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Trucks and lorries come in many types and sizes to transport a wide range of goods. They are classified based on factors like weight carried and number of wheels. Trucks include light trucks that weigh up to 1 tonne for individual use, medium trucks from 1.5-3 tonnes for local delivery, and heavy trucks from 3.5-10 tonnes for long-haul transportation. Specialized trucks include dump trucks, garbage trucks, fire trucks, panel vans, pickup trucks, flatbed trucks, and cranes trucks.
Trucks and lorries come in many types and sizes to transport a wide range of goods. They are classified based on factors like weight carried and number of wheels. Trucks include light trucks that weigh up to 1 tonne for individual use, medium trucks from 1.5-3 tonnes for local delivery, and heavy trucks from 3.5-10 tonnes for long-haul transportation. Specialized trucks include dump trucks, garbage trucks, fire trucks, panel vans, pickup trucks, flatbed trucks, and cranes trucks.
Trucks and lorries come in many types and sizes to transport a wide range of goods. They are classified based on factors like weight carried and number of wheels. Trucks include light trucks that weigh up to 1 tonne for individual use, medium trucks from 1.5-3 tonnes for local delivery, and heavy trucks from 3.5-10 tonnes for long-haul transportation. Specialized trucks include dump trucks, garbage trucks, fire trucks, panel vans, pickup trucks, flatbed trucks, and cranes trucks.
A TRUCK IS A VEHICLE USUALLY USED FOR TRANSPORTING
BULK GOODS, MATERIALS, OR EQUIPMENT LOAD ON ITS OWN WHEELS . THE WORD "TRUCK" COMES FROM THE GREEK "TROCHOS", MEANING "WHEEL". ALSO KNOWN AS HEAVY GOODS VEHI CLE (HGV). TRUCK CONSTRUCTION IS USUALLY HEAVIER THROUGHOUT WITH STRENGTH, AND LOWER TRANSMISSION AND DRIVE-AXLE RATIOS TO COPE WITH HILLY TERRAIN AND WEIGHT. THE TRUCK CAPACITY GENERALLY VARIES FROM 0.4 CUM TO 2.0 CUM. THE SPEED MAY VARY FROM 10 KMPH TO 100 KMPH.
LORRIES: LORRY IS A BRITISH TERM BUT IS ONLY USED FOR THE MEDIUM AND HEAVY, LARGE, CARGO-CARRYING ROAD VEHICLE. LORRIES, OR TRUCKS, CARRY A VAST RANGE OF EVERYDAY AND INDUSTRIAL GOODS, AND VARY IN SIZE FROM SMALL VANS TO GIANT VEHICLES THAT CAN WEIGH MORE THAN 50 TONNES. THE NAME WAS ORIGINALLY APPLIED TO TYPE OF RAILWAY WAGON. THE MAXIMUM GROSS WEIGHT OF A LORRY ON ROADS IS 40 TONNES. THE MAXIMUM LENGTH IS 16.5 M (54FT 2INS) FOR AN ARTICULATED VEHICLE AND 18M (59FT 1 IN).
USES OF TRUCKS: TO TRANSPORT MATERIAL TO THE CONSTRUCTION SITE. IT ACTS AS A CARRIER AND TRANSPORTING EQUIPMENT. THEY HAVE HIGH MOBILITY, GOOD SPEED, GOOD MANEUVERABILITY AND ADAPTABILITY. USED TO CARRY SOIL TO BE FILLED ON SITE OR EXCAVATED.
DISADVANTAGES: ON ROUGH ROAD AND DURING BAD WEATHER THEIR PERFORMANCE IS UNSATISFACTORY. DUE TO OVERLOADING ON HIGH SPEEDS THEY MIGHT OVERTURN BLOCKING ROADS.
USES OF LORRIES: USED AS AN EXTENSION TO THE TRANSPORTING EQUIPMENTS. USED FOR LARGE QUANTITY OF GOODS OR MATERIAL TO BE TRANSFERRED FROM ONE PLACE TO OTHER. A LARGE VOLUME CAN BE TRANSFERRED IN ONE GO TOGETHER.
THE THREE MAIN CLASSIFICATIONS FOR ROAD TRUCK BY WEIGHT ARE: LIGHT TRUCK (1/2 TO 1 TONNE): LIGHT TRUCKS ARE USED BY INDIVIDUALS AND BUSINESSES ALIKE. WHILE NOT SUITABLE FOR HIGHWAY USE SOME VARIATIONS MAY BE LICENSED AS SLOW SPEED VEHICLES FOR OPERATION ON STREETS. MEDIUM TRUCK (1.5 TO3 TONNES ): LOCAL DELIVERY AND PUBLIC SERVICE (DUMP TRUCKS, GARBAGE TRUCKS AND FIRE-FIGHTING TRUCKS) ARE NORMALLY AROUND THIS SIZE. HEAVY TRUCK(3.5 TO 10 TONNES ): ARE THE LARGEST TRUCKS ALLOWED ON THE ROAD. THEY ARE MOSTLY USED FOR LONG-HAUL PURPOSES, OFTEN IN SEMI-TRAILER OR B-DOUBLE CONFIGURATION. VERY LIGHT TRUCKS: MANY MINI TRUCKS ARE FACTORY REDESIGNS OF LIGHT AUTOMOBILES. THESE ARE USED TYPICALLY FOR OFF-HIGHWAY USE. ABOVE THIS THERE ARE SPECIALIZED VERY HEAVY TRUCKS AND TRANSPORTERS SUCH AS HEAVY HAULERS FOR MOVING OVERSIZED LOADS.
THE TRUCKS CAN ALSO BE CLASSIFIED DEPENDING UPON TOTAL NUMBER OF WHEELS AND NUMBER OF DRIVING WHEELS. FOR EXAMPLE, A TRUCK HAVING TOTAL FOUR WHEELS OUT OF WHICH TWO ARE DRIVING WHEELS IS DESIGNATED AS (4X2) TRUCK OR (4X4) TRUCK IS PREFERRED. E.G.2) EIGHTEEN WHEELER - A SEMI-TRUCK CONFIGURATION CONSISTING OF 18 WHEELS. OFF-ROAD HEAVY TRUCKS: USED IN CONSTRUCTION AND MINING WHICH ARE TOO LARGE FOR HIGHWAY USE WITHOUT ESCORTS AND SPECIAL PERMITS. WITH OFF-ROAD FEATURES SUCH AS A FRONT DRIVING AXLE AND SPECIAL TIRES FOR APPLICATIONS SUCH AS LOGGING AND CONSTRUCTION.
CLASSIFICATION OF TRUCKS ON THE BASIS OF TRANSPORTATION: PRIVATE CARRIER: IS ONE WHO HAULS HIS OWN GOODS IN HIS OWN VEHICLE. A DRY-CLEANING ESTABLISHMENT, FOR EXAMPLE, MAY HAVE ITS OWN TRUCK FOR PICKUP AND DELIVERY SERVICE TO ITS CUSTOMERS. MANY LARGER COMPANIES HAVE FLEETS OF TRUCKS TO DELIVER THEIR GOODS. LOCAL CARTAGE CARRIER: OPERATES WITHIN A CITY AND SUBURBAN AREA AND CARRIES GOODS FOR OTHERS. OVER-THE-ROAD COMMON CARRIER: OPERATES BETWEEN CITIES AND OFTEN BETWEEN STATES, AND IT CARRIES ALL TYPES OF FREIGHT FOR DIFFERENT CUSTOMERS. THE OVER-THE-ROAD CONTRACT CARRIER ALSO OPERATES B/W CITIES AND STATES, BUT IT HAS CONTRACTS WITH ONE OR MORE CUSTOMERS TO CARRY SPECIFIC KINDS OF FREIGHT. PIGGYBACK CARRIER: CONSISTS OF SPECIALLY BUILT FLATCARS THAT CARRY FULLY LOADED TRUCK TRAILERS. THE TRAILERS ARE HAULED TO THE YARDS BY THE TRUCK TRACTOR AND LIFTED ONTO THE FLATCARS BY LARGE CRANE LIKE MACHINES. THE ADVANTAGE OF PIGGYBACK AND CONTAINER TRANSPORT IS IN THE SAVING OF LOADING AND UNLOADING TIME AND IN THE LARGE AMOUNT OF GOODS THAT CAN BE HAULED AT ONE TIME, USING FUEL FOR ONLY ONE ENGINE. PICKUP TRUCK: COMPACT PICKUP TRUCK WITH EXTENDED CABIN. A WOODEN FRAME CAN ALSO BE PUT FOR EXTENSION & SUPPORT. LIGHT MOTOR VEHICLE WITH AN OPEN-TOP REAR CARGO AREA. IT HAS A SEPARATE CABIN AND REAR LOAD AREA OR COMPARTMENT (SEPARATE CARGO BED). INSTEAD OF A WELL-TYPE BED (SHORT RIGID SIDES) WITH AN OPENING REAR GATE, SOME PICKUPS HAVE A FLAT TRAY BACK. OTHERS MAY HAVE A SPECIALTY BODY MOUNTED BEHIND THE CABIN.
PANEL TRUCK - A PANEL TRUCK IS A WINDOWLESS CARGO VAN BUILT ON A TRUCK CHASSIS. SIMILAR IN FUNCTION TO ITS SMALLER COUSIN, WHICH IS A STATION WAGON WITH NO BACKSEAT, AND NO SIDE WINDOWS. BOTH TYPES OF VEHICLES ARE FREQUENTLY USED FOR DELIVERY OF FLOWERS, RETAIL BAKERY PRODUCTS, DIAPERS, LAUNDRY, AND OTHER CONSUMER CONVENIENCES. OFTEN USED BY CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE CONTRACTORS FLATBED TRUCK: A FLATBED TRUCK IS A TYPE OF TRUCK WHICH CAN BE EITHER ARTICULATED OR RIGID. IT HAS AN ENTIRELY FLAT, LEVEL BODY WITH ABSOLUTELY NO SIDES OR ROOF. THIS ALLOWS FOR QUICK AND EASY LOADING OF GOODS, AND CONSEQUENTLY THEY ARE USED TO TRANSPORT HEAVY LOADS THAT ARE NOT DELICATE OR VULNERABLE TO PRECIPITATION, SUCH AS CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT, AND ALSO FOR ABNORMAL LOADS THAT REQUIRE MORE SPACE THAN IS AVAILABLE ON A CLOSED BODY. Roll-Off Trucks ITS FLATBED CAN BE TILTED AND THE OBJECTS CAN BE ROLLED OF OR SLIPPED FROM THE BACK. OBJECTS WITH WHEELS OR CYLINDRICAL OBJECTS CAN BE EASILY LOADED AND UNLOADED. FIRE TRUCK: A FIRE APPARATUS, FIRE ENGINE, FIRE TRUCK OR FIRE APPLIANCE REFERS TO A VEHICLE DESIGNED TO ASSIST IN FIGHTING FIRES, BY TRANSPORTING FIREFIGHTERS TO THE SCENE, AND PROVIDING THEM WITH ACCESS, WATER OR OTHER EQUIPMENT. Fire Trucks GARBAGE TRUCK - A WASTE COLLECTION VEHICLE (WCV), IS A TRUCK SPECIALLY DESIGNED TO PICK UP SMALLER QUANTITIES OF WASTE AND HAUL IT TO LANDFILLS AND OTHER RECYCLING OR TREATMENT FACILITIES. THEY ARE A COMMON SIGHT IN MOST URBAN AREAS. THERE ARE FIVE BASIC MODELS OF GARBAGE TRUCKS: FRONT LOADERS REAR LOADERS AUTOMATED SIDE LOADERS (ASL) PNEUMATIC COLLECTION GRAPPLE TRUCKS DUMP TRUCKS: THESE ARE THE TRUCKS WHICH ARE FITTED WITH AUTOMATIC UNLOADING DEVICES. THE LOADING IS NORMALLY DONE BE LOADING SHOVELS OR LOADERS. THESE TRUCKS HAVE CAPACITIES AS HIGH AS 53 TONES THESE TRUCKS CAN BE REAR DUMP TRUCKS, BOTTOM DUMP TRUCKS AND SIDE DUMP TRUCKS. USED FOR TRANSPORTING LOOSE MATERIAL (SUCH AS SAND, GRAVEL, OR DIRT) FOR CONSTRUCTION. BOX TRUCKS: HAVE SEPARATE, BOX-LIKE CARGO AREAS THAT SIT ON THE FRAME. THE BOX ON SOME TRUCKS IS TOTALLY SEPARATE FROM THE CAB OR IT CAN BE ACCESSED FROM THE CAB. MOST BOX TRUCKS HAVE A ROLL-UP REAR DOOR THAT'S SIMILAR TO A GARAGE DOOR. BOX TRUCKS ARE GENERALLY USED BY COMPANIES THAT NEED TO HAUL LARGE ITEMS SUCH AS FURNITURE, APPLIANCES, AND LARGE BOXES.
TRUCKS WITH CRANE: A ROTATING CRANE BODY IS MOUNTED ON A STURDY CHASSIS FITTED WITH FLANGED WHEELS. THE BODY SUPPORTS THE JIB AND PROVIDES ALL THE LIFTING AND OPERATING MECHANISMS; ON LARGER CRANES, AN OPERATOR'S CABIN IS USUALLY PROVIDED.
Grapple Boom Trucks GRAPPLE BOOM TRUCKS: IS A TERM USED TO DESCRIBED A TRUCK THAT HAS A GRAPPLE LOADER OR A HOOK OR CLAW MOUNTED TO ITS FRAME WHICH IS USED TO CATCH OR HOLD SOMETHING, LOADING AND SOMETIMES HAULING BULKY THINGS. IT IS A MECHANICAL DEVICE ABLE TO ROTATE ON AN AXIS WITH A GRAPPLE OR BUCKET ATTACHED AT THE END OF THE BOOM, WHICH IS INTENDED FOR THE COLLECTION OF MATERIAL THAT DUE TO SIZE OR WEIGHT IS IMPRACTICAL TO CONTAINERIZE. GRAPPLE TRUCKS ARE COMMONLY USED BY MUNICIPAL SANITATION OR PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENTS. THESE ARE ALSO AVAILABLE WITH FLATBED BASE WITH GRAPPLES TO CARRY LARGE CONSTRUCTION MEMBERS LIKE STEEL GIRDERS.
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