TRNG I HC KHOA HC T NHIN KHOA MI TRNG

BO CO KT QU THC TP KHOA HC TRI T V MI TRNG KHU VC VN QUC GIA BA V

SINH VIN: HONG TH M K 56 CLC NGNH KHMT

GIO VIN HNG DN: 1. GVCC, PGS.TS. Lu c Hi 2. GV.TS. Hong Anh L

H NI, 4/2013

M U
Hng nm, khoa mi trng li t chc cho sinh vin i thc a mn thc tp thin nhin khoa hc tri t v mi trng khu vc VQG Ba V. V ngy 16-18/04/2013 va qua, lp em-lp cht lng cao khoa hc mi trng cng va hon thnh chuyn thc a vi s hng dn tn tnh ca thy Lu c Hi v thy Hong Anh L. Chuyn i thc s b ch, ch vi 3 ngy ngn ngi n gip chng em phn no c nhng hiu bit chn thc v a cht, a dng sinh hc ca khu vc Ba V, bin nhng kin thc sch v thnh ca mnh ng thi c thm nim yu thch i vi mn hc. Em xin chn thnh gi li cm n n thy Lu c Hi, thy Hong Anh L -2 thy khng ch tn tnh ch dy chng em m cn lo lng, chun b chu o cho chng em chng em c mt chuyn i b ch, th v. ng thi em cng xin gi li cm n ti cc thy i cng on khoa mi trng: Nguyn nh He, Trn Vn Thy cho chng em nhng thng tin qu gi , n chnh quyn a phng, ban qun l VQG Ba V, ban qun l trm kh tng-thy vn Ba V, to iu kin cho chng em n thc a thun tin nht . Bo co c xy dng trn c s kt qu thc tp thin nhin Khoa hc Tri t v Mi trng khu vc VQG Ba V trong thi gian t ngy 16-18/04/2013. Cc hnh trnh c th gm: - Ngy 16.04.2013: Trng HKHTN Trung tm Gio dc v pht trin o to, HQGHN - M Pirit Minh Quang - n Trung - Ct 400 - n Vua - Vn C Ngc Nh. - Ngy 17.04.2013: Trung tm Gio dc v Pht trin o to - M Amiang Xm Qut, x Yn Bi Trung tm bo tn ng vt qu him - M nc khong Thun M - Cc im l a cht khong sn trn ng Chm Me Chng. - Ngy 18.04.2013: Trung tm Gio dc v pht trin o to Lng ng Lm im l phin st than cu Trung H - M Kaolin Hu Khnh - n V

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I. Nhng nt c bn v a cht v khong sn khu vc Ba V
1. 2. 3. 4. a tng V phong ha Cc loi khong sn kim loi, phi kim loi v nc khong Nhn nh v minh chng v khai thc v s dng cc loi ti nguyn khong sn khu vc Ba V a dng thc vt, a dng ng vt khu vc Nguyn nhn ca a dng sinh hc ti VQG Ba V Nhn nh v minh chng v khai thc v bo tn a dng sinh hc VQG Ba V

II. Nhng nt c bn v a dng sinh hc VQG Ba V

1. 2. 3.

III. Tho lun v gi tr t nhin x hi ca khu vc VQG Ba V v phng hng pht trin di gc ca sinh vin mi trng
1. Tho lun v gi tr t nhin x hi ca khu vc VQG Ba V 2. Phng hng pht trin di gc ca sinh vin mi trng

I. Nhng nt c bn v a cht v khong sn khu vc Ba V

1. a tng
Khu vc nghin cu c mt cc loi kh a dng v thnh phn thch lc v tui a cht. Theo tui a cht ca cc loi c trong khu vc c th chia ra lm 4 loi: a tng v tin Cambri: l ra : - Ra ty, st sng : c 3 khi bin cht Tin Cambri thuc h tng Thch Khon, tui a cht 1027 t nm, a hnh phn b sm b mi mn thnh cc i thp v thoi - Khu vc th x Sn Ty: cc tin Cambri l ra thuc phc h Sng Hng, tui a cht ng vi Proterozoi ( xp x 2 t nm ), a hnh phn b l cc i thp, thoi, b phn ha v ra tri mnh a tng v tui i C sinh: Phn b ch yu pha nam VQG, vi i din duy nht l h tng Bn it,c tui tuyt i 250 triu nm. Thnh phn ca : vi phn lp, vi dng khi, bt kt, phin xen kp cc thu knh vi. a tng v i Trung sinh: Cc loi ny phong ph v loai v quy m phn b trong khu vc. Chng gm 3 h tng chnh: - phun tro axit, phun tro trung tnh,v mt t phun tro baz xp vo h tng Vin Nam trn - phun tro baz xp vo h tng Vin Nam di - trm tch, trm tch phun tro xp vo h tng Sng Bi

Hnh:

phun tro b nn p thnh lp h tng sng Bi

Cui bazan bt gp trn ng t ct 800m ln nh Vua

 a tng v tui i Tn Sinh - trm tch h tng Vnh Bo - Trm tch h tng H Ni - h tng Thi Bnh - h tng Vnh Phc - Cc trm tch hin i

2. V phong ha
S a dng v thnh phn gc, a hnh phn ct mnh, lng ma ln v m khng kh cao l cc yu t thun li cho vic pht trin qu trnh phong ha v hnh thnh cc kiu v phong ha trn khu vc nghin cu. C 3 loi phong ha in hnh pht trin trn khu vc nghin cu: V phong ha sialit V phun tro Laterit V phong ha ferosialit

Hnh: phong ha h tng sng Bi

Hnh: ong c cha laterit

3. Cc loi khong sn phi kim, phi kim loi v nc khong

Khong sn kim loi C Cu, Au v mt s biu hin qung Pb, Zn. Khong sn phi kim C pirit, kaolin, puzowlan, aming, ong, vt liu xy dng,.. C hai m st kaolin: Th c v Chu Mt u c ngun gc phong ho.

Hnh: Amiang ti m Amiang Xm Qut ( 2 phn mu trng )

Hnh: m qung spirit Minh Quang

 Nc khong L mt trong cc loi hnh khong sn tim nng ca khu vc do khu vc nm trn cc t gy a cht.

4. Nhn nh v minh chng v khai thc, s dng cc loi ti nguyn khong sn khu vc Ba V
hnh thnh 1 vi im khai thc khong sn mang quy m ln mang li hiu qu kinh t cho ngi dn v chnh quyn a phng ng thi cung cp nguyn vt liu phc v cng nghip a phng v cc khu vc khc. Tuy nhin khong sn khai thc vn phn ln l khong sn th, c gi tr kinh t thp

Hnh: M Caolin Hu Khnh cung cp nguyn liu lm gm s cho nhiu xng gm s min Bc Hot ng khai thc gy nhim mi trng, chn ng h sinh thi, nh hng n dn c khu vc - Ra tri t v lm thay i mi trng sng ca cc loi ng thc vt hoang d. Khi thi cng cc cng trnh thm d, khai thc v ch bin khong sn i hi phi gt b lp t mt, thm thc vt vi din tch ln dn n lm thay i mi trng sng ng thc vt hoang d, ph hoi ni c tr v ng di chuyn ca cc loi vt; a hnh b bin dng, t b tri mt. - Gy nhim mi trng nc.

Hnh: nc b nhim kim loi nng ti m spirit Minh Quang

Cc hot ng khai thc v tuyn khong lm cho nc mt v nc ngm b nhim axit, kim loi nng v cc nguyn t c hi khc, gy nh hng nghim trng n nc ging ca nhn dn v ngun nc t nhin. - nhim th nhng v t. Qu trnh khai thc m c bit l khai thc bng phng php l thin lm cho t b ph hoi vi din tch ln. Bi thi t bc v bi thi qung ui chim din tch t ln ng thi gy ra xm thc lm nhim t dn n nng sut gim, cht lng sn phm tr nn xu. - nhim khng kh. Bi to ra trong qu trnh khai thc, qu trnh p nghin qung, vn chuyn bc d qung, qung ui, t thi cng vi lng ln kh c hi bc ln . Di tc ng ca gi v trong iu kin kh hu kh d to ra nhng v n bi t cc bi thi qung ui v t bc gy ra nhim khng kh mi trng cc b. - nhim ting n. m thanh cc v n mn, khoan, ting n ca cc phng tin giao thng gy ra xo trn cc hot ng ca con ngi v cc ng vt hoang d dn n nhiu loi vt phi di chuyn ch do nh hng ca ting n. Nhiu loi khong sn c s dng sai mc ch, hoc cha c khai thc - Hin nay mi a vo khai thc mt vi im nc khong thin nhin Tn Vin v im khai thc nc khong thuc x Bo Yn, huyn Thanh Sn, tnh Ph Th - Trn l trnh pht hin khong sn Caolit c ngi dn sc i ly mt bng xy dng

Hnh: Khong sn Caolit b bc i ly mt bng xy dng -

Hnh: t st en cha du c gi tr cao nhng cha c khai thc

Nhiu khong sn c gi tr kinh t cao, tr lng ln nhng cha k thut khai thc Trong khai thc v s dng mt s loi khong sn c cha cht c hi, ngi dn a phng khai thc t pht, nh l, th cng b qua cc bin php lao ng an ton in hnh l khai thc Amiang vi cng c th s, thiu bo h l ng trong khi Amiang l khong sn ng thi l 1 cht c hi c th gy ung th khi ht hoc n phi

 Mi trng im khai thc qung b ng ca vn nhim, cha c phc hi nh hin trng

Hnh: Mi trng ti m Amiang Xm Qut b ng ca gn 2 nm

II.

Nhng nt c bn v a dng sinh hc vn quc gia Ba V

1.1 a dng thc vt Thnh phn c 450 loi thuc 128 hc thc vt Cy qu him c 8 loi: Bch xanh, Thng tre, Sn mt, Gii l bc, Quyt thn g, Bc gic lin, Hoa tin v Ru hm. C 2 loi c hu l C l Ba V v Bi li Ba V. Cc loi cy c gi tr s dng g nh: Gii l bc, M Hi Nam, Re bu, Kho l to Cy a dng c 2 loi l Trm v Sn C 3 kiu rng phn b trn ni Ba V: rng kn thng xanh ma m nhit i, rng kn thng xanh ma m cn nhit i, rng kn hn hp cy l rng l kim cn nhit i Mt s kiu rng VQGBV: rng ru, rng tha nhit i, rng kn m thng xanh l rng l kim nhit i, rng nhit i m thng xanh ni thp, rng tre, rng ti sinh

1. a dng v thc vt, ng vt ca khu vc

Hnh: rng m nhit i trn ng t ct 800m n nh Vua

Hnh: Cy Dng X thn g Cy Bch Xanh 1.2 a dng ng vt - ng vt c v c 44 loi thuc 9 b Tn b Gm nhm 13 n tht 14 di Ngn chn 6 n su b 2 Nhiu rng 1

Cy Kim Giao

T t

Nhiu da 1

Linh trng 1

S loi -

Cc loi th qu him c a vo sch Vit Nam nh culi ln, gu nga, cy vn, cy mc, sn dng,sc bay tru, sc en, chn bc m bc. Chim c 113 loi, 46 loi, 17 b. Cc loi ch nhi v thu sinh rt phong ph Cn trng c 86 loi, thuc 17 h, 9 b Vn quc gia Ba V c s a dng v thnh phn loi ng vt : th, chim nhng khng c s a dng v thnh phn c th

2. Nguyn nhn a dng sinh hc vn quc gia Ba V

Vn quc gia Ba V c nhiu iu kin thc vt, ng vt pht trin c v s lng loi v s lng c th: C nhiu ai cao nn c nhiu kiu kh hu theo cc ai => h ng thc vt a dng c s phn b theo cc ai cao S phn b cc thm thc vt v ng vt ph thuc rt nhiu vo c im a hnh v h sinh thi cc ai khc nhau. a hnh i t ct 15 m n ct 250 m : chim u th: thc vt: cy bi, cy c t nhin, ng vt: ng vt khng xng sng a hnh ni, t ct 260 tn ti nhiu ai cao khc nhau v a hnh, a vt v cc loi sinh vt, gm: + T ct 260-400 m: ph xanh bng rng trng; ng vt thng gp l cn trng, giun t, vt, cc loi th nh, chim nh, b st,.. + T ct 400- 600 m: rng tr ti sinh sau canh tc + T ct 600-800 m: ph bin l cc loi rng th sinh. Thnh phn loi th, chim phong ph nht Ba V.

+ T ct 800m n ct 1200: rng nguyn sinh kiu rng kn thng xanh l rng l kim nhit i. S a dng v t, => a dng v ng vt sng trong t, thc vt => a dng v ng vt V tr a l xa th , a hnh ch yu l i ni, dn c cn tha tht, cha pht trin cng nghip => cc hot ng ca con ngi cn cha nh hng nhiu n mi trng => rng vn c bao ph phn ln => a dng v ng thc vt Cc hot ng bo tn: nh nc quy hoch thnh vi quc gia vi vng rng cm, vng m => cc hot ng bo tn rng, ngn cm ph rng, sn bn ng vt hoang d, trng rng cc m hnh bo tn ngun gen c tin hnh

3. Nhn nh v minh chng khai thc v bo tn a dng sinh hc vn quc gia Ba V

c nhiu loi cy qu him c mang n trng ti vn quc gia Ba V nh cy Bch Xanh => tng tnh a dng Quy hoch vng rng cm => hot ng nghin cu, iu tra, gim st, bo tn a dng sinh hc Xy dng cc khu bo tn thc vt , v d nh khu bo tn sng rng pht trin mt vi m hnh kinh t, du lch kt hp bo tn ngun gen nh: - M hnh sinh thi vn c Ngc Nh kt hp bo tn vo kinh doanh. y l khu bo tn thin nhin vi tre l cy trng ch yu to ni c tr cho c. Hot ng du lch vn c v khai thc cc sn phm t c nh trng mang li hiu qu kinh t - Trung tm bo tn ng vt qu him kt hp nui cc loi ng vt hoang d trong mi trng nhn to nh gu, nhm v trong mi trng bn nhn to nh cc loi nai, hu, ln rng

Hnh: ln rng c nui ti trung tm bo tn ng vt qu him

Sng rng ti khu bo tn sng rng

III. Tho lun v gi tr t nhin x hi ca khu vc VQG Ba V v phng hng pht trin di gc ca sinh vin mi trng
1. Tho lun v gi tr t nhin - x hi ca khu vc VQG Ba V
Vi v tr a l c bit nm trung tm ni Tn Vin, ni giao nhau gia khu vc ng bng sng Hng v Trung du min ni Bc B v s phong ph, a dng v ti nguyn thin nhin t, nc, kh hu, khong sn, cnh quan; khu vc VQG Ba V c nhiu gi tr t nhin x hi iu ha kh hu, n nh ch dng chy, hn ch ra tri, si mn, st l t Mang li ngun thu ln cho ngi dn, chnh quyn a phng cng ng thi cung cp cc sn phm nng nghip, nguyn vt liu cng nghip cho cc a phng khc t - Hot ng nng nghip: + a dng cy trng theo cc i kh hu, loi t : cy la nc, cc cy rau mu, cy cng nghip, cy n qu, cy thuc + a dng v vt nui: b sa,d, tru, gia cm, - Cc hot ng cng nghip nh khai thc khong sn: Amiang, Kaolin, sunfua, - Dch v: + Du lch sinh thi VQG Ba V, vn c Ngc Nh, khu nc khong Bo Yn + Du lch vn ha: n th Bc H, khu du tch H Ch Tch ti Trng, lng c ng Lm + Du lch ngh dng: Ao Vua, Khoang Xanh, Sui M Phc v cng tc gio dc, nghin cu khoa hc: Ta c th k n : - Trung tm bo tn ng vt qu him: Li nhun thu c t vic bn cc sn phm nh mt gu, tht nhm, tht ln rng cha tr cng cho cn b, nhn vin ca trung tm nhng hot ng ca trung tm vn c duy tr v ngoi vic bo tn mt s gen qu him th n cn phc v cng tc gio dc, nghin cu, th nghim chn ra cc loi th c kh nng thun dng trong mi trng nhn to hoc bn nhn to ( k c mt s loi c ngun gc nc ngoi nh nai Min in,.). t , chn ra nhng loi ph hp nui dng c kinh t hay th v rng, thit lp mi quan h vi cc vn quc gia v cc khu d tr, cc c s c cc loi th cn a v nui dng. Mi quan h ny c th c m rng ra cc vn quc gia cc nc khc do c nhng loi qu him t cc quc gia kh - Trm kh tng phc v cng tc kh tng v nghin cu s thch ng ca cy qu i vi cc kiu thi tit - Cc trung tm hun luyn qun s, vin ti nguyn sinh vt Ngoi ra, ngy xa vi iu kin t nhin thun li ( giao thng vn ti, a hnh) y cn l 1 khu cn c qun s quan trng

2. Phng hng pht trin di gc 1 sinh vin mi trng

Di gc 1 sinh vin mi trng, em xut nhng phng hng pht trin ca khu vc VQG Ba V: Khu rng nguyn sinh, vng li vn quc gia cn c bo tn nghim ngt: - y mnh cng tc kim lm - y mnh cng tc tuyn truyn - Tip tc tin hnh trng li rng ti nhng ni i trc Khu vng m an xen gia pht trin kinh t v bo v mi trng - Pht trin hn na cc m hnh kinh t, du lch kt hp vi bo v ngun gen nh vn c Ngc Nh - nh gi cc tc ng mi trng, dn c m cc im khai thc khong sn mang li quy hoch , qun l khoanh vng cc im khai thc khong sn v khu dn v hn ch thp nht cc tc hi m n em li - Phc hi li mi trng ti cc im khai thc khong sn b ng ca - iu tra c th v cc loi ti nguyn khong sn, nc khong khai thc ti u, hiu qu, trnh lng ph - S dng cc cng c khai thc t gy nhim mi trng, nh hng n ngi dn a phng - Nghin cu k hoch, l trnh di chuyn bi rc thuc thnh ph Sn Ty- ni tim tang nguy c gy nhim ngun nc khu vc

Ti liu tham kho: Hng dn thc tp v cc khoa hc tri t v a dng sinh hc ti khu vc vn quc gia Ba V