Page |1

Chng 16
Ni dung
Cc thnh vin phin dch: .................................................................................................................................................... 2
Gii thiu v nhn rng ......................................................................................................................................................... 2
Tng quan v nhn rng:....................................................................................................................................................... 2
Nhn rng tc v iu hng trong SQL Server ................................................................................................................... 3
Tc v iu hng nh chp ................................................................................................................................................. 4
Log Reader Agent .................................................................................................................................................................. 4
Tc v iu hng vic phn phi ........................................................................................................................................ 4
Tc v iu hng hp nht ................................................................................................................................................. 4
Tc v iu hng hng i c........................................................................................................................................... 4
SQL Server Replication Types ................................................................................................................................................ 5
Phn phi giao dch ............................................................................................................................................................... 5
Nhn bn transaction Nhn bn giao dch ......................................................................................................................... 6
Nhn bn giao dch tiu chun. ............................................................................................................................................. 6
Nhn bn giao dch vi ng k cp nht trong mt cu trc lin kt ................................................................................. 6
Nhn bn giao dch trong mt cu trc lin kt Peer-to-Peer .............................................................................................. 7
Nhn bn d liu snapshot ................................................................................................................................................... 7
Nhn bn hp nht ............................................................................................................................................................... 7
Nhn bn Oracle .................................................................................................................................................................... 8
Cc m hnh SQL Server nhn rng ....................................................................................................................................... 8
Nh xut bn duy nht/ Nhiu ngi thu ........................................................................................................................... 8
Nhiu nh xut bn/ Ngi thu n l ............................................................................................................................... 9
Nhiu nh xut bn/ Nhiu ngi thu ................................................................................................................................ 9
Cng c Replication ............................................................................................................................................................... 9
Lc ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
B lc hng tnh ................................................................................................................................................................... 10
B lc ct ............................................................................................................................................................................. 10
B lc hng tham s ............................................................................................................................................................ 10
B lc tham gia .................................................................................................................................................................... 10
NEW PUBLICATION WIZARD................................................................................................................................................ 11
Thut s thu bao mi ......................................................................................................................................................... 13

Page |2

Cc thnh vin phin dch:

Phm Cao c_0951020014
L Quang Bc_0951020030
Bi Duy Cng_0951020036
Thi Bnh Dng_0951020052
V Vn Mnh_0951020151
Ng Ngc Nam_0951020162
Nguyn Trng Ngha_0951020172
Phm c Nht_0951020180
on Trn Duy Khng_0951020117
L Vn Thin_0951020257

Gii thiu v nhn rng

Th gii ch nn nh hn. Khi ta ni n truyn thng thi nhng ni xa xi dng nh khng cn ch nn qu
xa.
Nhiu ngi trong chng ta lm vic trong cc cng ty trn ton cu, hoc bn hng lu ng.
Chng ta cn cung cp s truy cp d liu v dch v bt c ni no cho ngi dng ca chng ta. SQL
Server
c th cung cp mt cch dng, tng s sn c ca d liu v cc ng dng ca bn thng qua vic s
dng Replication.
Chng ny trnh by mt ci nhn tng quan v vic lm nh th no nhn bn cc hot ng. Bn s c
tm hiu v s khc nhau ca nhng thnh phn ti to nn SQL Server, cng ging nh hc v thit k vt l
v logic.

Tng quan v nhn rng:

SQL Server Replication vn hnh tng t nh cc phng tin truyn thng. Trong thc t, nhiu thut ng
c s dng trong Replication
Cng c s dng vi nhng tp ch v bo ch phn phi.
Replication bt u ti server v c bit n l publisher, Cng ging nh mt t bo thu thp nhng bi vit
ca cc c gi quan tm n. publisher s
bin son v sp xp d liu vo cc Article.v to ra n phm bao gm mt hoc nhiu Article.
c c d liu cho subscriber, th cn c publisher. Trong SQL Server Replication, cng ging nh trong
kinh doanh bo ch, nhng ngi ng k c th la chn nh phn phi cung cp cc n phm cho h, hoc
h c th i n nh phn phi nhn n phm.
iu ny cng ging nh i n mt quy bo hoc ca hng c ph yu thch ca bn v chn mt t bo.
SQL Server cng cho php bn xc nh c cho d publisher cng l Distributor, hoc nu
server khc c s dng th cng nh l mt Distributor trung gian.

Page |3

y l nhn xt trong mt s cc iu khon quan trng c s dng on cui, v c mt s s xem trc

ca SQL Server Replication phn Agents, gip cung cp mt s hiu bit r rng hn v cch Replication
lm vic:
Publisher: server cung cp cc ngun d liu, iu s to ra s sn c cho ngi ng k.
Article: Mt b su tp cc d liu tn ti nh mt phn ca mt n phm Replication.
Publication:Mt hoc nhiu bi vit vit ng vai tr nh mt n v ca s Replication.
Distributor: server chu trch nhim cung cp d liu cho ngi ng k.
Subscriber: server hoc client nhn c mt n phm.
Push Replication: l mt phng php Replication, nh m nh phn phi cung cp d liu n ngi
ng k.
Pull Replication: l mt phng php Replication, nh m cc yu cu d liu ca cc thu bao c c
t
nh phn phi.
Publisher/Distributor: server xut bn ng vai tr l nh phn phi ring ca mnh.
Replication SQL Server c th c s dng cung cp d liu n mt c s d liu khc (c th c s
dng cho phn tch v bo co dch v) nh mt vn phng t xa s dng ng dng a phng.
hoc cc ng dng cho khch hng n hoc s dng khng ng b. Khi la chn mt chin lc Replication,
bn phi c mt s hiu bit vng chc cc d liu s c s dng nh th no
Hy xem xt nhng cu hi sau y:
ngi s dng cn truy cp vo d liu up-to-the-minute, hoc h c th lm vic vi d liu c cung cp
trn mt k hoch c c thng xuyn hay khng?
khi ngi s dng cn c th thay i d liu,v nn thay i mt cch ng b, vi ngun nguyn liu
ban u ng khng?
cc d liu c bt ngun t mt ngun duy nht, hoc nhiu ngun khc nhau s c s dng cung cp
cc d liu cho mt c s d liu tp trung?
Tim cu tr li cho nhng cu hi ny (v nhiu hn na) c th gip bn thc hin cc quyt nh thch hp.
Bn c th s dng thng tin ny xy dng cc gii php,lm cho cc ng dng c s d liu ca bn
p ng cng ngy cng hu ch hn cho ngi dng ca bn.
Cng lu rng khi Replication c cu hnh, mt h thng c s d liu phn phi mi c to ra s c
t tn. C s d liu ny c s dng cho lu tr siu d liu v thng tin lch s v cu trc lin kt
Replication ca bn, c s d liu phn phi s c to cho mt trng hp duy nht ca SQL Server v
c chia s gia tt c cc c s d liu.

Nhn rng tc v iu hng trong SQL Server

By gi, bn nm c ngha thut ng v c mt tng v nhng g m ngi s dng ca bn cn, l thi

gian c mt ci nhn n cc c ch ng sau vic nhn rng. Phn ny gii thiu nhn rng cc tc v khc nhau
m c sn cho gii php ca bn. Nhn rng cc tc v iu hng l cc chng trnh chy cc nhim v nht nh
kim sot chun b v phn phi d liu ca bn. Cc tc v iu hng c s dng ph thuc vo cc loi nhn
rng c s dng trong gii php ca bn. Mt s cc tc v iu hng ny l c sn cho tt c cc loi nhn bn,
v mt s c th ch ra mt loi nhn rng.
Vic nhn rng da trn cc dch v SQL Server Agent, khi my ch l mt nh xut bn hoc nh phn phi t
ng ha qu trnh nhn rng. Mc d c th t thc hin nhn rng cc tc v iu hng, nhng c th hiu qu hn
so vi ban u . m bo rng dch v SQL Server Agent ca bn ang chy v trong nhiu trng hp, n phi c
cu hnh bt u khi my ch bt u

Page |4

Tc v iu hng nh chp
Vi vic nhn rng trong SQL Server, Snapshot Agent c s dng cho hu ht cc loi nhn rng. Snapshot Agent
c thc hin ngi phn loi v chu trch nhim v vic chun b khi to cc tp tin d liu v lc thng tin
v cc bi bo co s c xut bn. D liu c ghi vo mt th mc nh chp trn cc h thng tp tin v ng b
ha d liu c ghi vo c s d liu phn phi. Bng cch ny, khng ging nh cch sao lu ton b cng vic khi
c khc bit v vic s dng hoc sao lu cc bn ghi iu chnh cng vic .

Log Reader Agent

The Log Reader Agent c s dng c bit vo vic nhn rng vn iu chnh. Khi vic iu chnh l mt phn
ca vic xut bn c ghi vo bn ghi iu chnh cng vic, the Log Reader Agent Reader sao chp nhng gii
quyt t cc nh xut bn vo vic phn phi c s d liu trn cc nh phn phi. iu ny cho php nhng iu
chnh sau c thc hin trn c s d liu c ng gp . Mi c s d liu tham gia vo vic nhn rng iu
chnh u c Log Reader Agent.

Tc v iu hng vic phn phi

c s dng vi c nh chp v nhn rng giao tc, the Distribution Agent p dng cc bc nh chp cho cc thu
bao, v, trong trng hp nhn rng giao tc, di chuyn cc iu chnh cho cc ngun ng gp. Nu pull replication
c s dng, Distribute Agent c thc hin ti cc ngun ng gp .Nu push replication c s dng, n s
hot ng ti nh phn phi.

Tc v iu hng hp nht
Khi vn nhn rng hp nht c s dng, Merge Agent cung cp nh chp ban u cho cc ngun ng gp,
khng nh Distribute Agent. Mi ng gp c Merge Agent ring ca mnh x l vn thng nht ca d liu gia
cc nh xut bn v ngun ng gp. Mt s tng t khc ,n chia s vi cc Distribution Agent l n hot ng
ngun phn phi cho cc ng gp dng m v ti cc ngun ng gp cho cc ng gp dng ng. khi giao tip
gia cc nh xut bn v cc ngun ng gp, Merge Agent thng ti xung cc thay i cho cc ngun ng gp,
v ti ln thay i cho nh xut bn.

Tc v iu hng hng i c
Queue Reader c s dng vi mt loi hnh c th ca bn sao nhn rng iu chnh m cho php cc ng
gp c th cp nht.Khi cp nht t ngun ng gp c cung cp cho nh xut bn, cc bn cp nht c th
c xp hng i, v sau x l nh mt n v. Tc v ny chy nh phn phi, v ch l mt trong
nhng v d cho tt c cc n phm trong c s d liu phn phi.

Page |5

SQL Server Replication Types

Cc kiu hi p ko di ni v s logic ca m hnh hi p theo topology,mc d ch c 3 kiu chnh(giao
dch,sao lu,hp nht),mi kiu cung cp nhng ty chn cu hnh ph,cho php bn c quyn kim sot hn
i vi d liu t ngun ti ch,v nhng g xy ra khi ti v tr ca n.Xem xt cc kiu hi p khc
nhau,da trn cch d liu s c s dng,v lm th no khi d liu hin ti c quan trng.
C 2 kha cn nh khi chn 1 kiu hi p l autonomy v latency.Autonomy cp n s lng hands-offness ca d liu.Latency cp n lng thi gian tri qua gia khi 1 s thay i c thc hin i vi d
liu v khi d liu hi p i vi ngi thu bao.im khc nhau trong cc kiu hi p c sn l s tng
quan trc tip gia autonomy v latency.
VD:Adventure Works l 1 regional office dng cp nht cht lng hn i vi nhng s liu kinh doanh
cho chng trnh khch l nhn vin.V chng trnh ch c ti vn phng ny v khng cn cung cp thng tin
tr li cho home office.Mt khi home office cung cp d liu cho regional office th h khng lm bt c iu
g khc vi d liu .bt k s thay i no vi d liu n s khng phn x tr li h qun tr CSDL,hn th
na l h tr ngi kim ton vin ca cng ty,trong trng hp ny autonomy v latency cao l hin
nhin.
Regional office cp nht d liu 3 thng 1 ln,v khi cp nht th h s dng d liu theo quyn ring ca
h.Ngc li,1 dy chuyn bn l yu cu theo di real-time cho hng bn l t h thng Point-of-sale ca
h,s khng ch cp nht d liu bn hng ni b m cn m bo rng mi a im bn l v kho ni b bit
c sn phm bn l t ni khc.VD: mt ng dng i hi latency thp.Trong tnh hung ny,khi khch
hng tm kim 1 DVD nhc ra khi c phn ti a im Seattle
Nhn vin bn hng s t vn cho khch hng n a im Bellevue v Tacoma ca m hnh c sn.

Phn phi giao dch

Mc d phn phi giao dch khng phi l 1 phn ca kiu hi p SQL Server.iu quan trng l bit lm th
no phn phi giap dch ph hp vi m hnh phn phi d liu.iu u tin v trc ht bt k giao dch
no c thc hin qua nhiu hn 1 CSDL,ngay c khi n c gn vo cng 1 vd c xem xt l 1 phn
phi giao dch
iu ny bi v phm vi giao dch tn ti bn ngoi bi cnh ca cc CSDL hin ti.VD theo SQL script sau
thc thi trong bi cnh CSDL ca Adventure Works,nhng ch mt trong cc bn thc s c to ra trong cc
tempdb CSDL.V nhng cu lnh CREATE TABLE bc bn trong l cu lnh BEGIN TRANSACTION v
COMMIT TRANSACTION ,chng phi c thc thi hoc ton b khng bin dch thnh cng
y l 1 vd rt n gin lm th no phn phi cc transaction thit k cng vic,nhng bn c c
tng.Khi ng dng c thc thi phn phi nhng transaction tr li vi nhiu multiple server,1 bc b
sung c th c thc hin chc chn s sn c ca mc tiu cc server.y l nhng g c bit nh 1
two-phase-commit(2PC).Giai on u tin l giai on chun b.
Giai on u tin l giai on chun b.
Bc ny chun b cho cc my destination server,c bit nh l nhng source managers,bng cch gi ra
ngoi 1 lnh thng tin chng rng 1 transaction ang n.Source managers mang tt c c th d phng
chc chn rng khi transaction c nhn,n c th x l m khng xy ra li. iu ny gip m bo s n
nh v tin cy ca phn phi transaction.ReSource managers thng tin n ngi qun l
transaction,thng l Microsoft Distributed Transaction Coordinator(MS DTC) hoc cha chun b thnh
cng.

Page |6

Giai on th 2 c thc hin khi tt c nhng resource manager thng bo chun b thnhcng. Trong
giai on ny,ngi qun l transaction mong i nhn c s chuyn giao thnh cng t mi resource
manager.
Khi n thc hin,sau thng bo transaction c chuyn giao ti cc ng dng.Nu 1 trong nhng
resource managers thng bo b li,transaction phi c cun li t tt c cc resource manager,v ngi
qun l transaction thng bo li ti ng dng
Phn phi transaction c th c thc thi trc tip t phng php lu tr hay cc phng phpTransactSQL.
Bn c th dng cu lnh BEGIN DISTRIBUTED TRANSACTION mt cch r rng gi ra phn phi
transaction.Phn phi transaction khng xc nh nh xut bn,nh phn phi v thu bao theo cch hi
p.Thay vo n da trn thit k ng dng kim sot d liu nh th no c x l trn cc my
multiple server,n cung cp lng autonomy v latency t nht,v nhng transaction ngay lp tc c x l
trn cc my destination server

Nhn bn transaction Nhn bn giao dch

Nhn bn transaction (giao dch d liu qu trnh trao i cc lnh thc thi trn d liu) c tr thp nht
v c quyn kim sot ca 3 loi nhn bn d liu.
Nhn bn transaction l kiu nhn bn m bt u bng nhn bn snapshot, sau s tip tc thc hin nhn
bn giao dch d liu da theo snapshot. Khi giao dch c cam kt, nhng ngi p dng cho d liu tham
gia nhn bn transaction c sao chp vo c s d liu distributor trn cc distributor(server qun l cc
thng tin nhn bn). Sau , cc subscribers c th nhn c cc giao dch v p dng cc thay i cc d
liu c sao chp.

Nhn bn giao dch tiu chun.

Nhn bn transactional publication tiu chun c s dng khi subscriber chp nhn cc publication ch s
dng c. iu ny ngn cn cc subscriber c th cp nht cc d liu trn publisher, nhng khng ngn
chn khch hng cp nht d liu trn chnh subscriber. V d, mt my ch t xa c th s dng nhn bn d
liu kt hp vi dch v bo co SQL cung cp truy cp vo lch s v xu hng d liu, v sa i c th
c thc hin ti local, nhng khng th thay i ti cc my ch t xa lc publisher ban u.

Nhn bn giao dch vi ng k cp nht trong mt cu trc lin kt

iu ny cho php thc hin nhn bn transaction mt m hnh, ni bn c mt publisher duy nht vi nhiu
subscribers. Theo nh k, cc subscribers c th cn phi thay i cc d liu nhn bn, trong
cc trng hp,cp nht c gi li cho cc publisher ban u. Cc publisher cung cp cc cp
nht (thng qua distributor) cho tt c cc subscribers. iu ny c th hu ch trong mt mi trng m mt
trang web t xa nhn c d liu doanh s bn hng ca cng ty nhng i khi trnh cp nht lin quan
n b phn bn hng a phng ca h. Cp nht ng k trong
mt cu trc lin kt c th bc cho php cp nht ngay lp tc v xp hng i c cung cp t cc
subscribers. Cp nht ngay lp tc c x l tng t nh cc giao dch phn phi,trong mt cam
kt hai giai on c s dng. Nu cp nht ngay lp tc l khng cn thit, subscriber c cp nht
c th c lu tr trong hng i, v sau p dng khng ng b bt c khi no cc publisher c sn.

Page |7

Nhn bn giao dch trong mt cu trc lin kt Peer-to-Peer

SQL Server vi SQL Server 2005, nhn bn giao dch peer-to-peer to ra mt mi trng m tt c ngi tham
gia cng l publishers v subscribers. Vic thc hin ny cho php bn to ra mt mi trng c s d liu
phn tn, ni tt c cc my ch SQL c th cung cp v nhn c cp nht vi tr thp. iu
ny lm gim quyn kim sot trc y ca nhn bn giao dch, bng cch cho php bt k d liu c thay
i trn bt k my ch, v tt c cc my ch tham gia s nhn c cc bn cp nht. Khi s dng nhn
bn giao dch peer-to-peer, s dng cc tnh nng bo mt SQL c bin php phng nga thch hp m
bo rng d liu ch c th c cp nht t cc a im c ph duyt.

Nhn bn d liu snapshot

Nhn bn snapshot c th c s dng trong nhn bn cu trc lin kt, n c tr ng k t khi thay i
cam kt trn publisher, v khi c cng nhn bi subscriber. Thay v cung cp thng tin cp nht trn c s
transaction-by-transaction, nhn bn snapshot tt c c thc hin ti publisher mt cch nh
k, v sau p dng cho cc subscriber nh mt c th.
Khi mt snapshot c to ra, n c lu nh mt tp tin h thng c th truy cp n cc
publisher, distributor, v subscriber. Nu mt hoc nhiu trong s ny l trn cc my ch vt l khc
nhau, bn nn xc nh mt quy c t tn (UNC) ng dn cho v tr th mc snapshot.Nu tt c cc thnh
phn c lu trn cng mt my ch (c th l trng hp nu bn ang s dng nhn rng nh c mt c
s d liu ring bit trn cng mt my ch cho dch v bo co, phn tch dch v), bn c th s dng
mt ng dn tp tin h thng local. Cc tp tin c to ra bi nhn bn snapshot l cc tp tin c th d
dng p dng cho cc subscriber s dng BCP.
Li ch r rng ca nhn bn snapshot cho cc mi trng khng ng b c th c mt s chm tr gia
cc publisher v subscriber. Tuy nhin, bi v cc snapshot c sao chp v p dng mi ln lp li thi im
xy ra, n c th tn ti nguyn, tiu th mt lng ln d liu. Mc d c nhng la chn c
th cho php bn nn cc tp tin snapshot, cng nh gip gim thiu s dng a v thi gian chuyn giao
gia cc distributor v subscriber.
Nh vi nhn bn transactional, nhn bn snapshot cng h tr vic s dng ng k cp nht ngay lp
tc hoc xp hng i.

Nhn bn hp nht
Merge Replication c s dng trong cc mi trng ni m c client ln my ch u c th lm vic MR
thng c s dng trong mi trng C-S(client-server). V d, bn c 1 i ng nhn vin bn in thoi di
ng, tt c cc thnh vin cn truy cp vo thng tin khch hng, nhng khng phi lc no cng c th truy
cp c vo my ch. Mt phn mm sao chp d liu lin quan khch hng c th gip h c c nhng
thng tin h cn.. H c th s dng ng dng gi n t hng, ha n, ghi chp v theo di khch hng ca
h. Khi h tr v cng ty hoc kt ni mng t xa, h c th ng b nhng thay i ca h vi my ch d
dng..
Merge Riplication a ra nhng thay i ca c s d liu ca bn, nhng ci m dng thay i v ng b
ha.Nhng yu t ny c thit k khng ph trng v cc triggers c to bi Riplication s khng gy
nh hng no ti User-Defined triggers m bn va to.
MR(Merge Riplication) em n c nguyn ra ln phc lnh vi kh nng ng b t nhiu thu bao.Phc
lnh n t kh nng cp quyn cho ngi truy cp offline ti tp hp d liu m h cn.

Page |8

Li nguyn ca n xut pht t thc t rng nhiu thu bao offline cng c gng ng b nhng thay i ti
cng 1 d liu.
C ch theo di s thay i ca MR cho php bn xc nh cch cc xung t c gii quyt gia nhng
thu bao. V d, mt thue bao c bit lm dng dung lng ln hn nhng ngi khc , s thay i ca thu
bao ny s c cn nhc v thm quyn s dng, cng c nhng c ch lp trnh phc tp hn. iu ny cho
php bn to nhng quy tc chi tit hn v gii quyt xung t.

Nhn rng Oracle

Khng, khng phi mt li nh my!! Microsoft Sql 2005 h tr chc nng Replication of Oracle. Hi
vng n lm vic mt cch hon ho l hi ngy th, nhng bn cng nn lm quen vi nhng khi nim v
cn thn vi vic s dng OR(Oracle Replication)
Snapshot Replication t mt c s d liu Oracle hot ng tng t nh bc nh chp SQL Server. Snapshot
i l kt ni cc n phm ca Oracle, v ly hng v to ra cc kch bn lc cho tng cng b
bng. Cng nh vi snapshot SQL Replication, ton b cc tp d liu c to ra mi bng c chy.
Khng ging nh ng nht SQL Replication Server giao dch (theo di cc bn ghi giao dch cho nhng thay
i),
Nhn rng giao dch cho Oracle yu cu rng nhng thay i c thc hin c s d liu Oracle bng cch
to ra theo di
bng v gy nn. Khi thay i mt bng Oracle cng b c thc hin, gy ra chy v chn
thay i vo bng theo di. y khng phi l khng ging nh cc hnh vi nhn thy trong Replication hp
nht. SQL Server, mt ln na
ng vai tr l nh phn phi, thc hin Reader Agent ng nhp di chuyn thay i t bng theo diphn
phi c s d liu. Nh phn phi sau cung cp nhng thay i ti cc thu bao nh trng i.

Cc m hnh SQL Server nhn rng

By gi bn hiu bit v cc loi nhn bn c sn khc nhau, xem xt tip theo trong vic xy dng cu
trc lin kt nhn ca bn l xc nh m hnh s c s dng. Trong khi , loi xc nh dng logic ca
d liu v m hnh xc nh thc hin vt l ca d liu s c phn phi. Bt k cc loi SQL server nhn
rng cng c th c s dng bt k m SQL Server ni trn. Thit k tng th v cu trc lin kt ca
nhn rng nn c xy dng xung quanh cc d liu mc s dng v yu cu v kh nng tip cn yu cu
ca cc user v cc ng dng ca bn .
Mt xem xt khi chn la mt m hnh nhn rng thch hp l c nh xut bn v phn phi trn cng mt
instance. V tr phn phi v tnh sn sng ca mng c th nh hng n quyt nh ca bn v vic s dng
mt nh phn phi a phng so vi mt nh phn phi t xa.

Nh xut bn duy nht/ Nhiu ngi thu

Trong trng hp cc d liu cn bt ngun t v tr duy nht th m hnh Nh xut bn duy nht/ Nhiu ngi
thu c th c s dng cung cp truy cp d liu cho cc im t xa. V d, Adventure Works c vn

Page |9

phng trn khp Hoa k. Vn phng ca cng ty c tr s chnh Tacoma, c th sale d liu c sn cho cc
vn phng t xa ca n nh Omaha, Baton Rouge, v Rochester cho mt ng dng bo co. Trong trng hp
ny, cng ty mun s dng mt nh phn phi duy nht ti vn phng Tacoma cung cp thng tin cp nht
bng cch s dng k thut snapshot tng lnh vc ca c quan.
Trong tnh hung ny, vn phng AdventureWorks s nhn c d liu cp nht thng tin bn hng thng
qua mt phng php phn phi khng ng b. Bi v h s khng c thay i d liu c nhn rng, nn
khng cn phi ng k mi th cp nht v mi vn phng s nhn c cng mt d liu.

Nhiu nh xut bn/ Ngi thu n l

M hnh Nhiu nh xut bn/ Ngi thu n l c th c s dng my ch, my ch s theo di v cp
nht d liu, nhng d liu cn c cng c trn mt server duy nht. Hy nhn vo mt chui cng vic
bn l nh l mt v d lm th no m hnh ny c th thc hin.
Mt nh bn l thit b in t s dng mt c s d liu theo di hng tn kho theo di cc c phiu ti
mi a im.
Mi ca hng duy tr hng tn kho ca ring mnh thng qua b phn vn chuyn v cc im c cc ng dng
bn hng. Mi a im u s dng giao dch nhn rng cung cp nhng thay i v chng khon ti a
phng ca n n mt nh kho trong khu vc, gi c s d liu v thng tin ngi thu. iu ny gip ngi
qun l hng tn kho khu vc theo di khi mt ca hng c th ang chy trn mt sn phm nht nh, v
c y c th sp xp cung cp cc mt hng n ca hng. .Bi v bn sao giao dch c s dng trong cu
trc lin kt ny cho nn cc c s d liu hng tn kho ti cc kho khu vc c cp nht vi s chm tr ti
thiu.

Nhiu nh xut bn/ Nhiu ngi thu

M hnh Nhiu nh xut bn / Nhiu ngi thu hot ng tt cho cc mi trng ni m d liu phi c
c chia s gia cc ng nghip. iu ny c th hu ch trong cc ng dng m cc c s d liu a
phng bit c thng tin v hot ng a phng v vng xa. Mi nh xut bn c th cung cp thng tin
cp nht c thc hin ti a phng nhn rng tt c cc i tc khc tham gia trong m hnh ny, v
nhn c cc bn cp nht lin tip.
V d, ba ngi bn quyt nh kinh doanh vo nh hng bn thc n nhanh, v mi ngi mua quyn chuyn
nhng thng mi trong thnh ph ca h. Mi nh hng u theo di hng tn kho ca ring mnh, cng nh
c th theo di hng tn kho ti cc a im khc. iu ny l qun l a phng c th c coi l c
mt ca hng khc cung cp cc thnh phn ph kin, khi trong trng hp cc nh cung cp khng th cung
cp trong mt thi gian. ngn chn vic c mt bng kim k ring bit tng a im, th nn c mt bn
sao hp nht c th c s dng. Mi ca hng cp nht gi tr hng tn kho ca ring ca n hng ngy v
sau ng b ha vi cc a im khc mi ca hng nhn nhn c cc ca hng tn kho ti cc a
im khc.

Cng c Replication
Khi xem xt cc ty chn cung cp cho thit k cu trc lin kt nhn rng, xem xt b sung c th c
nh gi xc nh nhng d liu c sao chp v lm th no. Phn ny cung cp mt ci nhn tng quan
v mt s cng c c sn v cc th tc c th gip cung cp mt kin trc nhn rng mnh m hn.

Lc
N khng thch hp ti to cc bng ton b t mt my ch n my khc. Trn thc t, bn c th s

P a g e | 10

dng lc
ti nh xut bn gii hn nhng g c sn n cc thu bao. ng k cng c th s dng b lc ti cc thu
bao m bo rng d liu ch lin quan n thu bao c nhn v x l.
Bn loi ca cc b lc c sn:
b lc dng tnh
b lc ct
b lc hng tham s
b lc tham gia

B lc hng tnh
B lc hng tnh c th c s dng vi tt c cc loi nhn rng. Chng c nh ngha ti nh xut bn, v
cho php bn hn ch cc hng s c thc hin trong n phm bng vic s dng n gin mt mnh
WHERE. V d, bn c th cung cp cho cc nh qun l trong khu vc vi d liu ngun nhn lc v cc
nhn vin ti cc v tr tng ng bng cch s dng mt b lc hng da trn cc lnh vc thnh ph ca nhn
vin, hoc v tr xc nh ct khc.

B lc ct
B lc ct c th c s dng loi b cc ct nht nh t tt c cc hng trong mt n phm. V d, nu
bn c d liu ngun nhn lc s c thc hin nhiu c s d liu cho cc ng dng khc nhau,
n khng phi lc no cng thch hp n vic bao gm cc d liu b mt nh thng tin tin lng hoc s an
sinh x hi ca ngi lao ng. Trong trng hp ny, bn c th to ra cc n phm loi tr phn khng
cn thit
d liu t cc n phm m khng cn loi b n t cc bng c s.
B lc ct c th c s dng vi tt c cc loi nhn rng. Tuy nhin, mt s loi ca cc ct c th b loi
tr khi lc ty thuc vo loi sao chp bn ang s dng. Bn c th s dng c hai b lc ct v b lc hng
trong mt n phm duy nht thu hp phm vi ca d liu c cng b.

B lc hng tham s
B lc hng tham s ch c sn vi hp nht nhn rng, v tng t nh trong khi nim b lc hng tnh.
Trong thc hin, mc d, h khc nhau ng k. Mc ch ca cc b lc hng tham s c th to ra nhiu
phn vng d liu s c nhn rng m khng cn phi to ra nhiu n phm.
V d, nu bn s dng cng mt bng c s, v bn c hai thu bao khc nhau m mi thu bao cn mt tp
hp con khc nhau ca cng mt bng , bng cch s dng cc b lc hng tiu chun s yu cu bn phi
to ra hai n phm, mt cho thu bao A, v hai cho cc thu bao B.
Vi b lc hng tham s, bn c th ch nh cho cc thu bao A, bn ang quan tm n cc hng c gi tr
WA, NE, v OK trong lnh vc nh nc. i vi thu bao B, bn quan tm trong vic cung cp hng c cha
cc gi tr CA, OR, v AK trong lnh vc nh nc. Mi tp hp d liu ny tn ti nh mt phn ca cng
mt xut bn.
Cc phn vng c to ra bi cc b lc hng tham s cng c th chng cho ln nhau. S dng v d trn,
nu mt thu bao mi mun tt c cc hng vi cc gi tr WA, OR, NV, v TX trong ct nh nc, th l
mt v d ca mt phn vng chng cho. Bn c th cu hnh phn vng chng cho cho php cp nht t
thu bao n ct bt k, hoc ch ct khng chia s bt k. Cc phn vng khng chng cho c th c thc
hin sn cho nhiu thu bao, ngn chn thu bao t vic cp nht cc thay i. Nu phn vng khng chng
cho ch c sn 1 thu bao, sau thu bao c th lm thay i tt c ct trong phn vng .

B lc tham gia
Cc b lc tham gia cng cn hn ch hp nht nhn rng, v thng c s dng m rng d liu
trong n phm ni m s dng cc b lc hng tham s. Cc hot ng ny tng t nh mt tuyn b JOIN

P a g e | 11

trong Transact-SQL kt hp cc d liu t mt hoc nhiu bng. Cc d liu trong cc bng quan h c
cng b, nu c iu kin ca mnh b lc tham gia.

NEW PUBLICATION WIZARD

Mt khi vic thit k cc Replication topology ca bn c quyt nh, v bn bit loi Replication bn s
c s dng, bn c th c s dng NEW PUBLICATION WIZARD to mt Replication cng b mi.
khi chy Wizard, bt u SQL Server Management Studio v m rng th mc Replication. Click chut
phi v th mc Local Publications v chn New Publication.
Click Next trn trang gii thiu New Publication Wizard. Trn trang tip theo, bn c th chn my ch hot
ng nh nh phn phi. Nh bn c th thy trong hnh 16-1, nu bn cu hnh my ch l nh phn phi,
bn c th s dng my ch cc b. Trong trng hp ny, n s to c s d liu phn phi v gii quyt bn
ghi tp tin. Click Next khi bn chn nh phn phi ca bn.

Trn trang tip theo, bn phi xc nh v tr s c s dng lu tr cc tp tin nh chp. Hy nh rng nu

thu bao ca bn l my khch t xa hoc my ch, bn nn xc nh mt ng dn UNC thay v mt ng
dn tp tin h thng cc b cho php pull subscriptions.
Tip theo, chn c s d liu s c cung cp pulication. V d, chon c s d liu Adventure Works t danh
sch. Sau , chn ra c s d liu thch hp, click Next cho i tip ti trang k, m s hi bn v loi
Replication bn s s dng.

P a g e | 12

Khi trnh by vi danh sch cc ty chn Replication c sn, lu rng mt m t ngn ca tng loi
Replication c sn gip bn xem li nhng loi l la chn thch hp cho ng dng ca bn. V d, chn
Transactional publication v click Next.
Trn trang tip theo, bn c th chn cc i tng s c sn Replication thu bao. Hnh 16-2 cho thy mt v
d bng Sales.CreditCard c chn. Asingle cng b c th bao gm nhiu bi bo, c th table, view, hoc
i tng SQL khc.

.
Trang tip theo trong wizard cung cp cho bn ty chn ca cc hng lc s bao gm trong cng b. Click vo
nt Add cho php bn to ra b lc mi. Lu rng cctuyn bb lccchun bnh l mtcu lnh
SELECTngin, ni bn c th cung cp gi tr cho cc mnh WHERE. Tip theo, bn c ty chn to
ra cc nh chp ngay lp tc, and/or to ra cc nh chp trn mt lch trnh. Chn ty chn to ra ccnh
chpngay lp tcvnhn Next.
Sau bn c th chn cc ti khon Snapshot Agent v Log Reader Agent s chy. Mc d bn c th s
dng ti khon SQL Server Agent ( lm cho bn demo d dng hn), n khng phi l mt thc hnh bo mt
tt, v chng trnh s cnh bo bn iu . Bn c th xc nh mt ti khon Window chy cc tc nhn
di, v mt ti khon SQL c s dng kt ni ti nh sn xut. Bi v y ch l mt s chng minh, i
trc v chn ty chn SQL Server Agent, v bo m rng c hai Snapshot Agent v Log Reader Agent c
cu hnh vi thng tin tng t.
Tip theo, bn c th chn to ra cccng bngay lp tc, n gin to mt bn chnh rng c th s dng
to cng b sau. Chn ty chn to cng b by gi v clik Next. Cui cng, trn trang tm tt, cung cp
cng b mi mt tn ( nh AWCCPub) v click Finish to mt cng b mi. Hnh 16-3 hin th mt ty
chn tm tt c chn trong v d ny

P a g e | 13

Thut s thu bao mi

By gi bn c mt ngun, l thi im to mt ch. chun b cho v d ny, bn s cn
to ra mt c s d liu mc tiu s hot ng nh thu bao. Thc thi on code sau y to mt c s d
liu mi gi l AWReplicationDemo. Bi v khng c ty chn c quy nh c th khi bn to ra cc c s
d liu mc tiu, cu hnh ca n c da trn m hnh c s d liu ca bn, v ch nn cha cc i tng
h thng.
USE master
CREATE DATABASE AWReplicationDemo;
GO
Mt khi c s d liu c to ra, kch chut phi vo th mc Local Subscriptions v chn New
Subscriptions .Nhn Next qua cc trang gii thiu ca wizard, v chuyn sang danh sch cc xut bn phm
(xem hnh 16-4).Lu rng cc n phm c lit k bi my ch, v bn c th s dng danh sch th xung
tm nh xut bn khc SQL hoc Oracle. Chn AWCCPub v kch Next.

P a g e | 14

Figure 16-4: Choosing a publication

Trn trang tip theo, ch nh cho d iu ny s l mt thu bao y hoc thu bao rt .Chn "Push
subscription" v nhn Next. Sau , bn s c hi xc nh c s d liu mc tiu.Chn c s d liu
AWReplicationDemo to ra trc v clickNext.
Sau bn phi chn ng cnh an ninh cho Distribution Agent s chy theo.Ln na, , chn ty chn SQL
Server Agent, v kch Next.
Tip theo, ch nh mt lch trnh thch hp cho cc Distribution Agent.Chn mc nh Run Continuously v
kch Next. Sau , bn s c hi xc nh khi khi to cc thu bao. Chn ty chn mc nh khi to
ngay lp tc.Trn trang tip theo, chn to ra cc thu bao ngay lp tc, v nhn Next nhn thy mt bn
tm tt ca cc la chn ca bn. Hnh 16-5 cho thy mt trang v d tm tt.

P a g e | 15

Figure 16-5: Creating the subscription

. Replication Monitor - B gim st bn sao
SQL Server 2005 bao gm mt B gim st bn sao
hon thin c th c s dng theo di tnh trng ca cc n phm v ng k ca bn. N c th cung
cp thng tin v tr, bn sao lch s, cnh bo, v bo li. Bn c th xem Replication Monitor
bng cch kch chut phi vo th mc bn sao v chn Launch Replication Monitor . Hnh 16-6 cho thy mt
v d v giao din cho cc Replication Monitor

P a g e | 16

Figure 16-6: Replication Monitor

Nu bn kch p vo mt thu bao, bn c th xem cc chi tit ca thu bao, bao gm c lch s gia vic
xut bn v nh phn phi, v cng gia nh phn phi v thu bao.Hnh 16-7 cho thy mt v d ca ca s
chi tit. kim tra c cc bn sao v thy Monitor Replication trong hnh ng, bt u bng cch cho php
t ng Refresh t menu Action ca ca s lch s ng k.Sau , thc thi on code sau y chn mt
hng mi trong bng Sales.CreditCard v c s d liuAdventureWorks, cn c nhn rng cho cc thu bao:

P a g e | 17

Trong vng mt thi gian ngn, bn s thy rng giao dch c chuyn t nh xut bn n cc thu bao t
nh phn phi.
Tm tt
Bn sao l mt ch m tt c cc qun tr c s d liu nn quen thuc. Mc d mt chng khng th
cung cp cho bn kim nghim y nhng im tt hn ca bn sao, bn nn hi lng vi cc ty chn bn
sao SQL server cung cp. Chng ny xem xt cc ch sau:
Mt ci nhn tng quan v bn sao SQL Server hot ng nh th no
Cc chng trnh i l c s dng bi bn sao SQL Server
Cc loi bn sao khc nhau
Cc m hnh vt l bn sao khc nhau
Mt s nhng cng c c s dng trong bn sao SQL Server