GKS Tinchi CH3 SDH V2

CHNG 3
K thut ghp knh s ng b SDH

TS.V Trng Sn
TS.V Trng Sn
Bi ging K thut ghp knh s
Ni dung chng 3
3.1
ng lc cho s ra i ca SDH
3.2
Phn cp tn hiu s SDH (cu trc

khung, tc , cc thng tin mo u)
3.3
Con tr trong SDH v xp xp tn hiu

vo container
3.4
Cc phn t mng SDH v cc gii php

duy tr mng.
3.5
ng b mng SDH
3.6
Qun l mng SDH
3.7
o kim trong SDH (c thm)
3.8
Tho lun
TS.V Trng Sn
Ni dung chng 3
3.1
3.2

3.3

vo container
3.4

duy tr mng.
3.5
ng b mng SDH
3.6
Qun l mng SDH
3.7
3.8
Tho lun
TS.V Trng Sn
PDH v nhc im ca n

Trc SDH, cc mng truyn dn da trn PDH.

Plesiochronous trong PDH c ngha l cn ng b.
Vic ghp t E1 ln E4 phi thng qua 2 cp trung gian l E2
v E3.
Tn ti 3 chun ghp khc nhau
Cc khung c cc cu trc khc nhau
Qun l hot ng v cnh bo trong PDH i hi cc thit b
ring.
Xen r phc tp v tn km
...
TS.V Trng Sn
u im ca SDH so vi PDH

SDH da trn nguyn l ghp knh ng b trc tip

V bn cht, cc tn hiu chm hn, ring bit c th c
ghp trc tip vo cc tn hiu SDH c tc cao hn m
khng cn cc cp ghp trung gian.
SDH linh ng hn PDH ng thi ci tin c tnh bo
dng v qun l mng.
C th s dng trong cc loi mng vin thng truyn
thng; c th s dng mang cc lung video CATV.
TS.V Trng Sn
Ghp knh tng cp trong PDH

Trong PDH, khi ghp knh t E1 ln E4 cn c 21 b ghp

knh:

16 x 2DME
4 x 3DME
1 x 4DME
Cn nhiu on cp ni gia cc DME
TS.V Trng Sn
Xen r lung E1 t lung E4

140 Mbps
34 Mbps
4
4
DME
DME
8 Mbps
8 Mbps
3
DME
DME
2
DME
DME
TS.V Trng Sn
140 Mbps
34 Mbps
2 Mbps
Xen/ r trong SDH
TS.V Trng Sn
SDH l g?

SDH l phn cp ghp lung th cp ng b.

C s ca SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy):

ghp knh ng b
d liu t cc lung cp thp c ghp xen byte ln cc lung cp
cao hn.
TS.V Trng Sn
Nguyn l ghp xen byte

C s ca SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy)

l ghp knh ng b,
d liu t cc lung cp thp c ghp xen byte
to ra lung cp cao hn.
MUX
TS.V Trng Sn
10
c im ca SDH
Cc knh c ghp ti cc v tr c nh c quan h vi cc

byte trong khung.
Vic phn knh thc hin bng cch ly ra cc bytes cn thit
t lung s.
iu ny cho php cho php:

r/xen mt knh n trc tip t lung s

m khng cn phn knh tng cp nh trong PDH.
TS.V Trng Sn
11
Cc tc trong SDH
SDH l mt phn cp truyn ti trn c s ghp cc lung

155.52 Mbit/s.
(STM = Synchronous Transport Module)
Mi tc l chnh xc bng bi ca tc ca lung cp

thp,
v vy phn cp ny l ng b
TS.V Trng Sn
12
Cc tc trong SDH
Cc lung
STM-1
Tc d liu
(Mbps)
155.52
Tc ti trng
(Mbps)
150.336
STM-4
622.08
601.344
STM-16
2488.32
2405.376
STM-6 4
9953.28
9621.50
...............
TS.V Trng Sn
13
Ni dung chng 3
3.1
3.2

3.3

vo container
3.4

duy tr mng.
3.5
ng b mng SDH
3.6
Qun l mng SDH
3.7
3.8
Tho lun
TS.V Trng Sn
14
Phn cp trong SDH

Cc lung bc cao c to ra bng cch ghp xen bytes cc

lung cp thp:
STM-4 c ghp t
STM-16 c ghp t

4 lung STM-1
16 lung STM-1
hoc 4 lung STM-4
STM-64 c ghp t

64 lung STM-1
hoc 16 lung STM-4
hoc 4 lung STM-16.
TS.V Trng Sn
15
Phn cp trong SDH

Ring lung STM-1 c to ra t cc lung PDH:

1 lung E4
3 lung E3
63 lung E1
84 lung T1
21 lung T2
3 lung T3
TS.V Trng Sn
16
Phn cp SDH
TS.V Trng Sn
17
Phn cp SDH (ETSI)
TS.V Trng Sn
18
Container

C : Container, l n v thng tin dng ng b ho cc lung PDH vo

mi trng SDH (khung STM).
n v kch thc ca Container tnh theo bytes.
Thi gian ca cc loi container u bng 125s.
TS.V Trng Sn
19
Container (tt)
C cc container sau:
C4: dng ghp lung E4 (kch thc 2340 bytes).

C3: dng ghp lung E3, T3 (kch thc 756 bytes).
C2: dng ghp lung T2 (kch thc 106 bytes).
C11: dng ghp lung T1 - 1,5Mbps (kch thc 25 bytes).
C12: dng ghp lung E1 - 2 Mbps (kch thc 34 bytes).
c th a cc lung PDH v cc container tng ng

cn s dng cc bit chn c nh v chn c hi

(chn dng, chn m, chn khng).
TS.V Trng Sn
20
SDH v tn hiu khng ng b
Ti vng giao tip

PDH/SDH

cc bit chn c s dng

khi tn hiu PDH c a
vo Container tng ng.
TS.V Trng Sn
21
Cc container o trong SDH

Khi mi mt C c to ra

byte t mo ng dn (POH) c gn thm vo

to thnh Container o (VC) .
POH (Path Overhead) c cha cc thng tin v

hot ng,
cnh bo
v cc thng tin qun l khc.
TS.V Trng Sn
22

Mt ng dn (path):

i ngang qua 1 mng SDH

tn ti t im tn hiu PDH c a vo C
n im tn hiu PDH c khi phc li t C.
POH i cng vi C (to thnh VC) thng qua ng dn.
TS.V Trng Sn
23

C cc container o sau:

Cc VC4, VC3 c gi l cc VC bc cao;

VC4: kch thc 2349 bytes.

Cc VC11, VC12, VC2 c gi l cc VC bc thp.
Thi gian ca cc VC cng l 125s.
TS.V Trng Sn
24
n v qun l AU
Nhm n v qun l - AUG
Cc VC bc cao c gn thm con tr

to thnh n v qun l tng ng.
Chc nng ca con tr l:

ghi li mi lin h v pha gia khung STM-1

vi VC bc cao c ghp vo.
C th hiu y, phase l v tr bt u mt VC trong khung STM-1.
TS.V Trng Sn
25
n v qun l AU
Nhm n v qun l - AUG
C 2 loi AU l:

AU3: kch thc 768 bytes

AU4: kch thc 2358 bytes
AU4 tng ng vi AUG (nhm n v qun l).

3 AU-3 ghp xen byte vi nhau to thnh mt AUG.
Thi gian ca cc AU v AUG cng l 125s.
TS.V Trng Sn
26
n v qun l - AU
AU4 c th truyn trc tip vo STM-1

bng cch gn thm cc t mo on truyn dn (SOH).
3 AU3 c th truyn vo STM-1

bng cch ghp xen bytes vi nhau to thnh AUG

v gn thm cc t mo on truyn dn (SOH).
TS.V Trng Sn
27
n v lung s TU (Tributary
Unit)
Tr VC-4, tt c cc VC cn li c th a vo mt VC
ln hn trc khi chuyn vo khung STM-1.
Khi cn thit phi ghi li mi lin h v phase gia VC bc
thp vi VC bc cao hn.
C th hiu y, phase l v tr bt u mt VC bc thp
trong mt VC bc cao hn.
Chc nng ny c thc hin bi con tr.
TS.V Trng Sn
28
n v lung s TU
Mt VC bc thp c gn thm con tr gi l n v lung

s.
C cc TU sau:

TU3: kch thc 768 bytes.

Thi gian ca cc TU cng l 125s.
TS.V Trng Sn
29
Nhm n v lung s TUG

Trc khi a vo VC bc cao hn,

cc TU c ghp xen bytes vi nhau

to thnh nhm n v lung s (TUG).
Thi gian ca cc TUG l 125s.
C cc TUG sau:
TUG-2
TUG-3
TS.V Trng Sn
30
Nhm n v lung s TUG

TUG-2 c to ra bng mt trong cc cch sau:

Ghp xen bytes 4 x TU-11

Ghp xen bytes 3 x TU-12
Tng ng mt TU-2
TUG-3 c to ra bng mt trong cc cch sau:

Ghp xen bytes 7 x TUG-2

Tng ng mt TU-3
TS.V Trng Sn
31
Cu trc khung STM-1
TS.V Trng Sn
32
Truyn dn cc khung STM
TS.V Trng Sn
33
Cu trc khung STM-N
TS.V Trng Sn
34
Cu trc khung STM-N
C 3 vng chnh trong khung STM-N:

SOH
Con tr n v qun l (AU pointer), v
Ti trng thng tin
TS.V Trng Sn
35
Thng tin mo u
M hnh phn lp
TS.V Trng Sn
36
Thng tin mo u
M hnh phn lp
TS.V Trng Sn
37
Thng tin mo u
Mo u on (SOH) ca STM-1
1
A1
A1
A1
A2
A2
A2
J0
B1
E1
F1
D1
D2
D3
RSOH
Mo u on chuyn tip
AU-4 Pointer
4
5
B2
B2
B2
K1
K2
D4
D5
D6
D7
D8
D9
D10
D11
D12
S1
M1
TS.V Trng Sn
MSOH
Mo u on ghp knh
E2
38
Thng tin mo u
RSOH ca STM-1

A1A2
Cc bytes ng b khung,
Dng ch r im bt u khung STM-1

A1= 11110110
A2= 00101000
C tt c cc STM-1#1 ca STM-N,
TS.V Trng Sn
39
Thng tin mo u
RSOH ca STM-1

B1
Gim st li on lp (BIP-8),
Tnh bit chn l cho ton b khung STM-N trc
Ch c STM-1#1 ca STM-N,
TS.V Trng Sn
40
Thng tin mo u
RSOH ca STM-1

J0
D vt on chuyn tip (RS),
Dng xc minh kt ni
TS.V Trng Sn
41
Thng tin mo u
RSOH ca STM-1

E1
Byte nghip v RS,
Cung cp kt ni voice nghip v 64 kbit/s cho nh
iu hnh mng
Phc v hot ng bo dng
TS.V Trng Sn
42
Thng tin mo u
RSOH ca STM-1

F1
Knh ngi dng RS,
Cung cp knh ngi dng 64 kbit/s cho nh iu
hnh mng
Phc v hot ng bo dng
TS.V Trng Sn
43
Thng tin mo u
RSOH ca STM-1

D1...D3
Knh truyn s liu RS (DCC) 192 kbit/s, RS
Knh DCC phc v cc hot ng vn hnh, bo
dng v qun l
VD: knh truyn s liu vi PC qun l mng
TS.V Trng Sn
44
Thng tin mo u
MSOH ca STM-1

B2B2B2
Gim st li on ghp knh MS (BIP-24),
Tnh bit chn l cho ton b khung STM-1 tng
ng trc
C tt c STM-1 ca STM-N,
TS.V Trng Sn
45
Thng tin mo u
MSOH ca STM-1

E2
Byte nghip v MS,
Cung cp kt ni voice nghip v 64 kbit/s cho nh
iu hnh mng
Phc v hot ng bo dng
TS.V Trng Sn
46
Thng tin mo u
MSOH ca STM-1

D4...D12
Knh truyn s liu RS (DCC) 576 kbit/s, MS
Knh DCC phc v cc hot ng vn hnh, bo
dng v qun l
VD: knh truyn s liu vi PC qun l mng
TS.V Trng Sn
47
Thng tin mo u
MSOH ca STM-1

M1
Ch th li t xa MS (REI),
Ch ra s lng nhm b li BIP-24 thu c ti u
xa
TS.V Trng Sn
48
Thng tin mo u
MSOH ca STM-1

K1/K2
Chuyn mch bo v t ng (APS),
Truyn thng tin cnh bo v lnh chuyn mch d
phng khi h thng chnh c s c.
TS.V Trng Sn
49
Thng tin mo u
MSOH ca STM-1

S1
Trng thi ng b,
Thng bo cht lng ca lung STM-1
khi c s dng lm ngun nh thi v ng b.
TS.V Trng Sn
50
Thng tin mo u
POH bc cao (ca VC3/4)
Vt ng, dng xc minh kt ni
Gim st li ng (BIP-8), tnh bit chn l cho ton b Container trc
Nhn tn hiu ng, ch ra kiu xp xp ti tin trong VCn

Trng thi ng, gim st trng thi ng trn c hai hng
Knh ngi dng ng, knh ngi dng 64 kbit/s cho nh iu hnh mng
Ch th a khung TU, bt u a khung

Knh ngi dng ng, knh ngi dng 64 kbit/s cho nh iu hnh mng
Chuyn mch bo v t ng (APS), bo v ng.

ByteTrng
iu hnh
TS.V
Sn
mng, moBi
uging
kt K
nithut
chuyn
ghptip
knhbc
s cao.
51
Thng tin mo u
POH bc thp (ca VC2/1)
BIP-2 / ch th li khi t xa (REI) / ch th li t xa (RFI) /
nhn tn hiu/ ch th s c u xa (RDI)
Vt ng, dng xc minh kt ni
Byte iu hnh mng, mo u kt ni chuyn tip bc thp
Chuyn mch bo v t ng (APS), bo v ng.

TS.V Trng Sn
52
Thng tin mo u
POH bc thp (ca VC2/1)
POH bc thp bao gm 4 bytes

Mi byte l mo u cho mt khung
4 khung vi cc byte mo u

V5
J3
N2
K4
t chc thnh mt a khung.
TS.V Trng Sn
53
Ni dung chng 3
3.1
3.2

3.3

vo container
3.4

duy tr mng.
3.5
ng b mng SDH
3.6
Qun l mng SDH
3.7
3.8
Tho lun
TS.V Trng Sn
54
Ghp knh STM-1

Cc lung s n b ghp knh c th c to ra t cc

ng h c tc khc nhau.
Chng khng nht thit ng b vi nhau hay vi ng h
ghp knh
SDH l mng ng b!
gii quyt vn ny, b ghp knh SDH tm im bt
u ca tng khung trong mi lung
TS.V Trng Sn
55
Ghp knh STM-1

Hnh nh minh ha: xe gong

Cc container c th di chuyn bn trong xe gong
TS.V Trng Sn
56
Ghp knh STM-1

SDH l mt phng php mi ghp cc tn hiu chm vo

mt tn hiu nhanh hn.
C c ch ng x i vi cc lung s khng cng tc ng h.
TS.V Trng Sn
57
Ghp knh STM-1

Hnh nh tng t trong

SDH:
VC-4 tri ni trong phn

ti trng ca STM-1
VC-4 c th bt u t mt
v tr no trong phn ti
trng ca STM-1
Con tr ch ra v tr bt u
ny.
TS.V Trng Sn
58
Con tr AU-4
P
Bt u VC-4
Khung STM-1 # N
Cc bytes POH
P
Khung STM-1 # N +1
TS.V Trng Sn
Bt u VC-4 tip
theo
59
Con tr AU-4
Vng con tr
H1
H2 1*
1001UU11
TS.V Trng Sn
Vng ti trng
1* H3 H3 H3
11111111
3 bytes c hi
ng chnh m
3 bytes c hi
ng chnh dng
60
Con tr AU-4
H1
1
H2
6
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
N N N N S S I D I D I D I D I D
N: bit c d liu mi (NDF)
I: bit tng
S: bit ch kch c con tr
D: bit gim
SS=10 : cho con tr AU-4 / AU-3 / TU-3

NNNN= 0110: bnh thng
NNNN= 1001: ng chnh VC khng bnh thng (d liu mi)
TS.V Trng Sn
61
Con tr AU-4
H1
1
H2
6
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Bnh thng: IDIDIDIDID ch v tr bt u ca VC-4 trong

vng ti trng

P: gi tr thp phn ca 10 bit IDIDIDIDID

N = (3 x P) + 1 : Khong cch t Byte H3 #3 n Byte J1 (bytes).
N/261
T: thng, D: s d
Hng = 4 + T
Ct = 9 + D
TS.V Trng Sn
62
Con tr AU-4
SOH
0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

IDIDIDIDID=0000000000
P=0
N = (3 x P) + 1 = 1
Byte J1 nm cch Byte H3 cui
cng 1 byte, tc l nm ngay bn
phi Byte H3 cui cng.
J1 nm hng? Ct ?
TS.V Trng Sn
P
O
SOH H
STM-1#N
VC-4
VC-4
SOH
STM-1#N+1
SOH
63
Con tr AU-4

IDIDIDIDID
=0000101110
P= 86
N=(3 x P) + 1 = 259
J1 nm hng? Ct ?
STM-1#N
P
Bt u VC-4
Cc bytes POH
STM-1#N+1
Bt u VC-4 tip
theo
TS.V Trng Sn
64
Con tr AU-4
SOH

IDIDIDIDID= 0000101111
P = 87
N = (3 x P) + 1 = 262
J1 nm hng? Ct ?
P
SOH O
H
STM-1#N
VC-4
VC-4
SOH
STM-1#N+1
SOH
TS.V Trng Sn
65
Con tr AU-4
SOH

P = 696
N = (3 x P) + 1 = 2089
J1 nm hng? Ct ? STM1#?
STM-1#N
SOH
STM-1#N+1
SOH
SOH
TS.V Trng Sn
P
O
H
VC-4
VC-4
66
STM-1#N+2
Con tr AU-4
SOH
P=?
N = (3 x P) + 1 = ?
J1 nm hng? Ct ? STM1#?
P= 0 ~ 782

SOH
STM-1#N+1
SOH
SOH
TS.V Trng Sn
STM-1#N
P
O
H
VC-4
VC-4
67
STM-1#N+2
Ghp knh STM-1

SOH
Con tr AU-4 tr v tr
u tin ca VC
SOH
P
O
H
VC-4
VC-4(Virtual
(Virtualcontainer)
container)
9
POH = Path overhead
1
TS.V Trng Sn
260 bytes
68
ng chnh con tr (dng)

Khi tc ng h VC-4 b hn tc ng h STM-1
=> Gi tr con tr c tnh tin ln pha trc 3 bytes
Gi tr
con tr
c cp
nht
SOH
C
Mi
SOH
VC-4
VC-4(Virtual
(Virtualcontainer)
container)
3 Bytes trng
c chn y
TS.V Trng Sn
69
ng chnh con tr (dng)

1 STM-1 # 1
4
(H1, H2)=
9 (0110100000000011)
1 #2
4
(H1, H2)=
9 (0110100000000011)
1 #3
Cc bit I b
o
4
H3 H3 H3
Bt u VC-4
(3 3 3) J1
H3 H3 H3
(3 3 3) J1
X ti thi im ts
H3 H3 H3
(H1, H2)=
9 (0110101010101001)
1 #4
4
(4 4 4) J1
3 bytes chn
H3 H3 H3
(4 4 4) J1
(H1, H2)=
9 (0110100000000100)
(Gi tr con tr mi)

TS.V Trng Sn
70
ng chnh con tr (m)

Khi tc ng h VC-4 ln hn tc ng h STM-1
=> Gi tr con tr c tnh tin li pha sau 3 bytes
SOH
Gi tr
con tr
c cp
nht
STM-1 payload
c
Mi
VC-4
VC-4(Virtual
(Virtualcontainer)
container)
Con tr AU-4
3 Bytes VC c
cha ti y
TS.V Trng Sn
71
ng chnh con tr (m)

1 STM-1 #1
4
(H1, H2)=
9 (0110100000000011)
1 #2
4
(H1, H2)=
9 (0110100000000011)
1 #3
Cc bit D b
o
4
H3 H3 H3
Bt u VC-4
(3 3 3) J1
H3 H3 H3
(3 3 3) J1
X ti thi im ts
(2 2 2) J1
(H1, H2)=
9 (0110100101010110)
1 #4
4
H3 H3 H3
(2 2 2) J1
(H1, H2)=
9 (0110100000000010)
(Gi tr con tr mi)

TS.V Trng Sn
72
STM-1 Pointers Locations

AU-4 pointer
A1
H1 Y Y H2 I
VC-4
I
H3 H3 H3
(E-4 mapping)
AU-3 pointer
A1
3 VC-3s
H1 H1 H1 H2 H2 H2 H3 H3 H3
(DS-3 mapping)
TS.V Trng Sn
73
Con tr AU-3
Vng con tr
Vng ti trng
H1 H1 H1 H2 H2 H2 H3 H3 H3
3 bytes c hi
ng chnh m
3 bytes c hi
ng chnh dng
Mt AUG c th 3 AU-3:

Mi AU-3 c 3 bytes con tr: H1, H2, H3

Khi ghp thnh mt AUG to thnh 9 Bytes con tr
Mi b H1, H2, H3 cng mt trong 3 bytes ngay sau Byte H3 cui
cng: tr v tr v ng chnh cho mt VC-3 tng ng
TS.V Trng Sn
74
Con tr AU-3
H1
1
H2
6
10
11
12
13
14
15
16

Cu trc mi cp H1, H2: nh trong con tr AU-4

C 3 cp H1, H2:

Cp th nht: tr VC-3 th nht, cc bytes: 1, 4, 7, 10

Cp th hai: tr VC-3 th hai, cc bytes: 2, 5, 8, 11
Cp th ba: tr VC-3 th ba, cc bytes: 3, 6, 9, 12
N = (3 x P) + M; M: ch s ca VC3; P = 0 ~ 782
TS.V Trng Sn
75
Con tr TU-3
RSOH
J1
AU Pointer
MSOH
Ti trng VC-4: C4 hoc TUG-3
B3
C2
G1
F2
H4
F3
H1 H1 H1
H2 H2 H2
H3 H3 H3 J1
J1
J1
B3
B3
B3
K3
POH b
bc cao
C2
N1
G1
Ti
trng
F2
H4
Hai c
ct nh
nhi
F3
5 ct
TS.V Trng Sn
C2
G1
Ti
Trng
F2
C-3
H4
F3
C-3
C2
G1
F2
H4
F3
K3
K3
K3
N1
N1
N1
POH b
bc th
thp
Ti
Trng
C-3
76
Con tr TU-3
S dng tr v tr
ca mt VC-3 trong
mt VC-4.
Cch tnh v hot
ng: tng t con tr
AU-4
TS.V Trng Sn
77
Con tr TU-3

P= 0 ~ 763
N= (3xP) + M
N/255

T: thng
D: s d
Hng = 3+T
Ct = 6+D
H>9 ?
TS.V Trng Sn
78
Con tr TU-12
a khung TU-12
Con tr TU-12 tr v tr ca
VC-12 trong khung TU-12

V1, V2, V3: nh H1, H2, H3

V4: cha s dng
Khung TU-12
TS.V Trng Sn
79
Con tr TU-12
V1
N N N N S S I
V2
D I D I
S S : TU size
0 0 TU-2
1 0 TU-12
1 1 TU-11
D I
V3
D I
V4
D
Hot ng
con tr
Cha s
dng
T chc v hot ng ca cc con tr TU12, TU11 v TU2 l ging nhau

TS.V Trng Sn
80
Con tr TU-12
Gi tr con tr TU-12:

Gi tr con tr: 0 ~ 139

cha trong cc bytes V1 v V2

Ch ra di t byte V2 n byte u tin ca a khung VC12 (Byte V5).
Khng m cc Byte V3 v V4
Gi tr con tr bng 0: Byte V5 nm ngay sau Byte V2.
Gi tr con tr bng 35: Byte V5 nm ngay sau Byte V3.
Gi tr con tr bng 139: Byte V5 nm ngay trc Byte V2
ca a khung sau.
Cc Byte c hi ng chnh:

V3: c hi ng chnh m
Byte ngay sau Byte V3: c hi ng chnh dng
TS.V Trng Sn
81
Ghp E4 vo STM-1
TS.V Trng Sn
82
Ghp E4 vo STM-1
140 Mbit/s -> STM-1
VC4
C4
1 1
140M Thch ng
T
c
X
p x
p
TS.V Trng Sn
1
P
O
H
+ POH
Trang
sau
9
1
125
s
260
9
B
tr
125
s
261
83
Ghp E4 vo STM-1
AU-4
1
STM-1
261
Con
tr
RSOH
261
AU4-PTR
+ SOH
ng b
MSOH
9
ng b
B
tr
ng ghp knh: 1X140M 1XAU-4 AUG M

t STM-1
M
t STM-1 c th
mang 1 tn hi
u 34Mbit/s
TS.V Trng Sn
84
Ghp E4 vo STM-1
VC-4
W=IIIIIIII
X= CRRRRROO
Y=RRRRRRRR
Z=IIIIIISR
I: bit thng tin

S: bit chn c hi
C: bit ch th chn
R: bit chn c nh
0: bit moTS.V
u Trng Sn
85
Ghp E4 vo STM-1
Theo tnh ton:

Mi hng ca C-4 c 260 byte x 8 = 2080 bit

Lung E4 cung cp cho mi hng ca C-4:
139,264 Mbit/s * 125 s / 9 = 1934,222.. bit
Cn chn: 2080 - 1934,222 = 145,778 bit
Theo b tr trn:

S bit thng tin trn mi hng: 20 * 96 + 8 + 6 = 1934

Cn li 1934,222 1934 = 0,222 bit do bit S chn c hi.
ng vai tr chn c nh (145 bit):

5 Byte X, v 13 byte Y: 18 * 8 = 144 bit

Bit R Byte Z: 1 bit
5 bit C 5 byte X: ch th chn cho bit S (11111->chn)
TS.V Trng Sn
86
Ghp E3 vo STM-1
TS.V Trng Sn
87
Ghp E3 vo STM-1
34 Mbit/s -> STM-1
VC3
C3
1 1
34M
Thch ng
T
c
X
p x
p
TS.V Trng Sn
1
P
O
H
+ POH
Trang
sau
9
1
125
s
84
9
B
tr
125
s
85
88
Ghp E3 vo STM-1
TU-3
TUG-3
86
H1
H2
H3
ng b
L
n
th
nh
t
VC-4
86
P
O
H
L
p
y
261
1 H1
H2
H3
ng b
Nh
i
9
Ghp knh
Tng t
v
i C4
ng ghp knh: 1X34M 1XTU-3 3XTUG-3 1XAU-4--- M

t STM-1
M
t STM-1 c th
mang 3 tn hi
u 34Mbit/s
TS.V Trng Sn
89
Ghp E3 vo STM-1
X=rrrrrrc1c2
VC-3
Y=rrrrrrrs1
Z=s2iiiiiii
R=rrrrrrrr
I=iiiiiiii
4(R+3I)
5(R+3I)
R X+5(3I+R)
5(R+3I)
R X
3xI
s1, s2: bit chn c hi
4(R+3I)
5(R+3I)
R X+5(3I+R)
5(R+3I)
R X
3xI
c1, c2: bit ch th chn
4(R+3I)
5(R+3I)
R X+5(3I+R)
5(R+3I)
R R Y Z I
i: bit thng tin
r: bit chn c nh
TS.V Trng Sn
84 Ct
90
Ghp E3 vo STM-1
Theo tnh ton:

Mi 3 hng ca C-3 c 84 x 3 x 8 = 2016 bit

Lung E3 cung cp cho mi 3 hng ca C-3:
34,368 Mbit/s * 125 s / 3 = 1432 bit
Cn chn: 2016 - 1432 = 584 bit
Theo b tr trn:

S bit thng tin trn mi 3 hng: (60+60+58)x8+7= 1431.

Hai bit chn c hi: s1s2 (mt chn m, mt chn dng)
ng vai tr chn c nh (583 bit):

Cc Byte Xv R: 24 * 3 * 8 = 576 bit

Bit R Byte Y: 7 bit
5 bit c1 5 byte X: ch th chn cho bit s1

5 bit c2 5 byte X: ch th chn cho bit s2
TS.V Trng Sn
91
Ghp E1 vo STM-1
TS.V Trng Sn
92
Ghp E1 vo STM-1
2 Mbit/s -> STM-1
POH
Thch ng
t
c
125
s
TS.V Trng Sn
9
B
tr
4
1
+
Con tr
+ POH
9
X
p x
p
4
1
2M
TU12
VC12
C12
ng b
Trang
sau
9
TU-PTR
93
Ghp E1 vo STM-1
TUG-3
TUG-2
1
12
1
1
7
R R
Ghp knh
86
Ghp knh
9
Tng t
nh v
i C3
ng ghp knh: 1X2M 3XTU12 7XTUG-2 3XTUG-3 1XSTM-1

M
t STM-1 c th
mang 3X7X3 = 63 lu
ng 2M
C
u trc ghp knh: 3-7-3
TS.V Trng Sn
94
Ghp E1 vo STM-1
V5
R
Mt C-12:

32xI
R
C 34 byte
Mang 32 byte E1
2 byte chn c nh
J2
c1c2oooorr
Mt a khung:
S dng hai bit chn c hi:

125s
S1: chn m (ch th: c1c1c1)

S2: chn dng (ch th: c2c2c2)
a
khung
VC-12,
140
bytes
32xI
R
250s
N2
c1c2oooorr
32xI
R
375s
K4
c1c2rrrrrs1
s2iiiiiii
31xI
TS.V Trng Sn
500s
95
Ni dung chng 3
3.1
3.2

3.3

vo container
3.4

duy tr mng.
3.5
ng b mng SDH
3.6
Qun l mng SDH
3.7
3.8
Tho lun
TS.V Trng Sn
96
Cc phn t mng trong SDH

B ni cho (Digital Cross-Connect - DCS / DXC)
B xen / r (Add/Drop Multiplexer - ADM)
B ghp knh (Terminal Multiplexer TMX / PTE)
Ngoi ra:

B chuyn tip (Regenerator)

B chuyn i bc sng (Transponder)
TS.V Trng Sn
97

B ni cho (DCS/DXC):

S dng trong cc mng dng li

Cc giao tip STM-N l ch yu
Ma trn chuyn mch ln (1024 STM-N)
TS.V Trng Sn
98

B xen / r (ADM)

S dng trong cc mng ring

C 2 giao tip STM-N (phi/tri)
Mt s lng ln giao tip cc lung
s: STM-1, E4, E3, E1.
99
B xen / r STM-4
S khi
TS.V Trng Sn
100

B ghp knh (TMX / PTE)

S dng nh b tp trung (Hub)

Giao tip ng STM-1/4
Cc giao tip lung s E1 l ch yu
TS.V Trng Sn
101

B chuyn tip:

u vo: tn hiu STM-N

u vo: tn hiu STM-N
Khi ph tn hiu truyn dn gim trt v tn sc
TS.V Trng Sn
102

B chuyn i bc sng:

u vo: tn hiu STM-N ti bc sng 1

u vo: tn hiu STM-N ti bc sng 2
Thay i bc sng ca tn hiu truyn dn
TS.V Trng Sn
103
Cu hnh mng SDH
TS.V Trng Sn
104
Cu hnh mng SDH

Cc mng truyn thng s dng cc cu hnh im im, li v

hub.
Mng SDH s dng cc cu hnh m rng hn.
TS.V Trng Sn
105
Cu hnh mng SDH

Mng SDH cho php cc cu hnh trc y c th t hp vi cc cu

hnh vng (Ring) hoc chui (chain) ca cc ADM.
TS.V Trng Sn
106
Cu hnh mng SDH

im im

Dung lng ln (vi DWDM)

t tuyn
V d: cc tuyn cp bin kt ni gia cc chu lc.
TS.V Trng Sn
107
Cu hnh mng SDH

Ring, Bus, Tree v Star

Dung lng khc nhau

Nhiu tuyn
V d: cc mng truy nhp.
TS.V Trng Sn
108
Cu hnh mng SDH

Li

Dung lng ln
Nhiu tuyn
V d: mng truyn ti.
TS.V Trng Sn
109
Cc gii php duy tr mng

Trong thi gian mt chuyn mch bo v t ng (APS):

Mng b mt lu lng
Dn n nh khai thc mt tin
V vy, kim tra hot ng chnh xc ca APS l rt quan trng i vi
nh khai thc
Tham s chnh l thi gian chuyn mch. Khuyn ngh: ti a l 50ms
khi phc mt tn hiu ng.
TS.V Trng Sn
110

Bo v 1+1
Mi knh SDH hai hng (2 si quang) s dng mt knh d phng

ring (2 si quang).

D tha nht
t nht
TS.V Trng Sn
111

Bo v 1:N
Mi knh SDH hai hng (2 si quang) chia s chung mt knh d

phng (2 si quang).

D tha t nht
Hiu qu nht
TS.V Trng Sn
112

Bo v 1+1 v 1:N
TS.V Trng Sn
113

Bo v Vng
TS.V Trng Sn
114
Vng bo v chia s MS hai hng

Trng thi bnh thng
TS.V Trng Sn
115
Vng bo v chia s MS hai hng

Trng thi li (Failed)
TS.V Trng Sn
116
Vng bo v ring MS mt hng

Trng thi bnh thng
TS.V Trng Sn
117
Vng bo v ring MS mt hng

Trng thi li (Failed)
TS.V Trng Sn
118
Bo v ng
TS.V Trng Sn
119
Ni dung chng 3
3.1
3.2

3.3

vo container
3.4

duy tr mng.
3.5
ng b mng SDH
3.6
Qun l mng SDH
3.7
3.8
Tho lun
TS.V Trng Sn
120
Cc phng thc ng b mng

SDH
Cn ng b
ng b ch - t
Master-Slave Synchronization
ng b tng h
Full Plesiochrony
Mutual Synchronization
ng b kt hp tng h / ch t
Mixed Mutual/Master-Slave Synchronization
TS.V Trng Sn
121
Phng thc cn ng b:

Khng c chin lc ng b
Tt c cc ng h mng u
chy c lp (t tr)
D thc hin,
Ph thuc vo chnh xc
ca cc ng h n l
TS.V Trng Sn
122
Phng thc ng b ch - t
Mt ng h ch phn phi
nh thi cho tt c cc ng
h (t) khc trn mng

Trc tip hoc gin tip

Cu hnh sao
Cu hnh cy
Nu ng h ch b li?
TS.V Trng Sn
123
Phng thc ng b tng h

Trc tip, iu khin ln nhau

Cu hnh li
Phc tp trong iu khin
Cc k tin cy
TS.V Trng Sn
124
Phng thc ng b kt hp
tng h - ch t
Chin lc tng h c s
dng cho mt s ng h li
mng
Chin lc ch t c s
dng cho cc ng h ngoi vi
TS.V Trng Sn
125
Phn cp ng b ch - t (HMS)
Bin th ca ng b ch
t nguyn thu:
Nu ng h ch b li:

Cc tuyn ng b thay th
bo v
mt ng h khc thay th
Bo v tnh: tuyn c
chn t trc
Bo v ng: s dng bn
tin trng thi ng b
(SSM)
S dng rng ri nht!

TS.V Trng Sn
126
Cc mng kt hp ng b / cn
ng b
Kh khn trong vic ng b

gia cc quc gia
Ngun ng h GPS khng
c la chn s mt do:

Ti nhiu quc gia

V l do chnh tr
Gii php:
HMS c s dng cho cc quc

gia
Gia cc quc gia: cn ng b
TS.V Trng Sn
127
Cc kin trc tiu chun ca

mng ng b

ITU-T, ETSI, ANSI

Tt c u gia trn chin lc HMS (phn cp ch t)
Ti mc 0:

Mt ng h ch to ra tn hiu tham kho, chy t tr

C th nhiu hn 1 ng h tng tin cy
Ti cc mc thp hn, tc l 1, 2...

Cc ng h t
c ng b bi cc tn hiu n t mc cao hn
Cung cp ng b cho mc thp hn
TS.V Trng Sn
128
Cc loi ng h trong cc mng

ng b (ITU-T/ETSI)
PRC (Primary Reference Clock): ng h tham kho s

cp, t tr chy trn GPS/LORAN-C
SSU (Synchronization Supply Unit):
Tiu biu cho ng h Cng trnh (building clock), ng h t

Chp nhn s ng b t ngun ngoi
C th chy ch lu gi (ngun nh thi bn trong)
Phn phi tn hiu cho cc phn t khc ca node
Vt l: Stand-Alone Synchronization Equipment (SASE)
SEC: ng h thit b SDH (SDH Equipment Clock)

TS.V Trng Sn
129
Phn phi nh thi trong node

(ITU-T/ETSI)
Trong cc node c SSU/SASE

Cu hnh logic hnh sao

Tp trung ti SSU
Trong node:
VD: cc tng i (office) PSTN
Cc phn t mng c ng b
bi SSU
Kt ni vi khong cch ngn

Cc tn hiu ITU-T G.703

2,048 Mbit/s
2,048 MHz
TS.V Trng Sn
130
Khi nim BITS/SASE

ng h c thit k ng b cho tt c cc ng h
khc trong mt khu vc (office)

Mt s nh mng s dng ng h ca tng i chuyn

mch ln hay b ni cho (DCX) lm SSU
ITU-T/ETSI: Stand-Alone Synchronization Equipment (SASE)

ANSI: Building Integrated Timing Supply (BITS)
Tuy nhin thc t cho thy: tt nht l s dng ng h ring
BITS/SASE nn thu t t nht hai ngun tham kho
TS.V Trng Sn
131
Phn phi nh gia cc node

(ITU-T/ETSI)
Cu hnh hnh cy

Tp trung ti SSU
Kin trc HMS tiu chun:

Tn hiu ng b c truyn
gia cc node theo cc vt
(trail) ng b
C th s dng cc thit b
truyn dn PDH/SDH
Cc vt ng b c th cha
cc SEC
TS.V Trng Sn
132
Chui tham kho mng ng b

(ITU-T/ETSI)

N c th ln ti 20 SEC gia hai SSU

K c th ln ti 10 SSU cho mt chui
Tng s: c th c ti 60 SEC trong mt chui
TS.V Trng Sn
133
Phn cp ng h gia trn mc

chnh xc (ANSI)
Primary Reference Source (PRS) (tng t PRC)

ng h Stratum-2 (tng t node chuyn tip SASE)

chnh xc tn s tt hn 1.61e-8
ng h Stratum-3 (tng t node ni b SASE)

chnh xc tn s tt hn 11e-11
GPS hoc LORAN-C
ng h Stratum-1
ng h Stratum-4 (dnh cho thit b khch hng)

TS.V Trng Sn
134
Bo v mng ng b
Phi c vt ng b d phng
khi phc ng h khi c
li
Ngun d phng phi mc

cao hn hoc bng
Mt s u tin phi c
thit lp la chn ng h
tham kho khi c li
Tiu chun chuyn mch:
Pht hin li nng: LOS, AIS,

LOF, Ex-BER, LOP
Pht hin li nh: dch tn
TS.V Trng Sn
135
Bn tin trng thi ng b (SSM)

Do ITU-T, ETSI v ANSI nh ngha

SSM ng thng bo cht lng ca lung STM-1
SSM cho php cc ng h la chn c ngun ng b

tt nht

khi c s dng lm ngun nh thi v ng b
Trong s cc ng h tham kho c sn

Tu thuc vo s u tin
Tng thch vi hu ht cc cu trc lin kt mng

point-to-point, linear, mesh hay ring
TS.V Trng Sn
136
Phn cp phn phi nh thi

v SSM ca ITU-T
TS.V Trng Sn
137
Truyn dn SSM
Trong PDH

Qua lung E1
Cc bit 4-8 ca TS0 ca khung l
Trong SDH

Qua lung STM-N

Cc bit 5- 8 ca Byte S1 ca MSOH
TS.V Trng Sn
138
Cc m hnh ng b cho cc
phn t mng

Mi mt phn t mng phi c cu hnh ng b thi

gian
Phn phi tn hiu tham kho nh thi nn tr nh nht
Cc cu hnh tn hiu nh thi khc nhau:

nh thi t ngun ngoi

nh thi ng dy
nh thi vng
nh thi truyn thng
TS.V Trng Sn
139
nh thi t ngun ngoi

Tt c cc tn hiu c pht i t mt nt c ng b
t mt ngun bn ngoi, thu c ti nt , tc l ngun
nh thi BITS
BITS= Building Integrated Timing Signal (Ngun cp tn hiu

nh thi tch hp)
BITS
Ph
n t
m
ng
W
E
S
T
TS.V Trng Sn
E
A
S
T
140
nh thi ng dy
Tt c cc tn hiu c pht i t mt nt c ng b
vi mt tn hiu thu c
c s dng khi SDH NE c cu hnh lm b ADM
Ph
n t
m
ng
W
E
S
T
E
A
S
T
TS.V Trng Sn
141
nh thi vng
Tn hiu nh thi c ly t tn hiu quang vo, sau

c s dng lm ng h cho cc ng quang ra.
p dng cho mt SDH NE (phn t mng SDH) lm vic
ch kt cui.
Ph
n t
m
ng
W
E
S
T
E
A
S
T
TS.V Trng Sn
142
nh thi truyn thng

Tn hiu truyn theo mt hng quanh vng c ng b

ha vi tn hiu thu c trn cng hng .
Ph
n t
m
ng
W
E
S
T
E
A
S
T
TS.V Trng Sn
143
Trin khai SDH hin ti
T
t c
cc giao ti
m STM-N
u tham kh
o t
i PRS (Ngu
n tham kh
o s c
p)
Phn ph
i nh th
i t
i CB v chuy
n m
ch DS0 tr
c ti
p thng qua cc
ng STM-N
TS.V Trng Sn
144
Ni dung chng 3
3.1
3.2

3.3

vo container
3.4

duy tr mng.
3.5
ng b mng SDH
3.6
Qun l mng SDH
3.7
3.8
Tho lun
TS.V Trng Sn
145
Qun l mng SDH

L mt thnh phn ca h thng qun l mng vin thng

Nh c qun l mng nn SDH c kh nng:

Gim st t xa
Kim tra, xc nh li
iu hnh tp trung
Thay i cu hnh mm do, linh hot
....
TS.V Trng Sn
146
Kin trc Qun l mng
TS.V Trng Sn
147
Cu trc h thng qun l mng
148
Mt m hnh NMS trong SDH
TS.V Trng Sn
149
Cc yu cu v qun l mng
SDH
C kh nng a ch ho cc NE
Vic kt ni cc thng tin qun l thng qua cc knh c

nhng trong cc lung s:
VD: D1...D3, D4...D12
C kh nng gim st, thay i cu hnh mm do, linh

hot
VD: cc NE ca Huawei, a ch IP 129.9.0.0...
Khai thc thun tin
m bo mt cch hi ho vic truy nhp, tch ghp cc

lung khc nhau
TS.V Trng Sn
150
Ni dung chng 3
3.1
3.2

3.3

vo container
3.4

duy tr mng.
3.5
ng b mng SDH
3.6
Qun l mng SDH
3.7
3.8
Tho lun
TS.V Trng Sn
151
Cc bt thng, khim khuyt,

li v cnh bo (I)
Cc bt thng (Anomalies):

Cc li BIP B1 / B2 / B 3
Ch th li khi t xa (REI)
Cc khim khuyt (Defects):

Cc bt thng lin tc vt qu mt gii hn thi gian cc i

Mt tn hiu (LOS)
Mt ng b khung (LOF)
Mt con tr (LOP)
Tn hiu ch th cnh bo (AIS), ch th khim khuyt t xa (RDI)
TS.V Trng Sn
152
Cc bt thng, khim khuyt,

li v cnh bo (II)
Cc li (Failures):
Cc cnh bo (Alarms):
Cc khim khuyt lin tc vt qu mt gii hn thi gian cc i

Cc tn hiu bo dng cnh bo cc thit b pha cui ng truyn
l mt li thit b hoc khim khuyt c pht hin
Gim st hot ng v cnh bo

Cc bt thng, khim khuyt v li c bo co cho OAM chc

nng
TS.V Trng Sn
153
Cc khim khuyt:
Bo hiu cc hng i v v
TS.V Trng Sn
154
o kim trong SDH

Nghin cu phn mm o to ca Huawei
TS.V Trng Sn
155
Ni dung chng 3
3.1
3.2

3.3

vo container
3.4

duy tr mng.
3.5
ng b mng SDH
3.6
Qun l mng SDH
3.7
Tho lun
TS.V Trng Sn
156

GKS Tinchi CH3 SDH V2

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GKS Tinchi CH3 SDH V2

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CHNG 3

K thut ghp knh s ng b SDH

Bi ging K thut ghp knh s

Phn cp tn hiu s SDH (cu trc

Con tr trong SDH v xp xp tn hiu

Cc phn t mng SDH v cc gii php

Qun l mng SDH

o kim trong SDH (c thm)

Bi ging K thut ghp knh s

Phn cp tn hiu s SDH (cu trc

Con tr trong SDH v xp xp tn hiu

Cc phn t mng SDH v cc gii php

Qun l mng SDH

o kim trong SDH (c thm)

Bi ging K thut ghp knh s

Trc SDH, cc mng truyn dn da trn PDH.

Bi ging K thut ghp knh s

SDH da trn nguyn l ghp knh ng b trc tip

Bi ging K thut ghp knh s

Ghp knh tng cp trong PDH

Trong PDH, khi ghp knh t E1 ln E4 cn c 21 b ghp

Cn nhiu on cp ni gia cc DME

Bi ging K thut ghp knh s

Xen r lung E1 t lung E4

Bi ging K thut ghp knh s

Xen/ r trong SDH

Bi ging K thut ghp knh s

SDH l phn cp ghp lung th cp ng b.

Bi ging K thut ghp knh s

Nguyn l ghp xen byte

C s ca SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy)

Bi ging K thut ghp knh s

Cc knh c ghp ti cc v tr c nh c quan h vi cc

r/xen mt knh n trc tip t lung s

Bi ging K thut ghp knh s

SDH l mt phn cp truyn ti trn c s ghp cc lung

(STM = Synchronous Transport Module)

Mi tc l chnh xc bng bi ca tc ca lung cp

Bi ging K thut ghp knh s

Bi ging K thut ghp knh s

Phn cp tn hiu s SDH (cu trc

Con tr trong SDH v xp xp tn hiu

Cc phn t mng SDH v cc gii php

Qun l mng SDH

o kim trong SDH (c thm)

Bi ging K thut ghp knh s

Phn cp trong SDH

Cc lung bc cao c to ra bng cch ghp xen bytes cc

Bi ging K thut ghp knh s

Phn cp trong SDH

Ring lung STM-1 c to ra t cc lung PDH:

Bi ging K thut ghp knh s

Bi ging K thut ghp knh s

Phn cp SDH (ETSI)

Bi ging K thut ghp knh s

C : Container, l n v thng tin dng ng b ho cc lung PDH vo

Bi ging K thut ghp knh s

C4: dng ghp lung E4 (kch thc 2340 bytes).

cn s dng cc bit chn c nh v chn c hi

Bi ging K thut ghp knh s

SDH v tn hiu khng ng b

Ti vng giao tip

cc bit chn c s dng