKHR
256-257: 'ABBASID PARTISANS 316-337: 'ABBASID

COINS FROM ISTAKHR
'ABBASID

IX
COINS FROM ISTAKHR
. 'ABBASID


COINS FROM ISTAKHR
'ABBASID

XII

XIII
COINS FROM PERSEPOLIS
1-2: SASANIAN 3: ARAB-SASAKI AN
4: UMMAYAD 5-7: 'ABBASID

XIV
COINS FROM NAQSH-I RUSTAM
1: PEKSIS 2-8: SASANIAN

16: SASANIAN 30: ARAB-SASAN I AX

ARAB-SASANIAN

XVII
ARAB-SASANIAN

XVIII
51-56: ARAB-SASANIAX 57-58: UMAYYAH
61-64: 'ABBASID 68-69: ILKHANID 70-71: MUZAFFARID

XIX

XX

NAQSH-I RUSTAM

Excavation Coins From The Persepolis Region / by George C. Miles

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Excavation Coins From The Persepolis Region / by George C. Miles

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Generated for anonymous on 2015-02-18 09:58 GMT / http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.

the Persepolis Region

THE AMERICAN NUMISMATIC SOCIETY

Generated for anonymous on 2015-02-18 09:58 GMT / http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.$b460945

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED BY

THE AMERICAN NUMISMATIC SOCIETY

Generated for anonymous on 2015-02-18 09:55 GMT / http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.$b687477

NU MISMATIC NOTES AND MONOGRAPHS

NUMISMATIC NOTES AND MONOGRAPHS

is devoted to essays and treatises on subjects relating

to coins, paper money, medals and decorations.

ALFRED R. BELLINGER, Chairman

THEODORE V. BUTTREY, JR.

SAWYER MCA. MossER, Editor

Generated for anonymous on 2015-02-18 09:55 GMT / http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.$b687477

HowARD L. ADELSON, Associate Editor

INVENTORY OF FIELD CATALOGUE NUMBERS IO8

INDEX OF DATES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II6

INDEX OF MINTS AND PLACES . . . . . . . . . . . . II8

INDEX OF PERSONAL NAMES . . . . . . . . . . . . . I2O

Generated for anonymous on 2015-02-18 09:58 GMT / http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.$b460945

INDEX OF ARABIC INSCRIPTIONS . . . . . . . . . . I22

The coins described in the present catalogue were un-

earthed in the course of excavations conducted more than

twenty years ago by Dr. Erich F. Schmidt on behalf of the

Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, the Univer-

sity Museum of Philadelphia and the Museum of Fine Arts,

Boston, at several sites in the region of Persepolis in south-

excavations at Istakhr, about six kilometers north-north-

east of Persepolis at the foot of the mountain known as the

Kuh-i Rahmat. The date of the initial founding of Istakhr is

obscure, but at all events there is plentiful archaeological

evidence of the city's importance in Sasanian and early

Islamic times. A much smaller number of coins (73 to be

exact) were recovered in the limited excavations at Naqsh-i

Rustam, the site of the famous rock tombs of the Achae-

menian kings and the Sasanian rupestrian sculptures, a little

more than six kilometers directly north of Persepolis. At

Persepolis itself, aside from the Greek coins discovered in the

foundation deposits and elsewhere on the terrace, nineteen

miscellaneous coins, ranging in date from the 3rd to the

19th century were found at various spots within and just

outside the royal buildings.

1. Cf. Schmidt, Persepolis, and Schmidt, The Treasury of Persepolis.

Generated for anonymous on 2015-02-18 09:58 GMT / http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.$b460945

Treasury of Persepolis, pp. 7678.

2 Excavation Coins from Persepolis

The coins found in the Istakhr excavations, which took

place in 1935 and 1937, received preliminary notice in a paper

read at the International Numismatic Congress in Paris

in 1953; definitive treatment of the material was delayed

first by the second World War and subsequently by nu-

merous other commitments. The nature and results of the

excavations have been briefly described by Dr. Schmidt in

The Treasury of Persepolis, pp. 107121. While tests were

undertaken at a number of points, these excavations were

limited in extent and were actually little more than son-

location of the various tests: 1) a test in the center to virgin

soil; 2) a trench west of the center in the Islamic stratum;

3) a poorly defined gate structure in the north-west area near

the edge of the mound; 4) a trench in the extreme west ex-

posing almost exclusively Sasanian foundations and some

remnants of Islamic buildings; and 5) a long north-south