Team Name: Aces We Live in Public - Chelsea - how technology has changed throughout the century, and how

the internet transformed culture - questioning of experimental methods Admiral - Sutton -Differences in social class; somewhat discrimination? -The power of money throughout 20th century, what money can get you both tangibly and when it comes to power socially and in the government, etc. Doris is Coming - Allison - Discrimination: civil rights movement, involvement of younger generation - nonviolent protests (Greensboro sit-ins) Train Dreams - Ethan - modernization (completion of transcontinental railways): encouraged the new wave of immigrant workers - racism on immigrants (Chinese exclusion Acts-made permanent in 1902) Explanation for why the themes for your projects are the themes that characterize the 20th century Explanations for how the texts that you will be using serve to illustrate those themes How you will end this project; you can (and you are encouraged to) project your idea out into the near future--how will you do that? What is your end date and idea for that date

Sources Used - I decided to make my own bibliography, he said that we could each turn in our own, this might be easier for now and then we can always combine them later if necessary The 1960s: Education: Overview." American Decades. 2001.Encyclopedia.com. 10 Mar. 2014

<http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3468302236.html> "Brown v. Board of Education Case Brief Summary." Lawnix Free Case Briefs RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Mar. 2014. <http://www.lawnix.com/cases/brown-board-education.html>. Daugherity, B. J. "Desegregation in Public Schools." Encyclopedia Virginia. Virginia Foundation for the Humanities, 7 Apr. 2011. Web. 13 Mar. 2014 <http://encyclopediavirginia.org/Desegregation_in_Public_Schools#start_entry>

"Education." Boundless. Boundless, n.d. Web. 10 Mar. 2014. <https://www.boundless.com/sociology/stratification-inequality-and-social-class-in-the-us/consequences-of-social-class/education--4/>. Liptak, Adam. "Brown v. Board of Education, Second Round." The New York Times. The New York Times, 09 Dec. 2006. Web. 07 Mar. 2014. <http://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/10/weekinreview/10liptak.html?pagewanted=all&_r= 0>. Menchaca, Michelle. "The Chronicle." The Duke Chronicle. N.p., 5 Oct. 2012. Web. 13 Mar. 2014. <http://www.dukechronicle.com/articles/2012/10/05/de-facto-segregation-publicschools-remains-issue>. "Nazi Doctor, the Death Bringer -Joseph Mengele." Experiments On Humans. N.p., 14 Aug. 2012. Web. 16 Apr. 2014. <http://www.epicweird.com/tag/experiments-on-humans>. Packer, ZZ. "Doris Is Coming." Drinking Coffee Elsewhere. New York: Riverhead, 2003. N. pag. Print. "Peter Nicholson Cartoons." Nicholsoncartoonscomau. Nicholson, n.d. Web. 10 Mar. 2014. <http://www.nicholsoncartoons.com.au/>. Remember the Titans. Dir. Boaz Yakin. 2000. Richmond, Emily. "Schools Are More Segregated Today Than During the Late 1960s." The Atlantic. Atlantic Media Company, 11 June 2012. Web. 13 Mar. 2014. <http://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2012/06/schools-are-more-segregatedtoday-than-during-the-late-1960s/258348/>.

Schmoke, Kurt L., Okianer D. Dark, Prof, and Steven D. Jamar, Prof. "Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas at 50." Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas at 50. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Mar. 2014. <http://www.brownat50.org/>. "Social Inequality and Educational Disadvantage." Home. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Mar. 2014. <http://www.russellsage.org/research/social-inequality/social-inequality-and-educationaldisadvantage>. "Social Injustice: Our Public Education System Harms Low-income and Minority Students | Nevada News and Views." Social Injustice: Our Public Education System Harms Lowincome and Minority Students | Nevada News and Views. Nevada News & Views, 19 May 2010. Web. 10 Mar. 2014. <http://nevadanewsandviews.com/archives/5323>. The Tuskegee Timeline. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Centers for Disease Control and Preventio, 24 Sept. 2013. Web. 14 Apr. 2014. <http://www.cdc.gov/tuskgee/timeline.htm>

Allisons Work Cited: Works Cited "American Freedom Stories: Montgomery Bus Boycott." YouTube. YouTube, 19 Jan. 2014. Web. 17 Apr. 2014. "Birmingham Campaign." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 16 Apr. 2014. Web. 16 Apr. 2014. "Birmingham Erupted into Chaos in 1963 as Battle for Civil Rights Exploded in South." NY Daily News. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Apr. 2014. "Brown v. Board of Education (1954)." PBS. PBS, n.d. Web. 16 Apr. 2014.

"Brown v. Board of Education in PBS' The Supreme Court." YouTube. YouTube, 01 Dec. 2008. Web. 17 Apr. 2014. "Civil Rights Act | Bill of Rights Institute." Bill of Rights Institute Civil Rights Act Bill of Rights Institute Comments. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Apr. 2014. "Civil Rights Act (1964)." Our Documents -. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Apr. 2014. "CIVIL RIGHTS PROTEST ALABAMA 1963." YouTube. YouTube, 23 Dec. 2010. Web. 17 Apr. 2014. "THE GREENSBORO CHRONOLOGY." The Greensboro Chronology. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Apr. 2014. "The Integration of Ole Miss." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 17 Apr. 2014. "Modern American History." Modern American History. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Apr. 2014. "Ole Miss Riot of 1962." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 04 Oct. 2014. Web. 17 Apr. 2014.

Packer, ZZ. "Doris Is Coming." Short Stories of the Civil Rights Movement: An Anthology. Athens, GA: U of Georgia, 2006. 102-23. Print.
"Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)." PBS. PBS, n.d. Web. 16 Apr. 2014. "Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott." Ushistory.org. Independence Hall Association, n.d. Web. 15 Apr. 2014. "The Sit-Ins." Greensboro SitIns. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Apr. 2014. "State of HBCUs." State of HBCUs. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Apr. 2014. "Sunny Nash - Race Relations in America." : Rosa Parks & the Montgomery Bus Boycott Legacy. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Apr. 2014. "Woolworth Lunch Counter." YouTube. YouTube, 23 Feb. 2008. Web. 17 Apr. 2014.

New Technology of the 20th Century

http://retroreport.org/dolly-the-sheep/ http://bootstrike.com/Genetics/Cloning/dolly_the_sheep.php http://schizophreniabulletin.oxfordjournals.org/content/32/1/69.full http://www.cgu.edu/pages/1722.asp http://www.northeastern.edu/research/hsrp/irb/belmont-report/

https://bioethicsarchive.georgetown.edu/nbac/human/overvol1.html Dolly the Sheep February 22, 1997 o http://retroreport.org/dolly-the-sheep/ Dolly was the first mammal to be successfully cloned from an adult cell. It took 277 attempts to make Dolly, even after a lot of other research was performed. The process used to make her is shown on the image on the right. This success started a lasting controversy questioning the ethics of embryonic stem cell work. Now that humans have been cloned, people question if this is something that should actually be done. Unfortunately, Dolly died on February 14, 2003 at just six years old, even though the average life expectancy of a sheep is 12 to 15 years. While some people took this as a sign that cloning was bad, there was no connection between Dollys death and her being a clone (Dolly the Sheep). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yRpOLDGRxAg This video explains how dolly was made, and shows peoples reaction to Dolly. It explains that in the scientific community people were very happy with this idea because they could use to new technology to eliminate diseases and make the world safer. However, the public was worried about the possibility of cloning humans, which caused the government to limit the amount of research being done on cloning and stem cell research. It also explains that science must come a lot further before cloning can be used on a wider scale. New methods have also come about in order to avoid cloning while working with stem cells which eliminates the need to use stem cells. However, people still question whether or not stem cell research should be performed. o http://bootstrike.com/Genetics/Cloning/dolly_the_sheep.php image from this Declaration of Helsinki - June 1964 o image url: http://www.bleedle.net/wpcontent/uploads/2013/05/407311_317958464976772_1676182575_n1.jpg o http://schizophreniabulletin.oxfordjournals.org/content/32/1/69.full o http://www.cgu.edu/pages/1722.asp o This declaration was made after the Nuremberg Trials in 1949 because people across the world were did not ethically agree with the experiments performed by the Nazi doctors.It was published by the World Medical Association. There are several issues that were addressed in the document. Some of these include that the risks of a study should not exceed the potential benefits, and that research should be reviewed by an independent committee before it is performed. This document is broken down into three parts (History of Ethics). The first section of the document stresses that the patients health must come first when a physician is performing an experiment. Then next part of the document states that the subject must be fully informed of the studys goals, funding, the research affiliation, the risks of being involved in the study, and their right to withdraw in order to give consent. This part of the document also says that the only people who are recruited for the experiment should be people who are affected by what the subject being studied. For example, if a doctor is researching

how medicine affects people with schizophrenia, the doctor can only recruit subjects that have schizophrenia. The third section of the Declaration of Helsinki states deals with giving medical care to the people involved in the study. It states that clinical care can only be combined with research if the clinical care has the potential to help the subject. In other words, the clinical care provided must have the ability to treat or diagnose the patient, and the patient must be aware that the care that he or she is receiving is experimental. This document has been edited over the years in order to clarify certain statements (Fischer IV). National Research Act - July 12, 1974 o http://www.tufts.edu/central/research/msword/Medford/Fletcher%20IRB%20Edu cational%20Module-Dec2006.pdf o https://bioethicsarchive.georgetown.edu/nbac/human/overvol1.html o This Act created the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Bio-medical and Behavioral Research. This Commission was made so that ethical principles that should be followed while conducting research involving human subjects could be defined, and guidelines could be followed in order to ensure that humans rights were not abused while participating in the study (Burckett-Picker). The Belmont Report - 18 April 1979 o http://ors.umkc.edu/research-compliance-(iacuc-ibc-irb-rsc)/institutional-reviewboard-(irb)/history-of-research-ethics o The Belmont Report was drafted by the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research. The report tried to establish three basic ethical principles which are respect, beneficence, and justice. The FDA, and other organizations base their regulations on the principles established in the Belmont Report. Below, the principles and application of the ethical principles is outlined. Respect - People who do not have the ability to express how what they would like should still be protected. In order to apply this principle in the real world, informed consent is needed when performing research. In order for something to be considered informed consent, the person must be given information that is presented in a way that they can understand, and the process that the person will undergo must be voluntary. If subjects are not able to comprehend everything, they still must have the right to choose what will, or will not happen to them. Beneficence - The human subjects should not be harmed, and the research should do as much as possible to maximize the good things that will come out of the research and minimize the amount of things that can harm the subjects. In order to ensure that the potential benefits of research outweigh the potential harm that can be caused by it, the research must be assessed before it is performed. Justice - Every subject must have an equal potential to benefit or be harmed by the

research being performed. This includes when picking the subjects for the research. Fair procedures must be used throughout the research, and when choosing subjects for the research (History of Ethics). Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments o January 15 1994 o This committee was created to do further research on experiments that involved exposing humans to radiation which were funded by the government by President Clinton. Clinton wanted to find out what really occurred during the Cold War, in terms of exposing humans to radiation, and try to prevent this unethical action from occurring again. The committee published its findings in 1995. They found that the government conducted research with humans between 1944 and 1975, exposing thousands of humans to radiation. However, many of the cases caused no harm to the people. ACHRE made several recommendations in order to makes sure that humans were not harmed in the future (Executive Summary). The video shows soldiers preparing to be hit by a nuclear bomb, during the Manhattan Project. About 3 minutes and 30 seconds into the video, it is evident that the soldiers are being exposed to a wave of radiation that is hitting them because the people conducting the experiment did not know that they would be exposed to the radiation (Color Footage of Atomic Bomb Tests in Nevada Soldiers Being Exposed to High Levels of Radiation). o http://www.fas.org/sgp/library/humexp/exesum.htm o http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZWSMoE3A5DI Little Albert Experiment - 1920 o Keyser - image http://mathliteracyandlearningpsychology.blogspot.com/2012/10/classicalconditioning.html o During this experiment John Watson was testing to see if fear was innate or a conditioned response. In order to test this he performed an experiment with a nine month old infant. During the experiment he exposed to different animals, including a white rabbit, a white rat, and a monkey. He also exposed the child, nicknamed Little Albert, to cotton wool, burning newspaper, and oter things for two months. After Little Albert was familiar with these objects, Watson wanted to see if he could invoke fear in Little Albert. In order to do this he placed the white rat near Little Albert, and hit a steel bar with a hammer directly behind the babys back every time that he went to touch the rat. After some time, Little Albert associated the white rat with the noise and would start crying as soon as he saw the white rat, anything fluffy, or just white. In the end, Little Albert left the hospital before Watson was able to desensitize him of his fear (Maggie). This image is a visual representation of how the experiment was performed (Keyser) The video gives a good summary of the experiment, and shows actual footage that was taken of the experiment (Baby Albert Experiments).

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FMnhyGozLyE

Quiet: We Live in Public o mid 1990s o http://www.theguardian.com/film/2009/nov/04/josh-harris-we-live-public o During this experiment Josh Harris had eople live in pods in a warehouse and let them live there for free. In exchange, the subjects got anything that wanted while living, such as a shooting range, alcohol, a theatre, drugs, and many other things, but the subjects had to give up their privacy (Smith). In addition, all of their actions were taped. Eventually people started to go crazy inside of the warehouse because they could not deal with the lack of privacy, and did not like that everyone always knew what they were doing. In addition, the experiment got shut down as people living outside of the warehouse found out that people were going crazy. Some people viewed this experiment as a prediction of what will happen in the future as technology and social media become more prevalent in peoples lives(We Live in Public). David Reimer o August 22 1965 - May 5 2004 o David Reimer was born as a boy, and went into the hospital to get a circumcision. Unfortunately, during the procedure his penis was burned off. As a result, his parents went to a psychologist who suggested that David receive a sex change, and his parents eventually agreed to follow John Moneys, their psychologist, advice, and changed Davids name to Brenda, and gave him hormonal supplements to make David into a girl. Brenda grew up confused about many topics, and appeared to be very masculine around the age of 13 while going through puberty. Her parents never told her that she was born as a boy until she was fourteen years old (Maggie). At this point, she decided to have another sex change and become a boy again. It is hypothesized that David committed suicide at a young age of 38 because of the misleading life that he lived (Samantha). John Money only gave the parents this advice to give David a sex change because he wanted to see if nature or nurture determined gender identity, which made all of Davids life an experiment. o http://samanthakatepsychology.wordpress.com/ o http://listverse.com/2008/09/07/top-10-unethical-psychological-experiments/ Nazi Experimentation 1941-1945 o The Nazis did experiments, which were highly unethical, on the people who they captured in the concentration camps.One of the famous Nazi doctors was Joseph Mengele, who studied twins in Auschwitz. He experimented with many different things, such as mass blood transfusions, artificial eye color change, injections, and organ removals without anesthesia. He fled to South Africa before the Nuremberg Trials so that he would not get in trouble for his experimentation. Many other Nazi scientist also performed highly unethical experiments on the underprivileged population (Nazi Doctor). Due to the lack of respect that these Nazi doctors showed toward other humans, it is clear that some sort of ethics guide must be implemented to avoid the exploitation of humans. Tuskegee Experiment 1932-1972

The Public Health Service and Tuskegee Institute paired up to perform an experiment with the hopes of tracking the natural history of syphilis in the hopes of finding treatments. The tests were only performed on black men, who were not given the proper information to have informed consent before the participated in the experiment, and it lasted for forty years. The men did not receive the proper care that they needed to treat their illness, and were not offered the drugs that would help them get better, even when a treatment came out for syphilis in 1947. In addition, the men were never given the choice of quitting the study after penicillin was proven to be an effective treatment for syphilis. Eventually, the experiment was shut down because the knowledge gained from the experiment was not comparable to the risks the study posed for its subjects (The Tuskegee Timeline). This experiment proved that guidelines for human experimentation needed to be set because Americans were not receiving the proper medical treatment even though it was available.

Power of Money Through 20th Century

In Admiral, the reader sees how money takes over Nishas decisions because she must urgently support her family. Money also has a big effect in how the Strikers choose what to do involving the death of their original dog, Admiral. Had it not been for their immense amount of money, they would have never been able to simply clone their dog instead of getting a new one. Looking into the power of money and new inventions, how when new inventions were not widely available they had big impacts. Only the rich were using them, how they changed the face of America and everyday life. http://l3d.cs.colorado.edu/systems/agentsheets/new-vista/automobile/ o History of Automobile o In relation to the ability to clone a dog, in the early 20th century a high end lifestyle choice would have been to buy a car. o Buying a car at first was a luxury, as is cloning in Admiral. o By 1913 when the Model T was invented, more and more people were able to afford a car, making it easy to live in the suburbs. http://www.clonesafety.org/cloning/facts/timeline/ o Gives some basic information on how easily it actually would have been for the Strikers to clone their dog in the time period that Admiral is set. o Once again confirms how much money they had, and the power that came along with it. http://www2.ucsc.edu/whorulesamerica/power/wealth.html o Gives data on who has all of the money in America, and how much of the nations wealth the top 1% has. o The link inserted has a lot of various data on where the wealth and money are in America, as well as how these things have changed over time.
o

Ethans Citation

Works Cited "AT&T Labs - Innovation - Technology Timeline - First Transcontinental Telephone Call | AT&T Labs| AT&T." AT&T Labs - Innovation - Technology Timeline - First Transcontinental Telephone Call | AT&T Labs| AT&T. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Apr. 2014. <http://www.corp.att.com/attlabs/reputation/timeline/15tel.html>. "Aviation History: First Nonstop Continental Flight." History Net Where History Comes Alive World US History Online Aviation History First Nonstop Continental Flight Comments. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Apr. 2014. <http://www.historynet.com/aviation-history-first-nonstopcontinental-flight.htm>. "Ford Motor Company Unveils the Model T." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 17 Apr. 2014. <http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/ford-motor-companyunveils-the-model-t>. "GN History." GN History. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Apr. 2014. <http://www.gnrhs.org/gn_history.htm>. "Highway History." U.S. 2: Houlton, Maine, to Everett, Washington. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Apr. 2014. <http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/infrastructure/us2.cfm%3B%20http%3A//www.ushighways.com/id-us.htm>. "How the NSA's Domestic Spying Program Works." Electronic Frontier Foundation. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Apr. 2014. <https://www.eff.org/nsa-spying/how-it-works>. Johnson, Denis. Train Dreams. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2011. Print. "MotorCities National Heritage Area - Story of the Week." MotorCities National Heritage Area - Story of the Week. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Apr. 2014.

<http://www.motorcities.org/Story/The%2BModel%2BT%2B%2BTransforming%2BAm erican%2BLife-66.html%2520->. "MZTV - Archived Pages." MZTV - Archived Pages. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Apr. 2014. <http://www.mztv.com/newframe.asp?content=http://www.mztv.com/worldhome.html>. "Aug. 31, 1920: News Radio Makes News | This Day in Tech | WIRED."Wired.com. Conde Nast Digital, 29 Aug. 0010. Web. 18 Apr. 2014. <http://www.wired.com/2010/08/0831firstradio-news-broadcast/>. "Telephone History Social Reaction." Telephone History Social Reaction. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Apr. 2014. <http://www.schoelles.com/Telephone/telsocial.htm>. "Timeline of Commercial Aviation." Burns & McDonnell. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Apr. 2014. <http://www.burnsmcd.com/Aviation-Special-Report/Article/Timeline-of-CommercialAviation>. "Wisconsin History Explorer." Federal Highway Act: Later Road Development: Of the Wisconsin Historical Society. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Apr. 2014. <http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/archstories/late_roads/fed_hwy_act.asp>.

Segregation in the 20th Century: Greensboro sit ins: http://www.sitinmovement.org/history/greensboro-chronology.asp http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xbbcjn4d1cE http://stateofhbcus.wordpress.com/tag/greensboro-sit-in/ Four African American young men, Joseph McNeil, Franklin McCain, Ezell Blair Jr., and David Richmond, were college students at North Carolina A&T University in the year 1960. On February 1, 1960, these four men entered the F.W. Woolworth store in Greensboro, N.C., and sat down at a whites only counter. After being refused service, the four black men stayed at the counter until the store closed that day at 5 pm. The next day, after recruiting more black students from North Carolina A&T, the four college students returned to the store with 25 members of the University. Two days later, over 300 students showed up to participate in the sit in. The protests began to spread to other lunch counters with the same segregation rules. These protests spread like wildfire to F.W.

Woolworth stores in cities as far as South Carolina, Florida, Virginia, and even New York City; the sit ins had affected over 50 cities in 13 states. After more than 3,000 arrests, the F.W. Woolworths stores officially became desegregated. The success of this nonviolent movement inspired the push for desegregation in several different locations, including the movies, public pools and parks, beaches, churches, and libraries. Brown v. Board of Education: http://www.pbs.org/wnet/supremecourt/rights/landmark_brown.html http://blsciblogs.baruch.cuny.edu/his1005spring2011/tag/brown-v-board-of-education/ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TTGHLdr-iak In the year 1954, segregation was widespread because of the ruling of Plessy v. Ferguson. This segregation also occurred in the public school system. A case was brought to the Supreme Court on behalf of the parents of students in the Topeka, Kansas school board. They argued that segregated schools were a violation of the Equal Protection clause, for the black and white schools were not and never could be equal. Thurgood Marshall, who was a member of the NAACP and future Supreme Court justice, argued their case. The Chief Justice, Earl Warren, ruled that racial segregation of public schools was a violation of the 14 amendment, and overruled Plessy v. Ferguson. One year later, states were ordered to integrate all public schools with deliberate speed. Plessy v. Ferguson http://www.pbs.org/wnet/jimcrow/stories_events_plessy.html http://www.culturequest.us/ecomm/annstillman/Plessy%20VS%20F.html On June 7, 1892, Homer Plessy, a 30-year old man, sat in the car designated for white riders on the East Louisiana Railroad. Although he was light complexioned and only one-eighth black, he was arrested for violating the Louisiana Separate Car Act. In 1896 the case went to the Supreme Court. The court ruled the Louisiana segregation law as constitutional, arguing that the white and black institutions can still be equal even though they are separate. This court case established the separate but equal precedent, which allowed for segregation to legally occur in the US until the 1950s. Montgomery Bus Boycott: http://www.ushistory.org/us/54b.asp http://sunnynash.blogspot.com/2013/01/rosa-parks-montgomery-bus-boycott-legacy.html http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FE6Yvy--5aw On December 1, 1955 in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks sat down in the colored section of an Alabama bus. When the bus became more occupied and there were no more spare seats in the white section, the driver asked Parks to give her seat to a white man. When Parks refused to move, she was arrested. Martin Luther King Jr. then organized a bus boycott in Montgomery, to peacefully protest the bus segregation laws in Alabama. All blacks were instructed not to ride the buses, but to find alternate transportation to work or school. The boycott was extremely successful; 99 percent of African Americans in Montgomery participated in the boycott. On November 23, 1956, the Supreme Court ruled that segregated busing was unconstitutional, and the boycott was finally over. This boycott was Martin Luther King Jr.s first mainstream civil rights movement. James Meredith: Integrating Ole Miss http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/ole-miss-integration http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ole_Miss_riot_of_1962 After a long lawsuit, James Meredith, African American college student, enrolled at the University of Mississippi. He would be the first black student to attend this all white college in the Deep South. When Meredith arrived to campus in Oxford, Mississippi on October 1, 1962, there awaited a mob of over 2,000 college students to protest his enrollment. Even with the protection of US Marshalls, a fight broke out killing two and injuring many others. This forced president Kennedy to send down thousands of national guardsmen to provide protection for Meredith during the duration of his time at Ole Miss. One year later, Meredith graduated with his degree in political science and went on to
th

continue his education both in Nigeria and at Columbia University. This led to the integration of many other schools located in the Deep South, specifically at the University of Alabama and in Tennessee. Civil Rights Act of 1964 http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=97 http://billofrightsinstitute.org/resources/educator-resources/americapedia/americapediadocuments/civil-rights-act/ Lyndon Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964 into law on July 2 , 1964. This Act was originally proposed by Kennedy before his assassination, but was ultimately completed and signed during the Johnson administration. The Civil Rights Act prohibited discrim ination in public places, provided for the integration of schools and other public facilities, and made employment discrimination illegal. Birmingham Race Riots http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/birmingham-erupted-chaos-1963-battle-civil-rightsexploded-south-article-1.1071793 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birmingham_campaign http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o54n7HXwOhc In May of 1963, Martin Luther King Jr. and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) led a series of boycotts in Birmingham, Alabama. On May 2 , the movement turned to confrontation, as thousands of African American kids from ages six to eighteen took the streets in protest. This protest lasted for eight days, during which the participants were brutally treaded and abused. Over a thousand children were arrested; children were being attacked by dogs and sprayed by hoses in an attempt to stop the protesting. The cops who were containing and abusing the protesters were led by Eugene Bull Connor, who was a know racist that opposed the desegregation of blacks. By the end of the eight days, some businesses in Birmingham had agreed to take down their White Only signs and some progress was made. These riots were instrumental in paving the path for the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Doris is Coming http://greensborositins.wordpress.com/the-sit-ins/ The short story, Doris Is Coming, by ZZ Packer depicts an African American high school girl, Doris, who is debating her position in the civil rights movement. Doris learns in an all white classroom and is surrounded by white kids her age. She is very conflicted about whether or not she supports the movement, and seeks guidance from her Reverend to make her decision. The story takes place right around the time of the Greensboro Sit-ins, in which students and other blacks protested segregated lunch counters. Doris decided to participate in her own sit-in at a local lunch counter, Clovees Five and Dime. She did not succeed in changing any segregation policy, but felt that she had played her role in the movement.
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Introduction: The twentieth century is a time marked by social change in America. By highlighting the social changes in class lines, technology, civil rights, and ethics, we were able to paint a picture of how these social changes played out.

The documentary, We Live in Public, sparked interest in the ethics of science throughout the 20th century. Josh Harriss experiment, which invaded peoples privacy and caused mental insanity, was shut down by the government, causing further exploration in how peoples changing opinions of human experimentation and science changed over time. T.C. Boyles short story Admiral portrays how different the life of an ordinary, African American college student and the life of white, careless millionaires in the 1990s differed. Through events such as World War I and the Great Depression, it is easy to see how this theme of differences in social classes has carried throughout the twentieth century. In the novel Train Dreams, Denis Johnson illustrates both social advantages and disadvantages brought about by technology in the early 20th century. Ever since their invention, trains and automobiles have allowed for the general public to easily traverse across the continent. On the other hand, technological developments from the 20th century, such as radios, televisions, and the internet, worked to make human contact inevitable. The short story, Doris is Coming, depicts the civil rights movement from the viewpoint of a younger generation, through the character Doris. ZZ Packer influences the reader to think about the impact that black individuals like Doris had on the movement and the desegregation of the United States. Throughout the 20th century, many groups of African Americans joined together to peacefully challenge the segregation laws long present in the United States.