B GIO DC V O TO

HC VIN CNG NGH BU CHNH VIN THNG

KHOA: IN T - VIN THNG

TI: NGHIN CU CU TRC DI CHN IN T

TRONG THIT K ANTEN BOW - TIE

Ging vin hng dn: Dng Th Thanh T

Sinh vin
: Kiu Cng Qung
L Th Thy
Nguyn Th Ngc

H Ni, 12/2012
1

MC LC
LI CM N. ........................................................................................... 3
MC LC HNH V. ............................................................................... 4
MC LC BNG. .................................................................................... 6
LI NI U. .......................................................................................... 7
CHNG 1: GII THIU V CU TRC DI CHN IN T EBG
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4

CU TRC EBG......................................................................................... 8
CC C TNH C BN CA CU TRC EBG................................12
PHNG PHP PHN TCH CU TRC EBG.................................26
NG DNG CU TRC EBG TRONG K THUT ANTEN...............29

CHNG 2: ANTEN BNG SIU RNG UWB

2.1. GII THIU V CNG NGH BNG SIU RNG UWB. ............ 32
2.2. CC C TNH CA ANTEN UWB........ 35
2.3. CC KIU ANTEN BOW-TIE TRONG UWB.......... 37

CHNG 3: THIT K ANTEN BOW-TIE TRN CU TRC EBG

3.1. GII THIU......... 44
3.2. CU TRC ANTEN............ 45
3.3. KT QU O V NH GI.......... 47

TNG KT V XU HNG 51
TI LIU THAM KHO . 52

LI CM N
Trc tin chng em xin gi li cm n ti ban lnh o
gim c Hc Vin Cng Ngh Bu Chnh Vin Thng cng
nh cc thy c gio trong khoa Vin thng to iu kin cho
chng em nghin cu khoa hc nng cao kin thc chuyn
ngnh cng nh rn luyn thm cc k nng cho sinh vin.
c bit chng em xin gi li cm n ti ging vin
hng dn Dng Th Thanh T tn tnh hng dn, trc tip
ch bo chng em trong sut qu trnh lm nghin cu. Chng
em khng ngng tip thu thm nhiu kin thc b ch m cn
hc tp tinh thn lm vic, thi nghin cu khoa hc nghim
tc hiu qu, y l iu rt cn thit cho chng em trong qu
trnh hc tp v cng tc sau ny.
Cui cng, trong qu trnh thc hin nghin cu, x l s
liu v vit lun vi vn kin thc cn hn ch bi bo co ca
chng em khng trnh khi thiu xt, hn ch. Chng em xin
tip nhn mi s ch bo ca hi ng v thy c gio trong
Khoa Vin thng 1, s gp ca cc bn bi bo co hon
thin hn.
Mi s kin ng gp xin gi v a ch email :
kieucongquang@gmail.com
Chng em xin chn thnh cm n !

MC LC HNH V
Hnh 1.1 Cu trc EBG
Hnh 1.2 B mt EBG 2 chiu
Hnh 1.3 ng pht EBG 1 chiu
Hnh 1.4 Dng hnh hc ca cu trc EBG hnh nm
Hnh 1.5 M hnh LC cho cu trc EBG hnh nm
Hnh 1.6 M hnh ng truyn dn cho sng b mt
Hnh 1.7 M hnh ng truyn dn cho sng ti l sng phng
Hnh 1.8 M hnh cu trc EBG cho tnh cht pha phn x.
Hnh 1.9 M phng pha phn x ca cu trc EBG hnh nm
vi sng ti thng thng. Pha 0o t c tn s 5,74GHz.
Hnh 1.10 M t pha phn x ca cu trc EBG mushroom-like
cho sng ti TE vi cc gc ti khc nhau.
Hnh 1.11 FDTD m t pha phn x ca cu trc EBG hnh nm
cho sng ti TM vi cc gc ti khc nhau.
Hnh 1.13 FDTD m t pha phn x TM ca EBG trn mt
phng tn s kx
Hnh 1.14: M hnh mch LC cho phn tch cu trc EBG
Hnh 1.15: Phng php ng truyn dn tun hon
Hnh 1.16: Phng php FDTD cho phn tch cu trc EBG
Hnh 1.17: Thit k anten c tng ch cao s dng cu trc
EBG ba chiu dng g xp (IEEE, 2005)
Hnh 2.1 p ng ca mt anten bi xung thi gian cc ngn
theo hiu ng chung.
Hnh 2.2 : Anten sng gp
Hnh 2.3: Mt vi kiu anten bowtie bng rng
Hnh 3.1: Cu trc anten
Hnh 3.2: Cu trc hnh hc ca mt phn x EBG
Hnh 3.3: Pha phn x trn mt phn x EBG
4

Hnh 3.4: H s phn x S11 theo tn s

Hnh 3.5: Mu bc x trn mt phng xz (ng phn cc)
Hnh 3.6: Mu bc x trn mt phng yz (co-polarization)
Hnh 3.7: S phn phi dng trn mt phn x EBG
Hnh 3.8: li thc t thu c trn hng z theo p ng tn
s

MC LC BNG
Bng 1.1 : So snh mt phng PEC v EBG trong thit k anten
dy
Bng 1.2: So snh mt phng PEC v EBG trong thit k anten
dy
Bng 2.1: Yu cu ca anten cho thit b di ng bng thng
siu rng
Bng 2.2: Cc yu cu chung i vi anten
Bng 3.1: Cc tham s cu trc

LI M U
Nhng thit k anten t c nhiu thnh tu trong vi
thp nin qua. Rt nhiu cng ngh mi c trin khai trong nhng
anten hin i v mt khm ph quan trng l tm ra cu trc di
chn in t (EBG). ng dng ca n l ti quan trng m cc
k s, cc nh khoa hc trn th gii cng nh Vit Nam quan tm.
Ngy nay, vi my tnh c nhn v cng ngh s hay cc phn mm
thng mi pht trin,nhng nghin cu v anten c th khai thc
hn hp vt liu in t vo nhng thit k anten, kt qu cho ra rt
nhiu cu trc anten mi, c hiu nng.
Cu trc EBG c nhng c tnh m vt liu t nhin khng
c sn, do vy cu trc EBG c xem nh l mt tp siu vt liu
(metamaterials). Nhng hot ng nghin cu khc nhau v cu trc
ny cng tng ln trong lnh vc in t v anten. N c th gii
quyt mt s thch thc quan trng ca anten trong truyn thng v
tuyn nh: Chn sng b mt trong anten mt t, thit k c
anten hiu sut v nh gn, tng h s khuch i G ca anten.
ti ny trnh by r v cu trc EBG, cc c tnh cng nh cc
ng dng ca n.
Bng vic kt hp cu trc di chn in t EBG trn anten
bow-tie,ta thu li c mt thit k anten nhiu u im nh chn
c sng b mt, h s tng ch cao, hiu sut

CHNG 1: VT LIU CU TRC DI CHN IN T EBG

Vt liu cu trc di chn in t EBG ngy cng thu ht c
nhiu s ch v nhng c tnh c bit ca n cng nh tnh ng
dng cao trong thc t. Mt trong s nhng hng ng dng cu
trc di chn in t l dng trong thit k anten trit tiu sng
mt v nng cao tng ch ca anten. Phn ny s gii thiu v
khi nim, cu trc, cc c tnh c bn v phng php phn tch
cu trc EBG.
1.1. Cu trc EBG.
Vt liu cu trc di chn in t hay Cu trc vt liu vi di
in t hay cu tr khe h bng tn in t c nh ngha l:
nhng cu trc tun hon nhn to m c c tnh ngn cn hoc
cho php s lan truyn ca sng in t trong mt di bng tn xc
nh ng vi mi gc ti v mi trng thi phn cc ca sng.
C th nhn ra cu trc EBG qua s sp xp mt cch tun
hon nhng vt liu in mi v kim loi. Da vo cu trc hnh
hc ta c th chia EBG ra lm 3 loi:

Hnh 1.1 Cu trc EBG

(a) cu trc in mi dng g xp v (b) mng kim loi 3 chn a
tng
Cu trc hnh khi 3 chiu (hnh 1.1): Tp trung vo s
ngn cn ca qu trnh truyn lan sng in t. Sng in
t c th l sng phng vi gc ti v phn cc c bit hay
cng c th l sng b mt bao ph mt t. Phn ln cu
trc ba chiu ging nh mng tun hon ca nhng thanh
in mi.
Cu trc phng 2 chiu (Hnh 1.2)

Hnh 1.2 B mt EBG 2 chiu:

(a) b mt dng nm v (b) b mt phng n.
Cu trc ng truyn 1 chiu (hnh 1.3)
Cu trc EBG phng hai chiu th hin mt vi c tnh in
t th v khi tng tc vi sng ti:
Nu sng ti l sng mt (kx2+ ky2 <= k02, kz thun o), cu
trc EBG s cho mt di tn s m trong sng b mt
khng th lan truyn vi mi gc ti v trng thi phn cc
(hnh 1.4a)
Nu sng ti l sng phng (kx2+ ky2 <= k02, kz c gi tr
thc thc) th pha phn x sng in t trn EBG s thay
i theo tn s. C mt tn s m pha phn x bng 00, y
l c tnh ca cht dn t l tng m khng tn ti trong
t nhin (hnh 1.4 b).

10

Trong : kx, ky l h s sng theo hai trc trn mt phng nm

ngang, kz l h s sng theo phng thng ng v k0 l h s sng
khng gian t do.

Hnh 1.3 ng pht EBG 1 chiu:

(a) mt ng dy bng nh vi nhng ng tun hon trn mt t
v (b) ng pht tay tri tay phi kt hp.

11

1.2. Cc c tnh c bn ca cu trc EBG.

Cu trc EBG mi v a dng ngy cng th hin nhng c
tnh ca n m vt liu t nhin khng sn c. Phn ny tp trung
vo lm sng t nhng c tnh th v ca cu trc EBG.
1.2.1.M hnh mch cng hng cho cu trc EBG.
Cu trc EBG gm 4 phn (hnh 1.4): Mt mt phng tip t
kim loi, mt cch in, cc ming kim loi tun hon t trn
nh v tm ni thng ng ni t cc ming kim loi. Dng
hnh hc ca EBG tng t nh hnh dng mt cy nm.

Hnh 1.4: Dng hnh hc ca cu trc EBG hnh nm

12

Cc tham s cu trc ca EBG c m t nh hnh 1.5 (a). Trong

:

W: rng ming kim loi

g : rng khe h
h : dy ca cht nn in mi
r : hng s in mi
r : bn knh ming tip t

Hnh 1.5: M hnh LC cho cu trc EBG hnh nm:

(a) Cc tham s EBG v (b) m hnh LC
Khi (W + g) nh, c th so snh c vi bc sng hot
ng th c ch hot ng ca cu trc EBG c gii thch bng
vic s dng m hnh phn t LC tp trung (hnh 1.5b).
Ta c :
vi

j L
.
1 2 LC

1
.
LC

(1.1)
(1.2)

Ti tn s thp, tr khng tng ng vi sng b mt TM.

N c th tr thnh t tn s cao v tng ng vi sng TE.
Gn tn s cng hng, tr khng s cao v cu trc EBG khng
chp nhn bt k sng b mt no, dn n khe h bng tn. Tr
khng b mt cao th sng phng s b phn x vi pha o li, iu
ny xy ra nh cht dn in l tng perfect electric conductor
(PEC).

13

Gi tr ca t to bi nhng tm kim loi ng phng vi

nhau. in dung ngoi l ca khe hp l:
C

W 0 1 r

W g
cosh 1
.
g

(1.3)

T trng c tnh ton da trn nh lut Ampe. in

cm tng ng c tnh ton bi nng lng t trng d tr
v dng in kch thch.
L h.

(1.4)

Thay L v C 1.3 v 1.4 vo 1.1 v 1.2 ta tnh c tr

khng b mt v tn s cng hng.
1.2.2. M hnh ng truyn dn cho sng b mt
Mt phng php khc c s dng phn tch cu trc
EBG l s dng phng php ng truyn dn theo chu k (hnh
1.6). Tr khng c tnh da trn l thuyt ng truyn dn.
Gia 2 nt ca cu trc tun hon c 2 phn b Zp v X.c

Hnh 1.6 M hnh ng truyn dn cho sng b mt

2h

2r
L 2 107 h ln 0.5 0.75 .
h
r

(1.5)
14

Zp cng hng c tnh bi cng thc:

Z p Z0

Z1 jZ 0 tan u l
,
Z 0 jZ 0 tan u l

(1.6)

Zp l tr khng c trng v u l h s pha ca ng truyn

dn.
H s pha cho cu trc tun hon khng tn hao hu hn:
cos a cos u a j

Z
sin u a .
2Z 0

(1.7)

Ch Z l gi tr o trong b cng hng tn hao. Ti cc tn

s khc nhau, h s lan truyn tng ng c tnh ton theo cng
thc 1.7 v v c hnh phn tn.
Cng thc ny dng phn tch cu trc EBG hnh nm v
cu trc EBG phng n cc. Tuy nhin vn ca phng php
ny l xc nh gi tr Zp v Xc tng ng vi nhng cu trc EBG
thng thng vi cu trc hnh hc bt k. Hn na, phng php
ny ch dng d phn tch sng b mt lan truyn theo phng
ngang, ch khng ng dng c cho sng ti l sng phng.
1.2.3. M hnh ng truyn dn cho sng phng

15

Hnh 1.7: M hnh ng truyn dn cho sng ti l sng phng

tnh pha phn x ca sng ti l sng phng vi gc ti
v hng phn cc bt k, ta khai trin cu trc EBG ra thnh b
mt chn lc tn s hay cc tm c s dng nh phng tin
ngn cch gia b mt chn lc tn s v mt phng t.
Tr khng b mt cu trc EBG Zs c chia thnh 2 phn:
Zd (tr khng li b mt chn lc tn s) v Zg (tr khng tm).
Khi :
Zs

Z g Zd
Z g Zd

(1.8)

H s phn x c tnh nh sau:

TE

Z s cos 0
Z 0 cos
, TM s
,
Z s cos 0
Z s 0 cos

(1.9)

Khi 0 l tr khng sng trong khng gian t do v l gc

ti. Tn s cng hng khi pha phn x l 0 tha mn:
X g 0 X d 0 0,

(1.10)

Vi Xg = Im(Zg), Xd = Im(Zd).
Trong trng hp c bit (kdh<< 1), c tr khng TE v TM
tng ng vi:
Z dTE ,TM j0 h.

(1.11)

Khi khng c on ni thng ng, tr khng TE khng thay

i nhng tr khng TM ph thuc vo gc ti:
Z dTM j0 hcos2 .

(1.12)

16

Tr khng li Zg ca FSS ph thuc vo mi cu trc hnh

hc ring c s dng trong thit k. Vi mt mng ca ming
kim loi, n c tnh ton nh sau:
Z gTE ,

Z g , 0

, Z gTM , Z g , 0

cos
1 r log 2a .
1
Z g , 0
, Cg

jCg

g
2

(1.13)

1.2.4.Pha phn x
H s phn x l mt tham s ph bin m t cc c tnh
phn x. N xc nh t s ca trng phn x vi trng ti qua
mt phng phn x. N l mt s phc vi ln v pha tng
ng. Khi mt phng tip t tn ti trong mt cu trc tn hao c
phn tch th ln lun lun l 1 v mi nng lng u c
phn x li. Trong trng hp ny, pha phn x c ch c
bit. Trn thc t, pha phn x c s dng trong nhiu thit k
anten v cc thit b vi ba, nh cc thit b phn cc v cc phn t
phn x. H s phn x tng ng bng 1 v pha phn x tng
ng = 0o trong trng hp PMC. Tuy nhin b mt PMC khng tn
ti trong t nhin.
Vi PEC, trng E tip tuyn tng phi bng 0 mi tha
mn iu kin bin. Do trng E phn x v trng E ti cn
phi ngc nhau. H s pha = 1800 trong trng hp PEC. Vi
PMC (perfect magnetic conductor), trng H tip tuyn tng phi
bng 0, do , trng H phn x v trng H ti cng phi ngc
du nhau trong khi trng E phn x v trng E ti cng du. H
s phn x tng ng bng 1 v pha phn x tng ng bng 0

17

trong trng hp PMC. Tuy nhin PMC li khng sn c trong t

nhin.
Nghin cu v EBG cn s dng iu kin PMC trong mt
bng tn no . Do chng thch hp hn AMC (artificial
magnetic conductors).
Pha phn x ca cu trc EBG l 1 hm ca tn s. N bin
i t 180o n -180o khi tn s tng. Pha phn x ny lm cho b
mt EBG l duy nht v khi u cho nhiu thit k anten dy low
profile trn b mt EBG.
Pha phn x EBG: sng ti thng thng

18

Hnh 1.8 M hnh cu trc EBG cho tnh cht pha phn x.
Hnh 1.8 biu din m hnh mt n v cho tnh ton pha
phn x vi sng ti thng thng. Mt n v n ca cu trc
EBG vi iu kin bin tun hon (PBC) trn 4 mt l m phng
m hnh cu trc tun hon hu hn. Lp hp l tng (perfectly
matched layers PLM) c t vo 0.55 trn EBG hp th
nng lng phn x. Cng thc trng tng/trng phn tn c
s dng hp sng phng thnh min tnh ton. Sng phng ti
thng thng bt u trn b mt kt ni o c t 0.4lama trn
EBG gia b mt. Mt phng quan st c t trn vng trng
phn tn ghi trng phn x t b mt EBG, v chiu cao ca
mt phng quan st l 0.5 .
Mt phng quan st thng c thit lp t b mt EBG.
Nguyn nhn l s tn ti ca cc hi bc cao gn b mt EBG. Khi
mt phng quan st c t gn b mt EBG th kt qu lun b
nh hng ca cc mode bc cao. Nhng hi bc cao ny c mt s
sng ln theo phng tun hon v s sng tng ng trn phng
ngang lun l o. Kt qu l mnh trng ca cc mode sng
bc cao suy gim theo phng ngang. Khi mt phng quan st
c thit lp t b mt EBG th nh hng s l nh nht.
Vi nhng v tr khc nhau ca mt phng quan st v b mt
EBG phn x th cu hi c t ra l lm th no khi phc
pha phn x chnh xc trn b mt EBG. gii quyt vn ny,
ta s dng b mt PEC. Trng phn tn t mt b mt PEC c
tnh ton da trn phng php FDTD. Cn ch rng, b mt
PEC c t cao ging nh b mt nh EBG trong khi mt

19

phng quan st vn vy.Pha phn x t cu trc EBG c chun

ha t pha phn x t b mt PEC:
EBG PEC

(1.24)

(1.14)

V th, pha lan truyn t khong cch gia b mt phn x v

mt phng quan st trit tiu ln nhau. H s c thm vo pha
tnh s tham chiu ca b mt PEC bit n c pha phn x
radian. Cc tnh cht pha phn x thu c t cc bc trn cho
php phng php tng t c p dng trong o c.
Cu trc EBG cng phn tch s phn x sng phng. Hnh
1.9 biu din FDTD tnh ng cong pha phn x. Quan st thy
pha phn x ca b mt EBG gim lin tc t 180o n -180o khi
tn s tng. Ti vng tn s thp v tn s cao, b mt EBG cho
pha ging nh PEC. Ti tn s 5.74GHz, b mt EBG biu din
pha phn x tin gn n 0o, tng t b mt PMC. Thm v
nhng pha phn x khc cng c th c thc hin bi b mt
EBG. V d 90o pha phn x t c quanh tn s 4,82 GHz.

20

Hnh 1.9 M phng pha phn x ca cu trc EBG hnh nm vi

sng ti thng thng. Pha 0o t c tn s 5,74GHz.
Pha phn x EBG: sng ti xin gc
Pha phn x ca cu trc EBG bin i theo gc ti v trng
thi phn cc. Ta xt c 2 trng thi phn cc TE v TM, vi c 2
phng php FDTD split-field v phng php FDTD hng s kx.
Sng ti TE, in trng c t theo phng y v sng
phng ti theo phng xz. Gc ti l gc gi vecto truyn sng v
trc z, thay i trong phm vi t 0 n 90 o. Min EBG tng t
nh trc v hnh 1.10 so snh kt qu vi cc gc ti 0 0, 300, 600.
Khi gc ti tng, tn s cng hng tng t 5,74GHz n 5,89GHz
vi gc ti 300 v 6,23GHz vi gc ti 60o. Cng phi ch rng
sn gn cng hng cng dc hn khi gc ti tng.

21

Hnh 1.10 M t pha phn x ca cu trc EBG mushroom-like cho

sng ti TE vi cc gc ti khc nhau.
Vi sng ti TM, t trng c t theo phng y v sng
phng ti theo mt phng xz. Hnh 1.11 biu din FDTD m t kt
qu vi gc ti 00, 300, 600. Ta thu c ng cong pha phn x.
Tn s cng hng thp hn tn s ban u v nhng tn s khc
th cao hn. Khi gc ti tng, tn s cng hng thp hn gim t
4,8GHZ (30o) n 4,56GHz(60o) trong khi tn s cng hng cao
tng t 6,34GHz( 30o) n 7,28GHz(60o). Phn cch tn s gia 2
tn s cng hng tng khi gc ti tng.

22

TM v TE cho kt qu khc nhau khi tn ti thanh ni dc t

ti trung tm ming kim loi ca EBG. Vi sng ti TE, in
trng vung gc vi thanh ni. Do vy, iu kin bin khng i
v thanh ni trung tm khng nh hng dn sng TE. Pha phn x
ch c xc nh bi dng cm trn ming kim loi.
Vi sng ti TM, trng E c mt thnh phn dc song song
vi thanh ni. Cng dng thay i vi gc ti. Pha phn x
c xc nh bi dng trn ming kim loi ln dng trn thanh
ni.

Hnh 1.11 FDTD m t pha phn x ca cu trc EBG hnh nm

cho sng ti TM vi cc gc ti khc nhau.

23

Pha phn x ca sng ti xin cng c ch ra trn mt

phng tn s kx. S dung hng s kx cho iu kin bin tun hon,
m phng FDTD cho 101 gi tr kx khc nhau t 0 n 251,3
radian/m. Pha phn x cng c tnh ti mi tn s v k x. Kt qu
vi sng TE c v trn hnh 1.12 v ca TM trn hnh 1.13.

Hnh 1.12 FDTD m t pha phn x TE ca EBG trn mt phng

tn s kx

24

Hnh 1.13 FDTD m t pha phn x TM ca EBG trn mt phng

tn s kx
Cn ch l chng ta ch quan tm n vng sng phng,
vi:
k0 2 f / C kx .

(1.15)

Vi sng ti TE,kx tng, tn s cng hng tng khng ng

k.Thm vo , vng quanh 0o li tr nn hp hn.Vi sng ti
TM,quan st c hin tng nhnh(bifurcation phenomenon).
iu ny tng ng vi cng hng kp trong hnh 1.21

25

1.3. Phng php phn tch cu trc EBG.

C 3 phng php chnh phn tch cu trc EBG. l :
M hnh phn t tp trung.
Phng php ng truyn dn tun hon
Phng php s ha sng y .
Phng php m hnh phn t tp trung: l phng php n gin
nht, miu t cu trc EBG nh mt mch cng hng LC. Gi tr L
v C c xc nh bi cu trc hnh hc ca EBG v ng thi
cng hng ca n c s dng gii thch nhng c th ca
cu trc EBG. M hnh ny d hiu nhng kt qu chnh xc khng
cao bi s xp x n gin ca L v C.

Hnh 1.14: M hnh mch LC cho phn tch cu trc EBG

Phng php ng truyn dn tun hon: l mt phng php
ph bin c dng phn tch cu trc EBG.

26

Hnh 1.15: Phng php ng truyn dn tun hon

Trong :
Zp l tr khng ca phn t tun hon.
Xc l dung khng ca t in kp.
p dng iu kin bin tun hon, sau khi phn tch ng
pht ni tng, ng cong phn tn s cung cp nhiu thng tin hn
phng phn t tp trung nh mt sng b mt, mt sng r, min
lch tri lch phi, khe h bng tn. Tuy nhin kh khn ca
phng php ny l lm th no xc nh chnh xc gi tr Zp v
X cho cu trc EBG. Mt s cng thc thc nghim c a ra
cho mt s cu trc hnh hc n gin s dng cho m hnh ng
pht, tuy nhin kt qu gii hn, ch tm ra cho mt s cu trc n
gin thng thng.

27

Hnh 1.16: Phng php FDTD cho phn tch cu trc EBG
Phng php s ha sng y : y l phng php s dng s
phn tch min tn s nh : MoM (the method of moment), FEM
(finite element method) hay phn tch min thi gian nh phng
php sai khc hu hn min thi gian- FDTD (the finite difference
time domain) phn tch cu trc EBG.
Mt u im ca phng php s ha sng y l s linh hot v
chnh xc khi phn tch cc cu trc hnh hc EBG khc nhau.
Ngoi ra, n cn c u im l c kh nng suy dn ra cc c tnh
28

khc ca EBG nh: tr khng b mt, pha phn x, ng cong

phn tn, khe h bng tn.
1.4. ng dng EBG trong k thut anten.
1.4.1.Ngn chn sng b mt
Truyn lan sng in t trc tip bng sng mt t thay v sng
v tuyn trong khng gian t do lm gim hiu sut anten v h s
khuch i ca n. S nhiu x ca sng b mt tng s bc x ca
nhng bp sau, iu ny c th lm gim t s tn hiu ca cc h
thng truyn thng khng dy nh cc thit b thu GPS. Sng b
mt cng lm tng mc ghp ni tng h trong cc thit b
mng, gc qut nhn khng r trong h thng mng pha.
Cu trc EBG c ng dng ngn chn sng b mt trong
cc thit k anten.V d cu trc EBG c lp xung quanh anten
khng dy bng nh tng h s khuch i v gim bp sau hay
EBG c s dng thay th cc vng bm gi phn t bc
sng trong cc thit k anten GPS. Rt nhiu anten mng cng tch
hp cc cu trc EBG gim mc ghp ni tng h.
1.4.2

anten cho nhng thit k anten khng dy, kch

thc nh, hiu sut.

Mt ng dng khc ca EBG l thit k ra mt anten khng dy,

kch thc nh, hiu sut cao, l yu cu ca cc h thng truyn
thng khng dy hin i. Bng 1.2 so snh hai vt liu EBG v
PEC trong thit k anten dy. Khi dng in thng (vertical) ng
ti mt phng PEC, th dng bn sao ca n c phng v tng
cng bc x tng t vi dng gc. Do anten ny c hiu sut
bc x cao nhng phi chu mt kch thc anten ln tng ng, v

29

s phn b thng ng ca dng. B mt EBG c th cung cp

dng o vi trong phm vi bng tn no vi hiu sut bc x cao.
Bng 1.2: So snh mt phng PEC v EBG trong thit k anten dy

Nhng anten dy khc nhau c th c thit k trn mt phng

EBG nh: anten lng cc, anten n cc, anten xon c. Cc b
mt EBG cng c th c ti u c kh nng thc thi cao hn
nh cc thit k bng rng v a bng.
1.4.3

B mt pht/phn x cho anten h s tng ch cao.

Cu trc EBG c thit k cho anten c h s tng ch

khong 20dBi. Thng thng anten parabol hoc mng anten ln
mi c h s tng ch cao. Tuy nhin b mt cong ca anten parabol
kh thch hp vi dn di ng trong khi mng anten lp lun b mt
mng cung cp. B mt EBG phng c th gii quyt vn ny. V
d hnh 1.17 s dng anten cng hng h s tng ch cao. Sau khi
ti u ha cu trc EBG 3 chiu dng g xp ta c th to ra mt
anten c tng ch 19dBi.
30

Mt ng dng khc ca cu trc EBG l thit k anten

holographic da trn khi nim ton nh quang hc. Pha ca mi
cell EBG ring l c iu chnh lm gim chm h s tng ch
cao eo hp theo phng c bit. S dng cc diod in dung
cu hnh li cc c tnh b mt. H thng li chm tia in cng
c thc hin.

Hnh 1.17: Thit k anten c tng ch cao s dng cu trc EBG

ba chiu dng g xp (IEEE, 2005)
Bn cnh cc ng dng anten, cu trc EBG cng c ng
dng nhiu trong cc thit k mch sng vi ba. V d nh cc thit
k b lc sng ngn loi b thnh cng cc hi bc cao trong mch.

31

CHNG 2: ANTEN BNG SIU RNG UWB

2.1. Gii thiu v cng ngh v tuyn bng siu rng UWB.
Cng ngh bng thng siu rng UWB (Ultra-WideBand)
ang c xem nh mt cng ngh khng dy ca tng lai vi
u im ni tri cho php truyn tc d liu cao cng nh
gim thiu c tc ng ca hin tng a ng so vi cc
cng ngh xut hin trc n. UWB hot ng di tn khng
cn ng k t 3,1GHz - 10,6GHz. UWB c s dng trong
cc h thng v tuyn trong nh tc cao, cc h thng khng
dy i hi tiu tn nng lng cc t, mng v tuyn c nhn
(WPAN - Wireless Personal Area Network), mng v tuyn ni
ht (WLAN) c nh, h thng Rada d tm, nh v trong qun
s
UWB cho php truyn v thu nhn cc xung dng c bn
c nn trong min thi gian khc vi vic truyn v thu nhn
cc sng hnh sin lin tc c nn trong min tn s nh trong
cc h thng thu pht truyn thng. iu lm cho cng ngh
UWB v cn bn khc so vi cc cng ngh khng dy bng
hp v tri ph tng ng trc nh cng ngh Bluetooth
v 802.11a/b. UWB s dng mt bng cc rng ca ph tn s
truyn d liu. Do , UWB c kh nng truyn ti nhiu d
liu hn so vi cc cng ngh v tuyn truyn thng.
Cng ngh UWB ra i c tm nh hng quan trng, m
ra nhng c hi v thch thc mi cho cc nh sn xut anten.
im quan trng nht trong thit k anten UWB l vic anten
phi t c mt bng thng rng, trong khi vn phi duy tr
c hiu sut bc x cao trn ton bng. Mt anten UWB phi
c kh nng hot ng trn c di tn 3,1-10,6GHz. Mt thng
32

s quan trng khc ca UWB l tr nhm (group delay).

tr nhm c nh ngha l o hm ca pha gc tn hiu anten.
Nu pha l tuyn tnh trn ton b di tn th tr nhm l
hng s. y l c tnh quan trng th hin cht lng truyn
i mt xung UWB v mc b nh hng mo hay tn sc ca
xung . th bc x v hiu sut bc x cng l nhng c
tnh quan trng c xem xt khi thit k anten. th bc x
ng hng l mt tiu ch thit k mong mun, c th cho php
t v tr my thu v pht cc v tr khng c nh. Do i
vi vic thit k anten cho cng ngh bng thng siu rng phi
c nhng yu cu nht nh (bng 2.1). Nhn chung, cng ngh
bng thng siu rng ch yu hng ti cc thit b di ng,
cm tay iu ng ngha vi vic anten c thit k phi
c hnh dng, kch thc nh (anten vi di) cho php tch hp
vo trong cc thit b.

33

Bng 2.1. Yu cu ca anten cho thit b di ng bng thng

siu rng
Di tn s hot
ng

3.1GHz 10.6GHz

Hiu sut bc x

Cao > 70%

Pha

Gn tuyn tnh, tr nhm

khng i

th bc x

ng hng

rng bp sng
na cng sut

Rng > 600

Hnh dng

Nh, gn, ng phng

Thp
H s
nh hng & H
s tng ch
to anten vi di bng rng cn da vo nhng anten
bng rng c bn, sau tm cch thay i hnh dng v kch
thc da trn cc nguyn l to anten di rng. Anten vi di c
th cng hng nhiu tn s khc nhau, ty thuc vo hnh
dng ming bc x, v th c th c c mt anten bng rng
bng cch thay i sao cho cc tn s cng hng gn vi nhau.
Mc tiu ca chng ny l khm ph cu trc anten ph
hp s dng trong phm vi gn, h thng v tuyn in trong
mc UWB thp v trm thng tin lin lc c s ngoi tri.
34

Chng ny xem xt mt s anten UWB chnh (lng cc, bowtie v TEM horn) cng nh tho lun v hiu sut ca mt lp
nh anten ph hp cho cc h thng truyn thng chi ph thp.
Thc t, cu trc anten khc nhau c kim tra thng qua m
phng v kt qu o lng ca mt s nguyn mu c trnh
by. Tuy nhin, thc hin mt nh gi nghim ngt hiu qu
l thuyt ca cc loi anten th n nm ngoi phm vi ca ti
ny.
2.2. Cc c tnh ca anten UWB
Cc anten UWB hot ng nh mt b lc v l mt thnh
phn quan trng trong h thng v tuyn UWB. Cc hiu ng c
bn ca anten l chng to ra dn xut truyn hoc nhn dng
sng xung (Funk et al, 1995a). iu ny cng c tc dng m
rng thi gian ca xung truyn v nhn. Phn m rng ny ca
xung thi gian lm gim thi gian gii quyt ca h thng.
Anten c mt nh hng ln trong UWB hn trong cc h thng
band hp v bng thng ca mt tn hiu UWB rt ln. Trong
cng ngh ca anten, yu cu di tn s phi l 6:01 hoc cao
hn theo th t: 'siu rng' (Taylor, 1995) c ngha l tn s trn
phi ln hn t nht su ln tn s ca bng tn. Nh vy i vi
kh khn hin nay trn bng, cc vn v tuyn tnh, bc x
hiu qu v tr khng ph hp vi anten bng rng. Mt trong
nhng vn s pht sinh khi mt min thi gian cc ngn c
s dng kch thch cc anten, l hiu ng chung. Sau anten,
tn hiu khng c xung di nh th. Thay vo xung c lan
truyn trong min thi gian. Mt p ng anten in hnh c
trnh by trong hnh 2.1, hiu ng chung c m hnh ha
bng cch s dng mt chc nng Bessel n gin. trnh
chung, anten in tr vi gi tr Q thp nn c s dng, cc
35

in tr ti s gy ra cc thnh phn tn hiu khng mong mun

mt i mt cch nhanh chng, li mt xung rt gn vi hnh
dng mong mun. Bng thng anten cng c th c tng ln
bng cch lm cho gi tr Q nh, v bng thng l t l nghch
vi gi tr Q. Tuy nhin, gi tr Q thp ng rng hiu qu ca
mt anten in tr ni chung l kh km.
Gi tr Q so vi mt anten c cho bi :
Trong , fH, v fL l tn s trung tm trn di 3 dBg i
tr ca cc anten tng ng.

Hnh 2.1 p ng ca mt anten bi xung thi gian cc ngn

theo hiu ng chung.
Min tn s cng rt hu ch m t phn ng thong
qua ca anten v thi gian v min tn s c kt ni bi bin
i Fourier. Kh nng ca mt anten bo tn cc dng sng
36

ca xung cc hp c nghin cu trong min thi gian. Hai

trong s nhng c tnh quan trng nht trong min thi gian
ca mt anten l m thanh c trung thc v tnh i xng.
trung thc c nh ngha l tng quan cho ti a ca in
p v s c bnh thng ha cc lnh vc bnh thng ha in
trong khu vc xa (Montoya v Smith, 1996). Tnh i xng l
mt thc o ca s i xng ca cc dng sng trong khu vc
xa (Montoya v Smith, 1996). Nhiu phng php tip cn l
thuyt v thi gian min c tnh anten c th c tm thy
trong cc ti liu (Balanis, 1997; Montoya v Smith, 1996;
Shlivinsky et al, 1993; Allen et al, 1993; Lamensdorf v
Susman, 1994).
2.3. Cc kiu anten trong UWB
Ni dung phn ny m t cc loi anten ph hp cho hot
ng UWB trong phn 2.3.1 m t cc yu cu chung i vi
anten, phn 2.3.2 n 2.3.8 gii thiu v cc loi ng ten khc
nhau.
2.3.1. Yu cu chung
Phn ny nh gi phn ng ca anten cho cc trm c s v
trong nh di ng s dng vi xung thi gian ngn (c nano
giy) nn yu cu cu trc ng ten c bit so vi cc h thng
in hnh bng hp. Mt anten bng rng l tng hot ng
nh mt b lc cao, c ngha l dng sng xung khc bit khi
qua anten. Cc anten bng rng in hnh, chng hn nh cc
anten lng cc, thay i cc dng sng nhiu hn do c tnh
phn tn. Bng 2.2 di y a ra mt s mc tiu thng s k
thut anten cho cc trm c s v anten di ng. y khng phi

37

l nh ngha. Tuy nhin, n cung cp cho cc gi tr tham s

thch hp.
Bng 2.2: Cc yu cu chung i vi anten

2.3.1.1. Trm c s ng ten

Nh tho lun trong chng trc, sc mnh ca tn
hiu truyn UWB l v cng thp. Trong bi cnh ny, anten
trm c s c th c s dng cho cc mng d liu tc cao
hoc cc h thng tc d liu mc thp, bao gm c v tr v
h thng theo di. Cc anten trm gc c th c thit k s
dng trong nh hoc ngoi tri, ty thuc vo ng dng. S
dng ngoi tri cho php cc anten l tng i ln, vi kch
thc ca nhiu bc sng. Ngoi cc yu cu c nu trong
bng 2.2, anten phi hiu qu. iu ny c th hn ch vic s
dng cc cu trc in tr np. Anten trm c s c th l ch th
hoc a hng. Anten ch th c th c s dng trong cc lin
kt v tuyn in, trong khi anten a hng s thun li hn
trong cc ng dng in thoi di ng.
2.3.1.2. An ten di ng
Cc yu cu i vi cc anten di ng tm ngn UWB c
s khc nhau i cht t c s trm anten. Quan trng nht, cc
anten phi nh. Mong mun anten c chi ph thp v xy
dng tt trn mt bng mch in. Kch thc nh c ngha l ng
38

ten a hng. Hiu qu bc x l khng quan trng, tham s

nh anten trm gc, c th s dng in tr ti. Nu c th, thu
pht s c nhng vo trong cng mt bng mch nh anten.
2.3.2. TEM Horn
Sng TEM v cc bin th ca n l mt trong cc anten
c s dng ph bin nht trongcng dng UWB. Cu trc c
bn bao gm hai tm kim loi gim dn c ni bng ng
dy truyn ticch TEM hai dy. Cu trc ny c th c
xem xt nh l mt cong cungcbuc lng cc. TEM horn bo
tn cc dng sng xung rt tt v c mt hng scgiai on
trung tm (van Cappellen et al, 2000). Cc t b v chiu di
ca anten c thcc iu chnh thay i m hnh bc x,
tr khng ph hp ca cc anten (Shlager et al, 1996). TEM
horn khong tc5 n 15 dB, ph hp cho hot ng c s trm
ch th.
S phn tn khng gian gy ra bi cc dng sng khng
phng t TEMhorn c th c sa cha bng cch s dng cc
ng knh (Baum v Stone, 1993) hoc gng phn x (Foster,
nm 1993; Baum v Farr, 1993). Mt trong nhng anten l anten
bc x xung (IRA) (Baumv Farr, 1993) s c m t ti mc
2.3.4.
2.3.3. TEM Horn bin th
c bin i t anten TEM Horn. Tm vch ngn c th
c t bn trong cc sng ci thin tnh ng nht trng
(Buchenauer et al, 1999). Mt k thut m t bi (Yarovoy et al,
2000) l in vo sng vi vt liu in mi. Mt na ca
chic sng cng c th c thay th bi mt my bay mt t
ln nh vy m chic sng ging nh mt bow-tie n cc.
39

Trong trng hp ny, mt b cn bng bng thng rng khng

cn thit. y cng c th s dng ti in tr anten ngn
chn s phn x t sng cui (Shlager et al, 1996). tng
ng sau mt sng ridged v mt anten khe gim dn
(Yngvesson et al, 1989; Lewiset al, 1974) l tng t nh sng
TEM: TEM-hoc ch bn TEM c s dng nui anten.
Vi mt cu trc horn ridged, c mt sn dc bn trong sng
TEM. iu ny mang li s xut hin thng xuyn hn i vi
tn s tng i tiu chun TEM sng. Tuy nhin, cu trc kh
kh sn xut. Ngoi ra, cc anten xut hin khng c ti
u cho xung bc x (van Capellen, 1998). S phn cc a dng
anten bng Wicks v Antonik (1993) cng c th c coi l
mt bin th ca mt sng ridged. Tapered-khe cm anten c
th c xy dng bng cch s dng k thut in-board mch.
Vi anten nh vy, tuy nhin, n c th l kh khn t c
lin tc. Cc gim dn khe cm anten v cc bin th ca n
xut hin l ng c vin tt cho my tnh anten. Mt phng
php xy dng TEM-horn loi anten trn mch in hi ng
c m t bi Nguyen et al., (2001).
2.3.4 Anten bc x xung
Mt xung bc x anten (IRA) bao gm mt sng TEM gy
ra mt parabol phn x (Baum v Farr, 1993). Vi anten nh
vy, n c th c c cao v gn nh tng tn s c lp.
Nhng li ch c bo co l th t ca 25 dBi. Vic t c
ng ten c th c thc hin iu chnh (Farr et al, 1999) bng
cch di chuyn horn TEM ht tm im ca cc phn x
parabol. Tng cao lm cho anten mt ng c vin tt cho cc
phm vi rt di base-stationcc ng dng. Tng cao, beamwidth
40

hp v cc xung ngn c to ra bng cch ny anten lm cho

n c kh nng chng nhiu.
2.3.5. Anten sng gp
Mt anten horn gp UWB ng dng nng lng cao c
trnh by bi Kardo-Sysoevet al, (1999). tng ca anten
sng gp n t tiu sng lp vo.
Anten folded horn mt sng chnh. Nhng chic sng con
chia khu horn ban u thnh hai phn bng nhau. S dngk
thut ny, kch thc ca anten c th c gim bt. iu ny
c th c nhn thy t hnh 2.2.trong cho thy cu trc ca
anten horn gp.

Hnh 2.2 : Anten sng gp

2.3.6. Anten lng cc v n cc
Anten lng cc v n cc m khng bc in tr c
da trn cc k thut cng hng, do hiu ng chung c
m t trc ng k lm gim hiu sut ca h. Mt nh gi
41

ton din khc nhau np dy mng n cc c trnh by bi

Montoya v Smith (1996). Kt qu cho thy khng ai trong s
cc n cc kim tra bo tn c tnh xung. Cc ti in tr, tuy
nhin, c v nh ci thin hiu sut ng k. Mt thit k ph
bin l cc anten bow-tie (cn c gi l 'bifin ng ten,
StutzmanThiele, 1981). Anten bow-tie c s dng trong mt
anten thit k siu rng Lai et al.,(1992) cho thy mt s v d
v cc ng ten siu bng rng khc nhau. Cc beamwidth v tr
khng u vo ca mt anten bow-tie ph thuc trc tip trn
anten hnh hc v h gn nh lin tc trn phm vi tn s mong
mun. m bo mt ngun cp d liu cn bng v bng
rng n cc anten bow-tie, mt cng trnh lai vi mt dng khe
cm anten c s dng (Lai et al, 1992). Bng thng ca mt
anten bow-tieph thuc vo chiu di ca tm (xem hnh 2.3).
Gc bng pht v di ca tm xc nh tn s thp hn.
Beamwidth ca ng ten bow-tie thay i tuyn tnh vi gc
bng. Vic s dng hiu qu cc vt liu in tr cng xut hin
c li trong tie-bow anten (Maloney v Smith, 1993a;
Shlager et al, 1994). C thit k khc c th c coi l cu trc
dipole, chng hn nh np ng ten in tr Chevalier et al.
(1999) ti u ha i vi bc x xung.

42

Hnh 2.3: Mt vi kiu anten bowtie bng rng

Lu v Shi (1999) chng minh rng cu trc lng cc s
c a dng hn cu trc n cc, bi v kch thc ca mt
t vi n cc c th khng c thc t. Mt khc, nhng vn
trong vic pht trin mt b tn nhit lng cc siu bng
thng rng kim sot dng khng cn bng cp bn ngoi.

43

CHNG 3: THIT K ANTEN UWB BOWTIE TRN CU

TRC EBG
3.1. Gii thiu.
Cng ngh v tuyn bng siu rng gn y thu ht c s
quan tm trong kh nhiu lnh vc khc nhau nh truyn thng tc
cao, khong cch ngn; mng cm bin; tm vt radar v nh v. C
rt nhiu loi anten bng rng c s dng trong truyn thng UWB.
Trong khun kh ca ti ny ch tp trung tm hiu anten bowtie,
mt loi anten in hnh cho cc c tnh pht x n hng trn mt
di rng tn s khi t anten song song vi mt vt phn x.
Trong trng hp s dng tinh th dn in l tng PEC
(Perfect Electric Conductor) lm vt phn x, chiu cao t anten n
mt phn x phi chn bng 1/4 bc sng tn s trung tm trnh
s suy gim cc c tnh ca anten.[2], [3]
Trong mt vi nm gn y, rt nhiu nghin cu cng b kt
qu nghin cu v cu trc di chn in t EBG c th thu nhn chn
tia n hng t cc anten v hng vi chiu cao anten nh hn 1/4
bc sng [4], [6].
Ni dung ca ti ny gii thiu mt nghin cu v thit k
anten UWB bowtie hnh l trn cu trc EBG hnh nm. Kt qu c
kim nghim da trn phng php phn tch v o kim sai khc hu
hn min thi gian FDTD (Finite Diffirence Time Domain).

44

3.2. Cu trc anten.

Hnh 3.1 ch ra cu trc ca mt anten bowtie hnh l trn mt
vt phn x EBG. Trong , hai phn t pht x hnh l c t
nh v y ca cht nn in mi c chiu dy t v hng s in mi
tng ng r. Phn t tn x c thit k bng cch ct trn gc ca
phin ng hnh vung vi bn knh cong Rs v gc m . Chiu di
cnh phin ng hnh vung c gi l Le. Phn t tn x s c
kch thch bi mt ng vi di hnh nn, ng vai tr nh mt b
bin i tr khng v b cn bng. B mt anten c t song song
vi mt phn x EBG hnh nm v cch mt khong l d.

Hnh 3.1: Cu trc anten

45

Hnh 3.2: Cu trc hnh hc ca mt phn x EBG

Nh ch ra trong hnh 3.2, vt phn x EBG bao gm cc ming
hnh vung c sp xp tun hon theo ma trn 9x9 c in trn cht
nn in mi c b dy h. Mi ming hnh vung ny c tip t bi
mt mt ming kim loi c ng knh r. Cht nn in mi ca vt
phn x EBG c hng s in mi tng t nh hng s in mi ca
cht nn anten. Cc tham s v cu trc c thng k trong bng 1.
Trong , cc tham s ca phn t pht x v mch dn c ti u
ha cho thit b hot ng bng tn UWB (3.1 - 10.6 GHz) khi cha
a vt phn x EBG [1]
Bng 3.1: Cc tham s cu trc

46

3.3. Kt qu o v nh gi.
Hnh 3.3 minh ha s ph thuc tn s vo pha phn x trn cu
trc EBG hnh nm vi cc tham s cu trc c ch ra trong bng 1.
Cc kt qu ny c tnh ton da trn cc bo co c cng b
trong [5]. Pha phn x 00 t c tn s 8.2 GHz. Ti tn s ny,
cu trc EBG ng vai tr nh mt vt dn t l tng PMC (Perfect
Magnetic Conductor) [6].

Hnh 3.3: Pha phn x trn mt phn x EBG

Ngi ta s dng phng php phn tch v o kim FDTD
nh gi hiu nng ca anten hnh l trn vt phn x EBG. Khong
cch gia b mt anten v vt phn x EBG c chn l d = 2mm =
0.055 vi l chiu di bc sng trong khng gian t do ti tn s
8.2 GHz. Anten v vt phn x EBG c ch to th nghim bng
cht nn in mi ARLON DiClad 880.

47

Hnh 3.4: H s phn x S11 theo tn s

Hnh 3.4 th hin h s phn x S11 m phng v o trn mu th
nghim ti cng u vo ca anten vi gi thit tr khng 50 . H s
phn x o c trn mu anten th nghim nh hn -10dB trong di
tn t 6.4 n 9.0 GHz. Trong khi , kt qu S11 m phng li c gi
tr ln hn -10 dB trong khong tn 7.5 n 9.0 Ghz. S sai khc gia
kt qu o v m phng c th l do nguyn nhn li ch to trong
mu anten th nghim u tin.
Cc mu kt ng phn cc trong mt phng H (xz- plane) v
mt phng E (yz-plane) c ch ra tng ng trong hnh 5 v hnh 6.
iu d nhn thy trong cc hnh v ny, cc kt qu o kim v m
phng kh ng u nhau. c tnh bc x n hng thu c trong
khong tn t 5 n 9 GHz.

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Hnh 3.5: Mu bc x trn mt phng xz (ng phn cc)

Hnh 3.6: Mu bc x trn mt phng yz (co-polarization)

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Tuy nhin, trong c hai mt phng E v H u c s suy gim

mu bc x ti tn s 10 GHz. c bit, mu thu c trong mt
phng H xut hin rt nhiu bp v gi tr null.

Hnh 3.7: S phn phi dng trn mt phn x EBG

tm hiu nguyn nhn gy suy gim mu bc x ti tn s 10
GHz, ngi ta tin hnh m phng s phn phi dng in trn cc
ming khc nhau ca mt phn x EBG (hnh 3.7) vi cng dng
in ln nht. Ta c th nhn thy rng ti tn s xung quang 8 GHz,
phn ln dng in ch tp trung nhng ming ngay di nhng
phn t bc x. Trong khi , ti tn s 10 GHz, dng in li phn
phi u trn cc ming xa cc phn t bc x. Trong trng hp
ny, y l s bc x khng mong mun trn cc ming phn x EBG
v n l gii cho s suy gim mu bc x trn.
Hnh 3.8 biu din li thu c trn hng z theo p ng tn
s. Ta d dng nhn thy cc kt qu m phng kh trng khp vi kt
qu o. li ln nht l 10dB, thu c tn s 7.5 GHz. li suy
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gim 3dB tn s 6v 8.7GHz. Nu nhn vo hnh 3.3 ta s thy

nhng tn s ny tng ng vi pha phn x EBG ln lt l 135 v 45 .

Hnh 3.8: li thc t thu c trn hng z theo p ng tn s

TNG KT V XU HNG
Bo co ny gii thiu mt cch tng qut, c h thng v cu
trc EBG. Vi nhng c tnh vt tri ca vt liu nhn to ny s
cung cp cho chng ta phng n thit k nhng kiu anten th h mi
vi cht lng, hiu sut cao hn, p ng nhu cu ngy cng pht
trin ca cng ngh truyn thng. Trong bo co cp n mt
mng ng dng ca EBG vo vic ch to anten bow-tie trong h
thng bng thng rng UWB v em li hiu qu rt thit thc.
Trong tng li cu trc EBG s c p dng nhiu hn vo cng
ngh ch to anten cng nh cc thit thit b truyn thng.

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TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] Fan Yang and Yahya Rahmat - Electromagnetic Band Gap Structures in
Antenna Engineering
[2] Tomoyuki KOYANAGI - A Study of a Leaf-Shaped Bowtie Antenna Backed by
an Electromagnetic Band Gap Structure
[3] Sai Wai Wong, Lei Zhu*, and Sheng Sun - Ultra-Wideband Microstrip-Line
Bandpass Filters with Good Out-of-Band Performance using EBG

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