1)Total internal reflection happens when the following conditions are met:
Beams pass from a denser to a less dense material
The incident angle is more than the critical angle 2) The core has a higher refractive index than the cladding, 3) DWDM (Dense Wavelength-division multiplexing) 4) Non-dispersion-shifted fiber (NDSF), G.652 Dispersion-shifted fiber (DSF), G.653 Non-zero dispersion-shifted fiber (NZ-DSF), G.655 (SINGLE MODE) 5) Multimode: This type of fiber has a larger core than single-mode fiber.