1

MC LC
LI M U ............................................................................................................. 1
CHNG 1. XU HNG PHT TRIN H THNG THNG TIN NG TON
CU ........................................................................................................................... 8
1.1 Xu hng pht trin h thng thng tin di ng trn th gii. .................................... 8
1.2 Cc t chc chun ho 2.5 G v 3G trn th gii ......................................................... 10
1.2.1 Gii thiu chung v cc t chc chun ho. ........................................................... 10
1.2.2 3GPP.......................................................................................................................... 11
1.2.3 3GPP2........................................................................................................................ 14
1.2.4 Mi quan h gia 3GPP v 3GPP2 v ITU ............................................................. 15
1.3 Tnh hnh chun ho 2,5G v 3G................................................................................... 17
1.3.1 M u ....................................................................................................................... 17
1.3.2 Chun ho cng ngh truy nhp v tuyn................................................................ 17
1.3.3 Phn tch hai nhnh cng ngh chnh tin ln 3G .................................................. 19
1.3.3.1 Hng pht trin ln 3G s dng cng ngh WCDMA ....................................... 19
1.3.3.2 Hng pht trin ln 3G s dng cng ngh cdma2000. .................................... 21
1.3.4 Tng kt ...................................................................................................................... 23
CHNG 2. TNG QUAN CNG NGH WCDMA TRONG H THNG UMTS... 24
2.1 Nguyn l CDMA ............................................................................................................. 24
2.1.1 Nguyn l tri ph CDMA ....................................................................................... 24
2.1.2 K thut tri ph v gii tri ph............................................................................ 25
2.1.3. K thut a truy nhp CDMA ............................................................................... 25
2.2. Mt s c trng ca lp vt l trong h thng WCDMA. ........................................ 27
2.2.1. Cc m tri ph . ....................................................................................................... 27
2.2.2. Phng thc song cng............................................................................................ 28
2.2. 4. Phn tp a ng- B thu RAKE. ........................................................................ 29
2.2.5. Cc knh giao din v tuyn UTRA FDD. .............................................................. 30
2.2.6. Trng thi cell. .......................................................................................................... 30
2.2.7. Cu trc Cell. ............................................................................................................ 32
2.3. Kin trc mng ............................................................................................................... 33
2.3.1 Kin trc h thng UMTS ......................................................................................... 33
2.3.2. Kin trc mng truy nhp v tuyn UTRAN. .......................................................... 36
a. B iu khin mng v tuyn ..................................................................................... 37
b. Nt B (Trm gc) ........................................................................................................ 37
2.4. Tng kt v cng ngh truy nhp v tuyn WCDMA trong h thng UMTS .......... 41
CHNG 3. IU KHIN CNG SUT V CHUYN GIAO TRONG QUN L
TI NGUYN V TUYN. ...................................................................................... 44
3.1 Gii thiu chung qun l ti nguyn v tuyn trong h thngWCDMA. ................... 44
3.1.1 Mc ch chung ca qun l ti nguyn v tuyn........................................................ 44
2

3.1.2. Cc chc nng ca qun l ti nguyn v tuyn RRM. ........................................ 44

a. iu khin cng sut. .................................................................................................. 45
b. iu khin chuyn giao. .............................................................................................. 45
c. iu khin thu np. ...................................................................................................... 45
d. iu khin ti (iu khin nghn). ............................................................................... 47
3.2 iu khin cng sut....................................................................................................... 48
3.2.1 Gii thiu chung ....................................................................................................... 48
3.2.2 iu khin cng sut nhanh ..................................................................................... 50
3.2.2.1 li ca iu khin cng sut nhanh ............................................................... 50
3.2.2.2 Phn tp v iu khin cng sut. ...................................................................... 51
3.2.2.3 iu khin cng sut trong chuyn giao mm. .................................................... 53
3.2.3 iu khin cng sut vng ngoi. ................................................................................. 56
3.2.3.2 Tnh ton cht lng thu. .................................................................................... 57
3.2.3.3 Thut ton iu khin cng sut vng ngoi. ...................................................... 58
3.2.3.4 Cc dch v cht lng cao ............................................................................... 58
3.2.3.5 .Gii hn bin ng iu khin cng sut . ......................................................... 59
3.2.3.6 a dch v. ....................................................................................................... 59
3.3 Chuyn giao ...................................................................................................................... 60
3.3.1 Khi qut v chuyn giao trong cc h thng thng tin di ng. ........................... 60
3.3.1.1 Cc kiu chuyn giao trong cc h thng WCDMA 3G. ..................................... 61
3.3.1.2 Cc mc ch ca chuyn giao. ........................................................................... 62
3.3.1.3 Cc th tc v php o c chuyn giao. ............................................................ 63
3.3.2 Chuyn giao trong cng tn s. ................................................................................ 64
3.3.2.1 Chuyn giao mm ................................................................................................ 64
a. Nguyn l chuyn giao mm. .................................................................................... 64
b. Cc thut ton ca chuyn giao mm ...................................................................... 67
c. Cc c im ca chuyn giao mm. ........................................................................ 69
3.3.2.2 o c chuyn giao. ............................................................................................ 70
3.3.2.3 Li ch lin kt chuyn giao mm. ....................................................................... 73
3.3.2.4 Tng ph ca chuyn giao mm ........................................................................... 75
3.3.2.5 li dung lng mng ca chuyn giao mm. ................................................. 77
3.3.3 Chuyn giao gia cc h thng WCDMA v GSM. ................................................. 78
3.3.4 Chuyn giao gia cc tn s trong WCDMA. .......................................................... 80
3.3.5 Tng kt chuyn giao................................................................................................. 81
3.4 Tng kt. ........................................................................................................................... 82
CHNG 4. QUY HOCH MNG V TUYN WCDMA ....................................... 84
4.1 Gii thiu chung ............................................................................................................... 84
4.2 nh c mng. ................................................................................................................. 85
4.2.1 Phn tch vng ph. .................................................................................................. 86
4.2.1.1 Tnh ton qu ng truyn v tuyn. ............................................................... 87
4.2.2 Phn tch dung lng. ............................................................................................ 95
4.2.2.1 Tnh ton h s ti ............................................................................................. 95
a. H s ti ng ln. ................................................................................................... 95
3

b. H s ti ng xung. .............................................................................................. 98
4.2.2.2 Hiu sut ph. ................................................................................................... 102
4.2.2.3 Dung lng mm. ............................................................................................ 103
a. Dung lng Erlang. ................................................................................................... 103
b. Cc v d v dung lng mm ng ln. ................................................................. 104
4.3 Quy hoch vng ph v dung lng chi tit. ............................................................. 106
4.3.1 D on vng ph v dung lng lp. ................................................................... 106
4.3.2 Cng c hoch nh. ................................................................................................ 107
4.3.2.1 S lp li trn ng ln v ng xung. ...................................................... 108
4.3.2.2 M hnh ho cc ch tiu mc lin kt. ............................................................. 108
4.4 Minh ho. ....................................................................................................................... 109
4.5 Ti u mng. .................................................................................................................. 115
4.6 Tng kt. ......................................................................................................................... 117
KT LUN ............................................................................................................. 118
PH LC A. CC T VIT TT.......................................................................... 120
PH LC B. CC KNH UTRA .......................................................................... 124
PH LC C. CC M HNH TRUYN SNG. .................................................... 126
TI LIU THAM KHO ......................................................................................... 130

LI M U
Ra i vo nhng nm 40 ca th k XX, thng tin di ng c coi nh l
mt thnh tu tin tin trong lnh vc thng tin vin thng vi c im cc thit b
u cui c th truy cp dch v ngay khi ang di ng trong phm vi vng ph sng.
Thnh cng ca con ngi trong lnh vc thng tin di ng khng ch dng li trong
vic m rng vng ph sng phc v thu bao khp ni trn ton th gii, cc nh
cung dch v, cc t chc nghin cu pht trin cng ngh di ng ang n lc hng
ti mt h thng thng tin di ng hon ho, cc dch v a dng, cht lng dch v
cao. 3G - H thng thng tin di ng th h 3 l ci ch trc mt m th gii ang
hng ti.
T thp nin 1990, Lin minh Vin thng Quc t bt tay vo vic pht trin
mt nn tng chung cho cc h thng vin thng di ng. Kt qu l mt sn phm
c gi l Thng tin di ng ton cu 2000 (IMT-2000). IMT-2000 khng ch l mt
b dch v, n p ng c m lin lc t bt c ni u v vo bt c lc no.
c nh vy, IMT-2000 to iu kin tch hp cc mng mt t v/hoc v tinh.
Hn th na, IMT-2000 cng cp n Internet khng dy, hi t cc mng c nh
v di ng, qun l di ng (chuyn vng), cc tnh nng a phng tin di ng, hot
ng xuyn mng v lin mng..
Cc h thng thng tin di ng th h 2 c xy dng theo tiu chun GSM,
IS-95, PDC, IS-38 pht trin rt nhanh vo nhng nm 1990. Trong hn mt t thu
bao in thoi di ng trn th gii, khong 863,6 triu thu bao s dng cng ngh
GSM, 120 triu dng CDMA v 290 triu cn li dng FDMA hoc TDMA. Khi
chng ta tin ti 3G, cc h thng GSM v CDMA s tip tc pht trin trong khi
TDMA v FDMA s chm dn vo qun lng. Con ng GSM s ti l CDMA bng
thng rng (WCDMA) trong khi CDMA s l cdma2000.
Ti Vit Nam, th trng di ng trong nhng nm gn y cng ang pht
trin vi tc tng i nhanh. Cng vi hai nh cung cp dch v di ng ln nht
5

l Vinaphone v Mobifone, Cng Ty Vin thng Qun i (Vietel), S-fone v mi

nht l Cng ty c phn Vin thng H Ni v Vin Thng in Lc tham gia vo th
trng di ng chc hn s to ra mt s cnh tranh ln gia cc nh cung cp dch v,
em li mt s la chn phong ph cho ngi s dng. V vy, cc nh cung cp dch
v di ng Vit Nam khng ch s dng cc bin php cnh tranh v gi c m cn
phi n lc tng cng s lng dch v v nng cao cht lng dch v chim lnh
th phn trong nc . iu c ngha rng hng ti 3G khng phi l mt tng lai
xa Vit Nam. Trong s cc nh cung cp dch v di ng Vit Nam, ngoi hai nh
cung cp dch v di ng ln nht l Vinaphone v Mobifone, cn c Vietel ang p
dng cng ngh GSM v cung cp dch v di ng cho phn ln thu bao di ng
Vit Nam. V vy khi tin ln 3G, chc chn hng p dng cng ngh truy nhp v
tuyn WCDMA xy dng h thng thng tin di ng th h 3 phi c xem xt
nghin cu.
Bai giang ny khng nghin cu c th l trnh pht trin t mng thng tin di
ng th h 2 GSM tin ln UMTS nh th no, m nghin cu nhng kha cnh k
thut ca cng ngh truy nhp v tuyn WCDMA (ch FDD) trong h thng
UMTS. Bai giang gm c 4 chng:
Chng 1. Xu hng pht trin ca h thng thng tin di ng ton cu:
Chng ny trnh by xu hng pht trin ln 3G cu, cc t chc chun ho v
qu trnh chun ha cc h thng thng tin di ng ton cu.
Chng 2. Nghin cu tng quan cng ngh truy nhp WCDMA trong h
thng UMTS: Chng ny nghin cu t nhng vn l thuyt lin quan n
cng ngh WCDMA n nhng c trng ca cng ngh WCDMA, ca h thng
UMTS.
Chng 3. iu khin cng sut v iu khin chuyn giao trong qun l ti
nguyn v tuyn WCDMA: Chng ny cp cc thut ton qun l ti nguyn
v tuyn trong h thng WCDMA, trong trnh by c th v iu khin cng
sut v iu khin chuyn giao, 2 thut ton quan trng v c trng nht trong h
thng WCDMA.

Chng 4. Quy hoch mng v tuyn: Chng ny trnh by v mt bi ton

quan trng khi thit k v xy dng h thng thng tin di ng th h 3 s dng
cng ngh truy nhp v tuyn WCDMA vi nhng c trng ring.
H ni, ngy 15 thng 8 nm 2009

Chng 1- Xu hng pht trin ca h thng thng tin di ng ton cu

Chng 1. XU HNG PHT TRIN H THNG

THNG TIN NG TON CU

1.1 Xu hng pht trin h thng thng tin di ng trn th gii.

H thng thng tin di ng th h th nht s dng cng ngh a truy nhp theo
tn s (FDMA) l h thng t bo tng t dung lng thp v ch c dch v thoi,
tn ti l cc h thng NMT (Bc u), TACS (Anh), AMPS (M). n nhng nm
1980 tr nn qu ti khi nhu cu v s ngi s dng ngy cng tng ln. Lc ny,
cc nh pht trin cng ngh di ng trn th gii nhn nh cn phi xy dng mt h
thng t bo th h 2 m hon ton s dng cng ngh s. phi l cc h thng x
l tn hiu s cung cp c dung lng ln, cht lng thoi c ci thin, c th
p ng cc dch truyn s liu tc thp. Cc h thng 2G l GSM (Global System
for Mobile Communication - Chu u), h thng D-AMPS (M) s dng cng ngh
a truy nhp phn chia theo thi gian TDMA, v IS-95 M v Hn Quc s dng
cng ngh a truy nhp phn chia theo m CDMA bng hp. Mc d h thng thng
tin di ng 2G c coi l nhng tin b ng k nhng vn gp phi cc hn ch sau:
Tc thp (GSM l 10kbps) v ti nguyn hn hp. V th cn thit phi chuyn i
ln mng thng tin di ng th h tip theo ci thin dch v truyn s liu, nng
cao tc bit v ti nguyn c chia s
Mng thng tin di ng 2G rt thnh cng trong vic cung cp dch v ti
ngi s dng trn ton th gii, nhng s lng ngi s dng tng nhanh hn nhiu
so vi d kin ban u. C th a ra cc thng k v s tng trng ca th trng di
ng phn on theo cng ngh nh hnh 1-1.
Cn c cc s liu thng k trn ta thy GSM l mt chun v tuyn di ng 2G
s lng thu bao ln nht trn ton th gii. Nhng tc d liu b hn ch v s
lng ngi dng tng ln c bit l ngi s dng a phng tin c nguy c khng
p ng nhu cu ca th trng.

Chng 1- Xu hng pht trin ca h thng thng tin di ng ton cu

Hnh 1- 1 Thng k s tng trng th trng di ng phn loi theo cng ngh

Mt khc, khi cc h thng thng tin di ng ngy cng pht trin, khng ch s
lng ngi s dng in thoi di ng tng ln, m rng th trng, m ngi s
dng cn i hi cc dch v tin tin hn khng ch l cc dch v cuc gi thoi v
dch v s liu tc thp hin c trong mng 2G. Nhu cu ca th trng c th phn
loi thnh cc lnh vc sau:

Dch v d liu my tnh(Computer Data):
 S liu my tnh (Computer Data)
 E-mail
 Truyn hnh nh thi gian thc (Real time image transfer)
 a phng tin (Multimedia)
 Tnh ton di ng (Computing)

Dch v vin thng (Telecommunication)
 Di ng (Mobility)
 Hi ngh truyn hnh (Video conferencing)
 in thoi hnh (Video Telephony)
 Cc dch v s liu bng rng (Wide band data services)

Dich v ni dung m thanh hnh nh (Audio - video content)
 Hnh nh theo yu cu (Video on demand)
 Cc dch v tng tc hnh nh (Interactive video services)
 Bo in t (Electronic newspaper)
 Mua bn t xa (Teleshopping)
 Cc dch v internet gi tr gia tng (Value added internet
services
 Dch v pht thanh v truyn hnh (TV& Radio contributions)
9

Chng 1- Xu hng pht trin ca h thng thng tin di ng ton cu

Nhng l do trn thc y cc t chc nghin cu pht trin h thng thng tin
di ng trn th gii tin hnh nghin cu v p dng trong thc t chun mi cho
h thng thng tin di ng: Thng tin di ng 2,5G v 3G

1.2 Cc t chc chun ho 2.5 G v 3G trn th gii

1.2.1 Gii thiu chung v cc t chc chun ho.
Trong mi lnh vc, mun p dng bt c cng ngh no trn phm vi ton th
gii u phi xy dng mt b tiu chun cho cng ngh bt buc cc nh cung
cp dch v, nh sn xut thit b hay cc nh khai thc phi tun th nghim ngt b
tiu chun ca cng ngh . Vic xy dng b tiu chun cho mt cng ngh thng
do t chc hay c quan c thm quyn nghin cu a ra d tho xut v nghin
cu nh gi. Lnh vc thng tin di ng cng khng nm ngoi nguyn tc chung
ny.
Mt vn cn quan tm trong lnh vc di ng l trn th gii hin nay ang
tn ti nhiu cng ngh di ng khc nhau ang cng tn ti pht trin v cnh tranh
nhau chim lnh th phn. Nhu cu thng nht cc cng ngh ny thnh mt h
thng thng tin di ng xut hin t lu, nhng gp phi nhiu kh khntr ngi.
Trn thc t cc cng ngh di ng khc nhau vn song song tn ti v pht trin.
iu ny ng ngha vi vic trn th gii c nhiu t chc v c quan chun ho
khc nhau.
Hin nay trn th gii, tham gia vo vic chun ho cho h thng thng tin di
ng 2,5G v 3G c cc t chc sau:
ITU-T (T-Telecommunications) C th l nhm SSG (Special Study Group)
ITU-R (R- Radio): C th l nhm Working Group 8F WG8F.
3GPP: 3rd Global Partnership Project
3GPP2: 3rd Global Partnership Project 2
IETF: Internet Engineering Task Force
Cc t chc pht trin tiu chun khu vc (SDO-Standard Development
Oganization)
Ngoi ra cn c cc t chc khc trong c s tham gia ca cc nh khai thc
thch ng v lm hi ho sn phm trn c s cc tiu chun chung. Cc nh khai
thc tham gia nhm xy dng v pht trin h thng thng tin di ng mt cch hp l,
ph hp vi thc t khai thc. Cc t chc l:
OHG Operators Harmonisation Group
3G.IP: c th l Working Group 8G- WG8G
10

Chng 1- Xu hng pht trin ca h thng thng tin di ng ton cu

MWIF- Mobile Wireless Internet Forum

Cc t chc trn tuy hot ng theo hng khc nhau, da trn nn tng cc cng
ngh khc nhau nhng c cu trc v nguyn tc hot ng tng t nhau. Tt c cc
t chc ny u hng ti mc tiu chung l xy dng mng thng tin di ng 3G.
ng thi cc t chc ny u c mi quan h hp tc gii quyt cc vn kt ni
lin mng v chuyn vng ton cu. Hai t chc OHG v MWIF a ra cc chun
pht trin kh nng roaming v ghp ni gia cc mng li 2G: GSM-MAP v ANS41.
Mng li ANSI-41 c s dng bi cc h thng giao din v tuyn AMPS, IS-136
v IS-95. Mng li GSM-MAP c s dng bi cc h thng giao din v tuyn
GSM. C 2 mng li ny u s pht trin ln 3G v lun c lin kt hot ng vi
nhau. S xut hin ca 3 t chc OHG , 3G.IP v MWIP cho thy n lc xy dng
mt mng li chung IP mc d iu ch tr thnh hin thc khi h thng 3,5G v
4G c xy dng.
Cng vic chun ho v xy dng tiu chun cho ANSI-41 c thc hin bi
U ban TR.45.2 ca TIA v qu trnh pht trin mng ny ln 3G ang c thc
hin trong cc nhm xy dng tiu chun k thut ca 3GPP2. Mng li da trn
ANSI-41 s c s dng bi cc mng truy nhp v tuyn da trn cdma2000. Cng
vic xy dng tiu chun GSM ang c tin hnh bi cc u ban SMG ca ETSI v
c lm cho ph hp vi yu cu ca M trong T1P1.5. Mi quan h ny vn gi
nguyn i vi c vic chun ho 3G. Pht trin GSM ln 3G c thc hin bi
3GPP v c lm hi ho vi cc yu cu ca M trong T1P1. Mng li da trn
GSM-MAP s c s dng bi mng truy nhp v tuyn da trn UTRA.
Nh vy 2 t chc chu trch nhim chnh trong vic xy dng tiu chun cho
h thng thng tin di ng 3G l 3GPP v 3GPP2. Hai t chc ny c nhim v hnh
thnh v pht trin cc k thut cc lnh vc ring nhm tho mn cc tiu chun k
thut ca h thng thng tin di ng 3G thng nht. Phn tip theo s cp ti 2 t
chc ny.
1.2.2 3GPP
Nm 1998, cc c quan pht trin tiu chun SDO khu vc ng thnh lp
mt t chc chu trch nhim tiu chun ho UMTS, c t tn l 3GPP ( 3rd
Generation Partnership Project). Cc thnh vin sng lp nn 3GPP bao gm :
ETSI- European Telecommunication Standard Institute- ca Chu u
ARIB- Association of Radio Industry Board- ca Nht Bn
TTA- Telecommunication Technology Association- ca Hn Quc

11

Chng 1- Xu hng pht trin ca h thng thng tin di ng ton cu

T1 ca Bc M
TTC- Telecommunication Technology Committee- ca Nht Bn
CWTS- China Wireless Telecommunication Standard group - ca Trung Quc.
Ngoi ra cn c cc i tc v t vn th trng l:
3G.IP ca M
GSA ca Anh
GSM Association ca Ireland
IPv6 Forum ca Anh
UMTS Forum ca M
3G American ca M
3GPP cn c mt s quan st vin l cc t chc pht trin tiu chun khu vc c
tim nng tr thnh thnh vin chnh thc trong tng lai. Cc quan st vin
hin ti l:
TIA Telecommunications Industries Association -ca M
TSACC-Telecommunications Standards AdvisoryCouncil of Canada- ca Canada
ACIF- Australian Communication Industry Forum - ca c
Cc thnh vin ca 3GPP thng nht rng, cng ngh truy nhp v tuyn l
hon ton mi v da trn WCDMA, cc thnh phn ca mng s c pht trin trn
nn tng ca cc mng thng tin di ng th h 2 c vi nguyn tc tn dng cao
nht c th. V mng li da trn m hnh GSM chng t c hiu qu trong s
dng thc t, cc u cui 3G cng s mang mt card tho lp c mang thng tin
lin quan n thu bao v cc chc nng c th ca nh cung cp dch v theo cch
ging nh GSM s dng SIM.
3GPP c chia thnh cc nhm tiu chun k thut (TSG Technical
Specification Group) chu trch nhim v tng lnh vc nht nh nh sau:
TSG-SA: v dch v v kin trc
TSG-CN: v tiu chun ho mng li
TSG-T: v thit b u cui
TSG-GERAN: v mng truy nhp cho GSM v 2,5G
TSG-RAN: v mng truy nhp cho 3G
Cc nhm k thut trn c qun l bi mt nhm phi hp hot ng d n PCG
(Project Co-ordination Group). Cu trc chc nng c trnh by trong hnh 1-2

12

Chng 1- Xu hng pht trin ca h thng thng tin di ng ton cu

Hnh 1- 2 Cu trc chc nng ca PCG v TSG trong 3GPP

Bng 1- 1 Cc tham s c bn ca UTRA FDD v TDD, ARIB WCDMA FDD v TDD
ETSI UTRA
FDD
TDD

ARIB WCDMA [ Nhat ban ]

FDD
TDD

Phng php a
truy nhp

WCDMA

TD-CDMA

WCDMA

Tc chip Mcps

3,84

3,84

5MHz

5MHz

10ms

10ms

3,84
3,84
(1,024/7,68/15,36) (1,024/7,68/15,36)
5 (1,25/10/20)
5(1,25/10/20)MHz
MHz
10ms
10ms

S ln iu khin
cng sut trong
mt khe thi gian

15

15

15

15

Khong thi gian

mt khe thi gian

Khng tn ti

625s

Khng tn ti

625s

iu ch s liu
(DL/UL)

QPSK

QPSK

QPSK/BPSK

QPSK/BPSK

QPSK

QPSK

QPSK/QPSK

QPSK/QPSK

4-512
hm cos nng
r= 0,22

1,2,4,8,16
hm cos
nng r= 0,22

2-512
hm cos nng
r= 0,22

2-512
hm cos nng
r= 0,22

Khong cch sng

mang
di khung

iu ch tri ph
(DL/UL*)
H s tri ph
Dng xung

TD-CDMA

*DL/UL - ng xung/ng ln

Cc tiu chun dnh cho 3G m 3GPP xy dng c pht trin da trn giao
din v tuyn GSM-MAP v UTRA WCDMA. Khi nim UTRA bao gm c cc ch
hot ng FDD v TDD h tr mt cch hiu qu cc nhu cu dch v UMTS
13

Chng 1- Xu hng pht trin ca h thng thng tin di ng ton cu

khc nhau v cc dch v i xng v khng i xng. Trong qu trnh nh gi

UTRA trong ETSI SMG2, vic kho st c tp trung vo ch FDD. Khi nim
TD-CDMA c chp thun dng cho ch TDD cha ng hi ho cc tham s
gia FDD v TDD. Cc tham s ca UTRA c trnh by trong bng 1-1.
xut WCDMA ca ARIB bao gm c 2 ch hot ng, FDD v TDD.
Ch FDD ca xut ny kh ging vi ch FDD ca ETSI UTRA. Tuy nhin,
ch TDD c thit k gn ging vi ch FDD, nhng chp nhn mt s c
trng ring bit nh cng ngh iu khin cng sut vng m v phn tp pht. Sau
quyt nh vo thng 1 nm 1998 ca ETSI SMG, h thng truy nhp c i tn l
TD-CDMA thay cho tn WCDMA trc y, bi v mt s nt c trng ca TDMA
c kt hp vo tn dng nhng u im v cng ngh ca TD-CDMA.
1.2.3 3GPP2
3GPP2 c thnh lp vo cui nm 1998, vi 5 thnh vin chnh thc l t
chc pht trin sau tiu chun sau:
ARIB- Association of Radio Industry Board- ca Nht Bn
CWTS- China Wireless Telecommunication Standard - ca Trung Quc
TIA- Telecommunication Industry Association Ca Bc M
TTA- Telecommunication Technology Association- Ca Hn Quc
TTC- Telecommunication Technology Council- ca Nht Bn
Ngoi ra t chc ny cn c mt s cc i tc t vn th trng nh:
CDG- The CDMA Development Group
MWIF- Mobile Wireless Internet Forum
IPv6 Forum
C th nhn thy rng thnh phn tham gia 2 c quan chun ho 3GPP v
3GPP2 v c bn l ging nhau, ch khc im 3GPP c s tham gia ca ETSI. V
vy d dng suy ra v c bn, cu trc t chc, nguyn l hot ng ca 2 c quan ny
gn ging nhau. S khc nhau ch yu ca 2 c quan ny nm con ng pht
trin ln h thng 3G.
V cu trc chc nng, trc ht 3GPP2 c mt ban ch o d n- PSC
(Project Steering Commitee). PSC s qun l ton b cng tc tiu chun ho theo cc
nhm k thut TSG. 3GPP2 hin nay c 4 nhm TSG, bao gm:
TSG-A: nghin cu v cc h thng giao din mng truy nhp
TSG-C: v CDMA2000
TSG-S: v cc kha cnh dch v v h thng
14

Chng 1- Xu hng pht trin ca h thng thng tin di ng ton cu

TSG-X: v hot ng lin kt cc h thng.

Ta c th thy cng vic chnh ca cng vic chnh ca 3GPP2 chnh l xy dng
tiu chun ho CDMA2000. CDMA2000 cung cp mt con ng pht trin ln 3G
bng cch s dng cc tiu chun TIA/EIA-95B hin c, bao gm:
TIA/EIA-95B: cc tiu chun trm di ng v giao din v tuyn.
IS-707: tiu chun cho cc dch v s liu(dng gi, khng ng b v fax)
IS-127: tiu chun cho b m ho thoi tc 8,5Kbps EVRC
IS-733: tiu chun cho b m ho thoi tc 13kbps
IS-637: tiu chun cho dch v nhn tin ngn (SMS)
IS-638: qun l cc tham s v vic kch hot qua khng gian (h tr vic cu hnh
v kch hot dch v ca cc trm di ng qua giao din v tuyn).
IS-97 v IS-98: cc tiu chun dnh cho cc hot ng mc ti thiu
Cu trc knh TIA/EIA-95 c bn.
Cc tiu chun m rng cho cc cu trc knh TIA/EIA-95B c bn b tr, lp
ghp knh v bo hiu h tr cc knh pht qung b (Knh hoa tiu , knh tm
gi, knh ng b)
IS-634A: khng chu s thay i quan trng no khi dng cho CDMA2000; cu
trc phn lp ca CDMA2000 dn dn tch hp vi cu trc thnh phn ca IS634A.
TIA/EIA-41D: khng cn thay i nhiu khi s dng cho CDMA2000; cu trc
phn tng ca CDMA2000 to ra kh nng d tch hp vi cc dch v gi tr gia
tng.
Cc tiu chun ca 3GPP2 c pht trin theo cc pha sau y:
Pha 0: ton b cc tiu chun c cc SDO hon thin
Pha 1: ch yu l cc ch tiu k thut cho Release 1 k tha ton b phn 2G
IS-95A v IS-95B. Hon thin vo nm 2000.
Pha 2: bt u t gia nm 2001 nhm h tr kh nng IP Multimedia, phin bn
u tin hon thin trong nm 2002, cc phin bn sau trong nm 2003.
Pha 3: thm cc chc nng theo hng mng li IP. Hin nay giai on ny c
khi ng.
Ngoi ra, hin nay CDMA2000 1xEV ca 3GPP2 c ITU chnh thc chp
thun 3G.
1.2.4 Mi quan h gia 3GPP v 3GPP2 v ITU
3GPP v 3GPP2 hp tc ln u nhm gii quyt vn kt ni lin mng, chuyn
vng ton cu, tp trung vo 3 kha cnh chnh:
15

Chng 1- Xu hng pht trin ca h thng thng tin di ng ton cu

Truy nhp v tuyn

Thit b u cui
Mng li
Hot ng hp tc ny ch yu thng qua OGH v cc nhm ad hoc c s
tham gia ca c 2 bn 3GPP v 3GPP2. Hin nay, IETF l mt trong cc nhn t mi
cng vi 3GPP v gii quyt hng mng li chung ton IP. Mi y, sau khi
nghin cu HSDPA (3GPP) v 1xEV-DO (3GPP2), c hai t chc ny ang tip tc
n lc theo hng mng li IP chung qua cc cuc hp nm 2002.
ITU chu trch nhim phi hp s hot ng ca cc t chc tiu chun ho, c
th l 2 n v chu trch nhim trc tip:
ITU-T SSG- Special Study Group
ITU-R WP8F- Working Party 8F.
Trong , ITU-T SSG c 3 nhm lm vic vi 7 vn , gii quyt 90% cng tc
chun ho v mng (Network Aspects), tp trung vo cc mng:
Giao din NNI
Qun l di ng
Yu cu giao thc
Pht trin giao thc
Ngc li, ITU-R WP8F c trch nhim gii quyt 90% cng tc chun ho v giao
din v tuyn tp trung vo cc nhim v :
Cc ch tiu ton din ca mt h thng IMT-2000
Tip tc chun ho ton cu bng cch kt hp vi cc c quan tiu chun SDO v
cc Project (3GPP v 3GPP2)
Xc nh mc tiu sau IMT-2000:3,5G v 4G
Tp trung vo phn mng mt t (tng tc d liu, mng theo hng IP)
Phi hp vi ITU-R WP8P v v tinh, vi ITU-T v ITU-D v cc vn lin
quan.
Vai tr ca tng thnh phn trong mi quan h gia cc t chc ny c th rt
gn nh sau:
3GPP v 3GPP2: m bo pht trin cng ngh v cc ch tiu giao din v tuyn
cho ton cu;
Cc t chc tiu chun khu vc SDO: lm thch ng cc tiu chun chung cho
tng khu vc. Kt qu l s xut hin ca cc tiu chun IMT-2000 trn c s ch
tiu k thut ca 3GPP v 3GPP2.
16

Chng 1- Xu hng pht trin ca h thng thng tin di ng ton cu

ITU-T v ITU-R: m bo kh nng tng thch v roaming ton cu vi cc ch

tiu. C th r vic phn cng v trch nhim qua ITU-R.M 1457 v ITU-T Q.REF.
Hin nay, c 3GPP, 3GPP2, ITU v IETF tip tc phi hp cht ch gii quyt
mng li chung IP theo cc cng ngh 3,5G v 4G.
1.3 Tnh hnh chun ho 2,5G v 3G
1.3.1 M u
Hin nay, cc b tiu chun cng ngh 2,5G v c bn c hon thin, c th
nh sau:
3GPP hon thin ch tiu k thut GPRS, t cc t chc chun ho khu vc
c b tiu chun k thut GPRS. Mt s cc nc thuc nhm cng ngh ny
nh Chu u, Hng Kng, Nht Bn bin son hoc chp nhn nguyn vn
chun cho ph hp vi iu kin cng ngh ca mnh.
3GPP2 hon thin cc ch tiu k thut CDMA2000 1xEV-DO. Cc t chc
chun ha khu vc ca cc nc c cng ngh IS-95A hoc IS-95B hu ht c
tiu chun p dng nguyn vn cng ngh 2,5G.
Vi cng ngh 3G, tnh hnh chun ho phc tp hn vi 3 mng chnh sau:
Cng ngh truy nhp v tuyn
Mng li
Giao din vi cc h thng khc.
1.3.2 Chun ho cng ngh truy nhp v tuyn
Trn th gii hin ang tn ti nhiu cng ngh thng tin di ng 2G khc nhau
vi s vn u t tng i ln. Vic xy dng mt h thng thng tin di ng tin
tin hn lun i hi phi ch ti vn li nhun kinh t, c ngha l cc h thng
thng tin di ng mi phi tng thch ngc vi cc h thng 2G hin c, tn
dng s u t v c s h tng ca cc h thng c. Nh vy, mc tiu pht trin n
mt tiu chun duy nht cho IMT-2000 l khng th t c. Trn thc t, ITU
chp nhn s tn ti song song ca 5 h cng ngh khc nhau:
IMT-MC (IMT-Multi Carrier): CDMA2000
IMT-DS (IMT- Direct Sequence): WCDMA FDD
IMT-TC: WCDMA-TDD
IMT-SC: TDMA mt sng mang, cn gi l UWC-136 v EDGE
IMT-FT: DECT

17

Chng 1- Xu hng pht trin ca h thng thng tin di ng ton cu

Cc h cng ngh ny c nn tng cng ngh khc nhau v c cc c quan t

chc tiu chun ho khc nhau thc hin cc vic xy dng chun c trnh by
trong hnh 1-3

Hnh 1- 3 Cc h cng ngh c ITU-R chp nhn

Trong nm 2002, ITU-R chp thun 7 loi cng ngh c th, m thc cht
thuc 5 h cng ngh trn:
CDMA a sng mang (cdma2000)
CDMA1x-EV
CDMA TDD (UTRA)
CDMA TDD (TD-SCDMA)
W-CDMA (UTRA - FDD)
UWC-136 (FDD)
FDMA/TDMA: DECT.
Cc cng ngh trn bao gm:
- Hai tiu chun TDMA: SC-TDMA (UWC-136) v MC-TDMA (DECT)
- Ba tiu chun CDMA : MC-CDMA (cdma2000 ), DS-CDMA (WCDMA) v
CDMA-TDD (bao gm TD-SCDMA v UTRA-TDD).
Ta xt cc tiu chun TDD vi cc c im sau:
- TDD c th s dng cc ngun ti nguyn tn s khc nhau v khng cn cp tn s.
- TDD ph hp vi truyn dn bt i xng v tc gia ng ln v ng xung,
c bit vi cc dch v d liu dng IP
- TDD hot ng cng tn s cho ng ln v ng xung, ph hp cho vic s
dng cc k thut mi nh anten thng minh
- Chi ph thit b h thng TDD thp hn, c th thp hn t 20 n 50% so vi cc
h thng FDD.
Tuy nhin, hn ch chnh ca h thng TDD l tc di chuyn v din tch ph
sng. Cc h thng TDD ch thch hp vi vic trin khai cho cc dch v a phng
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Chng 1- Xu hng pht trin ca h thng thng tin di ng ton cu

tin trong cc khu vc mt cao v c yu cu cao v dung lng thoi, d liu v

cc dch v a phng tin trong cc khu vc tp trung thu bao ln. TD-SCDMA l
cng ngh do Trung Quc xut, cn UTRA-TDD c xem l phn b sung cho
UTRA-FDD ti nhng vng c dung lng rt cao. Hn na cc cng ngh ny cha
c sn phm thng mi. Trn thc t ch c 2 tiu chun quan trng nht c sn
phm thng mi v c kh nng c trin khai rng ri trn ton th gii l
WCDMA (FDD) v cdma2000. WCDMA c pht trin trn c s tng thch vi
giao thc ca mng li GSM (GSM MAP), mt h thng chim ti 65% th trng th
gii. Cn cdma2000 nhm tng thch vi mng li IS-41, hin chim 15% th trng.
Qu trnh pht trin ln 3G cng s tp trung vo 2 hng chnh ny, c th c tm
tt trong hnh 1-4.

Hnh 1- 4 Qu trnh pht trin ln 3G ca 2 nhnh cng ngh chnh

1.3.3 Phn tch hai nhnh cng ngh chnh tin ln 3G

1.3.3.1 Hng pht trin ln 3G s dng cng ngh WCDMA
WCDMA l mt tiu chun thng tin di ng 3G ca IMT-2000 c pht
trin ch yu Chu u vi mc ch cho php cc mng cung cp kh nng chuyn
vng ton cu v h tr nhiu dch v thoi, dch v a phng tin. Cc mng
WCDMA c xy dng da trn c s mng GSM, tn dng c s h tng sn c
19

Chng 1- Xu hng pht trin ca h thng thng tin di ng ton cu

ca cc nh khai thc mng GSM. Qu trnh pht trin t GSM ln CDMA qua cc
giai on trung gian, c th c tm tt trong s sau y:

Hnh 1- 5 Qu trnh pht trin ln 3G theo nhnh s dng cng ngh WCDMA

1.3.3.1.1 GPRS
GPRS l mt h thng v tuyn thuc giai on trung gian, nhng vn l h
thng 3G nu xt v mng li. GPRS cung cp cc kt ni s liu chuyn mch gi
vi tc truyn ln ti 171,2Kbps (tc s liu nh) v h tr giao thc Internet
TCP/IP v X25, nh vy tng cng ng k cc dch v s liu ca GSM.
Cng vic tch hp GPRS vo mng GSM ang tn ti l mt qu trnh n
gin. Mt phn cc khe trn giao din v tuyn dnh cho GPRS, cho php ghp knh
s liu gi c lp lch trnh trc i vi mt s trm di ng. Phn h trm gc ch
cn nng cp mt phn nh lin quan n khi iu khin gi (PCU- Packet Control
Unit) cung cp kh nng nh tuyn gi gia cc u cui di ng cc nt cng
(gateway). Mt nng cp nh v phn mm cng cn thit h tr cc h thng m
ho knh khc nhau.
Mng li GSM c to thnh t cc kt ni chuyn mch knh c m rng
bng cch thm vo cc nt chuyn mch s liu v gateway mi, c gi l GGSN
(Gateway GPRS Support Node) v SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node). GPRS l
mt gii php c chun ho hon ton vi cc giao din m rng v c th
chuyn thng ln 3G v cu trc mng li.
1.3.3.1.2 EDGE
EDGE (Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution) l mt k thut truyn dn
3G c chp nhn v c th trin khai trong ph tn hin c ca cc nh khai thc
TDMA v GSM. EDGE ti s dng bng tn sng mang v cu trc khe thi gian ca
GSM, v c thit k nhm tng tc s liu ca ngi s dng trong mng GPRS
hoc HSCSD bng cch s dng cc h thng cao cp v cng ngh tin tin khc. V
vy, c s h tng v thit b u cui hon ton ph hp vi EDGE hon ton tng
thch vi GSM v GRPS.
1.3.3.1.3 WCDMA hay UMTS/FDD
WCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) l mt cng ngh truy
nhp v tuyn c pht trin mnh Chu u. H thng ny hot ng ch
20