N=9

1.1
p1=D bar =100 bar
t1=E C =500 C
m=F t/h =340 t/h
p2= G bar = 0.05 bar
Dtar = H grd = 8 grd
1. Ciclul Rankine in diagrama T S

2. Entalpiile:
Punctul 1:

p= p1 = 100 bar
t = t1 = 500 C
h= h (p, t ) =h (100 bar, 500 C) = 3374,1 kJ/kg (din tabel proprietatile
apei si abur supraincalzit)
s= s (p, t ) =s (100 bar, 500 C) = 6.5984 kJ/kg K (din tabel proprietatile
apei si abur supraincalzit)

Punctul 2 p= p2 =0.05 bar

s2=s1= 6.5984 kJ/kgK
t= tsaturatie (p2) = t(0.05 bar)=32.9 C
s2 = s(32.9 C) + x (s(32,9)-s(32,9)) rezulta (s si s se citesc din tabele
pentru saturatie la p2=0.05 bar)
x

s 2 s ' 6.5984 0.4762 6.4822

0.8185
s ' ' s '
8.3952 0.4762
7.919

h2= h + x (h-h) = 137.77+ 0.8185(2561.2-137.77)= 2121.347 kJ/kg (h si h

se citesc din tabele pentru saturatie la p2=0.05 bar)
Punctul 3 p3= p2 =100.05 bar
t=t saturatie (p2) = t2 = 32.9 C
h= h (t saturatie - apa) =h (0.05 bar) = 137.77 kJ/kg
Punctul 4 p4= p1 =100 bar
l PA

p 4 p3 (100 0.05) 10 5

9995 J/kg = 9.995 kJ/kg

4
10 3

h4= h3 + lPA = 137.77 +9.995=147,765 kJ/kg

Punctul 1 p1= p1 =100 bar
h= h saturatie (p1 - apa) =h (100 bar) = 1408,6 kJ/kg
t1=t saturatie (100 bar)= 310.96 C
Punctul 1 p1= p1 =100 bar
h= h saturatie (p1 -abur) =h (100 bar) = 2724.4 kJ/kg
t1=t saturatie (100 bar)= 310.96 C
3. Randamentul termodinamic

lturbina
h1 h 2 3374.1 2121.347
1253.03

0.3883
qgenerator
h1 h 4
3374,1 147.765
3226.335

4. Puterea la turbina
(h1 h 2) 340
Pm

5. Consumul orar
ch

1000
(3374.1 2121.347) 118315 .56 kW = 118.31 MW
3600

(h1 h 4) 340 (3374.1 147.765)

m

30.012 t/h
Qi g
0.85 43000

Consumul specific

c specific

c h 30.012 1000

0.02536 kg/kWh
P
118315 .56

( h6 h1) m
apa c p t apa
6. Qapa m

apa
m

(h 2 h3) 340 1000 (2121.347 137.77)

m

5575.53 kg/s = 20071.91 m3/h

c p t apa
3600 4.2 8

1.2
m = I t/h = 420 t/h= 420*1000/3600 = 116.667 kg/s
p1= J bar = 170 bar
t1 = K C =540 C
p2= L bar =45 bar
t3 =M C =535 C
p4 = N bar =0.055 bar
pd = O bar =8 bar
1. Diagrama T-s

2. Parametrii de stare
Punctul 1: p1=170 bar
t1= 540 C
Din tabele abur supraincalzit avem:

h1= 3399.1 kJ/kg

s1= 6.4090 kJ/kgK
v1= 0.01954 m3/kg
Punctul 2: p2=45 bar
s2= s1= 6.4090 kJ/kgK (proces adiabat)
Din tabele abur supraincalzit citim t2 ca functie de presiune si entropie:
t(45 bar, 6.3836 kJ/kgK) = 320 C
t(45 bar, 6.4291 kJ/kgK) = 330 C
t(45 bar, 6.4090 kJ/kgK) = 320 + (330-320) * (6.4291-6.4090) /
6.3836)=324.4 C
t2= 324.4 C

(6.4291-

h2= h(45 bar, 324.4 C)

v2= v(d5 bar, 324.4 C)
h(45 bar, 320 C)= 3001.5 kJ/kg
h(45bar, 330 ) = 3028.7 kJ/kg
h(45 bar, 324.4 C) = 3001.5 + (3028.7-3001.5) * (330-324.4) /
=3016.732 kJ/kg
v(45 bar, 320 C)= 0.0543 m3/kg
v(45bar, 330 ) = 0.0557 m3/kg
v(45 bar, 324.4 C) = 0.0543 + (0.0557-0.0543) * (330-324.4) /
=0.055084 m3/kg

(330-320)

(330-320)

Punctul 3: p3=p2=45 bar

t3= 535 C
Din tabele abur supraincalzit avem:
h(45 bar, 530 C)= 3508.5 kJ/kg
h(45bar, 540 ) = 3531.4 kJ/kg
h(45 bar, 535 C) = 3508.5 + (3531.4-3508.5) * (540-535) / (540-530) =
= 3519.95 kJ/kg =h3
s(45 bar, 530 C)= 7.1186 kJ/kgK
s(45bar, 540 ) = 7.1470 kJ/kgK
s(45 bar, 535 C) = 7.1186 + (7.1470-7.1186) * (540-535) / (540-530) =
= 7.1328 kJ/kg K=s3
v (45 bar, 530 C)= 0.07985 m3/kg
v(45bar, 540 ) = 0.08097 m3/kg

v(45 bar, 535 C) = 0.07985 + (0.08097-0.07985) * (540-535) / (540-530) =

= 0.08041 m3/kg =v3
Punctul 4: p4=0.055 bar
s4= s3= 7.1328 kJ/kg K
t4= tsaturatie (p4) = t(0.055 bar)=34.6 C
s4 = s(34.6C) + x (s(34.6)-s(34.6)) rezulta (s si s se citesc din tabele
pentru saturatie la p4=0.055 bar)
x

s 4 s ' 7.1328 0.4995 6.4822

0.8437 (x- titlu)

s ' ' s '
8.3613 0.4995
7.919

h4= h + x (h-h) = 144.91+ 0.8437 (2564.2-144.91)= 2186.06 kJ/kg (h si h

se citesc din tabele pentru saturatie la p4=0.055 bar)
v4= v + x (v-v) = 0.0010038+ 0.8437 (25.772-0.0010038)= 21.74339 m3/kg
(v si v se citesc din tabele pentru saturatie la p4=0.055 bar)
Punctul 5:
p5=p4= 0.055 bar
t5= t4 = 34.6 C
x=0 (apa la saturatie)
h5=h(0.055 bar)=144.91 kJ/kg
s5=s (0.055 bar) = 0.4995 kJ/kgK
v5=v(0.055 bar) = 0.0010038 m3/kg
Punctul 5:
p5=pd= 8 bar
s5= s5 = 0.4995 kJ/kgK
l PA

p5' p5 (8 0.055) 10 5

794.5 J/kg = 0.794 J/kg

5
10 3

h5= h5+lPA = 144.91+0.794 = 145.704 kJ/kg

h5= cp t5
t5 = h5/cp= 145.704 / 4.18= 34.85 C
Punctul 6:
p6= 8 bar
tsaturatie (8 bar) = 170.42 C
tpreincalzire = t saturatie (8 bar)- t5= 170.42-34.85 = 135.57 C
tpreincalzitor supraftata = tpreincalzire/2 = 135.57 /2 = 67.785 C
t6= t5+ tpreincalzitor supraftata = 34.85 + 67.785 = 102.635 C

h6= cpt= 4.18 * 102.635 = 429.01 kJ/kg

Punctul 7:
p7=p6 = 8 bar;
t7 = t6+ tpreincalzire/2 = 102.635 + 67.785= 170.42
h7= h(8 bar)= 720.9 kJ/kg
s7 = s(8 bar) = 2.0457 kJ/kg K
v7 = v(8 bar) = 0.0011150 m3/kg
x7=0
Punctul 7:
p7= p1 = 170 bar
s7 = s7 = 2.0457 kJ/kg K
l PA

p 7' p 7 (170 8) 10 5

16200 J/kg = 16.2 kJ/kg

7
10 3

h7 = h7+ lPA = 720.9 + 16.2 = 737.1 kJ/kg

t7 = h7/cp = 737.1/4.18 = 176.34 C
Punctul 8:
p8=p7 = 170 bar
Pe partea de abur in PIP:
t2 = tsaturatie (p2)=t saturatie (45 bar) = 257.41 C (temperatura la care aburul
condenseaza in PIP)
t8 = t2 (20..25) = 257.41 (20..25)= 237.41 ...232.41 C
t8 = 235 C
Din tabele de proprietati termodinamice ale apei:
h8=993.4 + (1039.5-993.4) * (240-235)/ (240-230)= 1016.45 kJ/kg
s8=2.5849+ (2.6756-2.5849) * (240-235)/ (240-230)=2.63025 kJ/kgK
v8=0.0011912+(0.0012101-0.0011912) * (240-235)/ (240-230)= 0.00120065 m3/kg
Punctul 2: (apa la saturatie)
t2= 257.41 C
p2 =p2 =45 bar
v2 = v(45 bar)=0.0012691 m3/kg
h2= h(45 bar) = 1122.2 kJ/kg
s2=s(45 bar) = 2.8614 kJ/kgK
Punctul 9:

p9= pd+ 2..3 bar= 8 + 2..3 bar = 10.. 13 bar

p9 = 10 bar
s9 = s3 = 7.1328 kJ/kgK (destindere adiabatica pana in punctul 9 in CJP)
Stiind p9 si s9 deducem din tabelul abur supraincalzit temperatura t9:
t(10 bar, 7.1328 kJ/kgK) = 300 C = t9 (abur supraincalzit)
v9= 0.258 m3/kg
h9= 3051.3 kJ/kg
Punctul 10:
Pentru PJP:
t condensare abur = t6 + 15..20 C = 102.635 + 15..20 =117. 635 .. 122.635 C
t condensare abur = 120.23 C
p saturatie (120.23 C) = 2 bar
s10 = s3 = 7.1328 kJ/kgK
t(2 bar, 1.5276 kJ/kgK) = 120 C
t(2 bar, 7.1803 kJ/kgK) = 130 C
t10 = t(2 bar, 7.1328 kJ/kgK) = 121.3 C
v10 = 0.8884 m3/kg
h10 = 2709 kJ/kg
Punctul 10:
p10 = p10 = 2 bar
t10 = t saturatie (2 bar) = 120.23 C
h10 = 504.7 kJ/kg
s10 = 1.5301 kJ/kgK
v10 = 0.0010608 m3/kg
3. Debitele de abur extrase la prize
Bilantul de energie pentru PIP:
1* h7 + a1* h2 = 1* h8 + a1* h2 rezulta a1
a1

1 * (h8 h7' ) 1 * (1016.45 737.1)

0.1474
h 2 h 2'
3016.73 1122 .2

Bilantul de energie pentru PJP:

(1-a1-a2)* h5 + a3* h10 = (1-a1-a2)* h6 + a3* h10

a3* (h10-h10) = (1-a1-a2)* (h6-h5)
a3 = (1-a1-a2)*(h6-h5) / (h10-h10)
Bilantul de energie pentru Degazor:
(1-a1-a2) * h6 + a2*h9 + a1*h2= 1*h7
a2*(h9-h6)=1*h7+ a1*(h6-h2)-1* h6
1 * h7 a1 * (h6 h2' ) 1 * h6 1 * 720.9 0.1474 * (429.01 1122 .2) 1 * 429.01
a2

0.07234
h9 h 6
3051.3 429.01
a3=(1-0.1474-0.0723)*(429.01-145.704) / (2709-504.7) = 0.10028
4. Puterea turbinei:
( h1 h 2) (1 a1) m
( h3 h9) (1 a1 a 2) m
( h9 h10)
Pt 1 m

( h10 h 4) 116 .667 [(3399.1 3016.732) (1 0.1474) (3519.95 3051.3)

(1 a1 a 2 a3) m
(1 0.1474 0.07234) (3051.3 2709) (1 0.1474 0.07234 0.10028) ( 2709 2186.06)]

=116.667*[382.368+399.5709+267.083+355.588]= 163 871.623 kW = 163.871 MW

Puterea necesara actionarii pompelor:
Pompa de condensat PC:
PPC = (1-a1-a2)*m* (h5-h5) = (1-0.1474 0.07234) * 166.667 *( 145.704 144.91)
= 103.2546 kW = 0.103 MW
Pompa de alimentare PA:
PPA = 1* m *(h7-h7) = 166.667 *(737.1 720.9)= 2700 kW = 2.7 MW
5. Randamentul termodinamic:

Lturbina
Lturbina
163.871 1000
163871

0.41265
(h1 h8) 166.667 (3399.1 1016.45) 397109.12
Qgenerator m