Dept. de Fsica-ETSEIB-UPC Mecnica fonamental Tardor-2012.

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FORMULARI


11-7-2012

Tema 1. Fonaments fsicomatemtics de la mecnica

, ,
U U U
U
x y z

=

;
U
dU U dr dt
t

= +

; , ,
dr dx dy dz
v
dt dt dt dt

= =

;
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
, ,
d r d x d y d z
a
dt dt dt dt

= =

v
R
dv
dt
= ;
v
v
v
=

R dv
n
v dt
= ;

b v n = ;
2

dv v
a v n
dt R
= +

Tema 2. Mecnica duna partcula

=

F ma ; =

p mv ;
2
1
=

t
t
I F dt ; =

dp
F
dt
; =

I p
( ) ( )
=

P P
M r F ;
( ) ( )
=

P P
L r p ;
2
1
( ) ( )
=

t
P P
t
Y M dt ;
( )
( )
=

P
P
dL
M
dt
;
( ) ( )
=

P P
Y L
2
1
:
=

P
C P
W F dr ;
2
1
2
=
c
E mv ; =
c
W E fora conservativa: F dr dU =

= +
c
E E U ; = =

dW
P F v
dt

Tema 3. Mecnica d'N partcules
1
1
=
=


N
CM i i
i
r m r
m
;
1
=

CM
Cos
r r dm
m
;
( )
( )
1( ) 2( )
1( ) 2( )

=



fi fi
ini ini
n v v
e
n v v
;
( )
1
0
=
=

N
i i i i
i
F ma r
slid rgid:
( )
= +

i C C i
dr dr d r ;
( )
= +

i C C i
v v r
Tema 4. Esttica dels slids rgids

0 =

F ;
( )
0 =

O
M ;
( ') ( )
1
'
=
=

N
O O i
i
M M OO F

= dp gdz ; = =
fluid fluid
E P gV ;
2 1
1
( )
2
F g L z z a = + ;
2 1
2 1
( 2 )
3( )
+
=
+
F
L z z
x
z z

0
a a
a
F r =

; 0 ( 1, ..., )
i
U
i L

= =

Tema 5. Dinmica del slid rgid en el pla

d
dt

; ( )
i j i j
v v r r =


2
( ) ( )
1
N
C i C i
i
I mr
=
=

;
( ) ( ) C C
L I = ;
( ) ( ) C C
M I = ;
2
( ) ( ) C CM
I I md = +
2 2
( )
1 1
2 2
cin CM CM
E mv I = + amb C fix
2
( )
1
2
cin C
E I =

d
CM
( ) CM
I
( ) C
I
C
y
x
1
z
F
F
x
2
z
Dept. de Fsica-ETSEIB-UPC Mecnica fonamental Tardor-2012. 2/2

Tema 6. Petites oscillacions

MHS:
2
0
0 + = x x ( )
0 0
( ) sin = + x t A t
MHE:
2
0
2 0 + + = x x x ( )
2 2 2
0 0 0
( ) sin ;
t
x t Ae t

> = + =
( ) ( ) 2 2
0 1 2 ( ) 0
( ) ;
t t
x t C e C e


+

< = + =
( )
0 1 2
( )

= = +
t
x t C C t e


MHF: ( )
2
0 0
2 sin + + = + x x x B t ; ( )
0
( ) sin
p P P
x t A t = +

2 2
0
2
tan ; sin 0
P P

;
2
2
2
4
p
o
B
A

=

+

2 2 2
0
max 2
P
A = ;
0
max
P
v A = =
Cas d'una massa oscillant: MHS:
2 2 2
0
1 1
2 2
= = E m A kA ; MHF:
0
F mB = ;
0
p
F
Z
A
=

;
2 2
1
sin
2
p P
P Z A =
Tema 7. Ones mecniques

2 2
2 2 2
1
0
y y
x v t

=

( )
0
( , ) sin y x t A t kx = +
2
2 = = f
T

;
2
= k

; = = = v f
T k

; longitudinals:
p
dy
dx
=
; corda:
T
v

=
; fluid:
C
B
v

=

Z v = ;
2 2 2 2
1 1
2 2
dE
I v A Z A
ds dt
= = = ;
R T I
= = ;
1 2
1 2
R I
Z Z
A A
Z Z

=
+
;
1
1 2
2
T I
Z
A A
Z Z
=
+

sin
R R
y A = ;
2 2
1 2 1 2 2 1
2 cos( )
R
A A A A A = + + ;
1 1 2 2
1 1 2 2
sin sin
tan
cos cos
R
A A
A A

+
=
+

Centres de massa d'alguns cossos homognis

CS
r

1
3
h
2
3
h
3
3
h
R

y
x
Arc de circunferncia
y
x
Triangle arbitrari
R

y
x
Sector de cercle
R
z
x
y
Closca semiesfrica
(sense la tapa inferior)
R
z
x
y
Semiesfera ( masss)
h
z
x
y
R
Con ( masss)
2 L R =
sin
, 0
CS
R
r

2
S R =
2 sin
, 0
3
CS
R
r

0, 0,
2
CS
R
r

=

2
2 S R =
3
2
3
R
V

=
3
0, 0,
8
CS
R
r

=

2
3
R h
V

=
0, 0,
4
CS
h
r

=

1
2
S bh =

Moments d'inercia respecte d'un eix d'alguns cossos homognis

cilindre gruixut
1
R
2
R
R
a
b
( )
2 2
1 2
1
2
I m R R = +
massis: prim:
esfera
2
2
3
I mR =
buida
2
2
5
I mR =
xapa prima/gruixuda
1
0 R =
1 2
R R =
( )
2 2
1
12
I m a b = +
barra: 0 ; 0 a c = =
c
disc:
H
0 H =
massisa