cueren 10 [DUCTS AND FLOW PASSAGES ‘Toe frat of Pus, D’Ary, Fang of Cryin enn sion with the Revol Santon curve of eso factor tx Reyna tmier sd emplalalowant for boy vlv sty eae th {tonal rxstanse of « arma piping o ting psa to be cleu Ise with an acsmcy uliet for engoering porns Dain ae ‘rls for easing the prewar drop thru tov packings Sd Bde of troken nite Dio arte when fd epled {2'tow through peg of igus shape with an change of ‘lenin and cm-ntlonal stn, ones obtale ier- fence aod recmbnation of sasha ea. Uefa inferaton ca ‘hn'be obaed fom eo avo oo ith pom ae tobe “Pe undaneotl equation frets! peso dp nan iso prune fd fing ro tage ppe or dee of emma ras ‘sion whieh cay Almay be tien 10) poe coin ss ia pero eerie to a Deemed pe cee ee en cr diesee ale Soot = Eat - : Hace eee ee ent tees eens prance eer nena re in tty, he ih Ramla ofae de fe pg cos en ax sow rama 13 where it function of he Rayne umber an dina aio hap ‘eter desing geometcieal slaty in right chal of Sonstant ‘emotion The most qeaive for of ha elation for ema ‘aly ena ane of ay tape FG): ihre Pe funtion embodying both the Helo factor fan Ue Shape fstr arth wetam, or erat pipes, re 1 ie convesint to be able to slate Reynolds manbers from cosine witht onering tm ones i Wick 08 = 70029 tr tndin pipe only 316829 torent ee hore» ~ fd dost, content unite Ob) 1 toni rly fd + inn von pe 4 dite hydrate diameter 6 ‘= diameter or bya diameter, fs = vacua, conte ite (1/8) f= vaca, enol = volunarn rat of fo, Imperial om @ = votes rat of fow, US. em ‘Wher te ld aga and thrforg compendia, Ba (1010) be sills" approsimaton provided the total press dope es ‘han ato 10 per ett oleate prare"Wh te pan ‘re dp beste lor in latent elie prea te Sur ‘Sonn ase appa Boman a the changin vlume ofthe pa ant femur fai "Pow coos are then septa hy the ier: oti ection “ya ona114 ror rue, woonts, ano SoaLeP wero or jtharmal ow o any exe tae, this may be oproxinaly Integrates allows: ‘Camara of ae lg he tbe ie ihre p and repro thn deity and aan Koma vty ofthe (bo aed te esbespin 2, and we rer, ayes, t ond at {hei ull sod the ariel men Chee “rhe ogaton a state he pi ent hr the cretion facto fo he deviation frum the peroe-ens Inne, the comprnlity factor” Ror thermal ow, Ty =. ‘Th, (1024) become dpe _ sFa re Bim ve repo eval # hy ay whic it» saree apposition oan ing the valuta el (10) ean be negra 0 cep a # (0020 we doe pa = (r+), he hii avant apt aoa ce Sp ae 09) nth a of «pect yh tern vai, Campy faces fr sominon pce ar pubs in standard works 01,14), Alternately he ea! constants of the eax SS tine compen try nly Sporcaed rom general curve such at tho of Ober CD or moe acerate sedngy rernce may be mad to the gece ‘st pubdate by Nels od Ober (0 or tnmoue fom apnea in whish he psa lo i igh nel sion to the abt pee of ha system, dyna lity ot ‘ne mos the ml aos operat with the se Hai of ‘Sromure Gop in mel al prototype a acne ith equal of ‘Repos tater Tn ccm, the ert poco ate ‘the model with water over te rege rg of Reynlds numbers ‘od dtaraine Fin Bq O-e) ‘Th apopite vle e2a ‘Sted in Ba. (102) oe (1020), “guatios (1020) to (1-30) ena be alee drt foe known end senda, bu oad tn wd conden for akon asf fos ‘Waban nations meway. Fis found fo ie eye ‘umber ty eadolaten o experzmont panda Bands A ‘rot pisamuned to ie pom whith apnea. Amore ‘curate vale af pn the ba taken a he slelaton repent, “Thm geometrical aity of th fl shel iodo tpreinatly wate rough, ‘That essa const the moving fi able proportional morta in the model ‘an inthe proteype."‘The peentag er etna by tegning ‘lcd rage nro With the Byala 8 sonnet ‘gated bythe allowing abe woh shows the appenzat atlo of tition faire for commer on pis ln ae a ul Tey umber at in ate, ‘sk apes ater =e mnt ve Whar homologous estems (he ane fi) are pope ets the al a he age sal, the reoent faa Rayos ber nite the weal atic that aw preteen pare ye {ers sresponding elie n stalls mls ay bea gh ‘at somprnen eft bom wpe, end th Reyna ee ‘er to lnge che oe tron of say. ven wh ud, me compteion eae negliglean exceive poner sone ton ie eed to nintnn a-eali mletodel cen cre ‘ponding tonermal precios thelargy sei” ‘The cael meted of (reroming this difulty fo tt the ml ag ald ef uc lover inate vss than that tot employed onthe ll ene, ‘The lower the kia veocy In Ue mod, the lower the Bad ‘loci creaponing tom vn Yt in ho prototype Figure 1041 shows Knenate viely n/p stad gue esperar for drogen, water, and meres. -AU20C, the Kenai icty lignite ta 0 ea a aed ‘When the Regs aber in ow ests xo bot 10000,‘nd the ween cosine sal of 00h ie, Benda ierpalar ‘nope of section rater asf Tong, emoothshacoly the om ftom and fen factarf boouoe cbstantally independent. of Feynlde numer, thsoevumtano a model ean olen ve cute nfermation even tho tis peril to Repos number ° ee gH ery mish helo that fhe prototype, povided vay thatthe ae Inthe model encode 10000. "hie devln i flea ued In odo laf farnen oe Cha. 1. om “Ariel expres for euro ot tional wsance fete gor tho hg. 10 1 omni de et ‘Sting pump, cone valve, fownrta, ferent) manotter {ant snd theater IC pile the gud one shou be id ‘ur il condouoas rn tothe oli dno ir postal, If owing {othe shape of hn mal al pocket re unaoldbe sane must be ‘roidd for Usding he tot of Ue Tha the ester om te od wih water Beloe te bid alto the mol there ‘ould ba eaingwstion of pipe at lent 0 mcr ath to {tooth cut dstrnneos eased by Hens and ings. "tihng ‘rte the sion nip mooth the fom tae not eet lat {he elming eto le biow 0 dhanetarin length. The esting ‘rp of Ue cent or pote rotry type eng ow ‘hat see fom paeaon. A thermometer in Ue iid ie eosary ‘norris ony and voy tay be eerely btwn e108 Apu bo in pein Wt tre Model cn be ed to determine the coca of dichargn of song ois nbn tae of sah shape or ave t be aad {G'nuch's poston that hn mandard oro forms oot spp Here it inaennary to clove equal of Reynois nonber nd faly ‘ant geumetrn! Smarty 0 race Toughotn Any bal of San animent onthe large cae ust aso be rpreduod le Ue Solo Under tha conden water or cl alt mabe wd Ub ol to give a Ryan mer ea to the he hot gon ‘ngs fermc, thar greaty olacing the comeponding vent Se ‘hn mode sr sectioned shove Cheers and Tieng (102) emplyed {hn teciqun telat short ven ifn onstrated i ae tory coerte and ued to meter hot rw proder gas €0 88 op ake ne )‘Starry Pumring Tnseldo posible oped with any confidence the fw chars. tere aod tonal es of od ld srs ven insight pes, The empiri forme of Durad, wich ngven below, apples Tel to Geely rnd peradoe pended In water For normal ela ete ning ide range of partie i, and for uring uss oer than rate, te woul advimble Wo ory ox expe ‘mente with th parca ry to hand befor dodging rey Piping len. {Huey gid mapension of wold partie which end to spe rate aut ta sanding or dasng hoontl sams flow. Usually ‘opus ar ster han te dd st he tam, at ‘ilar princes apply to ght parties with font to tb top. Where te sold pales have eat the ene density ox the iti, {here no dency to spate aed no huang robe. Ts the fw of ure rough pps und chanel, there are tro Iinporant truslonal raocee, ‘Th Tower tact, a ine nun ley hn wlocty Elon wich parler ws out rom he Tu ad petal otra lok he eh The upper tani toa velo te ylsty above wich the ary bear a 8 mages u,b bea elle the sonar ety (10 [bov the stand veeety, inthe ros of homogenean ow, the {st parle ar slr dspered tooo! th id and ove {frwaetwthe ne velo. Fito lowes may thn bo eel {n't entinnry ney fom te DvAvey or Fanaingequsion, wing 8 Ite fcr dvr ror he Reysolde Stanton cure Te emp tig oyoide suber the easy and sooty ar an shows lhe dur: Botwean tbe minima vlodty and th standard ea the region of heterogenous fe. In tha region, the slide vance ‘Shen tna he gs anna Bint pipe thre an appre ‘Ste comcatation grade fam tp to bt.” Piston Some are Srey higher then for the pave Kid the sane rely ‘The nde hua setae ay bo imation x yatly de tthe thing to pereate fared tough the spoon fore slowly oving vi | “Th jr factor in determining the sium and sandal velo tsstor uptclr aac ar hen Ue pals and hs par et desty or bveancy) when Innere ithe ior tery feo ow deny, carey, the eandaréwloty mayo below the ange af ronan puping veloc Win that range the ry Ee whavn a gl, nd hare son agin no Iain probin. for my ofthe comer adits rin ouch at wat of rok oul wupeaded in te, he sana ely i frat te ange (Ceeouomle pumping vee Sock rir mast be nd in he ‘ei a nergensas Now, aod ie there fat experinents se tally es. Ta dodging «sry poping system, ther ao te min probes fen to deter the iin sd sada Yes inorder to ‘Seah whether fow wil ein thy homogenate heterogeneous ‘pln; soon to claate the fool reine to ow atthe ‘ete eo. ‘Spal (115) alin imeanonl analyse to the pole of minis sd toad ylriin ad howe shat oth depend mental os ‘Tame beewoen te dopensng efecto the trtulony and he revatio! foc tenga eonenteata ho yl the ation Tithe pipe Henn th frou pmber, erecting the rato of ‘arto gratiatna ocen il be sted tothe Reynols um ‘eeTepreing the ois eral io frets "The nein the moving iid pends ep te absolute deny, whiree the ‘vlan! fore ating ona partie dopends apa table ‘Eesityimmonod inthe gud." own, the Frond mbes ae 0 we model to inde the rato of then depts,” Spels coated tha oth nu and saad veloc shou confer owen Moni eqention of the Pe a) ae, sehere = sar mini sana yolity / 1 pipe diameter fo soeraton of erty 1.2 mean patter domi of gu ae density of ay 7a eetie dey” formed parties ~ naa = 1 saat of Had rx pattlo betwee 0 ao 500» a dinmcer Ging i wet aril pies, he popoved the empl equation where C= 01051 forthe minis vel, OTA for the standard ‘rai‘Craton vt publi exermentl rete onl approxima so Spel enn that Bq (103) ston ot be wel utd the artnlodse range mentioned: It don, however, llr bude or Woting ep experimental eieminaine of inom sod standard ‘Roel onthe sel Fr Romologds eta ving the ‘hae prise, (108) yl the vne-ap ration vegan 08) where = Oe +p and © = vue concentration of els "The nsoud prolam a owl up he onal ota Fund meta frei enton someon tothe Navi Soke go ‘oneforigushave ot on woke oat for igld onde. ‘The {Emerald dinencoalesaquaon must Luror be derived mn ‘Tino ania ls vo lnowndge of th peal mechanias (Shworks "Tho fw ecanism hat i spre n he dow of pure ue oth eliog of the sob paren Tho La of ting of pts in's quien nud dopends spose Rayos mumber ef wher vs the etn voit andes patie diameter. Fore © 2 thceting ey alos Stk’ nr exrsponding oat ofl pst ht partie Wor Re ith sot ‘Mancly flows. Nowa aw, coterponding to fly developed Unleash pst ‘Stoke iw of wating wie ehry = sing vlc lative to he Mg and = a ont "Noto aw of li wn ee ‘The grein dimansonew eqston for sary tow may be ecole cota ster the grep g/pu = ot the nO? (nto mK ovrding t2 Seer or Newtor’s fa eplen. Both ‘an ae shape factors depending lyon the poetry a te ‘eld parties, "Th othe ya prose at work ithe tig of pte into the ‘uidtyonm agua torn prio hs anf of momen fm fom gid fo sod" "Tho phn rales Invaled ae tho oma ud vty Bd deat olctve pari dasty om as mow masons ma ‘ie dante dnd aeseaion of era Tow ith dimen ‘eal rep pod, rpresentng th alo of itl fresh Fis o grit foes sag onthe sl "Tho Ga vale [the cneentraton af he sae, hich may be exrewed a tho ‘wlumett ration of lide‘ tam denotes rut AW degen th of ap ait leat oppo eel do to ‘foto, the ponraond enol ogetion ay ba wien (0040) 08) Newton’ aw spin Winconvesia to repeat the ton an the Bw fx try sein of theloa a the sue vanly ith the pre iid dented th Thirst within mi, allows Ue rl of sy poming ‘periment to be exzeolatod to etna of iret geal arm Since Sh slot) and p/p = 90, we may write her 0070) 0075 ‘hose of Dum and his cova (103), wh creat chat rele In torae of a fonction y= (ON 00 /ah. Ter aqoas Ui, {they pope an ep euation which ray be wan veine( "(2 os "The term « was iron int the oii! Durand equation by Wort {8} oso als nth parle af diferent destin "This baa the mse peera frm © (107) noe whee » Gn sit unit) = the poup whew KC, Th othr wordy Duro’ ‘ule are colsed ont smu iat Newton's aw of ting {ppc rough, evn thous Ke epeinent covered foe ring ‘Eerie of which sould ve obeyed Stokes’ Ian This may be teeter fhe slate of nese aad eating nth ii {ot fact tat beep ave Hae snough to obey Stoke Iw122 mor runes, moots, ano scuue.ty serous he tandard voit ene oe eves Blow the etary pumping ‘yonins 8 fp hn he fow of sah soe ebay Iomogeneoun Toe Itreting point aout Bq, (10-0) sb (103) {hat the peered in suey ppg depend oto parle se Tt only on saps, deat, and Yume lenin fle a the sary Srert “The Durand Wonter ution (108) wa sve rom expvinta wih lly graded sob prt, wn Te ay mot bo ero app ‘blo to oinry Indu lr having wide tage f partie tee Idiay, however, b taken sea bas for vig up expects th sven Gye of cry. -Amaning he sine pris the, ie posta and efetve diy on the mal no args cl, (108) Pore baad)" esto ‘ete type a ah, densting ation of sorrnpending quanto 28 ‘tho argr/smai ele” Eqution (104s) ond spl ove hong the ‘oss pt ses on cero sd mal cle ae diferent, provided ‘ony tat the curve of sie drbtion about the sean ae as, "he poser or ling up Ue ow estate fs prt stu to at ep a appara wnar to tat shown se Fig. 102. ‘The "model" inthe aoe may tea leat of ppe, preferbiy ane areata sling ef he sl an be observed. The mina ‘loc edtereined imaly andthe pee drop nnn over = ‘owe voli for oth he sry altho par i970 in ‘thn pote seant a. Tho Oberoi ety maybe ‘eed up in seordaoe with Ba, (100) Ts eden he expetinenal sparta, a npr that Ue ‘dey in ory tbe part of he Be path neg ied nk) ‘Seni ighr than Eatin th tort tron tat sing rt ‘hr lr i tak place ay where ae, 8 int mai tin tai dar 4 tf Aa ete of» nn mn ere a LOW saaanams 12 2h Lees an th yen pr i ovis cit tek i a i 2 Ee rt == peor ray Tikit ety TOPS 1g ee tt on or tn112 mor mvs, woos, Axo soc wrrHons "hod ef he allel oer eh Ax omnia, 330) {2 peng amy sens by cae “G Zhu ris bn a we Scat FLEES Aen nt we Mey sot auerea 14 MICING EQUIPMENT ‘The prison apps of siking eqipment i the prose 2: Bogs o len ie 2 Diperon a sou fi Hais 5 Province anon day af hes oper ny be empl yh feng ine nse ‘Ther ne quntatv infomation about tn mining of sie sant pares and non on ch le mao enld be bros Th ‘ptr is hrf stint open ering mig ed ‘Sede anderd sagt fore pps ings vee raed wath ototing me Mo wtred esl aruba appro ‘Etta is Chap. 2a a nha emer in Chg 8 Te mnt cape Ge Soneed th paling nose or mc Fes iy bt or man umd [er asamed fat 2 etry Ecce of ming has been schived exermentaly on tbe pb soe [SEE gard fred nol a "The Bil dw prs ne maples and intone ly ty te gemey oe rit Tae difereialeqeson of Bo a be stn Zorn, they cannot be gomly grated Por {hs w,conarblo me a Ron made of nda ody of biting Ins daa cn papers (1 to TH), ison ane he Sowers ovat bt of omen snare ‘Steet wos Oe st wo have ewido by Bathe {Gs and Brothas aa Kopin (87) Rushton (207 to 300) har ‘St oathe geal pine invaved Sn etrpsating te po ‘mance fain ert higher Reyachs number ote args ‘ais ant Baas 1, 10) and Chilo, Dre, and ens {Gay tone eget inward eater conten eometrally cane wee! when the riba pend‘he agitators were aa. Buche (88), Brothman sd Kaplan (187), ‘td ior and Map (56), onthe ter band, coteluded at sal inne isto pve sel nse-trnae enfin and sng aan {equal power inputs or uit voime. Rast (207) owed Ut ‘itor satement cul bo errs under appropriate enone bat ‘Bat both were pei caue of noe poral so of wale lane invoving te parses tha sae rere om he Reyeadn index "Thm lations aren pine appcale over a wierd than mi ing td they tave airy teat dace In Chap Verne, ‘ins od Langs 1) aed a opt metho to detrmin ‘pes aera in imine Ba ystems "The general dmesonet equations fr Sid mation and heat sd ac rnfor hat mae dived in Chap. 4 and 8 ad plied 10 ‘Sie eltone fn Chap ase appisale to power eoaramption and Tt and eee ann 1 unary to replace te ean fn lost the pspral oped ftw alaar, whl proper ‘onde 8G, wht = daalr of gitar lng noma to a ‘oation ao N= angular ylty a sar, ope or revolts per bur seeding oth wit enployed. ‘The tr dine Za {Esper groupe spiced by tenga dimer Pal, ‘hefremar oiclt r xprene Intra o th pore coarmpton Prand'eaed the poe number "Tho wultinggeowaced dien ‘nie uation fo id Sow in mise Be- oon "The steely analogous tg. (5.25). Whee thre ace tro imminibl lguie fhe Weter nur enter and hr eats boerne Bi = (ee “The nae to Ba (49) 1s knowa ths tho fet ofthe Repos and Yroade umber in ‘he dow sunt at ith i acarry be represented by pose fiona of thu aber alls thw exponent te not ena ‘over the whole ange of veoaion "Tho Wee nuber eters where {eet otainr nice di ele iuitor aeons Ear Invetgtos cond tht fr wack pane the degre prion ln fro pu as fein af the hareower inp per nit sa) seve myuruaee 1% ie (119, 200. Vermeil, Wits and Dango (211) meee ‘ro the men droplet or bubble dite i digs sed gn lial ders by an opto! mate sd ound tht twas a power {net othe Weber numb lone for bg sete nad the Water and eyacde nantes for aelgud pte ‘Whe thre 2 ned pw he general anton ford motion na ser ages by Tos, Catch, and Rverets 20), Be CT ae eee eee Jat pee eee ipnmmeeceaites Scitation hr the constant ad depend upon the goonaty Tas unaled iter, th powenber tha anced by both ‘ue Regal umber nd the Proude uber "he Rey ster Akarmiow the vanodty-catrd turbulence per sta the ‘Sud whe he Fvowie suute dterion he vores pole and the ‘ord Galton ne versal plas, ch are ental by ety. ‘rom Ba {it or (143) it never that for bemsogos bao ‘ne ayo slaty x tmpenblebatreenequpmant of Serer Scene se hasten ote enter, te yo elations for equal ‘Reynolds and Froude ums ae ncompetbi Rahn 307) bas ‘td uy however Shay wha oda ipl made ep Saas dlaraine ett ow pate and porer coup a ‘Sobel mie, Chis con be eheed by egeying bg ower ‘Encmatieyocry inthe model inno the prottype Ung, at ‘model (@~ a protatype/d mal, v~ » potaype/» mode, ee), inultawons. equity of Teyalis ad route’ somber an, Bo Auained in guonetrally slr wbatled ase Ifthe stator ‘Tamer and yee ae reat to tho aio nal oct (140) x a)PS ‘Unde so cmon, the power mbes In model and potatype so equil whence to rato of power eonaumptons i gnen by P= gta = wo res) Moroury 20°C hs Kaemate wisest 1/80 tne hat wate, so tht the pver shasta aballed ierforaqecn a tion el spo fo » geomataly sar mode to ele ato of 80% ~ 4.3 containing meey Sect geomet! Srey ‘ene osc trol: the ong rn of ‘chs de shold be pled. ‘The power np othe mode ay ‘eels from he alan spend allied by tora, te later ‘ing determined by mounting the miner Yn on a toon tla Under the conisnne of Hae (1-2) to (Lede, te vorepatess ‘profs in mode nd prototype willbe pometaly wna. Ts er wh oro prt of ot lashed he ae on ‘ho sal andthe args so nami ingle onthe ‘oct of the Frodo ber eliminated. Tie maybe achieved by ‘rovidingitmerand bats of fect area npr vrs fora on etl. Avmber ao Ated ad 4 be fly bid Bae Ine the power oasumpton and ero at ow ayo mame) th agency, mat they ao generally nploed where go ‘nag i portant I ony hue eres frmaton ppd that homologs mining weer can be quttatvely wal up Instead of proving ba is poe to apps vot oa tion hy afin the erm esate oh ising Yee ink and Olshae (20) have peitad ot tat fr the compe ‘ppreion of rian fi rer shal ot ola ow fe ‘aller type and sight inctnod in och tanner tat the xin com ‘neta fow ends to opps to ev induced by the etn oe ‘Rr (08), An oft mizr i whieh el veuly speed ie ‘eullent fo lly tla igor a ng iodepondnt ofthe Frond amber "Th power aon or fly baled mine in en ‘To ring the power ouation nto a foe omparae withthe sande sth od mur srantr equations, Olay and Can (25) lic By eh sides of (44) y the Reyole uber. Repaing ‘rat nthe equation by the powell por wl volume = = he ve wh = 0,(N)" as Hot) ue er the Reynolds nde foe ld fton or momentum tan {= 14m. The goup on the it ia mail fom a the gu {roe by Oty and Carbon the por ncton at repent ht ‘ao of applied trav to vnou free.” Reasing the apkaler ‘lametr da the eaters ng for he sate, ad mtn ‘he Pan an Sob some t be estat, the crepe teu and mater equation or Homage ming f(t) 9 Beier on hare and are th Rayna nde fr bast aod mass tuner, {repoieys Type! vals we ge In Tale ‘gato (145) to (4-7) apply oly hare tho tte utc ie Saad of a nt elena, the martraer outage ppleable aly tothe auton er trytliation of sol patel The igus and ithe sear ae bjt othe ence the Weber oe. in other iow operation x wll file to compare opdagour sytem at eal Tejas umber seep for mall tee rating ong to the sae atime pe an pow eos tion ile orn the mode, Henn ealing up thn erorianes oa ‘nied ner, te ncteary to employ tho methods of etrpaation ‘roped by Ton (QU), whieh thlr ener sepete have {Sry Bon sendy Chap 8. For saling up power eomunpin, ‘er emonal to know, atd for bat sad an rn, nu, ‘eapotivay. ‘Thre inde ra sume dpenet on te eu the eaten, td the matlab snalng-tp prose to date Ine thm ovr awe rang of Reyne name in mode mine. ‘We thi ot pani appropiate rls mut be lest rt he Berar. "Tale shows Reason fr oat and suas tear a ermine by sane of waar in vas gmt yea $erstived vance a which he sen ofthe ao usaf a face independent ofthe Ma tion, a alo af mag bake or oth sand ae.” For 2 the Reyna fet fr momentum rane, (tney abd Cason (20) sage tha a ah wppronimalo 8 eo178 mua ruts, moons, ax seaLm-r SHORE aot vals of 038 might be apled to both ated and untaed tases over ie bla tange of trbulent ow, “The asl value in [unced ribiatnly by blag and Reyoolds number aad wo 8 Ser etn! by th guety of he atta nd ming vous.” Ma {is a0) a Hanon, Cathy abd vert (208) have pte power ‘ner sia Heya nter fo ht cw experinent and thoe ‘other wrk Pom he lots, whichtgother over 2 ier ‘peel ivr ive by 1 deret eto wacker, the ger Bet rve of Figs 11 bnve own dened At Tyas nombers ae de Be 8 e ee Pelt hea let Ra BW Cac ond Boe Co. Berbipaicios sl tw i ‘wow 10, the ld motion oll mre wae stealing. Abore 300, {Ran fly tarbulentBetmees 10 30 ing tanston repo, ‘ihe coders more spread out than in ip flow. I wil be ‘en from Fig. 144 att Teyolds aumbers shove 900 Oiney ad. ‘Garou’ average rae of 05 fr 2 ough corel In wailed ‘Sine tat in fly tld mar the avenge vale of 2 lot nig.” For ortain true noel by Rosin ta 200), Dncealghy above uty at Reynold arbors borwenn 1 ad 108 For ibe dapersion fie toc in Til, he ort of Vermeulen, Win ed Langlois (211) proves a sitar ive une Ifthe ape laerfce of the twophaee ale, {evenly srportiona othe mean droplet or bubble deer, thet {a fohetrmtysinlar mines aad equal vluete proprio of the tro phe the emp ogo of Vereen ote. my be ‘poten, or na iguld aptens, wo (2) as “The team deviation from the bore ean in expiants with ‘ios oy gs mas 20 pert. Foehonnagos tons, {he bore elton redo to we anaes we) or gu qld stn, Verein found tha Pe Huth Weber suber individ bythe sqrt fh Ryda +e ane ae) 1 proporions fee two pass pee in he mde nd roe ‘ype ave ut the sn, hen np ereton facta to Bo ‘pnd ta the pret ain the wove equation (2) "Fae rl for extraolting mer petro vais scoring ax the abject to dager ssid or mie aldo tb oad, rt elect bono ase tae, om the eter. For pep feria ade gy thn pubisbed eigenen sage hat re tin pe rove nba fut misng rst at equal vaca the degre of a gue Sion Ely bled corey eft ive tha ean ‘eae upon Roystde aden las, he vl fay be taken ne Hen, tram By (149), «=e aun wi i nat, xe 100) Pla asia) "Then are the sale auton forth mixer ms dpe AL rl tive termed eepondig to (10a), Ue reve power com ‘pons corspond to (L410. au igud so guage estama, ra calla rq hat180 mot reas oom A SOK-CP SeTHODR he Wt mute hl i ae ad potty matt ad the wale uations are noe ett) oe as) "Tieton oto Impeceab a tht of qual Reynold nam ‘ay, ut isl eal fo a izonlntly ih tree epecd Inthe ‘ode tne the periph vloty see tobe inverely prope al the gansta he near wale Te mar oven! to ‘ccapolte tothe condone eal speci intrfefn model ad roatypety mean of. (18a) or (14). Tora sonatant vl of ‘bot equine ume seal agutan, NW? conta, whch ‘abuns fo Ea (Le) Te appear therfore that for ietle Tiida and gniqid stm as, eq of power Spt per it ‘olume ier oq degree of dispenion. "For asling ap -tranaer omen nmin, th appropsie seals equations have toon given in Chap. 12,1 (1209 Inger, {ho ratio of eer spate thle bout tuner coxcents re ea |v ot the snow that wieh power npots per unt ears ‘octets ev oq Hebe, In sane up mi performace ‘thre heat erate invaled, dvb oti Bg (1-10) ad (10) for eer ped ad power sod at he bata ‘eaficet bythe nur sel eatin (124), ong an appro teva ofthe Heyl ine ramle har trl emai to pre aie 8 ey {at pe i whens po dae ep i eshte O76 Sh enti an vag «peel steve uncng x 1,90) rpn” Th eng te for watch itinerary nde har a el ‘ike ler Waa shad the re oe tte gt ag opr ts fw oie mh mal shat i he pe meron ‘the faee wlerae a= oD ieie = 8 me) the at yess be 1/08 = 1/83, The re pid eee aba war aa 22s Pr By (110) he pe nti of eed wa wb 04 x0 = 0889 oe jul btn es ems a he md a | ade ti tem mh ne vapor ee ‘Shame Fer etter cs i no ue dts Sr i Bt “Tara pclae HA = G08 = = rig th ae on ala ie 0 0 ae 12 Eee crates pa ee a = Rayani Inder for heat trader ESS