Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
FO
T,
AS
CO
C
CO LIM
M AT
M EA
UN N
IT D
Y
TE
T
RA
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M Shahadat Hossain
SM Sharifuzzaman
Sayedur R Chowdhury
M Shah Nawaz Chowdhury
Subrata Sarker
M Royhanur Islam
Avijit Talukder
RE
NT
CE
Chank
Cowries
Cockles
Clams
Mussels
Scallops
Limpets
Periwinkles
Buttons
Moon shells
Oysters
Sundials
Horns
Olives
Whelks
600+ original photographs
Acknowledgements
The authors were inspired to do the study of marine molluscs biodiversity of
Bangladesh during a research project on 'Ecological Engineering for Coastal
Protection and Food Production in Bangladesh (ECOBAS)' funded by the IMARES and
LEI, Wageningen UR, and Royal HaskoningDHV of the Netherlands. Thanks to the
fishers, molluscs collectors and islanders for their support, and sharing knowledge
and experiences on the topic. Sincere gratitude is also extended to Mr Md Kawser
Ahmed (UNO, Moheshkhali), Mr Md Abdul Quaiyum (Conservation Biologist,
Moheshkhali), Mr Md Delware Hossain (Professor, Kutubdia College), Md Jainal
Abedin (Field staff, Institute of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, University of
Chittagong) for various support extended during the study.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction
Identi-cation Keys
COLOR PLATES
Class GASTROPODA
Order Archaeogastropoda
Order Mesogastropoda
Order Neogastropoda
Class BIVALVIA
Order Nuculoida
Order Arcoida
Order Mytiloida
Order Pterioida
Order Ostreina
Order Veneroida
Order Myodia
List of Species
References
1-36
37-44
44
INTRODUCTION
The coastal and marine ecosystems of Bangladesh provide abode to a fantastic array of life forms. These include plants, invertebrates, vertebrate animals and microorganisms, of which many species such as mangroves, hilsa, olive-ridley turtle, the Irrawaddy
dolphins, etc., are unique to this part of the world. Molluscs are a group of invertebrates and comprise the largest marine phylum
Mollusca, making up about 23% of all known marine species (Benkendor- 2010). These animals are amazingly diverse in physical
appearance and size, and with respect to their food habits. There are more than 50,000 described species in the phylum with
roughly 350 new species being added every year by discovery (Radulovici et al. 2010; Layton et al. 2014). But, our knowledge of
taxonomy and systematics of marine molluscs remains still very basic in the context of Bangladesh. This is not only due to the shortage of people and tools to study them, but also due to problems in morphological analysis and identi cation of molluscs as a result
of their complex larval stages, phenotypic plasticity and substantial cryptic species diversity.
In this region, it was Commans (1940) who rst reported some species of molluscs from the St. Martins Islands, and a subsequent study (i.e. Ali & Aziz 1976) described 33 species under three di- erent classes from the same area. Later Ahmed (1990) provided
an extended list and taxonomic description of marine and brackishwater molluscan fauna of Bangladesh composed of 301 species
belonging to 151 genera, 79 families, 16 orders in 4 classes. Here we report a total of 317 molluscs collected from the o- shore islands
of Kutubdia, Maheskhali and Sonadia, of which 121 species are identi ed as gastropods under 27 families, and 125 species are
bivalves under 19 families. Among all identi ed molluscs, 181 species are new to Bangladesh. Some 71 specimens are described to
the genus level only. Gastropods and bivalves are the two largest groups of molluscs in terms of numbers of species, and they are
frequently encountered in the intertidal and shallow water marine habitats, even by commoners.
However, extensive shell extraction (through mollusc harvesting) for poultry and aquaculture feed industries, without any
regulation and control, destruction of habitat, pollution and climate change are all posing the greatest threat to mollusc biodiversity. This has highlighted the urgent need to document these living marine resources properly as well as study them scienti cally to
(i) identify them as individual/group, (ii) know their biology: their diet, growth, reproduction, distribution, abundance, stock, etc., (iii)
design and undertake appropriate conservation and management measures, (iv) understand the e- ects of human activities upon
them, and (v) assess their economic importance. Nevertheless, this work is by no means complete and requires further e- ort, in
particular, the integration of molecular methods like DNA-barcoding with morphological methods may help realize the most
comprehensive information on the taxonomy of molluscs found in the coastal and marine waters of Bangladesh.
Register of Marine Species (WoRMS, http://www.marinespecies.org). The specimens are held at the Institute of Marine Sciences and
Fisheries, University of Chittagong.
IDENTIFICATION KEYS
[a] Gastropod: shell characters such as shape, spire length & shape, mouth opening, opercular shape, umbilicus shape & size,
colour, and ornamentation of the shell were primarily used to identify the gastropods. For their internal classi-ca tion, the characters
of the radula were useful (Figure 1a).
(a)
(b)
Figure 1. Diagram of parts of the (a) gastropod shell, and (b) bivalve shell (source: Abbott & Dance 2000)
[b] Bivalve: shell morphology was used to identify the bivalves. The shell comprises of two valves - (i) equivalve (clams, mussels),
i.e. the valves are similar, and (ii) inequivalve (scallops), i.e. the valves are dissimilar. The outer surface may be striated or ribbed. The
two valves are held together by an elastic ligament, which leaves a scar on the hinge. The hinge may have interlocking ridges (or
teeth) known as dentition. The two valves are attracted to the soft body by adductor muscles that produce scar on the interior
surface. If each valve has a single scar, the shell is called monomyarian. If there are two scars on each valve, the shell is called dimyarian. At hinge, the shell has a projection named umbo which always points towards the anterior end of the animal. Thus, an anterior
adductor scar and a posterior adductor scar in dimyarian shells can be distinguished. A slender scar often touches these two that
marks the attachment of the mantle edge, is called the pallial line or pallial scar. Some bivalves have the mantle folded into a posterior siphon for conveying water away from the body when the animal is feeding by converted ciliary currents such shells show a
pallial sinus in the pallial line (Figure 1b).
PICTURE PLATES
Paphia sp.
Clam
GASTROPODA/Fissurellidae
GASTROPODA/Trochidae
Plate 1
Trochidae
Plate 2
Trochidae
Umbonium sp.
Button top-shell
Umbonium sp.
Button top-shell
Umbonium sp.
Button top-shell
GASTROPODA/Neritidae
Umbonium sp.
Button top-shell
Plate 3
GASTROPODA/Littorinidae
GASTROPODA/Architectonicidae
GASTROPODA/Turritellidae
GASTROPODA/Potamididae
GASTROPODA/Cypraeidae
Potamididae
Plate 5
Cypraeidae
GASTROPODA/Ovulidae
GASTROPODA/Naticidae
Plate 6
Naticidae
Plate 7
Naticidae
Polinices sp.
Moon shell
Polinices sp.
Moon shell
GASTROPODA/Tonnidae
Natica sp.
Moon shell
GASTROPODA/Cassidae
Natica sp.
Moon shell
Plate 8
Cassidae
GASTROPODA/Ficidae
GASTROPODA/Cymatiidae
GASTROPODA/Bursidae
Bursidae
GASTROPODA/Bullidae
GASTROPODA/Muricidae
Plate 10
Muricidae
Thais sp.
Rock shell
Plate 11
Muricidae
Thais sp.
Rock shell
Thais sp.
Rock shell
Thais sp.
Rock shell
GASTROPODA/Nassariidae
GASTROPODA/Buccinidae
Plate 12
Nassariidae
GASTROPODA/Melongenidae
GASTROPODA/Olividae
Plate 13
Olividae
Oliva sp.
Olive shell
Oliva sp.
Olive shell
Oliva sp.
Olive shell
Oliva sp.
Olive shell
Plate 14
...Olividae
Olividae
Oliva sp.
Olive shell
Oliva sp.
Olive shell
GASTROPODA/Fasciolariidae
GASTROPODA/Marginellidae
Oliva sp.
Olive shell
GASTROPODA/Turbinellidae
GASTROPODA/Conidae
Conidae
GASTROPODA/Turridae
Conus sp.
Cone shell
GASTROPODA/Volutidae
BIVALVIA/Nuculidae
Yoldia sp.
Nut clam
BIVALVIA/Arcidae
Arcidae
Plate 17
Arcidae
Plate 18
Arcidae
Anadara sp.
Ark shell
Anadara sp.
Ark shell
Anadara sp.
Ark shell
Plate 19
Arcidae
Anadara sp.
Ark shell
Anadara sp.
Ark shell
Anadara sp.
Ark shell
Anadara sp.
Ark shell
Anadara sp.
Ark shell
Anadara sp.
Ark shell
Anadara sp.
Ark shell
Anadara sp.
Ark shell
Anadara sp.
Ark shell
Plate 20
BIVALVIA/Mytilidae
BIVALVIA/Anomiidae
BIVALVIA/Pectinidae
Plate 21
Pectinidae
Plate 22
Pectinidae
Pecten sp.
Scallop
Plate 23
Pectinidae
Pecten sp.
Scallop
Pecten sp.
Scallop
Pecten sp.
Scallop
Pecten sp.
Scallop
Pecten sp.
Scallop
Pecten sp.
Scallop
Pecten sp.
Scallop
Pecten sp.
Scallop
Pecten sp.
Scallop
Plate 24
Pectinidae
BIVALVIA/Pteriidae
Pecten sp.
Scallop
BIVALVIA/Ostreidae
BIVALVIA/Chamidae
BIVALVIA/Carditidae
Carditidae
Cardita sp.
Cardita shell
Cardita sp.
Cardita shell
Cardita sp.
Cardita shell
Cardita sp.
Cardita shell
Cardita sp.
Cardita shell
Plate 26
Carditidae
Cardita sp.
Cardita shell
Cardita sp.
Cardita shell
Cardita sp.
Cardita shell
Cardita sp.
Cardita shell
Cardita sp.
Cardita shell
Cardita sp.
Cardita shell
Cardita sp.
Cardita shell
Cardita sp.
Cardita shell
Cardita sp.
Cardita shell
Plate 27
BIVALVIA/Cardiidae
BIVALVIA/Mactridae
Plate 28
Mactridae
BIVALVIA/Tellinidae
Mactra sp.
Clam
Plate 29
BIVALVIA/Donacidae
Tellinidae
Arcopagia sp.
Tellin
Plate 30
Donacidae
Donax sp.
Coquina
Donax sp.
Toothed donax
Donax sp.
Coquina
Donax sp.
Coquina
Plate 31
BIVALVIA/Psammobiidae
Ruditapes sp.
Clam
BIVALVIA/Veneridae
Plate 32
Veneridae
Plate 33
Veneridae
Gafrarium sp.
Clam
Gafrarium sp.
Clam
Gafrarium sp.
Clam
Paphia sp.
Clam
Plate 34
Veneridae
BIVALVIA/Mesodesmatidae
Paphia sp.
Clam
BIVALVIA/Semelidae
BIVALVIA/Solenidae
BIVALVIA/Pholadidae
BIVALVIA/Pholadidae
LIST OF SPECIES
Pholas campechiensis
Campeche angelwing
Petricola sp.
False angelwing
Family
Species
Class: GASTROPODA
Order: Archaeogastropoda
Fissurellidae
Diodora variegata (Sowerby, 1862)
Scutus unguis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Trochidae
Monodonta canalifera (Lamarck, 1816)
Trochus radiatus (Gmelin, 1791)
Umbonium vestiarium (Linnaeus, 1758)
Umbonium giganteum (Lesson, 1833)
Archiminolia oleacea (Hedley & Petterd, 1907)
Cantharidus caelatus (Hutton, 1884)
Rossiteria nucleus (Philippi, 1849)
Gaza s-cher i (Dall, 1889)
Gibbula candei (d'Orbigny, 1844)
Gibbula magus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Gibbula pennanti (Phillipi, 1846)
Gibbula richardi (Payraudeau, 1826)
Photinula coerulescens (King & Broderip, 1831)
Tropidomarga biangulata (Powell, 1951)
Umbonium eloiseae (Dance et al., 1992)
Umbonium moniliferum (Lamarck, 1822)
Umbonium spp. (4)
Neritidae
Nerita fulgurans (Gmelin, 1791)
Nerita planospira (Anton, 1839)
Nerita plicata (Linnaeus, 1758)
Nerita picea (Rcluz, 1841)
Puperita pupa (Linnaeus, 1758)
Order: Mesogastropoda
Littorinidae
Littorina undulata (Gray, 1839)
Architectonicidae
Architectonica maxima (Philippi, 1849)
Architectonica nobilis (Rding, 1798)
Architectonica acutissima (Sowerby, 1914)
Plate 36
Common name
Keyhole limpet
Hoof-shield limpet
Canal monodont
Radiate top-shell
Button top-shell
Button top-shell
Wheel shell
Shining top-shell
Top-shell
Kelp shell
Ashen gibbula
Magical gibbula
Pennants top-shell
Richards top-shell
vbxq bvg
kvgyK
Plate
bvKdzj
kvgyK
kvgyK
Top-shell
Button top-shell
Button top-shell
Button top-shell
Antillean nerite
Flat-spired nerite
Plicate nerite
Pitchy nerite
Dark zebra nerite
Undulate sundial shell
Giant sundial shell
Common sundial shell
Sharp-edged sundial
shell
kvgyK
kvgyK
Family
Turritellidae
Potamididae
Cypraeidae
Ovulidae
Naticidae
Species
Turritella carinifera (Lamarck, 1822)
Turritella duplicata (Linnaeus, 1758)
Protoma knockeri (Baird, 1870)
Turritella terebra (Linnaeus, 1758)
Cerithidea obtusa (Lamarck, 1822)
Cerithidea cingulata (Gmelin, 1791)
Telescopium telescopium (Linnaeus, 1758)
Cypraea (Mauritia) arabica (Linnaeus, 1758)
Cypraea (Pustularia) cicercula (Linnaeus, 1758)
Cypraea subviridis (Reeve, 1835)
Cypraea tessellata (Swainson, 1822)
Cypraea cinerea (Gmelin, 1791)
Cypraea reevei (Sowerby, 1832)
Cypraea (Purpuradusta) minoridens (Melvill, 1901)
Cypraea boivinii (Kiener, 1843)
Cypraea dillwyni (Schilder, 1922)
Monetaria moneta (Linnaeus, 1758)
Phenacovolva dancei (Cate, 1973)
Polinices tumidus (Swainson, 1840)
Sinum javanicum (Gri-th & Pidgeon, 1834)
Sinum cymba (Menke, 1828)
Sinum maculatum (Say, 1831)
Neverita josephinia (Risso, 1826)
Natica tabularis (Kuroda,1961)
Natica maculata (von Salis, 1793)
Natica vitellus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Natica brunneolinea (McLean, 1970)
Sinum concavum (Lamarck, 1822)
Lunatia lewisii (Gould, 1847)
Natica tigrina (Rding, 1798)
Sinum neritoideum (Linnaeus, 1758)
Natica lineata (Rding, 1798)
Polinices spp. (2).; Natica spp. (2)
Common name
Carinate turitella
Duplicate turitella
Knockers turitella
Screw turritella
Obtuse horn shell
Gridled horn shell
Telescope shell
Cowrie
Chickpea cowrie
Greenish cowrie
Cowrie
Gray cowrie
Reeves cowrie
Small-toothed cowrie
Boivins cowrie
Dilwynis cowrie
Money cowrie
Dances volva
Pear-shaped moon
Javanese ear moon
Boat ear moon
Spotted ear moon
Josephines moon shell
Tabulated moon
Hebrew moon
Calf moon
Brown-lined moon
Concave ear moon
Lewiss moon
Tiger moon shell
Nerite ear moon
Lined moon shell
Moon shell
37
vbxq bvg
Plate
... 4
jvRv
jvRv
Kwo
Kwo
cvU kvgyK
7
cvU kvgyK
cvU kvgyK
Family
Tonnidae
Cassidae
Ficidae
Cymatiidae
Bursidae
Bullidae
Order: Neogastropoda
Muricidae
Species
Tonna dolium (Linnaeus, 1758)
Phalium areola (Linnaeus, 1758)
Semicassis bisulcata (Schubert & Wagner, 1829)
Phalium glaucum (Linnaeus, 1758)
Phalium granulatum (Von Born, 1778)
Phalium craticulatum (Euthyme, 1885)
Ficus subintermedia (d'Orbigny, 1852)
Ficus gracilis (Sowerby, 1825)
Distorsio clathrata (Lamarck, 1816)
Distorsio decussata (Valenciennes, 1832)
Gyrineum natator (Rding, 1798)
Argobuccinum pustulosum (Lightfoot, 1786)
Gyrineum pusillum (Broderip, 1833)
Bursa rana (Linnaeus, 1758)
Bursa nana (Broderip & Sowerby, 1829)
Haminoea solitaria (Say, 1822)
Common name
Spotted cask
vbxq bvg
eyqv kL
Helmet shell
nvwZi Kvb
Bonnet
nvwZi Kvb
Fig shell
nvwZi Kjv
Distorted tritum
Decussate distorsio
Tuberculate gyre triton
Pustular triton
Purple gyre triton
Ruddy frog shell
Frog shell
Say's paper-bubble
38
Plate
... 8
KvUv kvgyK
KvUv kvgyK
Kwo
10
Rvj KuvUv
MvjKvUv
11
MvjKvUv
MvjKvUv
11-12
Family
Buccinidae
Nassariidae
Melongenidae
Olividae
Fasciolariidae
Turbinellidae
Marginellidae
Conidae
Turridae
Volutidae
Species
Babylonia borneensis (Sowerby, 1864)
Babylonia lutosa (Lamarck, 1822)
Nassarius foveolatus (Dunker, 1847)
Nassarius (Alectrion) aoteanus (Finlay, 1926)
Nassarius venustus (Dunker, 1847)
Bullia tenuis (Reeve, 1846)
Bullia vittata (Linnaeus, 1758)
Bullia pura (Melvill, 1885)
Bullia callosa (Wood, 1828)
Pugilina cochlidium (Linnaeus, 1758)
Olivancillaria gibbosa (Born, 1778)
Agaronia travassosi (Morretes, 1938)
Agaronia nebulosa (Lamarck, 1822)
Ancilla (Amalda) ampla (Gmelin, 1791)
Agaronia propatula (Conrad, 1849)
Olivancillaria contortuplicata (Reeve, 1850)
Olivella petiolita (Duclos 1835)
Oliva sidelia (Duclos, 1835)
Oliva rufula (Duclos, 1835)
Oliva sayana (Ravenel, 1834)
Oliva spp. (7)
Fusolatirus pagodaeformis (Melvill, 1899)
Nodolatirus nodatus (Gmelin, 1791)
Turbinella angulata (Lightfoot, 1786)
Marginella cornea (Lamarck, 1822)
Conus venulatus (Hwass, 1792)
Conus inscriptus (Reeve, 1843)
Conus leopardus (Rding, 1798)
Conus sp.
Gemmula speciosa (Reeve, 1843)
Turricula javana (Linnaeus, 1767)
Knefastia olivacea (Sowerby, 1833)
Cymbiola aulica (Sowerby, 1825)
Common name
Bomeensis babylon
Lutosa babylon
Dog whelks
Basket shell
Lovely nassa
Smooth bullia
Ribbon bullia
Pure bullia
Callused bullia
Spiral melongena
Gibbouse olive
Travassoss ancilla
Blotchy ancilla
Wide-mouth ancilla
Open-mouth ancilla
Twistew plait olive
Arrow dwarf olive
Pretty olive
Rufula olive
Lettered olive
Olive shell
Pagoda latirus
Nodular latirus
Indian chank
Margin shell
Cape verde cone
Engraved cone
Leopard cone
Cone shell
Splendid turrid
Java turrid
Olivaceous knefastia
Crown volute
39
vbxq bvg
bvKdzyj
Plate
... 12
kvgyK
fyv kvgyK
kvgyK
kvgyK
13
KuvUv kL
eyKwPiv
14
eyKwPiv
KuvUv kL
14-15
15
ev`kvgyK
KvY kvgyK
KvY kvgyK
gymviv jvRv
eyKwPiv
16
Family
Class: BIVALVIA
Order: Nuculoida
Nuculidae
Order: Arcoida
Arcidae
Species
Common name
Yoldia sp.
Nut clam
Ark shell
vbxq bvg
Plate
wQjb
16
wSbyK
LiMvki gyL
wSbyK
LiMvki gyL
wSbyK
wQjb
LiMvki gyL
17
wSbyK
LiMvki gyL
Ark shell
18
wSbyK
LiMvki gyL
wSbyK
Ark shell
wSbyK
LiMvki gyL
LiMvki gyL
40
19
19-20
Family
Order: Mytiloida
Mytilidae
Order: Pterioida
Anomiidae
Pectinidae
Pteriidae
Order: Ostreina
Ostreidae
Species
Common name
Channel mussel
Green mussel
Falcate swam mussel
Chorus mussel
Windowpane shell
Wainwright scallop
Wavy-lined scallop
Scallop
Snow scallop
Tranquebar scallop
Nudular scallop
Kitten scallop
Scallop
Circular scallop
Scallop
Nucleus scallop
Plicate scallop
Scaly scallop
Calico scallop
Glorious scallop
Superb scallop
Lined scallop
Scallop
Spathate scallop
Variable scallop
Scallop
41
vbxq bvg
Plate
21
wQjb
KZvj
wSbyK
22
wSbyK
23
wSbyK
Pearl oyster
wSbyK
ZBjv wQjb
Oyster shell
Kiv
23-25
25
Family
Order: Veneroida
Chamidae
Carditidae
Cardiidae
Mactridae
Tellinidae
Donacidae
Species
Common name
Budds jewelbox
Leafy jewelbox
Cardita shell
Wide-ribbed cardita
Cardita shell
Variegate cardita
Tankerville's cardita
Ajar cardita
Cardita shell
Elongate cockle
Angulate cockle
Slender cockle
Egg cockle
Exigua cockle
Yellow cockle
Violate mactra
Wedge trough shell
Subtruncate mactra
Surf clam
Snowy mactra
Equal sized mactra
Clam
Paper grooved macoma
Elegant tellin
Foliated tellin
Spenglers tellin
Tellin
Tellin
Bean donax
Saw donax
Cuneate donax
Goulds donax
42
vbxq bvg
ZBjv wQjb
Plate
... 25
wSbyK
26
wSbyK
26-27
28
LiMvki gyL
wQjb
29
wQjb
wQjb
QvU gvqvjx wSbyK
30
Family
... Donacidae
Psammobiidae
Veneridae
Species
Donax rugosus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Donax denticulatus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Donax variabilis (Say, 1822)
Donax incarnatus (Gmelin, 1791)
Donax (Plebidonax) deltoides (Lamarck, 1818)
Donax townsendi (Sowerby, 1894)
Donax faba (Gmelin, 1791)
Donax scortum (Linnaeus, 1758)
Donax spinosus (Gmelin, 1791)
Donax spp. (4)
Sanguinolaria cruenta (Lightfoot, 1786)
Sanguinolaria bertini (Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932)
Psammotaea elongata (Lamarck, 1818)
Venus toreuma (Gould, 1851)
Mercenaria mercenaria (Linnaeus, 1758)
Saxidomus gigantea (Deshayes, 1839)
Amiantis callosa (Conrad, 1837)
Ruditapes sp. (1);
Sunetta donacina (Gmelin, 1791)
Sunetta excavata (Hanley,1843)
Sunetta solanderii (Gray, 1825)
Meretrix meretrix (Linnaeus, 1758)
Meretrix casta (Gmelin, 1791)
Paphia undulata (Born, 1778)
Dosinia discus (Reeve, 1850)
Dosinia troscheli (Lischke, 1873)
Paphia textile (Gmelin, 1791)
Dosinia grata (Deshayes, 1853)
Cyclinella tenuis (Rcluz, 1852)
Pelecyora excisa (Rding, 1798)
Polymesoda placans (Hanley, 1845)
Callista brevisiphonata (Cartenter, 1865)
Marcia pinguis (Schrter, 1788)
Gafrarium spp. (3); Paphia spp. (2);
Common name
Rugose donax
Toothed donax
Coquina donax
En-cross tellin
Goolwa donax
Towsends donax
Faba bean
vbxq bvg
Plate
... 30
Coquina
Operculate sanguine
Bertins sanguine
Elongate gari
Embossed venus clam
Cherry stone
Smooth clam
Beauty amiantis clam
LiMvki Kvb
32
wQjb
Clam
Clam
Solanders sunetta
Bentre clam
Poker-chip clam
Undulating venus
Disk dosinia
Troschels dosinia
Textile venus
Venus clam
Thin cyclinella
Marsh clam
Clam
Short-snouted callista
Clam
43
33
wQjb
34
wQjb
34-35
Family
Mesodesmatidae
Solenidae
Semelidae
Order: Myodia
Pholadidae
Species
Mesodesma aequilatera (Rmer, 1862)
Mesodesma arctatum (Conrad, 1831)
Paphies ventricosa (Gray, 1843)
Caecella chinensis (Deshayes, 1855)
Semele corrugata (Sowerby, 1833)
Semele cordiformis (Holten, 1802)
Semele sinensis (Adams, 1853)
Common name
Clam
Wedge clam
Toheroa clam
Small sand clam
Corrugate semele
Heart-shaped semele
Semele
False angelwing
Campeche angelwing
False angelwing
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Plate
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References:
Abbott RT, Dance SP (2000) Compendium of Seashells. Odyssey Publishing, USA, 424 pp.
Ahmed ATA (1990) Studies on the identity and abundance of molluscan fauna of the Bay of Bengal. Final report, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council (BARC), Dhaka, 118 pp.
Ali S, Aziz KMS (1976) A systematic account of molluscan fauna of the Saint Martins Island. Bangladesh Journal of Zoology 4(2): 2333.
Benkendor- K (2010) Molluscan biological and chemical diversity: secondary metabolites and medicinal resources produced by marine molluscs. Biological Reviews 85(4): 757775.
Coomans HE (I940) The marine molluscs of St. Martin. Lesser Antilles, Collected by H. B. Krebs. Stud. Faura. Aure Cao. 16(1): 38-87.
Hylleberg J, Kilburn RN (2003) Marine Molluscs of Vietnam: annotation, voucher materials and species in need of veri-cation . Tropical Marine Molluscs Programme (TMMP), Phuket Marine
Biological Center Special Publication, 28: 1-300.
Layton KK, Martel AL, Hebert PD (2014) Patterns of DNA Barcode Variation in Canadian Marine Molluscs. PLoS ONE 9(4): e95003.
Paterson GLJ, Ayuthaka C, Kendall MA (2004) A e- ld guide to the c ommon marine ora and fauna of Ranong. European Commission contract THA/b76200/1b/1999/0342, Thailand, 352 pp.
Radulovici AE, Archambault P, Dufresne F (2010) DNA Barcodes for Marine Biodiversity: Moving Fast Forward? Diversity 2(4): 450-472.
Rao SNV, Dey A (2000) Catalogue of Marine Molluscs of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Occ. Paper No., 187: 1-323.
Swennen C, Moolenbeek RG, Ruttanadakul N, HobbelinkH, Dekker H, Hajisamae S (2001) The molluscs of the southern Gulf of Thailand. Thai Studies in Biodiversity, 4: 1-210.
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