TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES

tan A = sin A/ cos A sec A = 1/ cos A cosec A = 1/ sin A cot A = cos A/ sin A = 1/ tan A sin2 A + cos2 A = 1 sec2 A = 1 + tan2 A cosec 2 A = 1 + cot2 A sin(A B ) = sin A cos B cos A sin B cos(A B ) = cos A cos B sin A sin B tan(A B ) = tan A tan B 1 tan A tan B

sin 2A = 2 sin A cos A cos 2A = cos2 A sin2 A = 2 cos2 A 1 = 1 2 sin2 A tan 2A = 2 tan A 1 tan2 A

sin 3A = 3 sin A 4 sin3 A cos 3A = 4 cos3 A 3 cos A tan 3A = 3 tan A tan3 A 1 3 tan2 A

B B sin A + sin B = 2 sin A+ cos A 2 2

B B sin A sin B = 2 cos A+ sin A 2 2 B B cos A cos A + cos B = 2 cos A+ 2 2 B B cos A cos B = 2 sin A+ sin A 2 2

2 sin A cos B = sin(A + B ) + sin(A B ) 2 cos A sin B = sin(A + B ) sin(A B ) 2 cos A cos B = cos(A + B ) + cos(A B ) 2 sin A sin B = cos(A + B ) cos(A B ) a sin x + b cos x = R sin(x + ), where R = If t = tan
1 x 2

a2 + b2 and cos = a/R, sin = b/R.

2t 1 t2 then sin x = , cos x = . 1 + t2 1 + t2 sin x =

1 2i

(eix + eix ) ; cos x = 1 2 eix = cos x + i sin x ;

(eix eix )

eix = cos x i sin x