EU has 23 official

languages
Business: Banks, High level of business
Predominance of English could be
seen in different stratums:
-Business
-Education
-Culture
-Peoples daily lives

as well lower level.

Education: Elementary, secondary
schools (as a mandatory subject;
ESL/EFL) Tertiary education a major
use for instruction, learning, research
and publishing (journals)
Culture: Radio, TV, Internet,
newspapers and magazines.
Daily life: People is using English in
situations they used to use their
mother tongue in the past.

ENGLISH in
Europe
Many lingua franca used before : German & French (Sabir)
English as a contact language since middle ages (military power)
After WWII English become the continents pivot language.
Small communities with a vast linguistic ground English common ground.
Inner interrelations/external communications - English as contact language.
A common language in a plurilingual context .
No attachment to any ENL setting but a flourishing new set of features
according to whom is using it.
No longer UK Irelands language.

ELF vs ENL
ELF - Vehicular
No RP or AG recognition
Use of /v/ rather than /w/

ENL - Vernacular
RP or AG as standard
Use of /w/ as correctness

Lingua Franca Core (LFC)

Consonants sounds except voiced/voiceless th and dark l
Vowel length contrasts e.g. pitch and peach
Restrictions on consonant deletion (Not omitting sounds at the beginning and
middle of words)
Nuclear or Tonic stress production/placement

ELF in EU today

Referenc
es
De Gruyter, M. (2010). Pragmatics across Languages and Cultures. Berlin/New
York: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG. 364-365.
Dollerup,C. (1996). English in the European Union. In R. Hartmann (ed.) The English
Language in Europe, Oxford: Intellect, pp. 2436.
Mauranen, A. and Ranta, E. (2010). English as a Lingua Franca. 2nd ed. Cambridge:
Cambridge Scholars Publishing. 10-14.
Poppi, F. (2012). Global Interactions in English as a Lingua Franca. Bern:
International Academic Publishers. 88-108.