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Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
1.
2.
3.
Constraints limit the alternatives available to a decision-maker, removing constraints adds viable
alternative solutions.
True False
4.
5.
The feasible solution space only contains points that satisfy all constraints.
True False
6.
7.
8.
Graphical linear programming can handle problems that involve any number of decision variables.
True False
9.
10. The term "iso-profit" line means that all points on the line will yield the same profit.
True False
11. The feasible solution space is the set of all feasible combinations of decision variables as defined by only
binding constraints.
True False
12. The value of an objective function decreases as it is moved away from the origin.
True False
13. A linear programming problem can have multiple optimal solutions.
True False
14. A maximization problem may be characterized by all greater than or equal to constraints.
True False
15. If a single optimal solution exists to a graphical LP problem, it will exist at a corner point.
True False
16. The simplex method is a general-purpose LP algorithm that can be used for solving only problems with
more than six variables.
True False
17. A change in the value of an objective function coefficient does not change the optimal solution.
True False
18. The term "range of optimality" refers to a constraint's right-hand side quantity.
True False
19. A shadow price indicates how much a one-unit decrease/increase in the right-hand side value of a
constraint will decrease/increase the optimal value of the objective function.
True False
20. The term "range of feasibility" refers to coefficients of the objective function.
True False
21. Non-zero slack or surplus is associated with a binding constraint.
True False
22. In the range of feasibility, the value of the shadow price remains constant.
True False
23. Every change in the value of an objective function coefficient will lead to changes in the optimal
solution.
True False
24. Non-binding constraints are not associated with the feasible solution space; i.e., they are redundant and
can be eliminated from the matrix.
True False
25. When a change in the value of an objective function coefficient remains within the range of optimality,
the optimal solution would also remain the same.
True False
26. Using the enumeration approach, optimality is obtained by evaluating every coordinate.
True False
27. The linear optimization technique for allocating constrained resources among different products is:
A. linear regression analysis
B. linear disaggregation
C. linear decomposition
D. linear programming
E. linear tracking analysis
28. Which of the following is not a component of the structure of a linear programming model?
A. Constraints
B. Decision variables
C. Parameters
D. A goal or objective
E. Environmental uncertainty
29. Coordinates of all corner points are substituted into the objective function when we use the approach
called:
A. Least Squares
B. Regression
C. Enumeration
D. Graphical Linear Programming
E. Constraint Assignment
30. Which of the following could not be a linear programming problem constraint?
A. 1A + 2B 3
B. 1A + 2B 3
C. 1A + 2B = 3
D. 1A + 2B + 3C + 4D 5
E. 1 A + 2B
31. For the products A, B, C and D, which of the following could be a linear programming objective
function?
A. Z = 1A + 2B + 3C + 4D
B. Z = 1A + 2BC + 3D
C. Z = 1A + 2AB + 3ABC + 4ABCD
D. Z = 1A + 2B/C + 3D
E. all of the above
32. The logical approach, from beginning to end, for assembling a linear programming model begins
with:
A. identifying the decision variables
B. identifying the objective function
C. specifying the objective function parameters
D. identifying the constraints
E. specifying the constraint parameters
33. The region which satisfies all of the constraints in graphical linear programming is called the:
A. optimum solution space
B. region of optimality
C. lower left hand quadrant
D. region of non-negativity
E. feasible solution space
34. In graphical linear programming the objective function is:
A. linear
B. a family of parallel lines
C. a family of iso-profit lines
D. all of the above
E. none of the above
35. Which objective function has the same slope as this one: $4x + $2y = $20?
A. $4x + $2y = $10
B. $2x + $4y = $20
C. $2x - $4y = $20
D. $4x - $2y = $20
E. $8x + $8y = $20
36. For the constraints given below, which point is in the feasible solution space of this maximization
problem?
A. x = 1, y = 5
B. x = -1, y = 1
C. x = 4, y = 4
D. x = 2, y = 1
E. x = 2, y = 8
37.
38.
Which of the choices below constitutes a simultaneous solution to these equations?
A. x = 1, y = 1.5
B. x = .5, y = 2
C. x = 0, y = 3
D. x = 2, y = 0
E. x = 0, y = 0
39.
What combination of x and y will yield the optimum for this problem?
A. x = 2, y = 0
B. x = 0, y = 0
C. x = 0, y = 3
D. x = 1, y = 5
E. none of the above
40. In graphical linear programming, when the objective function is parallel to one of the binding constraints,
then:
A. the solution is sub-optimal
B. multiple optimal solutions exist
C. a single corner point solution exists
D. no feasible solution exists
E. the constraint must be changed or eliminated
41. For the constraints given below, which point is in the feasible solution space of this minimization
problem?
A. x = 0.5, y = 5.0
B. x = 0.0, y = 4.0
C. x = 2.0, y = 5.0
D. x = 1.0, y = 2.0
E. x = 2.0, y = 1.0
42.
What combination of x and y will provide a minimum for this problem?
A. x = 0, y = 0
B. x = 0, y = 3
C. x = 0, y = 5
D. x = 1, y = 2.5
E. x = 6, y = 0
43. The theoretical limit on the number of decision variables that can be handled by the simplex method in a
single problem is:
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. unlimited
44. The theoretical limit on the number of constraints that can be handled by the simplex method in a single
problem is:
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. unlimited
45. A shadow price reflects which of the following in a maximization problem?
A. marginal cost of adding additional resources
B. marginal gain in the objective that would be realized by adding one unit of a resource
C. net gain in the objective that would be realized by adding one unit of a resource
D. marginal gain in the objective that would be realized by subtracting one unit of a resource
E. expected value of perfect information
46. In linear programming, a non-zero reduced cost is associated with a:
A. decision variable in the solution
B. decision variable not in the solution
C. constraint for which there is slack
D. constraint for which there is surplus
E. constraint for which there is no slack or surplus
47. A constraint that does not form a unique boundary of the feasible solution space is a:
A. redundant constraint
B. binding constraint
C. non-binding constraint
D. feasible solution constraint
E. constraint that equals zero
48. In linear programming, sensitivity analysis is associated with:
(I) objective function coefficient
(II) right-hand side values of constraints
(III) constraint coefficient
A. I and II
B. II and III
C. I, II and III
D. I and III
E. none of the above
49.
Consider the following linear programming problem:
Solve the values of x and y that will maximize revenue. What revenue will result?
50. A manager must decide on the mix of products to produce for the coming week. Product A requires three
minutes per unit for molding, two minutes per unit for painting, and one minute per unit for packing.
Product B requires two minutes per unit for molding, four minutes per unit for painting, and three minutes
per unit for packing. There will be 600 minutes available for molding, 600 minutes for painting, and 420
minutes for packing. Both products have profits of $1.50 per unit.
(A) What combination of A and B will maximize profit?
(B) What is the maximum possible profit?
(C) How much of each resource will be unused for your solution?
51.
52.
53.
Consider the linear programming problem below:
Determine the optimum amounts of x and y in terms of cost minimization. What is the minimum cost?
54. A small firm makes three products, which all follow the same three step process, which consists of
milling, inspection, and drilling. Product A requires 6 minutes of milling, 5 minutes of inspection, and 4
minutes of drilling; product B requires 2.5 minutes of milling, 2 minutes of inspection, and 2 minutes of
drilling; and product C requires 5 minutes of milling, 4 minutes of inspection, and 8 minutes of drilling.
The department has 20 hours available during the next period for milling, 15 hours for inspection, and 24
hours for drilling. Product A contributes $6.00 per unit to profit, product B contributes $4.00 per unit, and
product C contributes $10.00 per unit.
Use the following computer output to find the optimum mix of products in terms of maximizing
contributions to profits for the next period.
PROBLEM TITLE: LINEAR PROGRAMMING
PROBLEM IS A MAX WITH 3 VARIABLES AND 3 CONSTRAINTS.
NUMBER OF ITERATIONS: 2
OPTIMAL SOLUTION:
OBJECTIVE FUNCTION VALUE =2,070
DECISION VARIABLE SECTION:
The production planner for Fine Coffees, Inc. produces two coffee blends: American (A) and British (B).
Two of his resources are constrained: Columbia beans, of which he can get at most 300 pounds (4,800
ounces) per week; and Dominican beans, of which he can get at most 200 pounds (3,200 ounces) per
week. Each pound of American blend coffee requires 12 ounces of Colombian beans and 4 ounces of
Dominican beans, while a pound of British blend coffee uses 8 ounces of each type of bean. Profits for
the American blend are $2.00 per pound, and profits for the British blend are $1.00 per pound.
55. What is the objective function?
A. $1 A + $2 B = Z
B. $12 A + $8 B = Z
C. $2 A + $1 B = Z
D. $8 A + $12 B = Z
E. $4 A + $8 B = Z
75. For the production combination of 1,400 A-100's and 900 B-200's which resource is "slack" (not fully
used)?
A. circuit boards (only)
B. assembly time (only)
C. both circuit boards and assembly time
D. neither circuit boards nor assembly time
E. cannot be determined exactly
A local bagel shop produces two products: bagels (B) and croissants (C). Each bagel requires 6 ounces of
flour, 1 gram of yeast, and 2 tablespoons of sugar. A croissant requires 3 ounces of flour, 1 gram of yeast,
and 4 tablespoons of sugar. The company has 6,600 ounces of flour, 1,400 grams of yeast, and 4,800
tablespoons of sugar available for today's production run. Bagel profits are 20 cents each, and croissant
profits are 30 cents each.
76. What is the objective function?
A. $0.30 B + $0.20 C = Z
B. $0.60 B + $0.30 C = Z
C. $0.20 B + $0.30 C = Z
D. $0.20 B + $0.40 C = Z
E. $0.10 B + $0.10 C = Z
77. What is the sugar constraint (in tablespoons)?
A. 6 B + 3 C 4,800
B. 1 B + 1 C 4,800
C. 2 B + 4 C 4,800
D. 4 B + 2 C 4,800
E. 2 B + 3 C 4,800
78. Which of the following is not a feasible production combination?
A. 0 B & 0 C
B. 0 B & 1,100 C
C. 800 B & 600 C
D. 1,100 B & 0 C
E. 0 B & 1,400 C
79. What are optimal profits for today's production run?
A. $580
B. $340
C. $220
D. $380
E. $420
80. For the production combination of 600 bagels and 800 croissants, which resource is "slack" (not fully
used)?
A. flour (only)
B. sugar (only)
C. flour and yeast
D. flour and sugar
E. yeast and sugar
The owner of Crackers, Inc. produces two kinds of crackers: Deluxe (D) and Classic (C). She has a
limited amount of the three ingredients used to produce these crackers available for her next production
run: 4,800 ounces of sugar; 9,600 ounces of flour, and 2,000 ounces of salt. A box of Deluxe crackers
requires 2 ounces of sugar, 6 ounces of flour, and 1 ounce of salt to produce; while a box of Classic
crackers requires 3 ounces of sugar, 8 ounces of flour, and 2 ounces of salt. Profits for a box of Deluxe
crackers are $0.40; and for a box of Classic crackers, $0.50.
A company produces two products (A and B) using three resources (I, II, and III). Each product A
requires 1 unit of resource I and 3 units of resource II; and has a profit of $1. Each product B requires 2
units of resource I, 3 units of resource II, and 4 units of resource III; and has a profit of $3. Resource I is
constrained to 40 units maximum per day; resource II, 90 units; and resource III, 60 units.
92. What is the objective function?
96. What are the corner points of the feasible solution space?
100.What is the slack (unused amount) for each resource for the optimum production combination?
101.A novice linear programmer is dealing with a three decision-variable problem. To compare the
attractiveness of various feasible decision-variable combinations, values of the objective function at
corners are calculated. This is an example of _________.
A. empiritation
B. explicitation
C. evaluation
D. enumeration
E. elicitation
102.When we use less of a resource than was available, in linear programming that resource would be called
non- __________.
A. binding
B. feasible
C. reduced cost
D. linear
E. enumerated
103.Once we go beyond two decision variables, typically the ___________ method of linear programming
must be used.
A. simplicit
B. unidimensional
C. simplex
D. dynamic
E. exponential
104._________________ is a means of assessing the impact of changing parameters in a linear programming
model.
A. simulplex
B. simplex
C. slack
D. surplus
E. sensitivity
105.It has been determined that, with respect to resource X, a one-unit increase in availability of X would lead
to a $3.50 increase in the value of the objective function. This value would be X's _______.
A. range of optimality
B. shadow price
C. range of feasibility
D. slack
E. surplus
ch19 Key
1. FALSE
2. TRUE
3. TRUE
4. FALSE
5. TRUE
6. TRUE
7. FALSE
8. FALSE
9. TRUE
10. TRUE
11. FALSE
12. FALSE
13. TRUE
14. FALSE
15. TRUE
16. FALSE
17. FALSE
18. TRUE
19. TRUE
20. FALSE
21. FALSE
22. TRUE
23. FALSE
24. FALSE
25. TRUE
26. FALSE
27. D
28. E
29. C
30. E
31. A
32. A
33. E
34. D
35. A
36. D
37. C
38. D
39. C
40. B
41. C
42. E
43. E
44. E
45. B
46. B
47. A
48. C
Feedback: Use the graphical approach to linear programming.
49. x = 0, y = 8, Revenue = $160
50.
51.
52.
53.
55. C
56. B
57. C
58. E
59. D
60. A
61. C
62. B
63. E
64. C
65. A
66. C
67. A
68. E
69. B
70. C
71. C
72. B
73. E
74. A
75. A
76. C
77. C
78. E
79. B
80. D
81. C
82. A
83. E
84. C
85. A
86. C
87. E
88. B
89. D
90. A
Feedback: Put the details of the situation into the usual linear programming format.
Finishing) 1W + (1/2)B +(3/2)S 40 hours
Saw) (1/2)W + (1/4)B + (1/4)S 36 hours
(D) Oak) 4W + 2B + 3S 600 board feet
(C) Maximize Z = 12W + 7B + 8S.
(B) The management can decide how many wall shelves, bookends, and shadow boxes to produce each week. We suggest using W, B, and S.
91. (A) Since the problem contains information about the selling price, it will involve maximization.
Feedback: Enter these values into the constraint equations and verify that no constraints are violated.
97. Yes
Feedback: When these values are entered into the constrain equations, at least one constraint is violated.
98. No
Feedback: Enter the values for the decision variables into the constraint equations.
100. S(I)= 0; S(II)= 15; S(III)= 0
101. D
102. A
103. C
104. E
105. B
ch19 Summary
Category
AACSB: Analytic
AACSB: Reflective Thinking
Blooms: Apply
Blooms: Remember
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Difficulty: Hard
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: 19-01 Describe the type of problem that would lend itself to solution using linear programming.
Learning Objective: 19-02 Formulate a linear programming model from a description of a problem.
Learning Objective: 19-03 Solve simple linear programming problems using the graphical method.
Learning Objective: 19-04 Interpret computer solutions of linear programming problems.
Learning Objective: 19-05 Do sensitivity analysis on the solution of a linear programming problem.
Stevenson - Chapter 19
Topic Area: Computer Solutions
Topic Area: Graphical Linear Programming
Topic Area: Introduction
Topic Area: Linear Programming Models
Topic Area: Sensitivity Analysis
Topic Area: The Simplex Method
# of Questions
58
47
58
40
7
13
9
83
13
26
52
3
12
113
1
53
2
33
12
4