NUTEC TECHNOLOGIES NDT, WELDING AND COATING INSPECTION TRAINING INSTITUTE Main ultrasonic parameters and their definition or relationship: Feature Formula Remarks Longitudinal Where (Compression) Ba-v) 7° E = Modulus of elasticity (Young's modul velocity ba FG a) us) (N/m) : p= Mass density [kg/m] se v= Poisson's ratio Transverse 7 Where (shear) r | py | = \@ G = Shear modulus [N/m’] velocity 7 [2p + v). Pp ilm/s]} Frequency Vv Where fey 2 = Wave Length im) V = Velocity ts} 5 [Hz] ‘Acoustic ~ Where impedance aM) Vo = Velocity (m/s) 3 Ike/m?s} p= Density [ke/m*] Near-field a Where Df a el Dr = Transduser diameter [mm] (circular) N= p J = Transduser frequency [Hz] smm] for 2> 10 es V = Sound velocity mm/s} Beam 12V Where divergence- sing =——— @ = Beam divergence angle from angle (circular) oy centerline to point where signal is at half strength Reflection = Where: coefficient pee Z% = Acoustic impedance of Medium 1 Athy Z__ = Acoustic impedance of Medium 2 Transmission 42AT: Where: coefficient T=(-R=G ae R= Reflection coefficient 1 +2; UT Useful Formulas Page 1 of 2Snell's law sin, _ sin@z _ sin@s Mey Yn Vs, ‘the longitudinal wave velocities In the first and second materials respectively the shear wave velocities in the first and second materials, respectively ‘the angles of incident and refracted longitudinal waves, respectively ‘the angles of the converted reflected and refracted shear waves, respectively ‘Amplitude attenuation Initial (unattenuiated) amplitude Attenuation coefficient (48/m) Traveled distance {m) Sound amplitude gain (or loss) in Decibel A = 20 log ; dB] = Amblitude of the first pulse = Amblitude of the second pulse Distance to reflector or ‘Sound velocity (longitudinal or a shear) {m/s} liscontinuity d=5 Time difference [s] (normal or angle beam) Surface Distance & Depth (1* SD = Sound Path x sind. Seface Deter teg) Depth (1° leg) = Sound Path x cos, Surface Distance &Depth (2 SD = Sound Path x sing scott twine Leg) Depth (2"¢ leg) = 27 — (Total Sound Path x cos 8) ‘Skip Distance for ‘weld inspection see ence +} Skip Distance = 27 x tan Og UT Useful Formulas Page 2 of 2