Apuntes Matemáticas Especiales

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19.3 Dadas las siguientes funciones f ( x ) =
x
y g ( x ) = x 2 + 2 x se verifica:
x +1
2x
3x 2 + 2 x
x2
x
x
g D f ( x) =
+
=
+ 2
=
x + 1
x + 1 ( x + 1) 2 x + 1 ( x + 1) 2
28.5 Dadas las siguientes funciones g ( x ) =
1
x
y f ( x ) = x 2 se verifica:
x +1
1
1
2
2
x2
1
1
g D f ( x) = g 2 = x
= x 2 = 2
=
4
1
x
1+ x
x +x
1+ x2
+
1
x2
x2
18.6 si f : Z Z es la aplicacin tal que f ( z ) = 2 z 2 8 , entonces f
f ( z) = 2 z 2 8 y = 2 z 2 8 z =
{0} = 2
f 1 {8} = 0
f
y+8
y=
2
({0,8}) es igual a:
z+8
2
34.9 Sea f : R {5} R {1} la funcin definida por f ( x ) =
x+3
, entonces:
x5
x+3
( x + 3) = y ( x 5) x = y ( x 5) 3 x = xy 5 y 3
x5
5y + 3
5x + 3
x xy = 5 y 3 x (1 y ) = 5 y 3 x =
f 1 ( x ) =
y 1
x 1
y=
34.9 Sea f : R {4} R {1} la funcin definida por f ( x ) =
x+4
, entonces:
x4
x+4
y ( x 4) = ( x + 4) xy 4 y = ( x + 4) xy x = 4 y + 4
x4
4y + 4
4x + 4
x( y 1) = 4 y + 4 x =
f 1 ( x) =
y 1
x 1
y=
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PERMUTACIONES fecha (07/11/2001)

Sea A un conjunto finito formado por n elementos, una permutacin de A es una lista ordenada
formada por los n elementos de A. Dos permutaciones de A difieren en la colocacin de al menos uno de los
elementos.
P ( n) = n !
PERMUTACIONES CON REPETICIN

Sea A un conjunto finito con k elementos (k > 0), una permutacin con repeticin de m elementos
de A, es una lista en la que el elemento a1 se repite mk veces. Dos listas son distintas si difieren en el orden
de sus elementos.
PRnr =
r!
n1 !+ n2 !... nk !
COMBINACIONES
Sea A un conjunto finito formado por n elementos (n > 0) y r un nmero natural r # n, una
combinacin de orden r de A es una lista de elementos de A distintos dos a dos. Diremos que dos
combinaciones son diferentes si algn elemento de una lista no se encuentra en la otra.
n
n!
C ( n, r ) = =
r r ! (n r )!
COMBINACIONES CON REPETICIN

Sea A un conjunto finito formado por n elementos (n > 0) y r un nmero natural r # n, una
combinacin con repeticin de orden r de A es una lista de elementos de A en donde los elementos pueden
repetirse. Diremos que dos combinaciones con repeticin son diferentes si algn elemento de una de las dos
listas no se encuentra en la otra.
n + r 1
CR (n, r ) =
NMEROS COMBINATORIOS
n V
n!
Cnr = = nr =
r Pr r ! (n r )!
ejemplo:
6
6!
= 15
=
4 4! 2!
-16-
BINOMIO DE NEWTON
( x + y ) 2 = x 2 + 2 xy + y 2
2
2
2
( x + y ) 2 = x 2 + xy + y 2 = x 2 + 2 xy + y 2
0
1
2
( x + y ) 3 = x 3 + 3x 2 y + 3xy 2 + y 3
3
3
3
3
( x + y )3 = x3 + x 2 y + xy 2 + y 3 = x3 + 3 x 2 y + 3 xy 2 + y 3
0
1
2
3
( x + y ) 4 = x 4 + 4 x 3 y + 6 x 2 y 2 + 4 xy 3 + y 4
4
4
4
4
4
( x + y ) 4 = x 4 + x 3 y + x 2 y 2 + xy 3 + y 4 =
0
1
2
3
4
= x 4 + 4 x3 y + 6 x 2 y 2 + 4 xy 3 + y 4
ejercicios:
11.a.b Calcular n de forma que se verifique:
Vn ,4 = 30 Cn ,5
n (n 1) (n 2) (n 3)
n (n 1) (n 2) (n 3) (n 4)
= 30
1
5!
5! = 30 (n 4)
120 = 30n 120

n=
240
=8
30
15.2 Queremos conocer cuantos nmeros existen entre el 4.000 y el 5.000 y que estn formados con
las cifras 0,1,2,3,4,5,6, sin repetir ninguna.
V (11
, ) V (6,3) =
1! 6!
= 1 120 = 120
1! 3!
18.2 Con las cifras 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, formamos nmeros de 5 cifras, cuantos nmeros empizan por
73.
VR(10,3) V (11
, ) V (11
, ) = 10 3 1 1 = 1000
20.9 Con las cifras 1,2,3,4,5,6 formamos nmeros de cuatro cifras, cuantos nmeros son mltiplos
de 5.
VR(6,3) V (11
, ) = 6 3 1 = 216
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TEMA 20 FUNCIONES
Llamaremos funcin a toda regla que asigna a cada elemento de un conjunto A llamado DOMINIO
un elemento de otro conjunto B al que llamaremos RECORRIDO.
f
ejemplo:

x x2
1 1
2 4
3 9
En la prctica representamos los elementos del dominio por la letra x, llamada variable
independiente y los elementos de recorrido por la letra y llamada variable dependiente.
As como componemos aplicaciones, tambin podemos componer funciones.
COMPOSICIN DE FUNCIONES
g D f ( x ) = g ( f ( x ))
f ( x) = x 2 , g ( x) = x + 1
( g D f )( x ) = g ( x 2 ) = x 2 + 1
( f D g )( x ) = f ( x + 1) = x 2 + 2 x + 1
La composicin de funciones no es conmutativa.
36.4 Sean f : y g: dos aplicaciones definidas por f ( x ) = 2 x 1 y
g ( x ) = 3x 2 , entonces:
2
f ( g ( x )) = f (3x 2) = 2(3x 2) 2 1 = 2(9 x 2 12 x + 4) 1 = 18 x 2 24 x + 7

g ( f ( x )) = g (18 x 2 24 x + 7) = 3(18 x 2 24 x + 7) 2 = 54 x 2 72 x + 19
1
x
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x
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1
x2
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x2
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28.5 Dadas las funciones g ( x ) =
-76-
25.5 Dadas las funciones reales de variable real f ( x ) = x 2 + 1 y g ( x ) = 3x + 5 se tiene que:
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24.7 Dadas las funciones reales de variable real f ( x ) = x 2 + 1 y g ( x ) = 3x 2 se tiene que:
f D g ( x ) = f (3x 2) = (3x 2) 2 + 1 = 9 x 2 12 x + 4 + 1 = 9 x 2 12 x + 5
19.3 Dadas las funciones f ( x ) =
x
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x+1
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2
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x x
x x
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+
=
x + 1 x + 1
x + 1 ( x + 1) 2 x + 1
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TEMA 24 DERIVADAS
fecha (25/3/2002)
=
Diremos que una funcin f(x) es derivada en el punto a si existe el lmite: lim
xa
lim =
xa
f ( x) f (a )
.
xa
f ( x) f (a)
= f ( a )
xa
y = f(x)
f(x) - f(a) variacin de f desde a hasta x
f(a)
x-a
f(x)
ejemplo: f(x) = constante k siempre vale 0.
lim =
xa
f ( x) f (a)
k k
0
= lim =
= lim =
=0
xa
x a xa x a
xa
NOTACIN:
f (a ) = lim =
xa
lim =
x 0
f ( x) f (a)
xa
f ( a + h) f ( a )
h
h
a
-106-
x=a+h
x
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3 INTEGRACIN DE FUNCIONES RACIONALES

fecha(13/05/2002)
P( x )
2x
+1
Q( x )
1 Mirar si es del tipo:
u
u
2x
= log( x 2 + 1) + k
2
x +1
Recordemos que toda funcin racional se poda descomponer en fracciones simples. Si el grado del
numerador es mayor o igual al grado del denominador, primeramente efectuamos la divisin
1
2
x 1
x2 1= 0
x=1
x+1
x1
( x 2 1) = ( x 1) ( x + 1)
A
B
A( x + 1) + B( x 1)
1
=
+
=
( x 1)( x + 1)
x 1 x1 x+1
2
A( x + 1) + B( x 1) = 1
x = 1, 2 A = 1 A =
1
2
x = 1, -2 B = 1 B =
1
2 1
1
1
2
2
x2 + 1 = x 1 + x + 1 =
1
1
1
1
1
1
=

= log( x 1) log( x + 1) + k
2 x1 2 x+1 2
2
Cuando las races del denominador sean races reales distintas, entontes las integrales sern log.
29.6 Resolver la siguiente integral:
19 x + 31
2
+ 5x + 6
x 2 + 5x + 6 = ( x + 2) ( x + 3)
19 x + 31
A
B
A( x + 3) + B( x + 2)
=
+
=
2
( x + 2) ( x + 3)
x + 5x + 6 ( x + 2) ( x + 3)
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DERIVADAS DE LAS FUNCIONES MS USUALES

FUNCIONES
y = k , k cte.
DERIVADAS
FUNCIONES
y=x
y' = 0
y' = 1
y = arc sen x
y=u+v
y ' = u' + v '
y = arc sen u
y = uv
u
y=
v
y = xn , n
y = un
y=n x
y ' = u' v + v ' u

u' v v ' u
y' =
v2
y = arccos x
y' = n x n 1
y ' = n u n 1 u'
1
y' =
n n x n 1
y = arc cos u
y = Ln x
y' =
y = Ln u
y' =
1
x
y = sec x
1
u'
u
1
y ' = log a e
x
1
y ' = u' log a e
u
y' = e x
y ' = e u u'
y ' = a x Ln a
y ' = a u u' Ln a
y ' = cos x
y ' = cos u u'
y ' = sen x
y ' = sen u u'
1
y' =
= 1 + tg 2 x
cos2 x
1
y' =
u'
cos2 u
1
y' =
sen 2 x
1
y' =
u'
sen 2 u
y ' = sec x tg x
y = sec u
y ' = sec u tg u u'
y = log a x
y = log a u
y = ex
y = eu
y = ax
y = au
y = sen x
y = sen u
y = cos x
y = cos u
y = tg x
y = tg u
y = co tg x
y = co tg u
u'
1
1 x
y = Ch x
y ' = Sh x
y = Ch u
y ' = Sh u u'
y = Th x
y' =
y = Th u
y = Arg Ch x
y = Arg Ch u
y = Arg Sh x
y = Arg Sh u
y ' = cosec u cotg u u'
1 u
y ' = Ch u u'
y = arccotg u
y = cosec u
y' =
y = Sh u
y = arc cotg x
y ' = cosec x cotg x
y' =
1 x2
y = Sh x
y = arc tg u
y = cosec x
y' =
DERIVADAS
1
u'
2
1 u
1
y' =
1 + x2
1
y' =
u'
2
1+ u
1
y' =
1 + x2
1
u'
y' =
2
1+ u
y ' = Ch x
y = arc tg x
y=n u
y' =
INTEGRALES INMEDIATAS
y = Arg Th x
y = Arg Th u
u u ( x) y v v ( x)
1
2
Ch x
1
y' =
u'
Ch 2 u
1
y' =
x2 1
1
y' =
u'
2
u 1
1
y' =
x2 + 1
1
y' =
u'
u2 + 1
1
y' =
1 x2
1
y' =
u'
1 u2
FORMA SIMPLE
dx = x + C
x dx = nx + 1 + C ( n 1)
1x dx = Ln x + C
e dx = e + C
a dx = Ln1 a a + C
sen x dx = cos x + C
cos x dx = sen x + C
cos1 x dx = tg x + C
sen1 x dx = cotg x + C
11 x dx = arc sen x + C
1 +1x dx = arc tg x + C
Sh x dx = Ch x + C
Ch x dx = Sh x + C
11+ x dx = Arg Sh x + C
x1 1 dx = Arg Ch x + C
1 1x dx = Arg Th x + C
n +1
FORMA COMPUESTA
f ' ( x) dx = f ( x) + C
[ f ( x)]
+C
n+1
ff ' (( xx)) dx = Ln f ( x) + C
e f ' ( x) dx = e + C
a f ' ( x) dx = aLn a + C
sen [ f ( x)] f ' ( x) dx = cos f ( x) + C
[ f ( x)]
f ' ( x ) dx =
f ( x)
n +1
f ( x)
f ( x)
f ( x)
cos [ f ( x)] f ' ( x) dx = sen f ( x) + C
cosf ' (fx() x) dx = tg f ( x) + C

senf ' (fx() x) dx = cotg f ( x) + C
1 f '[(fx()x)] dx = arc sen f ( x) + C
( )
[ (( )) ]
2
f' x
1+ f x
dx = arc tg f x + C
Sh [ f ( x)] f ' ( x) dx = Ch f ( x) + C
Ch [ f ( x)] f ' ( x) dx = Sh f ( x) + C
f ' ( x)
1 + [ f ( x)]
f ' ( x)
dx = Arg Sh [ f ( x ) ] + C
[ f ( x)] 1 dx = Arg Ch [ f ( x)] + C

1 f[ 'f((xx))] dx = Arg Th [ f ( x)] + C
2
FORMULARIO DE
CLCULO DIFERENCIAL
VER.3.3
E INTEGRAL
Por Jess Rub M.
http://mx.geocities.com/estadisticapapers/
( a + b ) ( a 2 ab + b2 ) = a 3 + b3
( a + b ) ( a 4 a3b + a 2b 2 ab3 + b 4 ) = a5 + b5
0
30
k +1
( a + b ) ( 1) a n k b k 1 = a n + b n 2n 1
k =1
SUMAS Y PRODUCTOS
45
a1 + a2 +
VALOR ABSOLUTO
c = nc
a a y a a
k =1
= c ak
+ bk ) = ak + bk
(a
k =1
= ak
(a
k =1
k =1
n
k =1
k =1
log a N = x a x = N
1+ 3 + 5 +
k =1
ak
k =1
EXPONENTES
a p a q = a p+q
ap
= a pq
aq
(a )
p q
(a b)
=a
p
pq
= a p bp
ap
a
= p
b
b
q
a p/q = a p
log a MN = log a M + log a N
log a N =
k =1
y = cos x
y [ 0, ]
y = tg x
-1

,
2 2
y 0,
cos ( + 2 ) = cos
tg ( + 2 ) = tg
sen ( + ) = sen
-0.5
cos ( + ) = cos
tg ( + ) = tg
sen x
cos x
tg x
-6
-4
-2
Grfica 2. Las funciones trigonomtricas csc x, sec x,

ctg x.
2.5
tg ( + n ) = tg
sen ( n ) = 0
tg ( n ) = 0
n
2n + 1
sen
= ( 1)
2
2n + 1
cos
=0
2
0
-0.5
-1
-1.5
csc x
sec x
ctg x
-6
-4
-2
Grfica 3. Las funciones trigonomtricas inversas

arc sen x, arc cos x, arc tg x.
2n + 1
tg
=
2
sen = cos
2
cos = sen +
2
sen ( ) = sen cos cos sen
cos ( ) = cos cos sen sen

tg tg
tg ( ) =
1 tg tg
sen 2 = 2sen cos
-1
arc sen x
arc cos x
arc tg x
CO
-2
-3
cos ( + n ) = ( 1) cos
n
cos ( n ) = ( 1)
0.5
-2.5
-8
sen ( + n ) = ( 1) sen
n
CA
sen + cos 2 = 1
1 + ctg 2 = csc 2
sen ( + 2 ) = sen
-2
-1
IDENTIDADES TRIGONOMTRICAS
HIP
arc ctg x
arc sec x
arc csc x
-2
-5
-2
-8
radianes=180
senh x =
1
1
-1.5
1
csc =
sen
1
sec =
cos
1
ctg =
tg
FUNCIONES HIPERBLICAS
tg ( ) = tg
1.5
TRIGONOMETRA
CO
sen =
HIP
CA
cos =
HIP
sen CO
=
tg =
cos CA
cos ( ) = cos
-1
+ ( 2n 1) = n 2
tg 2 + 1 = sec 2
sen ( ) = sen
1
1
( + ) cos ( )
2
2
1
1
sen sen = 2sen ( ) cos ( + )
2
2
1
1
cos + cos = 2 cos ( + ) cos ( )
2
2
1
1
cos cos = 2 sen ( + ) sen ( )
2
2
sen ( )
tg tg =
cos cos
1
sen cos = sen ( ) + sen ( + )
2
1
sen sen = cos ( ) cos ( + )
2
1
cos cos = cos ( ) + cos ( + )
2
tg + tg
tg tg =
ctg + ctg

y ,
2 2
-2
( a + b ) ( a b ) = a2 b2
2
( a + b ) ( a + b ) = ( a + b ) = a 2 + 2ab + b 2
2
( a b ) ( a b ) = ( a b ) = a 2 2ab + b 2
( x + b ) ( x + d ) = x 2 + ( b + d ) x + bd
( ax + b ) ( cx + d ) = acx 2 + ( ad + bc ) x + bd
( a + b ) ( c + d ) = ac + ad + bc + bd
3
( a + b ) = a 3 + 3a 2b + 3ab 2 + b3
3
( a b ) = a 3 3a 2b + 3ab 2 b3
2
( a + b + c ) = a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 2ab + 2ac + 2bc
a
a
(
) ( 2 + ab + b 2 ) = a 3 b3
( a b ) ( a 3 + a 2b + ab 2 + b3 ) = a 4 b 4
( a b ) ( a 4 + a 3b + a 2b 2 + ab3 + b 4 ) = a 5 b5
Grfica 4. Las funciones trigonomtricas inversas

arc ctg x, arc sec x, arc csc x.
k =1
a ( c + d ) = ac + ad
( a b ) a n k b k 1 = a n b n
3
2
2
0.5
n
n!
, kn
=
k ( n k )!k !
n
n

n
( x + y ) = x n k y k
k =0 k
log10 N = log N y log e N = ln N

ALGUNOS PRODUCTOS
csc
1.5
logb N ln N
=
logb a ln a
3
1
1
3
sec
1
n! = k
M
= log a M log a N
log a
N
log a M r = r log a M
ctg
1
y = sec x = cos
y [ 0, ]
x
1

y = csc x = sen
y ,
x
2 2
Grfica 1. Las funciones trigonomtricas: sen x,
cos x, tg x;.
ak 1 ) = an a0
LOGARITMOS
90
3 2 1
1
y = ctg x = tg
x
k =1
n
a + ( k 1) d = 2a + ( n 1) d
2
k =1
n
= (a + l)
2
n
1 r n a rl
=
ar k 1 = a
1 r
1 r
k =1
n
1
k = ( n2 + n )
2
k =1
n
1
2
=
k
( 2n3 + 3n2 + n )
6
k =1
n
1
k 3 = ( n 4 + 2 n3 + n 2 )
4
k =1
n
1
k 4 = ( 6n5 + 15n 4 + 10n3 n )
30
k =1
a+b a + b
60
tg
0
cos
1
2 1 2
3 2 12
0
1
y = sen x
ca
k =1
k =1
a 0y a =0 a=0
k =1
+ an = ak
a si a 0
a =
a si a < 0
a = a
ab = a b
sen
0
12
cos 2 = cos 2 sen 2

2 tg
tg 2 =
1 tg 2
1
sen 2 = (1 cos 2 )
2
1
cos 2 = (1 + cos 2 )
2
1 cos 2
tg 2 =
1 + cos 2
sen + sen = 2sen
e x e x
2
e x + e x
cosh x =
2
senh x e x e x
tgh x =
=
cosh x e x + e x
1
e x + e x
ctgh x =
=
tgh x e x e x
1
2
sech x =
=
cosh x e x + e x
1
2
csch x =
=
senh x e x e x
senh :
cosh :
[1,
1,1
tgh :
ctgh :
{0} , 1 1,
sech :
0,1]
csch : {0} {0}

Grfica 5. Las funciones hiperblicas senh x, cosh x,
tgh x.
5
4
3
2
1
0
-1
-2
senh x
cosh x
tgh x
-3
-4
-5
FUNCS HIPERBLICAS INVERSAS
(
(
)
)
senh 1 x = ln x + x 2 + 1 , x
cosh 1 x = ln x x 2 1 , x 1
tgh 1 x =
1 1+ x
ln
,
2 1 x
1 x +1
ctgh 1 x = ln
,
2 x 1
x <1
x >1
1 1 x2
sech 1 x = ln
, 0 < x 1
1
x +1
1
csch x = ln +
, x 0
x
x
IDENTIDADES DE FUNCS HIP

cosh 2 x senh 2 x = 1
1 tgh x = sech x
2
ctgh 2 x 1 = csch x
senh ( x ) = senh x
cosh ( x ) = cosh x
tgh ( x ) = tgh x
senh ( x y ) = senh x cosh y cosh x senh y

cosh ( x y ) = cosh x cosh y senh x senh y
tgh x tgh y
1 tgh x tgh y
senh 2 x = 2senh x cosh x
tgh ( x y ) =
cosh 2 x = cosh 2 x + senh 2 x

2 tgh x
tgh 2 x =
1 + tgh 2 x
1
senh 2 x = ( cosh 2 x 1)
2
1
cosh 2 x = ( cosh 2 x + 1)
2
cosh 2 x 1
tgh 2 x =
cosh 2 x + 1
senh 2 x
tgh x =
cosh 2 x + 1
OTRAS
Ax 2 + Bx + C = 0
B B 2 4 AC
2A
B 2 4 AC = discriminante
x=
LMITES
1
lim (1 + x ) x = e = 2.71828...
x 0
1
lim 1 + = e
x
x
sen x
lim
=1
x 0
x
1 cos x
lim
=0
x 0
x
x
e 1
lim
=1
x 0
x
x 1
=1
lim
x 1 ln x
DERIVADAS
f ( x + x ) f ( x )
df
y
Dx f ( x ) =
= lim
= lim
x 0 x
dx x 0
x
d
(c) = 0
dx
d
( cx ) = c
dx
d
( cxn ) = ncxn1
dx
d
du dv dw
(u v w ) =
dx
dx dx dx
d
du
( cu ) = c
dx
dx
d
dv
du
( uv ) = u + v
dx
dx
dx
d
dw
dv
du
( uvw ) = uv + uw + vw
dx
dx
dx
dx
d u v ( du dx ) u ( dv dx )
=

dx v
v2
d n
n 1 du
( u ) = nu dx
dx
dF dF du
(Regla de la Cadena)
=
dx du dx
1
du
=
dx dx du
dF dF du
=
dx dx du
x = f1 ( t )
dy dy dt f 2 ( t )
donde
=
=
dx dx dt
f1( t )
y = f 2 ( t )
DERIVADA DE FUNCS LOG & EXP
d
du dx 1 du
=
( ln u ) =
dx
u
u dx
d
log e du
( log u ) =
dx
u dx
log e du
d
( log a u ) = a a > 0, a 1
dx
u
dx
d u
du
e ) = eu
(
dx
dx
d u
du
a ) = a u ln a
(
dx
dx
d v
du
dv
+ ln u u v
u ) = vu v 1
(
dx
dx
dx
DERIVADA DE FUNCIONES TRIGO
d
du
( sen u ) = cos u
dx
dx
d
du
( cos u ) = sen u
dx
dx
d
du
( tg u ) = sec2 u
dx
dx
d
du
( ctg u ) = csc2 u
dx
dx
d
du
( sec u ) = sec u tg u
dx
dx
d
du
( csc u ) = csc u ctg u
dx
dx
d
du
( vers u ) = sen u
dx
dx
DERIV DE FUNCS TRIGO INVER
1
d
du
( sen u ) =
dx
1 u 2 dx
1
d
du
( cos u ) =
dx
1 u 2 dx
1 du
d
( tg u ) =
1 + u 2 dx
dx
1 du
d
( ctg u ) = 2
1 + u dx
dx
1
d
du + si u > 1

( sec u ) =
dx
u u 2 1 dx si u < 1
1
d
du si u > 1

( csc u ) =
dx
u u 2 1 dx + si u < 1
du
1
d
( vers u ) =
dx
2u u 2 dx
DERIVADA DE FUNCS HIPERBLICAS

d
du
senh u = cosh u
dx
dx
d
du
cosh u = senh u
dx
dx
d
du
tgh u = sech 2 u
dx
dx
d
du
ctgh u = csch 2 u
dx
dx
d
du
sech u = sech u tgh u
dx
dx
d
du
csch u = csch u ctgh u
dx
dx
-1
+
si cosh u > 0
-1
si
cosh
u<0
sech 1 u > 0, u 0,1

1
sech u < 0, u 0,1
m f ( x ) M x [ a, b ] , m, M
b
f ( x ) dx g ( x ) dx
f ( x ) g ( x ) x [ a , b ]
b
sen udu = cos u

cos udu = sen u
sec udu = tg u
csc udu = ctg u
sec u tg udu = sec u
csc u ctg udu = csc u
tg udu = ln cos u = ln sec u
ctg udu = ln sen u
sec udu = ln ( sec u + tg u )
csc udu = ln ( csc u ctg u )
f ( x ) dx f ( x ) dx si a < b
adx =ax
af ( x ) dx = a f ( x ) dx
( u v w ) dx = udx vdx wdx
udv = uv vdu ( Integracin por partes )
n
u n +1
du
= ln u
u
n 1
du
a2 u 2
du
u2 a2
u
a
u
a
= ln u + u 2 a 2
udu =
du
1
u
ln
a a + a2 u 2
1
a
u u 2 a 2 = a cos u
1
u
= sec
a
a
u 2
a2
u
2
2
2
a u du = 2 a u + 2 sen a
u 2
a2
2
2
2
2
2
u a du = 2 u a 2 ln u + u a
u 1
sen 2u
2 4
u 1
2
cos udu = 2 + 4 sen 2u
2
tg udu = tg u u
sen
= sen
= cos
a2 u 2
du
ctg udu = ( ctg u + u )

u sen udu = sen u u cos u
u cos udu = cos u + u sen u
2
e au ( a sen bu b cos bu )
a 2 + b2
eau ( a cos bu + b sen bu )
au
e cos bu du =
a 2 + b2
ALGUNAS SERIES
INTEGRALES DE FUNCS TRIGO INV
sen udu = u sen u + 1 u

cos udu = u cos u 1 u
tg udu = u tg u ln 1 + u
ctg udu = u ctg u + ln 1 + u
sec udu = u sec u ln ( u + u
au
sen bu du =
f ( x ) = f ( x0 ) + f ' ( x0 )( x x0 ) +
= u sec u cosh u
csc udu = u csc u + ln ( u +
u2 1
= u csc u + cosh u
INTEGRALES DE FUNCS HIP
f '' ( x0 )( x x0 )
2!
f ( n) ( x0 )( x x0 )
: Taylor
n!
f '' ( 0 ) x 2
f ( x ) = f ( 0) + f ' ( 0) x +
2!
f ( n) ( 0 ) x n
+ +
: Maclaurin
n!
x 2 x3
xn
ex = 1 + x + + + + +
2! 3!
n!
x3 x5 x7
x 2 n 1
n 1
sen x = x + + + ( 1)
3! 5! 7!
( 2n 1)!
+
senh udu = cosh u

cosh udu = senh u
sech udu = tgh u
csch udu = ctgh u
sech u tgh udu = sech u
csch u ctgh udu = csch u
MAS INTEGRALES
INTEGRALES
u du = n + 1
INTREGRALES DE FRAC
1
du
u
u 2 + a 2 = a tg a
1
u
= ctg
a
a
du
1 ua
2
2
u 2 a 2 = 2a ln u + a ( u > a )
du
1 a+u
2
2
a 2 u 2 = 2a ln a u ( u < a )
INTEGRALES CON
f ( x ) dx = 0
m ( b a ) f ( x ) dx M ( b a )
b
1
= ln tgh u
2
tgh udu = ln cosh u

ctgh udu = ln senh u
sech udu = tg ( senh u )
csch udu = ctgh ( cosh u )
1
1
u
log a udu =ln a ( u ln u u ) = ln a ( ln u 1)
u2
u log a udu = 4 ( 2 log a u 1)
u2
u ln udu = 4 ( 2 ln u 1)
INTEGRALES DE FUNCS TRIGO
au
ue du = e ( u 1)
ln udu =u ln u u = u ( ln u 1)
cf ( x ) dx = c f ( x ) dx c
f ( x ) dx = f ( x ) dx + f ( x ) dx
f ( x ) dx = f ( x ) dx
a
a u a > 0
{ f ( x ) g ( x )} dx = f ( x ) dx g ( x ) dx
b
ua du = ln a u ln a
d
1
du
, u0
csch 1 u =
dx
u 1 + u 2 dx
INTEGRALES DEFINIDAS,
PROPIEDADES
b
1
d
du
senh 1 u =
dx
1 + u 2 dx
e du = e
a du = ln a a 1
DERIVADA DE FUNCS HIP INV
1
d
du
cosh 1 u =
, u >1
dx
u 2 1 dx
1 du
d
, u <1
tgh 1 u =
1 u 2 dx
dx
1 du
d
1
, u >1
ctgh u =
1 u 2 dx
dx
1
d
du si

sech 1 u =
dx
u 1 u 2 dx + si
INTEGRALES DE FUNCS LOG & EXP
cos x = 1
x2 x4 x6
+ +
2! 4! 6!
+ ( 1)
n 1
x 2n 2
( 2n 2 ) !
n
x 2 x3 x 4
n 1 x
+ + + ( 1)
2 3 4
n
2 n 1
x3 x5 x7
n 1 x
tg x = x + + + ( 1)
3 5 7
2n 1
ln (1 + x ) = x

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