Tema: Mq.

Induccin
Materia: Mq. Elct. II
Unidad 5
I.

Motor de induccin de Jaula de

ardilla polifsico

Autor: Ing.di Prtula, H.R

Fecha: 2001

Modelo parmetros Anlisis de la jaula

Fig. 1 -rotor jaula de ardilla 1.b motor con rotor jaula de ardilla

Fig.2

Motor de induccin de jaula de ardilla polifsico

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Motor de induccin de jaula de ardilla

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Fig.3

Motor de induccin de jaula de ardilla

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II.

Anlisis ampliado del tema enfocado al funcionamiento de la mquina polifsica de induccin.

Podemos mostrar la siguiente figura (con carcter orientativo) con el fin de realizar un anlisis
pormenorizado del funcionamiento de la mquina de induccin con rotor jaula de ardilla:

Motor de induccin de jaula de ardilla

Pag. 4/11

Tensin inducida en cada barra en un instante dado.

Se considera que la corriente est en fase con la
tensin dado que R>>XL

Campo producido por la corriente rotrica

Si utilizamos la velocidad rotrica como marco de

referencia, la FMM giratoria del estator pasa sobre
ella a la velocidad tangencial v = R ( - m), En

segundos despus la distribucin del campo

ser la de esta figura.

Velocidad de la tensin instantnea

La distribucin de corriente, si no se toma en cuenta

la inductancia de las barras.

Ejercicio:

Analysis of a three phase squirell cage induction motor operation

Motor data

p := 4

fm := 60Hz

Pmech := 500W

Pm := 20hp

Vm := 460V

R1 := 0.28

X1 := i 0.6

Motor de induccin de jaula de ardilla

Pag. 5/11

R2 := 0.2

Xm := i 200

X2 := X1

Rm := 800

The motor control regulates the frequancy and amplitude of the motor supply voltage. The
calculation will be verified by calculating typical values. This way the students can verify that
the equations are correct.
The typical voltage,frequency and slip velues are:
f := 60Hz

s := 3%

Vm :=

460
3

rpm :=

1
min

Synchronous speed
f

n synch ( f ) :=

n synch ( f ) = 1800rpm

p
2

Motor speed
n m( f , s ) := n synch ( f ) ( 1 s )

n m( f , s ) = 1746rpm

Synchronous cyclic speed

synch ( f ) := 2 n synch ( f )

synch ( f ) = 188.496Hz

m( f , s ) := 2 n m( f , s )

m( f , s ) = 182.841Hz

Rotor impedance
Z2( f , s ) := X2

f
fm

R2

Z2( f , s ) = 6.667 + 0.6i

Magnetizing impedance
Xm
Zmag( f ) :=
Xm

f
fm
f

Rm
Zmag( f ) = 47.059 + 188.235i

+ Rm

fm

Stator impedance
Zs( f ) := R1 + X1

Zs( f ) = 0.28 + 0.6i

fm

Total motor impedance

Zmot( f , s ) := Zs( f ) +

Zmag( f ) Z2( f , s )
Zmag( f ) + Z2( f , s )

Zmot( f , s ) = 6.846 + 1.405i

Motor input current

Imot( Vm , f , s ) :=

Vm
Zmot( f , s )

Motor de induccin de jaula de ardilla

Imot( Vm , f , s ) = 37.226 7.639iA

Pag. 6/11

Rotor current, using the current division equation

I2( Vm , f , s ) := Imot( Vm , f , s )

Zmag( f )

(Z2( f , s ) + Zmag( f ) )

I2( Vm , f , s ) = 37.014 6.361iA

Motor power calculation

Input complex power

Sin( Vm , f , s ) := 3 Vm Imot( Vm , f , s )

Sin( Vm , f , s ) = 29.66 + 6.086ikV A

Imput power
Pin( Vm , f , s ) := Re( Sin( Vm , f , s ) )

Pin( Vm , f , s ) = 29.66kW

Power factor
pfm( Vm , f , s ) := cos ( arg ( Sin( Vm , f , s ) ) )

pfm( Vm , f , s ) = 0.98

Airgap power
Pairgap( Vm , f , s ) := 3 ( I2( Vm , f , s )

)2

R2
s

Pairgap( Vm , f , s ) = 28.209kW

Output power
Pout ( Vm , f , s ) := Pairgap( Vm , f , s ) ( 1 s )

Pout ( Vm , f , s ) = 36.695hp

Efficiency
m( Vm , f , s ) :=

Pout ( Vm , f , s )
Pin( Vm , f , s )

m( Vm , f , s ) = 92.258%

Output torque
Tout ( Vm , f , s ) :=

Pout ( Vm , f , s )
m( f , s )

Tout ( Vm , f , s ) = 149.656N m

Aigap torque
Tairgap( Vm , f , s ) :=

Pairgap( Vm , f , s )
synch ( f )

Tairgap( Vm , f , s ) = 149.656N m

Starting torque. This torque is equal with the airgap torque if s = 1

Tstart ( Vm , f ) := Tairgap( Vm , f , 1)

Tstart ( Vm , f ) = 133.964N m

Starting current is the input current if s=1

Istart ( Vm , f ) := Imot( Vm , f , 1)

Motor de induccin de jaula de ardilla

Istart ( Vm , f ) = 205.815A

Pag. 7/11

Torque speed characteristics at constant voltage and f = 60Hz

s := 0 , 0.001.. 1

Vm = 265.581V

f = 60Hz

400
348.75
297.5

T out Vm , f , s
N m

246.25
195
143.75
92.5
41.25
10

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

nm( f , s )
rpm

.
n1 := 0 , 1 .. 2700

s1 ( n1 , f ) := 1

f1 := 30Hz

n1 rpm
n synch ( f )

f2 := 60Hz

1200
1100
T out Vm , f1 , s1 n1 , f1 1000
900
N m
800
T out Vm , f2 , s1 n1 , f2 700
600
N m
500
T out Vm , f3 , s1 n1 , f3 400
300
N m
200
100
0

))

))

))

300

f3 := 90Hz

600

900

1200

1500

1800

2100

2400

2700

Torque speed characteristics at constant frequency and variable

n1 voltage .

Motor de induccin de jaula de ardilla

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fV:=
60Hz
265.581V
m=
400

T out Vm , f , s

350

300

N m

T out Vm .75 , f , s

250

150

N m

T out Vm 0.5 , f , s

200

100

N m

50
0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

nm( f , s )
rpm

.
n1 := 0 , 1 .. 2700

s1 ( n1 , f ) := 1

f1 := 30Hz

n1 rpm
n synch ( f )

f2 := 60Hz

1200
1100
T out Vm , f1 , s1 n1 , f1 1000
900
N m
800
T out Vm , f2 , s1 n1 , f2 700
600
N m
500
T out Vm , f3 , s1 n1 , f3 400
300
N m
200
100
0

))

))

))

300

f3 := 90Hz

600

900

1200

1500

1800

2100

2400

2700

Torque speed characteristics at constant frequency and variable

n1 voltage .
fV:=
60Hz
265.581V
m=

Motor de induccin de jaula de ardilla

Pag. 9/11

300

600

900

00

500

800

00

00

1600

1800

700

Torque speed characteristics at constant frequency and variable

n1 voltage .
fV:=
60Hz
265.581V
m=
400

T out Vm , f , s

350

300

N m

T out Vm .75 , f , s

250

150

N m

T out Vm 0.5 , f , s

200

100

N m

50
0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

nm( f , s )
rpm

Torque speed characteristics at variable frequency and voltage but constant volt and
frquency ratio .
460 V

s1( n1 , f ) := 1

n1 := ( 0 , 1 .. 2700)

f1 := 30Hz

n1 rpm

Vmo( f ) := f

n synch ( f )

f2 := 60Hz

60Hz

f3 := 90Hz

400

( )

))

350 f = 30Hz
1

))

250

T out Vmo f1 , f1 , s1 n1 , f1
N m

( )

T out Vmo f2 , f2 , s1 n1 , f2
N m

( )

))

T out Vmo f3 , f3 , s1 n1 , f3
N m

300

200

f3 = 90Hz

150

f2 = 60Hz

100
50
0

300

600

900

1200

1500

1800

2100

2400

2700

The motor drives a machine. The desired operation point is defined

n1 by the mechanical torque
and speed. These values are given,
a := 150N m

b :=

300N m a

Motor de induccin de jaula de ardilla

(24002)

Torq ( n1) := a + b n1

Pag. 10/11

400

( )

))

T out Vmo f1 , f1 , s1 n1 , f1
N m

( )

350
300

))

))

T out Vmo f2 , f2 , s1 n1 , f2

250

N m

( )

T out Vmo f3 , f3 , s1 n1 , f3
N m

200
150

Torq ( n1)

100

N m
50
0

300

600

900

1200

1500

1800

2100

2400

2700

n1 give the operation point

The intersection of the machine curve with the motor torque curve

n := 1722

Torq := 80N m

Tmax :=

Pm

Tmax = 82.705N m

2 n rpm
460 V

s 1( n , f ) := 1

n rpm

Vm( f ) := f

n synch ( f )

f := 60Hz

Imax :=

60Hz

Pm
3 Vm 0.8

Imax = 23.398A

Tout ( Vmo( f ) , f , s 1( n , f ) ) = 202.721J

Given
Tout ( Vmo( f ) , f , s 1( n , f ) )

Torq

Freq( n , Torq) = 58.306Hz

Freq( n , Torq) := Find( f )

Vmo( Freq( n , Torq) ) = 258.081V

s 1( n , Freq( n , Torq) ) = 1.553%

Imot( Vmo( Freq( n , Torq) ) , Freq( n , Torq) , s 1( n , Freq( n , Torq) ) ) = 19.89A

n:= (200, 300,...,1400)

140
120
100
Freq( n , 100N m) 80
Freq( n , 300N m)

60
40
20
0
200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

Motor de induccin de jaula de ardilla

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