TABLE 11.85 Standard Normal Deviates for Various Levels of Reliability Reliability Standard normal Reliability Standard normal (%) deviate (Ze) (%) 50 0.000 93 0253 4 70 ~0s4 95 6 0674 96 80. 084i a 85 1.037 8 20, 1282 99 1 1340 989 2 1405 99.99 Diagn Ske chen ns “ “a a uated Tl kp gust Sng Ante * Tang (ESAL) Appeesnon Wy (on) OT Anco ae i Sa a fy nwo] 4s \ oh, mi) ay/ rr mdi) 24 me ' i 22 i Design chart for rigid pavements based on mean values (Jin. = 25.4 mm, 1 psi = 69 kPa, pei = 271.3 kNim). (From the AASHTO Guide for Design of Pavement Structures. Copyright 1986, American Assocation of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, DC. Used bv permission.)T cenpaae Mates Soerage Resi FIGURE 12 18 (Chor for canning nods of subgate eaction (in, ~ 254 mm, ps — GRP, 1 pos — 271.3 kN) (From the AASHTO Cue for Deng of Pcement States Capyeigy 1%. Amoniese ‘Ascocision af Se Highway aod Transporation Ofelals Waslngzon, DC Use by pormisian Modus of Subprde Reaction, , (Ge) Assuming Serine Sub rade Depth Vlacboatonge |_| Foundation Dyo (ft) ano iso ang som ° so 1000s) 200 Road Soll Reillent Modshas M, (pl) ‘Modulus of Subgrade Reaction, (pt) ‘Modi to acount for prcence of gid foundation nea ude) FIGURE 12.19 (Char for modifying modulus of subgrade seaetion due to rigid foundation near surface (1 ft = 0205 m, 1 psi = 69 Pa, | pet = 2713 kNim’). (From the AASHTO Guide for Design of Pavement Structures. Copyright 1986. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, DC. Used by prmision)(DP = 039K)" (1230) Figure 12.20 isa char for solving Eq. 12.30 Relative Damage, Bfoctive Modulue of Subgrade Resction, k (pei) (Corrected for Porential Loss of Support) 1 10 10 +000 Etfective Moxtlus of Subgrade Reaction, k (pa) FIGURE 12.21 Composie k vive (6s) Correction of elfective modulus of subgrade reaction duc to less cf foundation FiGuRE 1220 contact (1 poi = 271.3 kN/m’). (After McCullough and Elkins (1979) ) ‘Gre ox einai eve damege 1g payments (in. ~ 28 4am pst = 2713 Ni) (rom ke AASITO Guide or Desgn of Pavement “Soninrer.CopyryM Ie Aecon Aseiation Sate Highs ad ‘arsportaion Ocal Wasbiogton, DC Used by pmo) TABLE 12.18 Typical Ranges of LS Factors for Various Types of Materials Type of material Loss of support (LS) ‘Cement-treated granular base (E = 1 x 10°to2 x 10° psi) 0.0 to 10 Cement aggregate mixtures (E = 500,000 10 1 > 10° psi) 0.0 to 1.0 Asphalt-treated bases (E = 350,000 10 1 x 10° psi) 0.010 10 Bituminous-stabilized mixture (E = 40,000 to 300,000 psi) 0.0 to LO Lime-stabilized materials (E = 20,000 to 70,000 psi) 1.010 3.0 Unbound granular materials (£ = 15,000 to 45,000 psi) 1.0 to 3.0 Fine-grained or natural subgrade materials (E = 3000 to 40,000 psi) 2.010 3.0 Nore. Ein this table refers to the general symbol of the resilient modulus. Source. After AASHTO (1986)TABLE 12.20 Recommended Values of Drainage Coefficients C, for Rigid Pavements Percentage of time pavement structure is exposed to Quality of drainage moisture [cvels approaching saturation Water removed Less than Greater than Rating within 1% 1.5% 5.25% 25% Excellent, Zhours 125-420 © 120-115 L.15-1.10 1.10 Good I day 120415 115-110 1.10-1.00 1.00 Fair I week LIS-L10—1.10-1.00 1.00-0,90 0.90 Poor A month 110-100 1.00-0,90-0.90-0,80 0.80 ‘Very poor Never drain 100-090 © 0.90-0.80 -0.80.0.70 0.70 Source. After AASIITO (1986). TABLE 12,19 Recommended Load ‘Transfer Coefficient for Various Pavement Types and Design Conditions ‘Type of shoulder “Asphalt Tied PCC Load transfer devices ‘Yes No Yes No JPCP and JRCP 32 3844 2.5-3.1 3.64.2 CRCP 29-3.2 NIA 2.3-2.9 NIA Source. After AASHTO (1986).