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Parabolic Antenna for 9GHz

Escuela Superior Politcnica de Chimborazo
Mayra Ortiz mayra_e_ortiz@yahoo.es
Marllory Cobos marllo9223@hotmail.com
Galo Hurtado galho9@hotmail.com
Daniel Ripalda dripaldacarranza@yahoo.com
Katherine Gavilanez katherine2991gl@gmail.com
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ResumenUsing parabolic antenna typically have a very high gain
(30-40 dB is common) and low cross polarization, increasing its
bandwidth. is an antenna which functions to 9GHz. working frequency
will depend on the distance and angle ,antenna that will implement,
will be a small dish antenna in this case worked to 8Ghz but can
operate in a frequency range of 2 and 28 GHz. The basic structure of
a parabolic dish antenna consists of a feed antenna pointed towards
a parabolic reector. The feed antenna is often a horn antenna with
a circular aperture.
1. Introduction
A parabolic antenna is an antenna that uses a parabolic reector,
a curved surface with the cross-sectional shape of a parabola, to
direct the radio waves. The most common form is shaped like a dish
and is popularly called a dish antenna or parabolic dish. The main
advantage of a parabolic antenna is that it has high directivity. It
functions similarly to a searchlight or ashlight reector to direct the
radio waves in a narrow beam, or receive radio waves from one particular
direction only. Parabolic antennas have some of the highest gains, that
is, they can produce the narrowest beamwidths, of any antenna type.
Parabolic antennas are used as high-gain antennas for point-to-point
communications, in applications such as microwave relay links that
carry telephone and television signals between nearby cities, wireless
WAN/LAN links for data communications, satellite communications
and spacecraft communication antennas. They are also used in radio
telescopes.[1].
g.2: A random direcTV dish antenna on a roof.
A dish antenna works the same way as a reecting optical telescope.
Electromagnetic waves, either light or radio, arrive on parallel paths from
a distance source and are reected by a mirror to a common point, called
the focus. When a ray of light reects from a mirror or at surface, the
angle of the path leaving (angle of reection) is the same as the angle
of the path arriving (angle of incidence).[2]
g.2: Geometry of the parabolic antenna
Consists of one circular parabolic reector and a point source situated
in the focal point of this reector. This point source is called primary
feed or feed. The circular parabolic (paraboloid) reector is constructed
of metal, usually a frame covered by metal mesh at the inner side.
The width of the slots of the metal mesh has to be less than ?/10.
This metal covering forms the reector acting as a mirror for the radar
energy.[3] The feed antenna at the reectors focus is typically a low-
gain type such as a half-wave dipole or more often a small horn antenna
called a feed horn. In more complex designs, such as the Cassegrain and
Gregorian, a secondary reector is used to direct the energy into the
parabolic reector from a feed antenna located away from the primary
focal point. [1].
2. Numerical and Experimental Results
When we rst described a parabolic dish antenna, we put a point
source at the focus, so that energy would radiate uniformly in all
directions both in magnitude and phase.
Our antenna of Figure 2 will operate in the frequency 9Ghz, which
would be a half-wavelength L = c/2/F where L = 10mm long. The
real bow tie antenna of Figure 1 is fed with a coaxial cable. The coaxial
2
g.2: Geometry of the parabolic antenna
cable is welded along the lower arm of the antenna - the purpose of
this is to minimize the impact of the power cord antenna The analysis
will be performed between 8 12 GHz. Therefore the minimum distance
between the air volume wall and the radiating aperture should be one
quarter wavelength at 8 GHz, or 0.25*(3e11/8e9) = 9.375mm. The
following dimensions round this up to 9.5mm spacing.
C:/Users/Katha/Desktop/bow/2.jpg
g.3 Frequency curve Of The Bow Tie Antenna
C:/Users/Katha/Desktop/bow/3.jpg
g.4: Radiation pattern Of The Bow Tie Antenna
C:/Users/Katha/Desktop/bow/4.jpg
g.5: Impedances Of The Bow Tie Antenna
3. Conclusions
To open a satellite dish, it was necessary to do calculations and
parametric equation of the parabola with the results obtained
calculating the distance between the satellite dish and antenna
aperture is obtained.
For good irradiation must take into account the distance from the
antenna aperture (focus) to the satellite dish, since this depends
to radiate in the required frequency.
This type of antenna is very ecient for a directive irradiation,
and its cost is aordable, so that makes them very useful.
The dimensions of the dish with respect to the opening should be
proportional to obtain acceptable radiation.
Referencias
[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parabolicantenna,
[2] Paul Wade.PARABOLIC DISH ANTENNAS,
[3] http://www.radartutorial.eu/06.antennas/Parabolic20Antenna.en.html,