E

crAvr sAr vAN nAxu vA THU THAP LryU (SCADA)

t^'

ntl

TS. Ph4m Quang

E[ng

NOi duns chfnh:

*Kh6i niQm SCADA {r *Lich su phat tri6n cira SCADA

*Phfln 1o4i cdcrmg dUng SCADA *C5c kh6i niOm co bin trong hE SCADA hien dai

"Superwsory control and data acquisition (SCADA) is a sysfem that allows an operator to monitor and control processes that are distributed among variaus remote sifes. ..There are four major elemenfs to a SCADA sysfem: the operator, masfer terminal unit (MTU), communications, and remote terminal unit (RTU)."
(Boyer, Stuart, A. SCADA: Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition, lnstrument Society of America, Research Triangle, NC. 1993)

"SCADA rs nof a specific technology, but a fyp* *f mppfr*cff*r:. SCADA sfands for Superuisory Control and any application that gefs data about Data Acquisition a sysfe m in order to contral that sysfem ts a SGADA application."

Bob Berry, www.dpstelecom.com

"(SCADA) Sysfems are used in industry to monitor and control plant sfafus and provide logging facilities. SCADA sysfems are highly configurable, and usually interface to the plant via PLCs."
(

http : //www. hype rd i cti o n a ry. co m/d i ctio

na

ry/)

"SCADA r's a s*Sw#es Sr*grr#? that gathers re*f $sr:* smfunx*ff*n for process control of equipment. SCADA can be used in industries such as telecommunications, oil and gas refining, water and waste control and transportation.The SCADA sysfem gathers information, for example, about the location of a leak as well as determining how criticalff is. The sysfem will also organize and process the information, displaying it for
USETS,,, (http ://www.compute ruser.com/resou rces/d ictionary/defi
n

ition. htm l)

"SCADA sfands for Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition. Ss ffue $#$?s if is *of m f*xdd c*rtfrcf sysfern, foirf rmf&sr rb*e"rsss sr? f** sup*rvfsaqy l*v*d. A purely software package that r's posifio ned on top of hardware to which it in general via Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs), or other commer modules. "
(

ttp //ref . ce rn. c h/C

:

ERN

/C N L/2

00

0/0

3/s c ad a/)

SCADA le viet tdt ct;a Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition SCADA le mQt chyrc ndqg trorg 3 chirc pdng co bin cira mQt hQ th6ng di6u khi6n sin xudt hiqn d?i,
do

li:

w Di6u t<tri6n logic trinh t.u (sequence logic control)

e Di6u khi6n cli6u chinh (regulatory control) e Gi6m sit vd vOn hdnh

SCADA 6m chi mQt dang irng dung chir kh6ng phai ld c6ng nghQ.

H9 SCADA la h9 c6c thi6t bi hO trg cho viQc thlrc hiEn chirc ndng gi6m s5t vd vfln hinh he th6ng c6ng nghg. Cilc thi6t bi ndy kOt hqp vdi nhau dC thUc hiqn di6u khi6n tu xa vd thu thap dfr liqu. SCADA 1i6n quan tryc ti6p t6i ngudi vfln hdnh (operator) vd trong chu trinh xri lf th6ng tin ctra SCADA bao gid cf,ng tA bao g6m ngudi vfln hdnh.

Ilrrg dUng SCADA t6n tai trong cd cbc hg th6ng

san

c6ng nghiQp vi c6c hq th6ng ky thuQt d0n dUng cflng nhu qu6c phdng kh6c nhau. VD: hQ SCADA khi tugng thuy vdn, h9 SCADA cdc dl,1p thuy 19i,...

^u6t

ffi:,

SU ph6ttrii5n cua cdc lre tfrOng sdrn xu6t ldm ra c6c hQ th6ng diAu khi0n vd gi6m s6t tu xa.

dli

k6t hqp cta cli6u khi6n tu xa vdi thu thAp dfi 1i0u d5 hinh thdnh n6n cdc he SCADA. w C6c he SCADA dAu ti6n su dpn g pdc bang ghnd6ng hO do, ddn vd c6c mhy ghi trOn griy.Ngudi vfln hdnh tdc dQng t6i \0 tnO4B c6ng nghe th6ng qua chc f , A nrit 6n, c6ng t6c di6u khi6n,. . . ffi.Ngdy rtay rygt h9 SCADAthudng su dung cdcthitit bi diqn tu sO vir mpng truy6n th6ng.
Nl SU

ffi Bao gorn ba b0 ph$n chinh

thOng.

1A

RTU, MTU vlr mqng truydn

RTU (Rernote Terminal U:nit)

* Thi0t bi <IAu cu6i hiQn tru'dng * Ldm nhiqm vu giao ti6p gi*a he SCADA vir qu6 trinh c6n giiirn sft
v{n hdnh thdng
ffi qua c{w cam

bi6n

vi

co c6u ch6p hinh.

MTU (Master Terninal Unit)

Thiilt bi dAu cudi trung t0m, cdn ggi lir tr4m chtr trung tdm (Master
Station)

* Lim nhiQm vp giao tiSp gifra ngud'i v$n hinh vi hQ SCADA

10

Mang truydn thOng

* Sii dsng n:r$t ho[c ktlt hqp nhi0u loai mpng truyAn th6ng t Ding r10 trao ct0i dfi' liQu gi*a circ RTIJ vir MTU vA/holc trao ddi
dfr' liQ* giira

cic

thhnh ph6n cua MTU.

Lu0ng th6ng tin trong hg SCADA

* Circ clai lugng v$t ly c*a qud trinh dutvc thu ttrqlp th6ng qua cic
cim bi0n vii RTIJ.
& Th$ng ti:r drroc ffiy mhu vh:n5 hoa t4i RTU r6i truydn ud MTU thdng qua m?ng truy0n th6ng # Ngrrli virn hinh ti0p nh$n th6ng tin qua MTU. Ceic thao t6c v$n hinh dugc MTU tip nh$n vi tmyen t6i RTU qua m4ng tnryOn th0ng * RTU chuy6n cdc tQnh v0n hzinh t6'i cfc co'c.4u ch6p hlnh
1l

CAM BIEN

CO CAU CHAP HANH

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18

SCADA System PLC & RTU Controllers

Omidoilrtortsidlsn -

' fl

155- * I ,&$Effiffir isffi I

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Panel

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iffi' *ffi*,,

ffiii

t9

Cac h th1ng di6u khi6n qud trinh c1ng nghe du phdithvc hi|n chwc neng SCADA de gidm sdt vd vQn hdnh.

Cdc he th1ng SCADA sti' dUng de tnu thQp so ti1u vd giam sat vQn hanh cdc c1ng trinh thly lqi, cac he th6ng truy1n tdi dien ndng, cac h thOng giao thOng,...
20

OIl.

Dlrtrlbutlsn Ncturark
ButkTlrmlnd

nr{nGry

T='sffi:

rrc'ttrrcmFlrffi

Hffi# g#H ,1/

&

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:crailltlcrtkl

ffi
Ger

inai

rux

oil & Gas Production

Di*ribution Nctn (,rk

2l

ffi

T[ng hiQu qlre, d0 tin cay

* Gi6m s6t tap ffung * D6nh gi6 duqc trpng th6i cua toin bO hO th6ng
ffi

Gi6m chi phi vQn henh

* Vfln hinh tflp tiung, t6i thi6u h6a dugc luqng nh0n vi6n vQn hinh * Cho ph6p vfln hinh t6i uu todn hQ th6ng
re

VQn hdnh an todn

* Hpn chO dugc sai s6t trong cic thao titc * D6nh gi6 dugc t6c dQng cria vfln hanh d5n circ khu v.uc kh6c nhau
trong toirn hp th6ng
22

w TiCIu

chi ph6n 1o4i *Phdn loai theo quy mO . Theo sO luqng thi6t bi . Theo sO tag *Phdn lopi theo dia bin giSm s6t

. SCADA cpc bQ . SCADA diQn rQng

ffil

PhAn chia thenh

*Nh6
{FVira 4bLdn
23

ffi',

PhAn cimg (Hardware)

*C6c bAng mpch diqn tu sO thyc hiqn c6c nhiQm vU ctra

SCADA {hC6 tinh ch6t
su dpng
cO d,inh,

khdng thay d6i duqc trong qu6 trinh

*C6

sg tuong d6ng nhau ,r0 c6u truc va hinh th*c trong cfc ring dpng diAu khi0n vi SCADA phAn cirrrg hiQn dai thuong dugc ch6 tlo theo dpng module AO Oap tmg tinh da d4r: g oiuacic y6u cAu cria tmg dUng cq th0

tC6c

Firmware

* Chuong trinh ho{c phAn mdm luu trf trong ROM * Kh0ng thay dOi ho[c g6n nhu khOng thay d6i trong so6t thoi gian
lim viQc cua thi6t bi

ThCI

hi$n sg kh6c nhau gifta c6c ch(rc n[ng di6u khiOn

v] SCADA

ffi PhAn

mtlm (software)

* Chuong trinh miry tinh * Co thti thay eOi m$t cdchmAm d6o * LA sU kh6c nhau co bin gi*a cic tmgdung di6u khi6n logic, di0u
khi6n
rtiCIu

chinh

vi

SCADA

25

ffi

Giao th*c truy6n th6ng (protocol)

*LA

t0p hqp c6c quy u6'c chinh thuc quy dinh tly rut Ai9y. khi0n, dinh dang vd dfnh thdi 1i0n quan cira viQc trao d6i thdng diQp gifra hai dOi t6c truy0n th6ng *Vdi mQt ki6u'kCIt n6i v?t,li,v6'i c6c giao thirc kh6c nhau s0 hinh thenh n6n cab U,5t *4ttg khnc nhau. VD: tr0n kt n6i v{t lii da di6m RS485 to nhiAu ki6u m?ng dugc thi6t l$p nhu MODBUS, Profibus,...

# Tinh

thli gian thgc

mi

*Tin

hiqu dua ra kh6ng chi dfing, chinhxfc v0 gi6 tri cin phai dam bio chinh x6c vC thli di0m dua ra'

THrET BI DAU CUOr UIEX rnuOXG (RTU) TROI{G HE SCADA

a

TS. Ph4m Quang

Ding

YOu cdu thgc t0 cria rmg dgng:

a) Qui mO he th6ng: 56 luqng I/O, phdn b6 mat bing, vi trf dialy YOu cdu c6ng nghQ: Phdn do?n sin xu6t, luqng dt liQu, tlQ tin cQy {r Gi6 thenh

HiQu

* *

nlng cua hQ th6ng:

Khi n[ng cflp nhflt dfi liQu, cfp nhat min hinh,
HiQu su6t str dung ducrng truyAn
OOI

{e Tei

vOi cdc thi6t bi dieu Kri6n

Kha ndng h6 trq bOi c6c thitit bi phAn cring

qr Giao diQn mpng, c6u tr(rc m?ng h5 trq Ki6n trfic phdn t6n, co ch6 giao ti6p

Kha ndng hd trq bcri c6c c6ng cp phAn m6m

* *

Ki6n trirc phAn mdm Ndne luc cria co sd dt 1i0u

ffi

Chfc ndng: *Thu thflp dt

liEu valhoic diOu khi6n thitit bi trucrng

*Truy6n dfi 1i0u v6 tr4m trung

tdm
ffi C6u tao

*Dpng thu ggn *Dpng modul

?.OV AC

Soulc,

Op6onel il

Oaafltor Stal&{t/ Prolrarnmirig Tnninal

kogr.mmsh Logb Contottar

&lr

Cdc module chfnh

@Ngu6n

ECPU
@
-m.l,.tA

I ruyOn thOng

eTin
$"

hiOu

C6ch sap d{t

FmgmmrUr

[*in
Anclili*

lnput

3qannd .&r:rple0

ltdd

[il,gl
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I I
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Arai

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f.sepr,l.rr
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r\^

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r.l

tu c*a m*elule d*u v}ro tuang t6

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I A r

w [30

khuy*ch ilai tin hiQu dbuviiLo e,M?ch giir va \{iy mda

chuy0n ttiii Ans
r . ,:

@ 130

mfiiao diqn hus va h0 thdng 'r

@Kieu Single-ended
-..: eKicu vi .

vj c\"n

Phu#ng phxfi k#t n0i vryi ahrx bi*n

sai (difll'erentiai)

tqro ', xung u /

nhip

External Signals
,.r'H1

Host lnput Connector

flh:

ln put
(l }(

u
L]H

Arnpllter with Gain G

m*

= :5
".

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r:t

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tV_,,- I

AGND

AGIIn or OV
Common signal ground $yetenr reference gtiound point

{rr----I------

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Ho$ inp.it connactor

ci.{" }*

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cfli
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pGk..lt

vio: 4, 8 , 16 ho!;c 32 ffi, D0 phan giai: Bbit, l0bit hofic l2bit

ffi SO lugng k6nh d6u
ffi

Khoang tin hiQul 4..20mA, A..z}ffiA, 0..10V, -

10..+10v,...
ffi,

v*o: 24A kohm tdi 1 MOhm mTdc d$ chuy0n dOi A/D: 10us tdi 30ms ffi, Kieu tcOt n6i cim bi6n: single-endedldifferential
Trcy kh6ng d0u

10

6qp

RrnoicScmc

1l

ffi. SO

kenh dAu ra: 4,8 hoflc 16

ffi

D0 phan giai: 8hit, l0bit hoflc l6bit

t6i 30ms ffi Kho hngtin hipu dAu ra: 4..20mA/*10V/0-10V

ffi,TOc d0 bi6n dOi
1Ous

AID:

t2

fii

*ung d6 chi th1 **r: trangthai vhtin

trryug

hiOu bh* dOng nhu

tkei valve, r:*ng t6c hanh trinh. N. C**" th*ng s6 co btxn:

w##l; LHI) chi thi *W& th{*: colkhong &#i$n ap r1fiu v**:24V,48V DC hoac tr I $ft$AV AC 'e-Cach ly ha[c khSng cach ly

t3

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Optical lsolation

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lnterface
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Nhi0u u'ng clUng yOu c6u d&u vlro ki0u xung va thrrc hiQn elruc nhngh$ d0r-r"r

6$;

C6* th#ng

s&:

wS* ltrcrng dAu vi*: ?, 4 ho{ic I w#ung trwqng b$ dern: th*ngthrrc'ng lb 16bit t65 536) wT#n s* dfiu vi* $i *a @#0 r$ng xilng thi*h hqp tai tfin s* t$i da: thuo-ng lil 50%

15

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Addr*s*.and Ssto Er;* l!'terfacs Cirsrliiry

Ceiunler C*rd

t6

W Co 3 dpng d0u ra sO di0n hinh:

* Chuy0n mach Triac * Chuy6n mpch ti6p di6rr relay * EAu ra diQn 6p TTL
W

MQt sd luu

i khi sil dpng dtu ra sd

*D6u ratrtac su dpng cho chuyOn rnpch xoay chiOu. Khi triac switch-off
v6n t6n t4i ddng do.

* Dong xung phai dir nho (1/2 chu kj'). Dong xung cldi c6 th0 g6y hong
module

* Luu y ve ddng di$n sir dgng cua module. Vfi tai cliQn c*m cAn thit phai
su clpng diode hoic m4ch R-C.
t7

0t$Put:l

PBsitel

Dbital Output 2
*
f,

Output S

Dbitsi

18

Digitel Qutput Module

Flywheel triade

r__}{___"I ll I tiIS,Q,
Lsad

+:.-

vrtas*

Diu ra li
Digital 0utput Module

diQn 6p mQt chidu

r** tl
Digita! Output Chanhel

'
tl

*-rm0U
Load

l[ ?tw

'

uo voltase

Diu ra li

diQn 6p xoay chidu

19

*Sum*rtt
ffib{tsl *t$pu*

mlrr*

*utput

ffiigital

rc

Sink cuffent: Module lii1 dbng tir ngoii ffi Source current: Module c6p dong ra ngoii ffi Sink culrent vi Source cuffent t6n tai kh6ng chi v,&i DO mA cdn vdi citc module vlro/ral<h6c
20

re

RTU c6 th6 c6 c6c c6ng giao dien truyOn th6ng dC thgc hiqn truyAn thdng vdi MTtl nhu sau:
*RS23 2lRS422lRS48s *Duong diQn thopi quay s}lcilp viSn th6ng

*S6ng c$c nghn

*v9

tinh

*Giao thirc chuy6n m4ch goiX.Z5 *TruyAn thdng radio vdi VHF/UHF/900MHz

2t

ffi Ph6n

cring

* CAu tpo kitiu module * Sd lugng RTU trong mgt phdn dopn h0 thoile: ti5i da t6i 255
kh6c
't

il Lim viqc tin cfly: 15i 6'm0t module kh6ng dugc iinh hu0ng t6i module

* Cffu tqo vfrng chic'vi hoqrt-cl$ng tin cpy trong mdi trubng kh[c nghiQt
(tiOu t6n ft diqn ning, dq phdt nhi$t th6p, nhiqt cl$ 650C, d0 6m 9A%\

lim vipc tu -10 tdi

* *

Ngudn c6p dim bio, c6 du Phong COng truyOn thOng dg Phbng C6 th6 ki6m tra 15i t4i ch5, kiOm tra 15i dr xa

+ DA ding th6o/lXp

* C6c chi ti0u v0 mOi trudrng lim viQc

I

22'

- Firmwars va phAn m0m

clung

&

tuu giii duq" c tht q^ c{rc l6i xity ra trong h$ thdng k6 ca 16i ngoai vA l6i
trong

Plrfin mem phai ho4td$ng li0r tuc Uht cttA^p co th6 mdt nguOn # C6 lhO bfl#tht chuc n4ng lqc cac dAu vao tucrng tir & Chucyng trinh uxg dpng pliai luu trong b0 nh$ NVRAM (non vr:lative

RAM)

# Cd c$ng cp thi6t

"

. .

lr3p cdu hinh cho: Thi0t lap h0 th6ng, thiOt l0o phfrn crlng vd ph&n mdm Lap kinlr irng dpr:g, (pu:dn ly, vprr hinh, ghi vd tm1, nhpp l6i Chirc nlng v{ir hinh t* xaitqi chd
23

& fLC

(Programatrle Logic Control)

1A

b0 c1i0u khi6n logic l$p trintr drrgc

rtiCIu

Ch*c n*ng cua PLO h de thuc hi$n chu'c nSng

nghigp

khi0n logic trong cOng

Cir

sp:

khac nhau kh0ng nhiAu gifi'a PLC va RTU chu6n n6i chung.

24

l.a:Lalt|r
, r,.,,

iii6tilt

,:) ': ):t::.l1ltllll

FB1i,r'r::::

startpB

"t .-LS

cRl

--cRl I

-{H CRi

Mctor

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11 ,, lmd':' ffirtPB ,::,
,,

-rr*T-\-*r PSI
lr, 'ot"*Pt tz
Uo.'Atdgfim.rt

:,',uoArst
'r

Proonnr:Codng
19

iB: SEL :,,']GFH: 1@ :io7, .x@

EL

fia

M.

rramxonrtorr t* loql; g{-iiCnd lbtanuictrontc*rar*ca

,,,,,,,,

inta{9) Pl-c progirrn

codng

r{q/ dasram
:..,,,,
1...,.

Cdc h0 th6ng diCIu khi0n tich hqp (ICMS * Integrated Control and Monitoring System) thyc hien chbachric ndng di0u khi0n logic, diiu khi6n diAu chinh vA SCADA trong cirng mQt hQ th6ng
rcl

CAc b0 di0u khi6n hien truong trong c6c hq ICMS ngodi chuc n[ng lhyc hien c6c lu$t di6u khiCIn cdn thuc hiQn lu6n ca chtc

ning cira RTU Cbc df liqll quA trinh phUc vU cho mpc dich di6u khi6n drrgc su
dUng lr"r0n cho muc dich gi6m s6t ve vQn hanh.
ffi:

Voi cac thi6t bi trulng thOng rninh chfrc nbng caaRTU dugc tich
hqp trong thi6t bi trudng.

26

--'ffiv

Seg:s*ns

A fie*ki[":trs

R:

PLC thyc hi$r: v*i tro cua RTU

27

A fieldhus

IED's

4dil.,,,...,-',,.,....,".,.,,........,*

".,.,,,.,,,-,- "'.

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48