International Journal of Materials Science and Applications

2013; 2(3): 89-93

Published online June 10, 2013 (http://www.sciencepublishin!oup.co"/#/i#"s$)
doi: 10.11%&8/#.i#"s$.20130203.13


Effect of Li
2
CO
3
addition on the sintering behavior and
physical properties of !"#!$#Mn$ cera%ics
Le Dai Vuong
*
, Phan Dinh Gio
'ep$!t"ent o( Ph)sics, *ollee o( +ciences, ,ue -ni.e!sit), /ietn$"
Email address:
led$i.uon0b1"$il.co" (2. '. /uon)
To cite this article:
2e '$i /uon, Ph$n 'inh 3io. 4((ect o( 2i2*53 6ddition on the +inte!in 7eh$.io! $nd Ph)sic$l P!ope!ties o( P89-P8:-P"nn *e!$"ics.
International Journal of Materials Science and Applications. /ol. 2, :o. 3, 2013, pp. 89-93. doi: 10.11%&8/#.i#"s$.20130203.13

Abstract: 9he 0.8Pb(8!
0.&8
9i
0.;2
)<5
3
=0.12;Pb(8n
1/3
:b
2/3
)5
3
=0.0>;Pb(?n
1/3
:b
2/3
)5
3
@ A wtB 2i
2
*5
3
ce!$"ics
(P89-P8:-P?n:), whe!e A C 0 1.0, h$s been p!ep$!ed b) two-st$e c$lcin$tions "ethod. 9he 2i
2
*5
3
$ddition
sini(ic$ntl) i"p!o.ed the sinte!$bilit) o( the ce!$"ics, !esultin in $ !eduction o( sinte!in te"pe!$tu!e (!o" 11;0
0
* to 930
0
*. 9he e((ect o( the 2i
2
*5
3
$ddition on the sinte!in beh$.io! $nd ph)sic$l p!ope!ties o( ce!$"ic s$"ples h$.e been
in.esti$ted. 4Ape!i"ent$l !esults showed th$t $ll s$"ples h$.e pu!e pe!o.sDite ph$se with tet!$on$l st!uctu!e, the c/$ !$tio
inc!e$ses with inc!e$sin o( 2i
2
*5
3
content. 6t A C 0.>, elect!ic$l p!ope!ties o( ce!$"ics $!e best: the densit) () o( >.8%
/c"
3
, the elect!o"ech$nic$l couplin ($cto!, D
p
C 0.%& $nd D
t
C 0.;1, the dielect!ic const$nt, E C 1320, the dielect!ic loss (t$n)
o( 0.00;, the "ech$nic$l 0u$lit) ($cto! (F
"
) o( 11;0, the pieGoelect!ic const$nt (d
31
) o( 1&; p*/:, $nd the !e"$nent
pol$!iG$tion (P
!
) o( 30.; */c"
2
, which "$Des it $s $ p!o"isin "$te!i$l (o! hih powe! pieGoelect!ic de.ices.
Keywords: *!)st$l +t!uctu!e, 'ielect!ics, PieGoelect!ics, 4lect!o"ech$nic$l *ouplin H$cto!, 2i2co3 6ddition

! "ntroduction
2$st se.e!$l dec$des h$.e eAtensi.e stud) on the !el$Ao!
(e!!oelect!ics since thei! disco.e!) b) +"olensDii et al.I1<,
owin to thei! sini(ic$nt technic$l i"po!t$nce on the
$pplic$tion o( elect!o"ech$nic$l de.ices such $s "ultil$)e!
ce!$"ic c$p$cito!s, elect!ost!icti.e t!$nsduce!s,
"ic!o-displ$ce"ent positione!s. 6s Pb(?n
1/3
:b
2/3
)5
3

(P?n:), Pb(8n
1/3
:b
2/3
)5
3
(P8:) is $ "e"be! o( le$d-b$sed
!el$Ao! (e!!oelect!ic ($"il) with di((e!ent c$tions on the
7-site o( pe!o.sDite l$ttice. 9hese (e!!oelect!ic "$te!i$ls
h$.e ch$!$cte!istics $s hih dielect!ic const$nt, the
te"pe!$tu!e $t the ph$se t!$nsition point between the
(e!!oelect!ic $nd p$!$elect!ic ph$se $!e b!o$d (the di((use
ph$se t!$nsition) $nd $ st!on (!e0uenc) dependenc) o( the
dielect!ic p!ope!ties. 3$o Hen et al. I2< in.esti$ted 0.8P89
= (0.2-A)P8: = AP?n: ce!$"ics with co"positions close to
the "o!phot!opic ph$se bound$!) (?P7). 9he opti"iGed
.$lues o( D
p
(0.;>), (8&2) $nd F
"
(1020) we!e obt$ined $t
0.0>; "ol Pb(?n
1/3
:b
2/3
)5
3
, which is $ new p!o"isin
"$te!i$l (o! pieGoelect!ic t!$ns(o!"e!. ,owe.e!, the
sinte!in te"pe!$tu!e o( P89-b$sed ce!$"ics is usu$ll) too
hih, $pp!oAi"$tel) 1200
o
* I2,3,&,;<. Jn o!de! to !educe the
sinte!in te"pe!$tu!e $t which s$tis($cto!) densi(ic$tion
could be obt$ined, .$!ious "$te!i$l p!ocessin "ethods such
$s the 2-st$e c$lcin$tion "ethod I%<, hih ene!) "ill I><
$nd li0uid ph$se sinte!in I%,8,9,10< h$.e been pe!(o!"ed.
6"on these "ethods, li0uid ph$se sinte!in is b$sic$ll) $n
e((ecti.e "ethod (o! $idin densi(ic$tion o( speci"ens $t
low sinte!in te"pe!$tu!e. ,. ,$n et al. I9< showed th$t 0.1
wtB 2i
2
*5
3
w$s 0uite e((ecti.e in lowe!in the sinte!in
te"pe!$tu!e o( P?:-PH:-P89 ce!$"ics (!o" 1100
o
* down
to 900
o
*, with the !etention o( ood pieGoelect!ic p!ope!ties.
Ku-'on ,ou et al. $lso showed th$t 2i
2
*5
3
could inc!e$se
the pieGoelect!ic p!ope!ties $nd !educin the sinte!in
te"pe!$tu!e o( 0.;P89-0.;P8: ce!$"ics (!o" 1100
0
* down
to 9;0 L* I10<. 9he !ese$!ch !esults o( the $bo.e $utho!s
cle$!l) showed the sini(ic$nce o( 2i
2
*5
3
$ddition

in
cont!ollin the sinte!in beh$.io! $nd the elect!ic$l
p!ope!ties o( the P89-b$sed ce!$"ics.
Mecentl), we studied the e((ect o( 8!/9i !$tio content on
so"e ph)sic$l p!ope!ties o( 0.8Pb(8!
A
9i
1-A
)5
3
=
0.12;Pb(8n
1/3
:b
2/3
)5
3
= 0.0>;Pb(?n
1/3
:b
2/3
)5
3
I11<. Ne
(ound th$t the D
p
, d
31
$nd F
"
o( the ce!$"ics $!e enh$nced
with the inc!e$se o( 8!/9i !$tio. 6t 8!/9i !$tio o( &8/;2, the
ce!$"ics h$s the opti"$l elect!o"ech$nic$l p!ope!ties, D
p
C
0.%2, d
31
C 1&0 p*/:, F
"
C 1112. Jn this stud), we
in.esti$ted the e((ect o( 2i
2
*5
3
$ddition on the sinte!in
beh$.io! $nd ph)sic$l p!ope!ties o( the P89-P8:-P?n:
ce!$"ics.
90 2e '$i /uon et al.: 4((ect o( 2i
2
*5
3
6ddition on 9he +inte!in 7eh$.io! 6nd
Ph)sic$l P!ope!ties o( P89-P8:-P?n: *e!$"ics

#! E$%erimental Procedure
9he ene!$l (o!"ul$ o( the studied "$te!i$l w$s
0.8Pb(8!
0.&8
9i
0.;2
)<5
3
=0.12;Pb(8n
1/3
:b
2/3
)5
3
=0.0>;Pb(?n
1/
3
:b
2/3
)5
3
@ A wtB 2i
2
*5
3
(P89=P8:=P?n:), whe!e A is 0,
0.1, 0.3, 0.;, 0.>, 0.9, 1 $nd $!e denoted b) ?0, ?1, ?2, ?3,
?&, ?;, ?%, !especti.el). Me$ent !$de oAide powde!s
(pu!it) 99 B) o( Pb5, 8n5, ?n5
2
, :b
2
5
;
, 8!5
2
, 9i5
2
$nd
2i
2
*5
3
we!e used $s st$!tin "$te!i$ls. Hi!stl), the powde!s
o( (8n,?n):b
2
(8!,9i)5
%
we!e p!ep$!ed b) !e$ctions o( 8n5,
?n5
2
, :b
2
5
;
, 8!5
2
$nd 9i5
2
$t te"pe!$tu!e 1100
o
* (o! 2 h.
9hen (8n,?n):b
2
(8!,9i)5
%
$nd Pb5 we!e weihed $nd
"illed (o! 8 h. 9he powde!s we!e c$lcined $t te"pe!$tu!e
8;0
o
* (o! 2 h, p!oducin the P89=P8:=P?n: co"pound.
9he!e$(te!, p!edete!"ined $"ounts o( 2i
2
*5
3
we!e "iAed
with the c$lcined P89=P8:=P?n: powde!, $nd then,
powde!s "illed (o! 1%h. 9he !ound "$te!i$ls we!e p!essed
into disD 12"" in di$"ete! $nd 1.;"" in thicD unde!
100?P$. 9he s$"ples we!e sinte!ed in $ se$led $lu"in$
c!ucible with Pb8!5
3
co$ted powde! $t 8>0
o
*, 900
o
*, 930
o
*,
9;0
o
* $nd 1000
o
* (o! 2 h (?0 s$"ple we!e sinte!ed to
11;0
o
*).
9he c!)st$l st!uctu!e o( the sinte!ed s$"ples we!e
eA$"ined b) O-!$) di((!$ction (OM', '8 6'/6:*4). 9he
densities o( s$"ples we!e "e$su!ed b) 6!chi"edes "ethod.
9he ce!$"ic s$"ples we!e poled in $ silicone oil b$th $t
120
o
* b) $ppl)in dc (ield o( 30 D/c"P1 (o! 20 "in then
coolin unde! the s$"e elect!ic Qeld. 9he) we!e $ed (o! 2&
h p!io! to testin.
9he pieGoelect!ic p!ope!ties we!e dete!"ined (!o" the
!eson$nce $nd $nti!eson$nce (!e0uenc) b) usin $n
i"ped$nce $n$l)Ge! 6ilent &19%7 $nd M2* ,J5RJ 3;32.
9he dielect!ic p!ope!ties we!e "e$su!ed b) usin M2*
,J5RJ 3;32, the (e!!oelect!ic p!ope!t) w$s "e$su!ed b)
+$w)e!-9owe! "ethod.
&! 'esults and Discussion
3.1. Effect of Li
2
CO
3
Addition on the Sintering Behavior of
PZT-PZN-PMnN Ceraic!
850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200
6.2
6.4
6.6
6.8
7.0
7.2
7.4
7.6
7.8
8.0
0.0 wt% Li
2
CO
3
0.1 wt% Li
2
CO
3
0.3 wt% Li
2
CO
3
0.5 wt% Li
2
CO
3
0.7 wt% Li
2
CO
3
0.9 wt% Li
2
CO
3
1.0 wt% Li
2
CO
3
&
e
n
s
i
t
y

'
g
(
c
%
3
)
Sintering te%perature '
o
C)

"ig. 1. Density of the PZT-PZN-PMnN +!"t #i$%&' cera(ics as a
function of sinterin) te(perature
Hi. 1 shows the .$!i$tions o( densit) o(
P89=P8:=P?n: @ A wt.B 2i
2
*5
3
s$"ples $t di((e!ent
sinte!in te"pe!$tu!e. Jt c$n be seen th$t the densities o(
P89=P8:=P?n: ce!$"ics ch$ne $s (unctions o( sinte!in
te"pe!$tu!e $nd the content o( 2i
2
*5
3
sinte!in $id. Nithout
2i
2
*5
3
$ddition, it is seen th$t su((icient densi(ic$tion
occu!s $t te"pe!$tu!es 11;0
o
* (the densit) o( >.82 /c"
3
),
while 2i
2
*5
3
$dded ce!$"ic s$"ples eAhibit densi(ic$tion $t
$ te"pe!$tu!e $s low $s 930
o
* (the densit) o( >.8% /c"
3
$t
2i
2
*5
3
content o( 0.> wt.B), indic$tin th$t 2i
2
*5
3
is 0uite
use(ul to lowe! sinte!in te"pe!$tu!e o( ce!$"ics, si"il$!l)
to !epo!ts on 2i
2
*5
3
$dded P89-b$sed ce!$"ics I9,10<.
Nhen the $"ount o( 2i
2
*5
3
inc!e$se (!o" 0 to 0.>wtB, the
densit) o( s$"ples inc!e$ses with the inc!e$sin $"ount o(
2i
2
*5
3
$nd the sinte!in te"pe!$tu!e $nd then dec!e$ses.
6cco!din to the $bo.e !esults, the opti"iGed sinte!in
te"pe!$tu!e o( the 2i
2
*5
3
$dded P89=P8:=P?n:
ce!$"ics is 930
o
*. +o, the $ddition o( 2i
2
*5
3
i"p!o.ed the
sinte!$bilit) o( the s$"ples $nd c$used $n inc!e$se in the
densit) $t low sinte!in te"pe!$tu!e.
3.2. Effect of Li
2
CO
3
Addition on the Str#ct#re$
Micro!tr#ct#re of PZT-PZN-PMnN Ceraic!

"ig. 2. *-ray diffraction patterns of cera(ics "ith different #i$%&' contents

"ig. 3. The tetra)onality c/a ratios of cera(ics as a function of #i$%&'
Jnte!n$tion$l Jou!n$l o( ?$te!i$ls +cience $nd 6pplic$tions 2013; 2(3): 89-93 91


Hi. 2 shows O-!$) di((!$ction p$tte!ns (OM') o( the
P89=P8:=P?n: ce!$"ics $t the di((e!ent concent!$tions
o( 2i
2
*5
3
. 6ll s$"ples h$.e pu!e pe!o.sDite ph$se with
tet!$on$l st!uctu!e. Nhen inc!e$sin o( 2i
2
*5
3
content, the
tet!$on$lit) c/$ !$tio inc!e$ses $s shown in Hi. 3. 9his c$n
be eApl$ined th$t when 2i ions inco!po!$te into the l$ttice o(
pe!o.sDite st!uctu!e, the) tend to occup) the oct$hed!$l sites
o( the pe!o.sDite l$ttice, (o!"in $ddition$l $nionic
.$c$ncies. 9his c$uses $ disto!tion in the l$ttice, the!e(o!e,
the substitution o( 2i
@1
ions in 9i
@&
sites let the c-$Ais be
lenthened. 9hese !esults $!e consistent with the lite!$tu!e
I&<.

"ig %. Microstructures of speci(ens "ith different a(ounts of #i$%&'
additi+e sintered at ,'- .% for $h/ 0a1 - "t!2 031 -.' "t !2 0c1 -.4 "t !2 0d1
-.5 "t !2 0e1 -., "t ! and 0f1 6.- "t !
Hi. & shows the +4? i"$es o( the (!$ctu!ed su!($ce o(
P89=P8:=P?n: ce!$"ic speci"ens with di((e!ent
$"ounts o( 2i
2
*5
3
$dditi.e sinte!ed $t 930L* (o! 2 h. H!o"
(i.&($), it c$n be seen th$t with undoped speci"en, the
"ic!ost!uctu!e w$s inho"oeneous $nd "$n) distinct po!es
eAisted in the !$in bound$!), which "e$ns th$t the
speci"en is not sinte!ed e((ecti.el), but $ uni(o!" $nd dense
"ic!ost!uctu!e w$s (o!"ed when 2i
2
*5
3
w$s $dded (see
His. &(b)=(d)). 9he $.e!$e !$in siGe o( speci"ens $!e
inc!e$sed with the inc!e$sin $"ount o( 2i
2
*5
3
(Hi. ;).
9his c$n be eApl$ined b) li0uid ph$se sinte!in p!ocess. Jn
the initi$l $nd inte!"edi$te st$es o( sinte!in, 2i
2
*5
3

$dditi.es with $ low "eltin point o( >20L* I10< (o!"s $
li0uid ph$se, which wets $nd co.e!s the su!($ce o( !$ins,
$nd $ccele!$ted the !owth o( !$ins I>,8,10<. Jn the l$te!
st$e, the 2i ions $!e di((used into the l$ttice $nd "odi() the
p!ope!ties o( ce!$"ics. H!o" Hi. &(e) $nd &(() $lso shows
th$t (u!the! inc!e$sin the 2i
2
*5
3
content to 0.9 wt B i.es
!ise to $n $bno!"$l !$in bound$!), $nd the $.e!$e !$in
siGe is !educed. 9his is "$inl) $tt!ibuted to the solubilit)
li"it o( 2i ions in P89=P8:=P?n: st!uctu!es. Nhen the
$ddition w$s $bo.e the li"it, the eAcessi.e 2i ions would
se!e$te $t !$in bound$!) $nd inhibit the !$in !owth
I10<.

"ig &. 7oo(-te(perature dielectric constant and a+era)e )rain si8e of
cera(ics "ith different a(ounts of #i$%&'

"ig '. Te(perature dependence of dielectric constants and dielectric loss of
#i$%&'-doped PZT-PZN-PMnN cera(ics at 6 9:8
3.3. Effect of Li
2
CO
3
Addition on Ph(!ica) Pro*ertie! of
PZT-PZN-PMnN Ceraic!
9he ch$ne o( 2i
2
*5
3
content $lso sini(ic$ntl) $((ect the
dielect!ic, (e!!oelect!ic $nd pieGoelect!ic p!ope!ties o(
P89=P8:=P?n: ce!$"ics.
Hi.; shows the !oo" te"pe!$tu!e dielect!ic const$nt $t
1D,G (!e0uenc) o( P89=P8:=P?n: ce!$"ics $s (unction
o( the 2i
2
*5
3
contents. 9he inc!e$ses with the 2i
2
*5
3
content inc!e$ses $nd !e$ches hihest .$lue (1320) $t A C 0.>.
Nith contents A > 0.>, the dielect!ic const$nt dec!e$sed.
9his is !el$ted to p$!ticle siGe o( ce!$"ics.
Hi. % shows the te"pe!$tu!e dependence o( the dielect!ic
const$nt $nd dielect!ic loss t$n o( P89=P8:=P?n:
ce!$"ics with di((e!ent $"ounts o( 2i
2
*5
3
$t 1 D,G. 6s seen,
the dielect!ic p!ope!ties eAhibited ch$!$cte!istics o( $ !el$Ao!
92 2e '$i /uon et al.: 4((ect o( 2i
2
*5
3
6ddition on 9he +inte!in 7eh$.io! 6nd
Ph)sic$l P!ope!ties o( P89-P8:-P?n: *e!$"ics

"$te!i$l in which the ph$se t!$nsition te"pe!$tu!e occu!s
within $ b!o$d te"pe!$tu!e !$ne. 9his is one o( the
ch$!$cte!istics o( (e!!oelect!ics with diso!de!ed pe!o.sDite
st!uctu!e I3<. 9he "$Ai"u" dielect!ic const$nt
"$A

inc!e$ses with inc!e$sin 2i
2
*5
3
content, $nd $t A C 0.>
indic$ted the hihest dielect!ic const$nt "$A o( 20030 $nd
then sh$!pl) dec!e$ses be)ond this point. 9his c$n be
eApl$ined b) inc!e$sin !$in siGe e((ect I3,11<. 9he
dielect!ic loss t$n shows the !e.e!sed t!end, this $!ees with
ch$!$cte!istics o( dielect!ics I3<. H!o" the !esults in Hi. %,
the *u!ie te"pe!$tu!e 9
*
o( the s$"ples we!e dete!"ined.
*o!!espondin 2i
2
*5
3
concent!$tion inc!e$ses (!o" 0 to 1
wtB, *u!ie te"pe!$tu!e o( ce!$"ics dec!e$sed $l"ost
line$!l) (!o" 2;3
0
* to 23%
0
*.
Hi. > shows the sh$pe o( (e!oelect!ic h)ste!esis loops o(
the s$"ples "e$su!ed $t !oo" te"pe!$tu!e. H!o" the sh$pe
o( these loops, the !e"$nent pol$!iG$tion P
!
$nd the coe!ci.e
(ield 4
c
we!e dete!"ined, $s shown in Hi. 8. 6 sh$!p
inc!e$se in P
!
w$s obse!.ed (o! ?0-?& s$"ples, !e$ches the
hihest .$lue (30.; */c"
2
) $t A C 0.> (?&), $nd then
dec!e$ses. 9he coe!ci.e (ield 4
c
dec!e$ses slihtl) with
inc!e$sin content o( 2i
2
*5
3
$nd !e$ches s"$llest .$lue (8.>
D//c") $t A C 0.>. 9hese !esults $!e in ood $!ee"ent with
the studied dielect!ic $nd pieGoelect!ic p!ope!ties o( the
s$"ples.
-25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
M0
M1
M2
M3
M4
M5
M6

o
l
a
r
i
*
a
t
i
o
n
+

(

C
(
c
%
2
)
,ield+ E (-.(c%)

"ig +. :ysteresis loops of PZT-PZN-PMnN cera(ic sa(ples
-0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
32
36
E
C

'
-
.
(
c
%
)

o
l
a
r
i
*
a
t
i
o
n
+

r

(

C
(
c
%
2
)
Li
2
CO
3
contents '/0t)

"ig ,. The re(nant polari8ation 0Pr1 and coerci+e field 0;%1 as a function of
the #i$%&' contents
9o dete!"ine pieGoelect!ic p!ope!ties o( ce!$"ics,
!eson$nt .ib!$tion spect!$ o( s$"ples we!e "e$su!ed $t
!oo" te"pe!$tu!e. H!o" these !eson$nt spect!$,
pieGoelect!ic p$!$"ete!s o( s$"ples we!e dete!"ined.
Hi. 9 shows the elect!o"ech$nic$l couplin ($cto! (D
p
, D
t
),
the pieGoelect!ic const$nt (d
31
), "ech$nic$l 0u$lit) ($cto! F
"

$nd dielect!ic loss t$nS ch$ne $s $ (unction o( the $"ount o(
2i
2
*5
3
. Nhen the $"ount o( 2i
2
*5
3
is lowe! th$n 0.> wtB,
the .$lues o( D
p
, D
t
$nd d
31
$!e !$pidl) inc!e$sed with
inc!e$sin content o( 2i
2
*5
3
, while the "ech$nic$l 0u$lit)
($cto! F
"
$nd the dielect!ic loss t$nS $!e lihtl) dec!e$sed.
9he opti"iGed .$lues (o! D
p
o( 0.%&, D
t
o( 0.;1, d
31
o( 1&;
p*/:, F
"
o( 11;0 $nd t$nS o( 0.00; we!e obt$ined $t A C 0.>.
9his is p!ob$bl) !el$ted to ch$!$cte!istics o( the inc!e$sin
!$in siGe.

"ig -. The +alues 9p2 9t2 d'62 <(2 and tan= of the sa(ples
(! )onclusions
4((ect o( 2i
2
*5
3
$ddition on the sinte!in beh$.io! $nd
ph)sic$l p!ope!ties o( 0.8Pb(8!
0.&8
9i
0.;2
) =
0.12;Pb(8n
1/3
:b
2/3
) = 0.0>;Pb(?n
1/3
:b
2/3
)5
3
@ A wtB
2i
2
*5
3
(A C 0.0 T 1.0) ce!$"ics we!e in.esti$ted. 9he
$ddition o( 2i
2
*5
3
i"p!o.ed the sinte!$bilit) o( the s$"ples
$nd c$used $n inc!e$se in the densit) $nd !$in siGe $t low
sinte!in te"pe!$tu!e (930
o
*). 6ll s$"ples h$.e pu!e
pe!o.sDite ph$se with tet!$on$l st!uctu!e, the c/$ !$tio
inc!e$ses with inc!e$sin o( 2i
2
*5
3
contents. 6t the 2i
2
*5
3

content o( 0.>Bwt, ph)sic$l p!ope!ties o( ce!$"ics $!e best:
the densit) o( >.8% /c"
3
, the elect!o"ech$nic$l couplin
($cto!, D
p
C 0.%& $nd D
t
C 0.;1, the dielect!ic const$nt, E C
1320, the dielect!ic loss (t$n) o( 0.00;, the "ech$nic$l
0u$lit) ($cto! (F
"
) o( 11;0, the pieGoelect!ic const$nt (d
31
)
o( 1&; p*/:, $nd the !e"$nent pol$!iG$tion (P
!
) o(
30.;*/c"
2
, which "$Des it $s $ p!o"isin "$te!i$l (o! hih
powe! pieGoelect!ic de.ices.

'e*erences
I1< +"olensDii, 3. 6., /. 6. Jsupo. $nd 6. J. 6!$no.sD$)$
(19;9). :ew (e!!oelect!ics o( co"pleA co"position o( the
Jnte!n$tion$l Jou!n$l o( ?$te!i$ls +cience $nd 6pplic$tions 2013; 2(3): 89-93 93


t)pe 622@(7J3@,7JJ;@)5% . J. +o.. Ph)s.+olid +t$te, 1,
1;0-1;1.
I2< 3$o. H., *hen 2., ,on M., 2iu J., N$n *. $nd 9i$n
*. (2009). *!)st$l st!uctu!e $nd pieGoelect!ic p!ope!ties o(
APb(?n1/3:b2/3)53=(0.2 P A)Pb(8n1/3:b2/3)53=0.8Pb(8
!0.;29i0.&8)53 ce!$"ic, *e!$"ics Jnte!n$tion$l 3;,
1>19=1>23.
I3< Kuhu$n Ou (1991). He!!oelct!ic ?$te!i$ls $nd 9hei!
6pplic$tions (:o!th-,oll$nd,
6"ste!d$"-2ondon-:ew)o!D-9oD)o).
I&< Koo J., 2ee K., Koon R., ,w$n +., +uh +., Ri" J. $nd Koo *.
(2001). ?ic!ost!uctu!$l, 4lect!ic$l P!ope!ties $nd
9e"pe!$tu!e +t$bilit) o( Meson$nt H!e0uenc) in
Pb(:i1/2N1/2)53=Pb(?n1/3:b2/3)53=Pb(8!,9i)53
*e!$"ics (o! ,ih-Powe! PieGoelect!ic 9!$ns(o!"e!, Jpn. J.
6ppl. Ph)s &0, 32;%=32;9.
I;< ,ou$ K. '., 8hu$ ?. R., 9i$n *. +., K$n ,. (200&). +t!uctu!e
$nd elect!ic$l p!ope!ties o( P?8:=P89 0u$te!n$!) ce!$"ics
(o! pieGoelect!ic t!$ns(o!"e!s, +enso!s $nd 6ctu$to!s 6 11%,
&;;=&%0.
I%< Koo J. $nd 2ee. +. (2009). PieGoelect!ic $nd 'ielect!ic
P!ope!ties o( 2ow 9e"pe!$tu!e +inte!ed
Pb(?n1/3:b2/3)0.02(:i1/3:b2/3)0.12(8!A9i1-A)0.8%53
+)ste" *e!$"ics, 9!$ns$ctions on elect!ic$l $nd elect!onic
"$te!i$ls 10, 121-12;.
I>< 2ee J. +., *hoi ?. +., :u)en /. ,. Ri" K. +, Ri" J. N., P$!D
4. *., Jeon +. J., +on J. +. (200>). 4((ects o( hih ene!)
b$ll-"illin on the sinte!in beh$.io! $nd pieGoelect!ic
p!ope!ties o( P89-b$sed ce!$"ics, *e!$"ics Jnte!n$tion$l 33,
1283=128%.
I8< ?$te!i$l s$(et) d$t$ sheet, 2ithiu" *$!bon$te, *hendu
*he"ph)s *he"ic$l Jndust!) *o., 2t d., 'e.elop"ent P$!D,
Nen#i$n, *hendu, +ichu$n, %1113>, P. M. *hin$.
I9< ,$n ,. +., P$!D 4. *., $nd 2ee J. +. (2011). 2ow-Hi!in
Pb(8!,9i)53-7$sed ?ultil$)e! *e!$"ic 6ctu$to!s -sin 6
Jnne! 4lect!ode, 9!$ns$ctions on elect!ic$l $nd elect!onic
"$te!i$ls 12, 2&9-2;2.
I10< ,ou K. '., *h$n 2. ?., 8hu ?. R., +on O. ?. $nd K$n ,.
(200>). 4((ect o( 2i2*53 $ddition on the dielect!ic $nd
pieGoelect!ic !esponses in the low-te"pe!$tu!e sinte!ed
0.;P8:=0.;P89 s)ste"s, Jou!n$l o( $pplied ph)sics 102,
08&;0>(1)-08&;0>(>).
I11< 2e '$i /uon, Ph$n 'inh 3io, 9!uon /$n *huon, 'un
9hi ,o$i 9!$n, 'uon /iet ,un, :u)en 9!un 'uon
(2013). 4((ect o( 8!/9i M$tio *ontent on +o"e Ph)sic$l
P!ope!ties o( 2ow 9e"pe!$tu!e +inte!in P89PP8:PP?n:
*e!$"ics, Jnte!n$tion$l Jou!n$l o( ?$te!i$ls $nd *he"ist!)
2013, 3(2): 39-&3.
I12< R$n +. ,. U 6hn *. N. U 2ee ,. J. U Ri" J. N. U P$!D 4. *.
U 2ee J. +. (2008). 'ielect!ic $nd p)!oelect!ic p!ope!ties o(
2i2*53 doped 0.2Pb(?1/3:b2/3)53 =
0.;Pb(8!0.&89i0.;2)53 =0.3Pb(He1/3:b2/3)53 ce!$"ics, J
4lect!oce!$" 21, 8;;=8;8.