MATSEC: Advanced Pure Mathematics

Paper 1
MAY 2008
1.

Roots: ,
b
+=
Product of roots:
a

ax2 + bx + c = 0
Sum of roots:

(a)

(i)

c
a

+
b
=

2 + 2 ( + )2 b 2 2ac
(ii)
+ =
=
=

ac
(b)

b
b 2 2ac
= 1,
+ =
= 2 b2 = 4ac
c

ac

b 2
x + bx b = 0
4
Hence x2 4x + 4 = (x 2)2 = 0, whose repeated solution is x = 2.

c = b and b = 4a

(c)

a(y 1)2 + b(y 1) + c = 0 ay2 + (b 2a)y + a b + c = 0

Since y = x + 1, hence the new roots are given in terms of the old ones by

1 = + 1, 1 = + 1
(d)

Let 1 = , 1 =
b
Sum: 1 + 1 = 1 = 0
a1
Product: 1 1 = ( )2 = [( + )2 4] = ( + )2 + 4
2
c
4c
4ac b 2
b
1 1 = +
=
= 1
2
a1
a
a
a
Hence the equation is

a2x2 +(4ac b2) = 0

dx
x
dy
y (1 x)
dy 1 x
2
=
dx =
=
dx

2
2
2
1+ x
1+ x2
dx 2(1 + x )
y 1+ x

2.

2 ln y = arctan x 12 ln |1 + x2| + C
The point (0, 2) lies on curve. Hence

2 ln 2 = C

C = ln 4

ln y = 12 arctan x 14 ln |1 + x2| + ln 2
2
y=
e arctan x
1
(1 + x 2 ) 4

Note: It would have sufficed to stop at ln y = .. since you were not asked to
express y in terms of x.

3.

(a)

Let the rth term of the AP be denoted by ar:

Hence a1 = a, a2 = a + d, ....., ar = a + (r 1)d
a1 + a3 = a + (a + 2d) = 10 a + d = 5

[1]

Since a2, a4, a8 are in GP, they have the same common ratio u.
We therefore have a4 = a2u, a8 = a4u.
Hence u =

a 4 a8
a42 = a2a8
=
a2 a4

Hence from [1],

Solving for d we obtain

(a + 3d)2 = (a + d)(a + 7d)

(5 + 2d)2 = 5(5 + 6d)

d = 52 and hence a = 52

s15 = 12 n(2a + [n 1]d) = 12 15(5 + 35) = 300

(b)

1 1
( 1) 2 1 12 ( 12 1) 2
1
(1 + x) (1 x) 1 + x + 2 2
x 1 x +
x
2!
2!
2
2

1 1
3 1
3 1
1 1
1
= 1 + x x 2 1 + x + x 2 1 + x + x 2 + x + x 2 x 2
8 2
8 2
8 2
4 8
2
1
= 1 + x + x 2 where 1 < x < 1
2
1
1 + 10
11
11
1
1
221
663

1+ +
=
11 =
=
=
1
1 10
9
3
10 200 200
200

4.

A(1, 4, 2), B(2, 1, 8) AB = 3(i j + 2k)

r = i + 4j + 2k + (i j + 2k)
Equation of l1:

l2

C(1, 0, 3)

CP = i + 4j + 2k + (i j + 2k) ( i + 3k)
= i + (4 )j + (2 1)k

l1

P()

AB CP = 3( 4 + + 4 2) = 18 18 = 0
=1

CP = i + 3j + k
Hence equation of l2:

r = i + 3k + (i + 3j + k)
CP = | CP | = 1 + 9 + 1 = 11

5.

(a)

|z1z2| = |r1(cos + i sin )||r2(cos + i sin )| = r1r2 = | z1|| z2 |

z1z2 = r1r2(cos + i sin )(cos + i sin )
= r1r2[(cos cos sin sin ) + i(sin cos + cos sin )]
= r1r2 [cos ( + ) + i sin ( + )]

Hence, arg (z1z2) = + = arg (z1) + arg (z2)

(b)

x + 2 + iy
z + 2
= 3
Re
= 3 Re
z i
x + i ( y 1)
x 2 + 2 x + y 2 y + i (....)
( x + 2 + iy )( x i ( y 1)
= 3
= 3 Re
Re
2
2
x
+
(
y

1
)
( x + i ( y 1))( x i ( y 1))

Hence

x2 + 2x + y2 y = 3x2 + 3(y 1)2

On expanding and rearranging, we obtain

x2 + y2 x

5
2

y+

3
2

= 0 2x2 + 2y2 2x 5y + 3 = 0

Hence the locus is a circle centre (g, f) = (, 54) and radius

g2 + f 2 c =

1
4

25
+ 16
32 =

5
.
4

6.

(a)

e x / 2 sin x
ln y = x + ln (sin x) 4 ln x
x4
1 dy 1
4
dy
4 e x / 2 sin x 1
4
1
= + cot x
= y + cot x =
+ cot x
4
y dx 2
x
dx
x
x
x
2
2

y=

dy
sin x cos x 4 sin x
x / 2 x sin x 8 sin x + 2 x cos x
= ex/2 4 + 4
=e

5
dx
x
x
2x 5
2x

(b)

y2 = 4ax 2y

dy
dy
1
4a
= 4a
=
= which is the gradient at
dx
dx
2 2at t

P(at2, 2at) .
Hence normal has gradient t.
Normal:
y 2at = t(x at2)

y = 2at + at3 tx

At y = 0: 0 = 2at + at3 tx
x = 2a + at2 ( = OG)
2
ON = at ( x-coordinate of P)
NG = OG ON = (2a + at2) at2
NG = 2a

7.

(a)

(b)

P(at2, 2at)

x 1 x 2 +1
1
=
= 1+
x2
x2
x2
x 1
1
= 1+
x2
x2
(i) Dom (f) = {xR, x 2}
Range (f) = {f(x)R, f(x) 1}
f(x) =

(ii)

y=

1
x

y=

1
x2

y = 1+

1
2
2

The dotted lines mark the asymptotes x = 2 and y = 1.

1
x2

(ii)

y = 1+

1
1
1
x2=
x=2+
y 1
y 1
x2

1
x 1
1
Dom (f ) = {xR, x 1}
Range(f1) = { f1(x) R, f1(x) 2}

f1(x) = 2 +

(iii) h(x) =

1
(f o g )( x) 2
1

f1 o g(x) = f1(x2 5x + 5) = 2 +

1
x 5x + 4

h(x)

Hence
1
= x2 5x + 4
1
(f o g )( x) 2
= (x 4)(x 1)

h(x) =

8.

(a) 6C4 10C7 = 1800 ways (Independent events)

(b) T1ROT2T3ING:

8!
= 6720 WAYS
3!

where we divide by 3! because the T1T2T3 can be permuted in 3! ways.

(i)

T1ROT2T3I(NG):

7!
= 1680 ways.
3!

We multiply by 2 because we distinguish between NG or GN.

Hence P[NG or GN] =
(ii) (TTT)ROING:
P[TTT] =

6! = 720
720
3
=
6720 28

1680 1
=
6720 4

9.

(a)

Using integration by parts, taking u = ln 2x,

x ln 2 xdx = x

(b)

ln 2x

dv
= x,
dx

1
dx = x2 (ln 2x ) + C
x

Let u = 2x + 3. Hence, du = 2dx. When x = 3, u = 9 and when x = , u = 4.

3

x 2 x + 3dx = (u 3) u du = (u 3u )du =

1/ 2

(c)

[u
2
5

3x 2 + 2 x + 2
A
Bx + C

+ 2
2
( x + 1)( x + 2) x + 1 x + 2
3x2 + 2x + 2 = A(x2 + 2) + (Bx + C)(x + 1)
x = 1: 3 = 3A A = 1
2 = 2A + C C = 0

x = 0:

coefficients of x2: 3 = A + B B = 2
3x 2 + 2 x + 2
1
2x

+ 2
2
( x + 1)( x + 2) x + 1 x + 2
2

2x
3x 2 + 2 x + 2
1

dx =
+ 2
dx
2
x +1 x + 2
( x + 1)( x + 2)

= ln( x + 1) + ln( x 2 + 2) 1 = ln 3 + ln 6 ln 2 ln 3 = ln 3

2u

] = 585
9

10. (a)

cos 3 = sin 4 cos 3 = cos ( 2 4)

2

(+)

()

4 = (3 + 2n)

Hence

4 = 3 + 2n 7 =

+ 2n =

4 = 3 + 2n =

1
14

(4n + 1)

+ 2n = 12 (4n + 1)

Note that it + or makes no difference in front of 2n since n can have both

signs.

(c)

f() = 12 sin + 5 cos = R sin ( + )

R = 13
5

= R cos sin + R sin cos

Hence

R cos = 12 and R sin = 5

Therefore,

R = 13 and = arctan

12

12

= 22.62

Hence 12 sin + 5 cos = 13 sin ( + )

Therefore we solve

13 sin ( + ) = 2
sin ( + ) =

We obtain,

13

+ 22.62 = 8.85 + 360n

+ 22.62 = 171.15 + 360n

Hence,

= 13.77, 148.53