DC MOTOR

PRINCIPLE OF MOTOR
SIGNIFICANCE OF BACK E.M.F
Opposite To The Main
E.M.F

I
a
=




TORQUE
Torque is meant the turning or
twisting moment of a force about
an axis.
Work done by this force in one
revolution = Force distance
= Force 2r (Joule)
Power developed= F2rN(W)
= (Fr)2 N(W)
Now 2 N=Angular velocity in
radian/second and Fr =Torque T
Power developed= T Watt

if N is r.p.m. then
MOTOR CHARACTERISTICS
Torque and armature current (T
a
/I
a
):- It is known as
electrical characteristics.
Speed and armature current (N/I
a
):-
Speed and torque (N/T
a
):- It is known as mechanical
characteristics.
Ta I
a
N E
b
/
CHARACTERISTICS OF SERIES MOTOR
CHARACTERISTICS OF SHUNT MOTOR
CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPOUND MOTOR
TESTING OF D.C MACHINES
Break Test
Swinburnes
BREAK TEST
W
1
= Suspended weight in kg
W
2
= Reading on spring balance in kg-wt
R = Radius of pulley in meter
N = Motor or pulley speed in r.p.s
Net pull on the band due to friction at the pulley
is (W
1
W
2
)kg-wt or 9.81 (W
1
W
2
) Newton
The shaft torque T
sh
developed by the motor
=(W
1
- W
2
)R kg-wt or =9.81 (W
1
W
2
) R N-m

Motor output power = T
sh
2 N Watt
= 2 9.81 N(W
1
W
2
) R
=61.68 N(W
1
W
2
) R Watt
Efficiency = output / input =
1 2
61.68 N(W-W ) R
VI
SWINBURNES TEST (NO-LOAD TEST OR
LOSSES METHOD)
Applicable to those machine in which flux is practically
constant i.e. shunt and compound-wound machines
supply voltage= V, no-load input= VI
0
Watt, power input to
armature = V(I
0
-I
sh
) & power input to shaft =VI
sh

No-load power to armature supplies:-
[1] Iron losses in core
[2] Friction loss
[3] Windage loss
[4] Armature cu loss
Constant losses W
c
= VI
0
- (I
0
-I
sh
)
2
R
a

I = Load current
I
a
= I I
sh
(if machine is motoring)
= I + I
sh
(if machine is generating)