1

Universidad Simn Bolvar

Asignatura: Principios Fisicoqumicos en Geofsica I
Profesora: Ana Cabrera
Trimestre: Enero Marzo 2013

Formulario


RENDIMIENTO




MQUINAS TRMICAS







(CICLO DE CARNOT)



REFRIGERADORES







BOMBAS DE CALOR







1
C
F
C
F C
Q
Q
Q
Q Q
+ =
+
=







1
2
1
2
1 1
T
T
Q
Q
= + = c















SEGUNDA LEY


ENTROPA











gastada Energa
producida Energa

= c
T
dq
dS
rev
=
W
Q
= c
C
Q
W
= c
0 , 0 , 0 0

< > > =
F C F
Q W Q Q
( )

F C
F
C F
F
Q Q
Q
Q Q
Q

=
+
=
0 , 0

> < =
F C F C
Q Q Q Q
W
Q
C

= c
2



CLCULO DE ENTROPA

PROCESOS REVERSIBLES



0 = AS




} }
= = A
T
dT C
T
dq
S
P P

1
2
ln
T
T
C
P
=

} }
= = A
T
dT C
T
dq
S
V V
1
2
ln
T
T
C
V
=










ENTROPA Y EQUILIBRIO












ECUACIONES DE GIBBS




















( ) A TS U A = A(T,V) Energa de Helmoltz

0 s + s dW SdT dA


( )
( )
0

s + s
= + =
+ =
+
VdP SdT dG
TS H PV A G
PV TS U G
G PV TS U

Energa de Gibbs G = G(T,P)



} }
= = = = A
T
L m
T
q
dq
T T
dq
S
rev
. 1


0
T
dq
dS
T
dq
dS
dS dS dS
ent
sist
ent
ent
ent sist univ
=
=
> + =
} } } }
+ = + = A
V
dV
nR
T
dT C
V
dV
T
nRT
T
dT C
S
V V
dW TdS dU + s
3



RELACIONES
TERMODINMICAS

PROCESOS REVERSIBLES
EN EQUILIBRIO
MATERIAL

































RELACIONES
TERMODINMICAS

PROCESOS REVERSIBLES
EN EQUILIBRIO
MATERIAL








P
V
A
S
T
A
T V
=
|
.
|

\
|
c
c
=
|
.
|

\
|
c
c

S
T
G
V
P
G
P T
=
|
.
|

\
|
c
c
=
|
.
|

\
|
c
c



P
V
U
T
S
U
S V
=
|
.
|

\
|
c
c
=
|
.
|

\
|
c
c


V
P
H
T
S
H
S P
=
|
.
|

\
|
c
c
=
|
.
|

\
|
c
c













RECIPROCIDAD DE EULER









SdT VdP SdT TdS VdP TdS dG
SdT TdS dH dG
TS H G
SdT PdV SdT TdS PdV TdS dA
SdT TdS dU dA
TS U A
VdP TdS VdP PdV PdV TdS dH
VdP PdV dU dH
PV U H
= + =
=
=
= =
=
=
+ = + + =
+ + =
+ =
V V V
V
T
S
T
T
q
T
U
C
|
.
|

\
|
c
c
=
|
.
|

\
|
c
c
=
|
.
|

\
|
c
c
=
P P P
P
T
S
T
T
q
T
H
C
|
.
|

\
|
c
c
=
|
.
|

\
|
c
c
=
|
.
|

\
|
c
c
=
S P
S V
P
T
S
V
VdP TdS dH
V
T
S
P
PdV TdS dU
|
.
|

\
|
c
c
=
|
.
|

\
|
c
c
+ =
|
.
|

\
|
c
c
=
|
.
|

\
|
c
c
=


-

P T
T V
T
V
P
S
VdP SdT dG
V
S
T
P
PdV SdT dA
|
.
|

\
|
c
c
=
|
.
|

\
|
c
c
+ =
|
.
|

\
|
c
c
=
|
.
|

\
|
c
c
=
-


4






CLCULO DE U































CLCULO DE H
















CLCULO DE S













|
|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
|
|
.
|

\
|
= A
|
.
|

\
|
+ =
} }
2
1
2
1

V
V
T
T
V
V
dV P T dT C U
dV P T dT C dU
k
o
k
o
( )
( )
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
|
|
.
|

\
|
= A
+ =
} }
2
1
2
1

P
P
T
T
P
P
dP V T V dT C H
dP V T V dT C dH
o
o
|
|
.
|

\
|

|
|
.
|

\
|
= A
=
} }
2
1
2
1

P
P
T
T
P
P
VdP dT
T
C
S
VdP dT
T
C
dS
o
o
P T
V
U
T
=
|
.
|

\
|
c
c
k
o
V TV
P
H
T
+ = |
.
|

\
|
c
c
o
( )
PdV TdS dV
V
U
dT
T
U
dU
T V
=
|
.
|

\
|
c
c
+
|
.
|

\
|
c
c
=
=

V T, U U
( )
VdP TdS dP
P
H
dT
T
H
dH
VdP TdS dH
T P
+ =
|
.
|

\
|
c
c
+
|
.
|

\
|
c
c
=
= + =

P T, H H
V
T
V
P
S
T
C
T
S
P T
P
P
o =
|
.
|

\
|
c
c
=
|
.
|

\
|
c
c
=
|
.
|

\
|
c
c

( )
dP
P
S
dT
T
S
dS
P T S S
T P
|
.
|

\
|
c
c
+
|
.
|

\
|
c
c
=
=

,
5







CLCULO DE G













CLCULO DE A



























VdP SdT dG + =
( )
V
P
G
S
T
G
P T G G
T P
=
|
.
|

\
|
c
c
=
|
.
|

\
|
c
c
=

,
|
|
.
|

\
|
= A
=
A A = A
|
|
.
|

\
|
= A
A A = A
}
}
2
1
2
1

cos Pr
V
V
P
P
PdV A
PdV SdT dA
S T U A
VdP G
S T H G
Isotrmi ocesos
( ) TS H PV A PV TS U G = + = +