Chemistry

[UNIT 2 STUDY GUIDE: MATTER]

Chemical and Physical Properties

Physical Properties
o Observable without changing the substance
o Extensive properties depend on the amount of a substance you have
Examples: ____________________________________________________________________
o Intensive properties are independent of amount
Examples: ____________________________________________________________________
o Match the physical property term to its definition:
__ Luster
a. Ability of a material to bend without breaking
__ Ductility
b. Ability of a substance to pass on an electric current
__ Electrical Conductivity
c. The light reflectivity of a materials surface
__ Solubility
d. The thickness of a liquid.
__ Malleability
e. Ability of a substance to be stretched without breaking.
__Viscosity
f. Ability of a substance to form a solution with another substance.

Chemical Properties
o Observable only by changing the substance into another substance
o Examples: ____________________________________________________________________________

Physical Changes
o Does not change the identity of a substance
o Physical changes are usually reversible
o Examples:__________________________________________
o

States of Matter
Gas: Rapidly moving particles freely moving around and
bouncing off each other , vibrating
Liquid: Particles are close together, vibrating and moving
around each other freely
Solid: Particles are locked into position, vibrating

Chemical Changes
o Identity and properties of a substance are changed
o Not reversible, except by a new chemical reaction
o Examples: ____________________________________________________________________________
o Evidences: ___________________________________________________________________________

Law of Conservation of Mass: matter can neither be created or destroyed in any physical or chemical change

Separation Techniques
o Separation Funnel two immiscible liquids
o Distillation two miscible liquids
o Evaporation liquid and a dissolved solid
o Filtration heterogeneous mixture of liquid and undissolved solid
o Centrifugation heterogeneous mixture of liquid and suspended solid particles that are too small for filtering

Chemistry

[UNIT 2 STUDY GUIDE: MATTER]

Organization of Matter

Heterogeneous Mixtures
o Non-uniform, multiple phases
o Not transparent
o Can be physically separated

Solutions (Homogeneous)
o have a single, uniform, transparent phase
o Can be physically separated
o Solvent (dissolver) and solute (dissolved)
o Gas in gas (ex. _____________________)
o Gas in liquid (ex. ______________________)
o Solid in liquid (ex. ______________________)
o Liquid in liquid (ex. ______________________)
o Solid in solid (alloys ex. ______________________)

Elements
o Basic building blocks of the universe
o Composed of atoms
o Found on the periodic table
o Examples: __________________________________________________________________________

Compounds
o Law of Definite Proportions compounds always form in fixed ratios (e.g. H2O always 2 parts H to one
part O, no matter how much H and O you put together)
o Compounds do not share any similar properties with their constituent elements
o Composed of molecules