Design of 400/220kV

Sub-station
S.M. MUJUMDAR
Genera Manager
!sub-station "ngineering#
2$
t%
A&ri 200' J(oti Stru)tures *t+.,
Mu-bai

Agen+a

./er/ie0 of 400kV sub-station

Design 1ro)ess

Design )onsi+erations

2uestion / Ans0er

3-&. )onsi+erations in substation +esign

Safet( of &ersonne an+ e4ui&-ent

Reiabiit( an+ Se)urit(

A+%eren)e to

Statutor( obigations
5 3.". rues, "n/iron-enta as&e)ts

"e)tri)a +esign )onsi+erations

Stru)tura +esign )onsi+erations

"ase of -aintenan)e

1ossibiit( to "6&an+

S(ste- &ara-eters
7000 -V
!7'8kV#
7000 -V
!920kV#
Ra+io interferen)e /otage at 7M:;
!for &%ase to eart% /otage#
70.
40kA 40kA Rate+ s%ort )kt. <urrent for 7 se). =.
2'--/kV 2'--/kV Min. )ree&age +istan)e $.
7'8kV 920kV <orona "6tin)tion /otage 8.
"ffe)ti/e( eart%e+ S(ste- neutra eart%ing '.
9 9 >u-ber of &%ases 4.
'0:? '0:? Rate+ fre4uen)( 9.
24'kV 420kV Ma6. o&erating /otage 2.
220kV 400kV >o-ina s(ste- /otage 7.
220kV 400kV Description Sr.

S(ste- &ara-eters <ont+..
Remarks 220kV 400kV Description Sr.
!*ine-groun+#
!o&en ter-inas#
480kV
480kV
'90kV
480kV
8=0kV
'20kV
870kV
890kV
iii# .ne -in. &o0er fre4.
0it%stan+ /otage !+r(/0et#
-- for ines
-- for <@ / 3soator

-- for ot%er e4ui&-ents
70'0kV& ii# S0it)%ing i-&use
0it%stan+ /otage !+r(/0et#
70'0kV&
A'0kV&
70'0kV&
7''0kV&
7900kV&
742'kV&
Rate+ insuation e/es
i# Bu 0a/e i-&use
0it%stan+ /otage
-- for ines
-- for rea)tor/ CD-er
-- for ot%er e4ui&-ents
77.

Substation @ir+Ds /ie0

400kV <ir)uit @reaker

400kV 3soator

400kV <urrent Eransfor-er

400kV <VE

400kV Surge Arrester

S%unt Rea)tor F >GR

400/220 kV Auto Eransfor-er

400kV @us 1ost 3nsuator

Ga/e Era&


Bun)tions of substation e4ui&-ents
Eo +is)%arge ig%tning o/er /otages an+
s0it)%ing o/er /otages to eart%
$. *ig%tning Arrester
Eo ste&-+o0n /otages for -easure-ent, )ontro
F &rote)tion
8. Votage Eransfor-er
Eo ste&-+o0n )urrents for -easure-ent, )ontro
F &rote)tion
'. <urrent Eransfor-er
Eo +is)%arge t%e /otage on +ea+ ines to eart% 4. "art%ing s0it)%
Dis)onne)tion un+er no-oa+ )on+ition for
safet(, isoation an+ -aintenan)e.
9. 3soators
Auto-ati) s0it)%ing +uring nor-a or abnor-a
)on+itions
2. <ir)uit @reaker
3n)o-ing F outgoing )kts. <onne)te+ to bus-bar 7. @us-@ar
Function Equipment

Bun)tions of substation e4ui&-ents <ont+H
<o-&ensation of ong ines. 74. Series <a&a)itor
Eo ste&-u& or ste&-+o0n t%e /otage an+
transfer &o0er fro- one a.). /otage anot%er
a.). /otage at t%e sa-e fre4uen)(.
79. 1o0er Eransfor-er
Eo &ro/i+e )o-&ensations to rea)ti/e oa+s of
agging &o0er fa)tors
72. S%unt )a&a)itors
Eo &re/ent %ig% fre4uen)( signas fro- entering
ot%er ?ones.
77. *ine 5Era&
Eo &ro/i+e )onne)tion bet0een %ig% /otage
ine F 1*<< e4ui&-ent
70. <ou&ing )a&a)itor
Eo i-it eart% faut )urrent A. >eutra-Groun+ing
resistor
Eo )ontro o/er /otages b( &ro/i+ing rea)ti/e
&o0er )o-&ensation
=. S%unt rea)tor

Bun)tions of Asso)iate+ s(ste- in substation
9. 3u-ination s(ste- !ig%ting#
-- for s0it)%(ar+
-- bui+ings
-- roa+s et).
Eo &rote)t t%e out+oor substation
e4ui&-ent fro- ig%tning strokes.
2. ./er%ea+ eart% 0ire
s%ie+ing or *ig%tning -asts.
Eo &ro/i+e an eart%-at for )onne)ting
neura &oints, e4ui&-ent bo+(, su&&ort
stru)tures to eart%. Bor safet( of
&ersonne an+ for enabing eart% faut
&rote)tion. Eo &ro/i+e t%e &at% for
+is)%arging t%e eart% )urrents fro-
neutras, fauts, Surge Arresters,
o/er%ea+s s%ie+ing 0ires et). 0it% safe
ste&-&otentia an+ tou)% &otentia.
7. Substation "art%ing s(ste-
-- "art%-at
-- "art%ing s&ikes
-- "art%ing risers
Bun)tion S(ste-

<ont+..
Eo &ro/i+e aar- or auto-ati) tri&&ing of
faut( &art fro- %eat%( &art an+ aso to
-ini-i?e +a-age to faut( e4ui&-ent an+
asso)iate+ s(ste-.
4. 1rote)tion s(ste-
-- &rote)tion rea( &anes
-- )ontro )abes
-- )ir)uit breakers
-- <Es, VEs et).
Bor 1rote)ti/e )ir)uits, )ontro )ir)uits,
-etering )ir)uits, )o--uni)ation )ir)uits
'. <ontro )abe
Bor )o--uni)ation, tee-etr(, tee-
)ontro, &o0er ine )arrier &rote)tion et).
$. 1*<< s(ste- &o0er ine
)arries )o--uni)ation s(ste-
-- ine tra&
-- )ou&ing )a&a)itor
-- 1*<< &anes
Eo &ro/i+e su&&( &at% to /arious
au6iiar( e4ui&-ent an+ -a)%ines.
8. 1o0er )abe

<ont+H
Eo sense t%e o))urren)e of fire b(
sensors an+ to initiate 0ater s&ra(,
to +is)onne)t &o0er su&&( to
affe)te+ region to &in-&oint o)ation
of fire b( in+i)ation in )ontro roo-.
=. Bire Big%ting s(ste-
-- Sensors, +ete)tion s(ste-
-- 0ater s&ra( s(ste-
-- fire &rot. &anes, aar- s(ste-
-- 0atertank an+ s&ra( s(ste-
Bor interna an+ e6terna
)o--uni)ation
70. Eee&%one, tee6, -i)ro0a/e,
.1B
Bor su&&(ing starting &o0er,
stan+b( &o0er for au6iiaries
A. Au6iiar( stan+b( &o0er s(ste-
-- +iese generator sets
-- s0it)%gear
-- +istribution s(ste-

@asi) +ra0ings for +esign/)onstru)tion

Singe *ine Diagra-

Genera Arrange-ent Dra0ing

"e)tri)a 1an an+ Se)tion

<ontro Roo- Ar)%ite)tura a(out

Su&&orting +ra0ings

Stru)tura a(out

"art%-at a(out

<i/i a(out

"re)tion Ie( Diagra-

*ig%ting *a(out

Singe *ine Diagra- 5 220kV

Genera arrange-ent a(out

"e)tri)a a(out

"e)tri)a Se)tion

<ontro roo- a(out

<ontro roo- a(out

Stru)tura a(out

"art%-at *a(out
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@
@

<i/i a(out

"re)tion Ie( Diagra-
EW2 EW2
4S1
4S1
4DTTM-2
EW1
4I
4S1
4LA 4P
4V
4S1 4W 4W
4S1 4S1
4I
4S1
4LA
4S1
R1
4SSTM-D
4T1 4T1 4T1
4S1 4S1 4S1
EW2 EW2
4S1
4S1
4S1
4DTTM-1 4S2 4S2 4S2
EW1
4SSTM-D
4TBSM 4TBSM 4TBSM
4P1 4I 4P3
4S1 4S1
4P1 4I
4IC1
4S1 4S1 4S1
4B 4I2 4I1
4I 4IC2
4S1
4C2 4C1 4I1 4B
EW2 EW2
4SSTM-T
4S2 4S2 4TM
4S1 4S1
4S1
4DTTM-1 4DTTM-2
EW1
4S2 4S2 4S2
4I2
4S1
4IC2
4DTTM-1
4DTTM-1
4DTTM-1
4DTTM-1
4DTTM-1
4DTTM-1
4
S
S
T
M
-D
4
L
A
4
P
4
P
4
P
4
L
A
4
L
A
4
W
4
V
4
V
4
V
4
W
4
S
S
T
M
-D
4DTTM-1
4DTTM-1
4DTTM-1
4
S
S
T
M
-D
4
I
4
I
4
I
4
I
4
I
4
I
4
W
4
P
4
V
4
L
A
4
P
4
L
A
4
V
4
P
4
L
A
4
V
4
W
4
S
S
T
M
-D
4DTTM-1
4DTTM-1
4
S
S
T
M
-D
4
I
4
I
4
I
4
I
4DTTM-1
4
I
4
S
S
T
M
-D
4
I
4
P
3
R
1
R
1
R
1
4
L
A
4
L
A
4
L
A
4DTTM-2
4
P
3
4
P
3
4
I
4
I
4
I
4DTTM-2
4
I
4
I
4DTTM-2
4
I
R
1
R
1
R
1
4
L
A
4
L
A
4
L
A
4
P
3
4
P
3
4
I
4
I
4DTTM-2
4DTTM-2
4
I
4
I
4
P
3
4
I
4DTTM-2
4
I
4
B
4
B
4
B
4DTQB-2 4DTQB-2 4DTQB-2
4
I2
4
I1
4
I
4
P
1
4
IC
2
4
P
1
4
IC
1 4
I2
4
I1
4
I1
4
B
4
B
4
B
4
C
2
4
C
1
4
I1
4
I2
4
C
2
4
C
1
4
I1
4
I2
4
C
2
4
C
1
4
I1
4
I2
4
B
4
B
4
B
4
P
1
4
I2
4
I1
4
IC
2
4
P
1
4
IC
1
4
I2
4
I1
4
I
4DTQB-1 4DTQB-1 4DTQB-1
4
I1
4
C
2
4
C
1
4
I1
4
B
4
I2
4
B
4
C
2
4
C
1
4
I1
4
I2
4
B
4
C
1
4
C
2
4
I1
4
I2
4
W
1
4
W
1
4
W
1
4
W
1
4
W
1
4
W
1
4
W
1
4
W
1
4
W
1
4
W
1
N1
R2
R2
N1

*ig%ting Design

A+e4uate ig%ting is ne)essar( for safet( of 0orking &ersonne an+ .FM

a)ti/ities

Re)o--en+e+ /aue of 3u-ination e/e

<ontro F Rea( &ane area - 9'0 *u6 !at foor e/e#

Eest aborator( - 900 *u6

@atter( roo- - 700 *u6

.t%er in+oor area - 7'0 *u6

S0it)%(ar+ - '0 *u6 !-ain e4ui&-ent#

- 20 *u6 !baan)e Area / roa+ J
groun+ e/e#

Singe @us arrange-ent

Singe @us S(ste-
4. <an be use+ on( 0%ere
oa+s )an be interru&te+ or
%a/e ot%er su&&(
arrange-ents.
9. Se)tionai?ing
in)reases fe6ibiit(
9. @us )annot be e6ten+e+
0it%out )o-&ete( +e-
energi?ing substations
9. Si-&e 1rote)tion
2. >ot use+ for arge
substations.
2. Diffi)ut to +o an(
-aintenan)e
2. Si-&e to .&erate
7. Use+ for
+istribution
substations u&to 99kV
7. Baut of bus or an(
)ir)uit breaker resuts in
s%ut-+o0n of entire
substation
7. *o0 )ost
Remarks Demerits Merits

Main F Eransfer @us

Main F transfer busbar s(ste-
9. Baut of bus or an(
)ir)uit breaker resuts in
s%ut+o0n of entire
substation.
9. 1otentia +e/i)es -a(
be use+ on t%e -ain bus
. 2. S0it)%ing is
so-e0%at )o-&e6
0%en -aintaining a
breaker
2. An( breaker )an be
taken out of ser/i)e for
-aintenan)e.
7. Use+ for 770kV
substations 0%ere )ost
of +u&i)ate bus bar
s(ste- is not Kustifie+
7. Re4uires one e6tra
breaker )ou&er
7. *o0 initia F uti-ate
)ost
Remarks Demerits Merits

Doube @usbar arrange-ent

Doube @us @ar Singe @reaker s(ste-
'. @us )ou&ers faiure takes
entire substation out of
ser/i)e.
4. *ine breaker faiure takes
a )ir)uits )onne)te+ to t%e
bus out of ser/i)e.
9. :ig% e6&osure to bus faut.
2. @us &rote)tion s)%e-e
-a( )ause oss of substation
0%en it o&erates.
2. :af of t%e fee+ers
)onne)te+ to ea)% bus
7. Most 0i+e(
use+ for 88kV,
792k/, 220kV an+
i-&ortant 77k/,
8.8kV, 9.9kV
substations.
7. "6tra bus-)ou&er )ir)uit
breaker ne)essar(.
7. :ig% fe6ibiit(
Remarks Demerits Merits

Doube @usbar 0it% Doube breaker

Doube @us @ar Doube @reaker s(ste-
4. :ig% reiabiit(
9. An( breaker )an be
taken out of ser/i)e for
-aintenan)e.
2. Use+ on( for /er(
i-&ortant, %ig% &o0er,
":V substations.
2. Gou+ ose %af of
t%e )ir)uits for breaker
faut if )ir)uits are not
)onne)te+ to bot% t%e
buses.
2. :as fe6ibiit( in
&er-itting fee+er
)ir)uits to be )onne)te+
to an( bus
7. >ot use+ for usua
":V substations +ue to
%ig% )ost.
7. Most e6&ensi/e 7. "a)% %as t0o
asso)iate+ breakers
Remarks Demerits Merits

Doube -ain F transfer

Doube -ain bus F transfer bus s(ste-
$. @us faut +oes not re-o/e an(
fee+er fro- t%e ser/i)e
8. "it%er -ain bus )an be taken out
of ser/i)e at an( ti-e for
-aintenan)e.
'. Si-&e o&eration, no isoator
s0it)%ing re4uire+
4. A s0it)%ing +one 0it% breakers
9. @reaker faiure on bus si+e
breaker re-o/es on( one )kt.
Bro- ser/i)e
2. :ig%( reiabe
7. 1referre+ b(
so-e utiities for
400kV an+
220kV
i-&ortant
substations.
7. :ig% )ost +ue to
t%ree buses
7. Most fe6ibe in o&eration
Remarks Demerits Merits

.ne F %af breaker s)%e-e

.ne F %af breaker s)%e-e
8. See)ti/e tri&&ing
'. A s0it)%ing b( breaker.
4. "a)% )ir)uit fe+ b( t0o
breakers.
9. Re4uires 7 7/2 breaker &er
fee+er.
2. 1referre+. 2. 1rote)tion an+
auto-re)osing -ore
)o-&e6 sin)e
-i++e breaker -ust
be res&onsi/e to
bot% asso)iate+
)ir)uits.
2. An( breaker )an be re-o/e+
fro- -aintenan)e 0it%out
interru&tion of oa+.
7. Use+ for 400kV
F 220kV
substations.
7. .ne an+ %af
breakers &er )ir)uit,
%en)e %ig%er )ost
7. Be6ibe o&eration for breaker
-aintenan)e
Remarks Demerits Merits

Ring @us

Mes% !Ring# busbar s(ste-
4. @reaker faiure +uring faut on one
)ir)uit )auses oss of a++itiona
)ir)uit be)ause of breaker faiure.
9. Re4uires VEDs on a )ir)uits
be)ause t%ere is no +efinite /otage
referen)e &oint.
E%ese VEDs -a( be re4uire+ in a
)ases for s(n)%roni?ing i/e ine or
/otage in+i)ation
2.Auto-re)osing an+ &rote)tion
)o-&e6.
7. Most 0i+e(
use+ for /er(
arge &o0er
stations %a/ing
arge no. of
in)o-ing an+
outgoing ines
an+ %ig% &o0er
transfer.
7. 3f faut o))urs +uring bus
-aintenan)e, ring gets se&arate+
into t0o se)tions.
7. @usbars ga/e
so-e o&erationa
fe6ibiit(
Remarks Demerits Merits

Mini-u- <earan)es
4900 -- 8400 -- 9. Se)tiona )earan)e
2700 -- 4200 --
!Ro+-)on+u)tor )onfiguration#
4000 --
!<on+u)tor-)on+u)tor )onfiguration#
2. 1%ase to &%ase
2700 -- 9'00 -- 7. 1%ase to "art%
220kV 400kV



<earan)e Diagra-

@us @ar Design

<ontinuous )urrent rating. A-&a)it( )a)uation as &er 3"""L$9=

S%ort ti-e )urrent rating !40kA for 7 Se).# 3"<-=8'

Stresses in Eubuar @usbar

>atura fre4uen)( of Eubuar @usbar

Defe)tion of Eube

<antie/er strengt% of 1ost 3nsuator

Aeoian Vibrations

Gantr( Stru)ture Design
<earan)es >o 0in+ Ma6.
!A<SR $'
0
</ AAA< ='
0
<#
'.
E MN $0O of UES 700O "/er( Da( 4.
E MN 22O of UES >o 0in+ "/er( Da( 9.
98O Min. 2.
>o 0in+ Min. 7.
*i-its Gin+ 1ressure Ee-& Sr.

Sag / Tension calculation : as per S: !02 "##$

<ont+..

S%ort &ircuit Forces calculation

As &er 3"< L =8'
S%ort )ir)uit for)es +uring s%ort )ir)uit
S%ort )ir)uit for)es after s%ort )ir)uit
S%ort )ir)uit for)es +ue to 1in)% effe)t for @un+e+ )on+u)tor
S&a)er s&an )a)uation

Factor o' sa'et( o' 2.0 un)er normal con)ition an) ".$ un)er s%ort
circuit con)ition

s&a)ers

S&a)er s&an Vs S%ort <kt. for)es
*R+,- .F S,+&ER S,+/ Vs &./D0&T.R TE/S./ F.R
400 1V T2/ M..SE +&SR &./D0&T.R
0.00
2000.00
4000.00
8000.00
=000.00
70000.00
72000.00
0 2 4 8 = 70 72 74
S,+&ER S,+/ / MTRS.
&
.
/
D
0
&
T
.
R

T
E
/
S

.
/

,
E
R

,
-
+
S
E

/

1
*
.

"art%ing Design

Gui+ing stan+ar+s 5 3""" =0, 3SL9049, <@31-229.

400kV F 220kV s(ste- are +esigne+ for 40kA.

@asi) .bKe)ti/esL

Ste& &otentia 0it%in toerabe

Eou)% 1otentia i-it

Groun+ Resistan)e

A+e4ua)( of Groun+ )on+u)tor for faut )urrent

!)onsi+ering )orrosion#

Eou)% an+ ste& &otentia

*ig%tning 1rote)tion 5 Groun+ Gire
FIG-4b FIG-4a

*ig%tning 1rote)tion 5 *ig%tning Mast