Derivatives, Integrals, and Properties Of Inverse Trigonometric Functions and Hyperbolic Functions (On this handout, a represents a constant,

u and x represent variable quantities)

Derivatives of Inverse Trigonometric Functions d sin1 u dx d cos1 u dx = = p p 1 du 2 1 u dx 1 du 1 u2 dx (juj < 1) (juj < 1)

Identities for Hyperbolic Functions sinh 2x = 2 sinh x cosh x cosh 2x = cosh2 x + sinh2 x cosh2 x = sinh2 x = cosh 2x + 1 2 cosh 2x 1 2

d tan1 u = dx d csc1 u dx d sec1 u dx d cot1 u dx = = =

1 du 1 + u2 dx

1 du p juj u2 1 dx 1 du p juj u2 1 dx 1 du 1 + u2 dx

(juj > 1) (juj > 1)

cosh2 x sinh2 x = 1 tanh2 x = 1 sech2 x coth2 x = 1 + csch2 x

Integrals Involving Inverse Trigonometric Functions Z Z Z p 1 du u2 = sin1 = +C a u 1 tan1 +C a a u 1 sec1 + C a a u (Valid for u2 < a2 ) (Valid for all u) (Valid for u2 > a2 )

Derivatives of Hyperbolic Functions d sinh u dx d cosh u dx = cosh u = sinh u du dx

a2

a2

1 du + u2

du dx du dx du dx du dx

1 p du = 2 u u a2

d tanh u = dx d coth u dx d sechu dx d cschu dx

sech2 u

The Six Basic Hyperbolic Functions sinh x cosh x tanh x cschx sechx coth x = = = = = = e e 2 e +e 2
x x x

= csch2 u

= sechu tanh u = cschu coth u

du dx

sinh x ex ex = x cosh x e + ex 1 2 = x sinh x e e x 1 2 = x cosh x e + ex cosh x ex + ex = x sinh x e ex

Inverse Hyperbolic Identities 1 sech x = cosh x 1 1 1 csch x = sinh x 1 coth1 x = tanh1 x

1 1

Integrals of Hyperbolic Functions Z Z Z Z Z Z sinh u du cosh u du sech u du csch2 u du

2

Integrals Involving Inverse Hyperbolic Functions Z Z p p 1 du a2 + u2 1 du u2 a2 = sinh1 = cosh1 u a a +C +C (a > 0) (u > a > 0)

= cosh u + C = sinh u + C = tanh u + C = coth u + C

sechu tanh u du = sechu + C cschu coth u du = cschu + C

8 1 1 u > > tanh + C (if u2 < a2 ) > > Z a a < 1 du = 2 1 1 u > a u2 > coth + C (if u2 > a2 ) > > a : a Z 1 1 1 u p du = sech + C (0 < u < a) a a u a2 u2 Z u 1 1 p du = csch1 + C 2 2 a a u a +u Expressing Inverse Hyperbolic Functions As Natural Logarithms sinh1 x = ln(x + = ln(x + = p x2 + 1) p x2 1) (1 < x < 1) (x 1)

Derivatives of Inverse Hyperbolic Functions d sinh1 u dx d cosh1 u dx = = p 1 du 1 + u2 dx 1 (u > 1) (juj < 1) (u 6= 0) (0 < u < 1) (juj > 1)

d tanh1 u = dx d csch1 u dx d sech1 u dx d coth1 u dx = = =

du p 2 u 1 dx 1 du 1 u2 dx

cosh1 x tanh1 x sech1 x csch1 x coth1 x

1 du p 2 juj 1 + u dx 1 du p 2 u 1 u dx 1 du 1 u2 dx

1 1+x ln (jxj < 1) 2 1x ! p 1 + 1 x2 = ln (0 < x 1) x ! p 1 1 + x2 = ln + (x 6= 0) x jxj = 1 x+1 ln 2 x1 (jxj > 1)

Alternate Form For Integrals Involving Inverse Hyperbolic Functions Z Z p 1 du 2 u a2 = ln(u + p u2 a2 ) + C

a + u 1 +C = ln 2a a u ! p Z 1 1 a + a2 u2 p du = ln +C a juj u a2 u2 1 du 2 a u2