Mrunal (Reasoning) Calendar Questions - Finding Day or Date, Concepts, Shortcuts Explained Mrunal

6/13/2014 Mrunal [Reasoning] Calendar Questions: Finding day or date, concepts, shortcuts explained Mrunal
http://mrunal.org/2013/08/reasoning-calendar-questions-finding-day-or-date-concepts-shortcuts-explained.html/print/ 1/14
[Reasoning] Calendar Questions: Finding day or date, concepts, shortcuts
explained
1. Introduction
2. Concept: 7 Day cycle
1. SSC-CGL 2000 Question on 7-Day cycle
3. Concept: Day Gain Day loss
1. What is Leap year?
2. SSC Investigator 2010 (Anniversary)
3. SSC CGL 2011 (Anniversary)
4. CAT-2001 Question on calendar
5. Question 1988 to 1989
6. Speed Technique tip#1
7. Speed Technique tip#2
4. Concept: Date Without reference Day
1. Table#1: The odd days
2. Tablet #2: Number-Day
3. What day of week was on 15th ugust,1947?
4. Speed increase tip#1:
5. Find the day on 10th May, 1857?
6. Speed Technique #3
5. Mock questions
Introduction
Article prepared with help of Mr. Deepak Singh.
There are two main types of questions from Calendar
when youre given a reference day
when youre given no
reference Day
What day of week was it on 5th November, 1989 if
it was Monday on 4th April, 1988 ?
a. Monday
b. Tuesday
c. Saturday
d. Sunday
What was the day on 15
th
august 1947?
a. Sunday
b. Monday
c. Tuesday
d. Friday
Here question tells us that 4
th
April 88 was
Monday, so we have a reference day.
Here question doesnt give
us any reference day.
can be solved with just two concepts
1. 7 day cycle
2. day gain-Day loss concept
need to just mugup 2 table,
and few steps.
Although calendar question is not asked every year in every exam. But If and when
calendar question is asked, just follow the given procedure and youll get the
accurate answer= one mark is guaranteed=in that sense, cost: benefit is great.
Concept: 7 Day cycle
Name of the day will repeat after seven days.
1
st
August 2013= Thursday. Therefore 1
st
August + 7 =8
th
August also has to be
Thursday.
Then what day will be 10
th
August 2013?
1
st
August =Thursday => 1+7=8 August is
also Thursday
And 8 August + 2 =10 August will be
Thursday + 2 days =>Saturday.
lets try a simple question from SSC
SSC-CGL 2000 Question on 7-Day cycle
If 9
th
of the month falls on the day preceding Sunday, then on what day will 1
st
of
the month fall?
a. Friday
b. Saturday
c. Sunday
d. Monday
As per the question 9
th
of the Month=Saturday. (day preceding Sunday)
Day name repeats after 7 days.
Therefore 9 minus 7=2
nd
of the given month is also Saturday.
Then 1
st
of the given month= Saturday Minus one day = Friday, Ans A
Concept: Day Gain Day loss
When we proceed forward by one year, then 1 day is gained and vice-
+1
year
versa.Example,9
th
August 2013 is Friday, therefore 9
th
August 2014 has to
be Friday+1=Saturday.
Reverse is also true. When we move backward by one year, then 1 day is
lost.
9
th
August 2014 is Saturday, therefore 9
th
August 2013 has to be Saturday
minus 1=Friday.
+2
Leap
Year
When we proceed forward by one leap year, then 2 days are gained and
vice-versa. Example If it is Wednesday on 10th august 2011 then it
would be Friday (Wednesday +2) on 10th august 2012 [because 2012 is a
leap year]. The reverse is also correct: If 22nd April, 1988 = Friday , then
22nd April,1987 = Wednesday. (-2 days)
Exception to Leap Year day gain day loss the date must have crossed 28th
February if the coming year is a leap year for adding 2 days otherwise add 1 day.
For e.g.
If 26th January 2011 is Wednesday then 26th January 2012 would be
Thursday (even if 2012 is leap year we have added +1 day, because 28th of
February is not crossed).
If 23rd March 2011 is Wednesday then 23rd march 2012 would be Friday
(+2 days. As 28th February of leap year is crossed).
What is Leap year?
A normal year has 365 days. A leap year has 366 days (the extra day is the 29th of
February)
A year which is divisible by 4 is a leap year except, if it is divisible by 100 then
we have to check it by dividing by 400. For e.g.
1. 1988, 2008, 2012, 2016 etc. all are leap years as divided by 4.
2. 2000, 2400, 1600 etc. all are leap as divided by 400 (100 and 4 too).
3. 1700, 1800, 2100, 2200 etc. are not leap years as they are not divisible by
400 (even if they are divisible by 4).
Lets try a sum
SSC Investigator 2010 (Anniversary)
On 5
th
December 1993, Nirmala and Raju celebrated their anniversary on
Sunday. What will be the day on their anniversary in 1997?
a. Wednesday
b. Thursday
c. Friday
d. Tuesday
Normal year jump +1 gain; Leap year jump +2 gain.
years day gain
1994 1
1995 1
1996 (leap year) 2
1997 1
total days 5
Sunday plus five days
1. Monday
2. Tue
3. Wed
4. Thursday
5. Friday
Answer (C) Friday
lets try one more with a bit difference:
SSC CGL 2011 (Anniversary)
Mrs. Susheela celebrated her wedding anniversary on Tuesday 30
th
September
1997. What will she celebrate her next wedding anniversary on same day (Tuesday)?
1. 30 Sept 2003
2. 30 Sept 2004
3. 30 Sept 2002
4. 30 October 2003
After 7 days=> day name will repeat
30
th
September
day gain
1998 1
99 1
2000 (leap) 2
2001 1
2002 1
2003 1
total days 7
Meaning whatever was the day on 30
th
sep. 1997 itll repeat on 2003
Therefore, after 1997, next time Mrs.Susheelas anniversary will be on same
Tuesday on 30
th
September 2003 Ans A.
Now, How about a CAT level question:
CAT-2001 Question on calendar
Dec 9, 2001 is Sunday then what was the day on Dec 9, 1971?
A. Thursday
B. Wednesday
C. Saturday
D. Sunday
Same day gain, Day loss
1971 to 2001=how many jumps?
2001-1971=Total 30 years jump
Out of those 30 years, how many leap years?
72, 76,.,00 (multiples of of 4 and 2000 is also leap year because It is multiple of
400)
but no need to manually count leap years.
if you observe
18 x 4 =(19)72
25 x 4 =(20)00
so from 18 to 25 = total 8 leap years. (plz note: 25-18=7 years, but weve to
include both years as welltherefore.. in such counting, itll be 25-18+1=8 leap
years)
back to the start: 30 years jump and out of them 8 were leap years.
Meaning 22 normal years + 8 leap years = total 30 years
22 normal years (+1 day gain) 22 x 1 =22 days
8 leap years (+2 days gain) 8 x 2= 16 days
total gain 22+16=38 days
38/7=(75)+3 remainder
Meaning whatever was the day on Dec 9, 1971, itll move to +3 days on dec 9 2001
Reverse is also true: Whatever was the day on Dec 2001, itll be three days less on
Dec 9 1971:
Since Dec 2001 was Sunday therefore,
Sunday Minus 3 days= (just count in your head): SaturdayFridayThursday.
Final answer is A: Thursday
Question 1988 to 1989
What day of week was it on 5th November,1989 if it was Monday on 4th April,
1988 ?
1. Monday
2. Tuesday
3. Saturday
4. Sunday
Recall our Day gain Day loss principle
For Non-Leap year, When we proceed forward by one year, then 1 day is gained and
vice-versa.
If 4th April, 1988 = Monday, then 4th April, 1989 = Tuesday (Because 1989 is a
non-leap year)
Remaining days until 5
th
Nov.89
Month Days
April (4 to 30) 26
May 31
June 30
July 31
Aug 31
Sep 30
Oct 31
Nov 5
total 215
=Tuesday + 215
Divide 215 with 7 to find the remainder
215=(30*7)+5 Hence five is the remainder
Back to the problem
= Tuesday + [5 days]
What is the 5
th
day after Tuesday? Count on your fingertip: Wed, Thurs., Fri, Sat.,
Sunday
=Sunday (Final answer D)
Speed Technique tip#1
in above problem, if you dont want to waste time in adding the days like
26+31+30. then use following approach
30 days=(7*4)+2=> 2 remainder
31 days=(7*4)+3=> 3 remainder.
Month Days Remainder with 7
April (4 to 30) 26 5 (because 26=7*3+5)
May 31 3
June 30 2
July 31 3
Aug 31 3
Sep 30 2
Oct 31 3
Nov 5 5
total dont need 26
Divide this by 7 and find remainder: 26=(7*3)+5 so remainder is 5
=Tuesday + 5
= Tuesday + 5 days
=Sunday
Speed Technique tip#2
in speed tech #1, if you dont want to waste time in adding the remainders of seven:
5+3+2. then do following
pickup remainders that add upto 7 and cancel them.
for example 5+2=7. So Ill cancel each such pair in the table. Observe
Month Days
Remainder with 7after cancelling numbers that add upto
7 (e.g. 5+2)
April (4 to
30)
26 5
May 31 3
June 30 2
July 31 3
Aug 31 3
Sep 30 2
Oct 31 3
Nov 5 5
total
dont
need
12
After cancelling the two pairs of (5+2), Im left with four 3s= 12 (because 4 x
3=12)
=Tuesday + 12
now divide 12 with 7 find remainder: 12=7*1 +5
= Tuesday + 5 days
=Sunday
Concept: Date Without reference Day

Example: What was the day on 15
th
August 1947?
To solve this type of questions, youve to first mug up these two tables:
Table#1: The odd days
100 5
200 3
300 1
400, 800, 1200, 1600 etcmultiples of 400 0
ôk but what is the use of above table? It tells us the number of odd days in that
given year. I dont want to bore you with the theory so just mug up those values.
Tablet #2: Number-Day
0, 7 Sunday
1 Monday
2 Tuesday
3 Wednesday
4 Thursday
5 Friday
6 Saturday
Just remember that 1 to 6 is Monday to Saturday and 0 or 7=Sunday.
ôk but what is the use of above table? just hang on for a few more paragraphs and
youll know! Now lets try a sum
What day of week was on 15th ugust,1947?
Step 1:
Subtract the given year by 1.
1947 -1 = 1946
Step 2:
Break into relevant years as in table #1.
100 5
200 3
300 1
400, 800, 1200, 1600 etc (multiples of 400) 0
Therefore,
1946 = 1600 + 300 + ( 46 )
Step 3:
Now write corresponding values from the table: 1600=0 and 300=1
1946=>0+1+(46)
Step 4:
Now for the number in bracket (46), divide it by 4 and add quotient in same line.
in this case 46=(11x4)+2 therefore, 11 is quotient and 2 is remainder. Were
concerned with number and quotient here
1946=0+1+(46+11)
Step5:
Now add all these numbers and divide by 7
0+1+(46+11)
=58
And when you divide 58 by 7, you get 58= (7*8)+2. Therefore remainder is 2.
we got the number 2 = well call this our 31Dec Number
Observe second table
0, 7 Sunday
1 Monday
2 Tuesday
3 Wednesday
4 Thursday
5 Friday
6 Saturday
From this table we can see that 2=>Tuesday
It means 31
st
December 1946 was Tuesday. Now we apply our 7day cycle concept
to find out the day on 15
th
August 1947 using the following formula
Given day= (our 31Dec Number 2)+ *how many days till we reach 15
th
August?*
Step 6
from 1
st
Jan 1947 till we reach 15
th
August 1947
days in given month
Jan 31
feb (not leap year) 28
march 31
april 30
may 31
june 30
july 31
august (upto 15
th
Aug)
15
total 227 days
back to the bold part
(Our 31Dec Number)+ *how many days till we reach 15
th
August?*
=2 + 227
=229
Step 7
Divide this number (229) by 7 and whatever remainder you get= that is our day from
table #2
229/7=(32*7)+5
so 5 is the remainder and as per table#2
0, 7 Sunday
1 Monday
2 Tuesday
3 Wednesday
4 Thursday
5 Friday
6 Saturday
5=>Friday.
That means 15
th
August 1947 was Friday.
Speed increase tip#1:
in above 15
th
August example, Back to the step6
31Dec Number+ *how many days till we reach 15
th
August?*
after that, we did following:
from 1
st
Jan 1947 till we reach 15
th
August 1947
days in given month
Jan 31
feb (not leap year) 28
march 31
april 30
may 31
june 30
july 31
august (upto 15
th
Aug)
15
total 227 days
âs you see we had to sum of 31+28+31.=lot of time taken in doing the addition
(+).
So, it is better to just add remainders for each month with 7
30=(7*4)+2=> 2 remainder
31=(7*4)+3=> 3 remainder.
Now observe again
from 1
st
Jan 1947till we reach 15
th
August
1947
days in given
month
remainder with
7
Jan 31 3
feb (not leap year) 28 0
march 31 3
april 30 2
may 31 3
june 30 2
july 31 3
august (upto 15
th
Aug)
15
1 (because
14+1)
total 227 days 17
now instead of 227 we can simply write 17
Our 31Dec Number+ *how many days till we reach 15
th
August?*
=2+17
=19
Therefore 19/7 = its remainder will tell us the final day
19=(7*2) + 5=therefore remainder is 5 and as per table#2, 5 means Friday.
Find the day on 10th May, 1857?
Subtract 1 from the given year
1857-1=1856
Now breakup 1856 as per our table #1
100 5
200 3
300 1
400, 800, 1200, 1600 etc (multiples of 400) 0
1856
=1600+200+(56)
write corresponding values from table#1
=0+3+(56)
Divide the bracket number by 4 and write quotient along with number
56=14*4 + 0 therefore quotient is 14
1856
=0+3+(56+14)
add these numbers and divide by 7 find remainder
=73/7
=remainder 3
Speed Technique #3
after doing the division with 4 to find quotient step, you got following
=0+3+(56+14)
Whenever you see the multiple of 7, just scratch that number (because itll give
remainder zero anyways)
for example
=0+3+(56+14)
Here both 56 and 14 are multiples of 7 so even if you divide them by 7, youre
going to get zero as remainder.
=0+3+0+0=3 is 31Dec Number
as per table#2: 3 means Wednesday. Meaning 31
st
December 1856 was
Wednesday
now our 31Dec Number+ how many days till 10th May, 1857?
from 1
st
Jan 1857till we reach 31
th
May 1857
days in given
month
remainder with 7
Jan 31 3
feb (not leap year in 1857) 28 0
march 31 3
april 30 2
may 10
3, Because 10=(7 x
1)+3
total *not needed* 11
back to our problem
our 31Dec Number+ how many days till 10th May, 1857?
=3 + 11
=14
when 14 is divided by 7 we get zero as remainder.
as per table#2
0, 7 Sunday
1 Monday
2 Tuesday
3 Wednesday
4 Thursday
5 Friday
6 Saturday
Zero means Sunday. so final answer 10
th
May 1857 was Sunday.
Extra facts:
1. The 1st day of a century must be Tuesday, Thursday, or Saturday.
2. The last day of a century cannot be Tuesday, Thursday, or Saturday.
Mock questions
1. In 2013, Gandhis birth-anniversary is on Wednesday. In which nearest future
year, will his birth-anniversary be on Monday?
2. If 29
th
April 2013 is Monday then what is the day on 30
th
November 2013?
3. If June 11, 2013 is Monday, what was the day on July 11, 2000
4. What was the day on 9/11 attacks in 2001
5. What was the day on 26/11 attacks in 2008
Answers
1. 2017
2. 30/nov/13=Saturday
3. 11/jul/00=Monday
4. 11/09/01=Tuesday
5. 26/11/08=Wednesday
For more articles on aptitude, visit Mrunal.org/aptitude
URL to article: http://mrunal.org/2013/08/reasoning-calendar-questions-finding-
day-or-date-concepts-shortcuts-explained.html
Posted By Mrunal On 09/08/2013 @ 22:58 In the category Aptitude

Mrunal (Reasoning) Calendar Questions - Finding Day or Date, Concepts, Shortcuts Explained Mrunal

Cargado por

Información del documento

Título original

Derechos de autor

Formatos disponibles

Compartir este documento

Compartir o incrustar documentos

Opciones para compartir

¿Le pareció útil este documento?

¿Este contenido es inapropiado?

Copyright:

Formatos disponibles

Mrunal (Reasoning) Calendar Questions - Finding Day or Date, Concepts, Shortcuts Explained Mrunal

Cargado por

Copyright:

Formatos disponibles

6/13/2014 Mrunal [Reasoning] Calendar Questions: Finding day or date, concepts, shortcuts explained Mrunal

También podría gustarte