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Carmen Alicia Cardozo de Martinez El Animal Como Sujeto Experimental Aspectos Tecnicos y Eticos Spanish Edition 2007
Carmen Alicia Cardozo de Martinez El Animal Como Sujeto Experimental Aspectos Tecnicos y Eticos Spanish Edition 2007
INDICL
ALlOllS 11
INllOlLCCION
l+ invcstig+cion con +nim+lcs un+ bioctic+ p+r+ l+ cicnci+ oc lrontcr+s 13
1 CAlACllllSlICAS ll lOS ANI\AllS ll lAlOlAlOlIO 21
ll +nim+l cxpcrimcnt+l como rc+ctivo biologico 21
Aspcctos uc mooul+n, rcgul+n c inluycn cn
l+ cxpcrimcnt+cion y cn cl bicncst+r ocl mooclo +nim+l 22
Control s+nit+rio c nigicnc 23
list+ oc b+rrcr+s s+nit+ri+s 31
Gcnctic+ y control gcnctico 32
lipos gcncticos 33
C.i.r:as cx..r:aaas 3-
Ccpas cra..r:aaas 3
d:or:a.s 3
C.i.r:as par.:aimcr|c cra..r:aaas 3o
Ccpas cra..r:aaas aparcaaas ai azar 3o
Ccpas cra..r:aaas rc..mo:rar|cs 3o
\u|ar|cs 3o
Ccpas ..rgcr:.as 37
Ccpas ..:s.gcr:.as 37
Suo.cpas y acsv:a.:.r gcrc|:.a 37
\ctooos oc +p+rc+micnto 3S
Control gcnctico 3S
l+nco oc cmbrioncs 39
llcccion ocl mooclo gcnctico -0
Nomcncl+tur+ -1
!ucr|cs ac ar:maics acr:a.s -2
Ccr|r.s ac rcjcrcr.:a gcrc|:.a -2
\onitorco gcnctico -3
o
S+l+s oc +nim+lcs --
Pc.cp.:.r -
Cuarcr|cra y a..ra:.:.mar:cr|. -o
Arcas ac pr.au..:.r y mar|cr:m:cr|. ac ar:maics -o
Arca para pr..ca:m:cr|.s -o
Arca ac .:rug:a -7
Arca ac rc.upcra.:.r -7
Amo:cr|c -7
Ai.,am:cr|. -S
Pc..mcraa.:.rcs ac cspa.:. -9
!cmpcra|ura y oumcaaa 1
\cr|:ia.:.r 2
!ium:ra.:.r -
Pu:a. o
Ai:mcr|a.:.r o
Agua S
Cama 9
jauias o0
l+ctorcs +mbicnt+lcs y gcncticos uc rcgul+n +l +nim+l oc
cxpcrimcnt+cion (compcnoio) o2
lspccics ms utiliz+o+s cn cxpcrimcnt+cion biomcoic+ o3
2 ASllClOS lN ll \ANl]O ll ANI\AllS ll
lXlllI\lNlACION o7
Anim+lcs oc cxpcrimcnt+cion y ocs+rrollo biotccnologico o7
lccomcno+cioncs p+r+ cl tr+t+micnto oc los +nim+lcs cxpcrimcnt+lcs o9
ll bicncst+r ocl +nim+l como rcuisito oc c+lio+o o9
3 ANlSllSIA, ANAlGlSIA Y lLlANASIA 73
Ancstcsi+ 73
An+lgcsi+ 73
lut+n+si+ 73
lunto nn+l S3
- AllllNAlIVAS Al LSO ll ANI\AllS ll lAlOlAlOlIO S
Quc son los mctooos +ltcrn+tivos` So
l+s trcs l oc lusscll y lurcn So
7
ll principio oc l+s trcs l como cxprcsion oc virtuocs y v+lorcs 91
lOS ANI\AllS ll lAlOlAlOlIO CO\O \OlllOS lAlA
lNlll\llAllS lL\ANAS 93
Lso oc tr+nsgcnicos como mooclos +nim+lcs 9
Anim+lcs gcnctic+mcntc mooinc+oos con cl proposito oc gcncr+r
biol+rm+ci+s 9S
Lso oc +nim+lcs como mooclos p+r+ prob+r v+cun+s 99
Lso oc +nim+lcs como mooclos p+r+ prucb+s oc toxicio+o 100
o CONSIlllACIONlS llICAS 103
lst+tuto mor+l oc los +nim+lcs 10-
los +nim+lcs scrcs sinticntcs 107
l+ invcstig+cion con +nim+lcs como mooclos oc cnlcrmco+ocs
num+n+s 111
\ooinc+cioncs gcnctic+s 113
lrincipios cticos 11
lrincipios cticos bsicos oc l+ cxpcrimcnt+cion +nim+l como
rc+ctivo biologico 11o
lrincipios oc ctic+ oc l+ cxpcrimcnt+cion +nim+l,
+oopt+oos cn l+lloircs (1979) 117
lrincipios cticos ocl CCAC 117
lrincipios cticos intcrn+cion+lcs Conscjo oc Org+niz+cioncs
Intcrn+cion+lcs oc l+s Cicnci+s \coic+s (CIO\S) p+r+
invcstig+cion biomcoic+ con +nim+lcs 119
lrincipios ocl gobicrno oc lst+oos Lnioos oc Amcric+ p+r+ l+
utiliz+cion y cuio+oo oc los +nim+lcs vcrtcbr+oos us+oos cn l+
invcstig+cion cicntnc+, l+s prucb+s oc l+bor+torio y l+ cnscn+nz+ 120
lilcm+s cticos 123
los +nim+lcs, ticncn ocrccnos` 12S
7 CO\IllS INSlIlLCIONAllS lAlA ll CLIlAlO Y LSO
ll lOS ANI\AllS 133
C+r+ctcrstic+s 133
lrotocolo p+r+ cl cuio+oo y uso oc los +nim+lcs 13o
S
S lA SIlLACION lAlINOA\llICANA lN lA INVlSlIGACION
CON ANI\AllS lXlllI\lNlAllS 139
ANlXOS 1-
lOl\LlAlIO lAlA lA lVAlLACION ll llOYlClOS QLl
INVOlLClAN ANI\AllS ll lAlOlAlOlIO 1-
I llGLlACIONlS 1-9
II CAlACllllSlICAS GlNllAllS ll lIllllNllS lSllCIlS ANI\AllS 1o
III lOSIS ll ANlSllSICOS LlIlIzAlAS lN lOllOllS Y CONl]OS 1oo
IV lAlOS ll CllA Y llllOlLCCION 1o7
V lAlA\lllOS lISIOlOGICOS Y NLllICIONAllS 1oS
lccomcno+cioncs p+r+ cut+n+si+ 1o9
VI lIllIOGlAllA 171
Altcrn+tiv+s 171
Ancstcsi+ y oolor 172
licncst+r +nim+l 17-
lioscgurio+o 17
Cirug+ 177
Cuio+oo y m+ncjo oc los +nim+lcs oc l+bor+torio 17S
liscno cxpcrimcnt+l y t+m+no oc l+ mucstr+ 1S1
liscno y construccion oc inst+l+cioncs p+r+ +nim+lcs 1S2
louc+cion prolcsion+l y tccnic+ 1S-
ltic+ 1S
lut+n+si+ 1So
l+rm+colog+ y tcr+pcutic+ 1S7
Gcnctic+ y nomcncl+tur+ 1SS
\ooclos +nim+lcs 1S9
Nutricion 190
l+r+sitolog+ 193
l+tolog+ y p+tolog+ clnic+ 193
lccursos 19
lclcrcnci+s gcncr+lcs 19
9
lipos oc +nim+lcs 19o
Annbios, rcptilcs, y pcccs 19o
Anim+lcs silvcstrcs, cxoticos y oc zoologico 197
Anim+lcs oc gr+nj+ 19S
Avcs 200
lcrros y g+tos 201
lrim+tcs no-num+nos 201
locoorcs y concjos 203
Otros +nim+lcs 20o
VII lLllICACIONlS lllIOlICAS 207
VIII SlllCCION ll OlGANIzACIONlS lllACIONAlAS CON
lA CIlNCIA ll ANI\AllS ll lAlOlAlOlIO 211
IX GlOSAlIO 217
AGlAllCI\IlNlOS 227
11
AUTORLS
Carmcn Alicia Cardoo dc Martinc Ooontolog+, Lnivcrsio+o
]+vcri+n+ \+gstcr cn lcriooonci+, Lnivcrsio+o N+cion+l lrolcsor+
Asoci+o+ l+cult+o oc Ooontolog+, Invcstig+oor+ princip+l Grupo
lc+ctivos liologicos, Instituto oc liotccnolog+ Cooroin+oor+ lco
oc lioctic+, Lnivcrsio+o N+cion+l oc Colombi+, logot, Colombi+
lrogr+m+ Intcrn+cion+l oc losgr+oo cn ltic+ cn Invcstig+cion liomcoic+
y lsicosoci+l Gr+nt = 1l2l\0o0o-01, !.gar|y !r|crra|:.rai Ccr|cr
(lYC) oc los Institutos N+cion+lcs oc S+luo (NIl) oc lst+oos Lnioos
Ajc Mrad dc Osorio Qumic+ l+rm+ccutic+, Lnivcrsio+o N+cion+l
oc Colombi+ lspcci+list+ cn Cicnci+ y lccnolog+ oc Anim+lcs
lxpcrimcnt+lcs, lscucl+ l+ulist+ oc \coicin+, So l+ulo-lr+sil lrolcsor+
lonor+ri+ Lnivcrsio+o N+cion+l oc Colombi+ Invcstig+oor+ Grupo
lc+ctivos liologicos, Instituto oc liotccnolog+
Constana Martinc C. Ooontolog+, Lnivcrsio+o N+cion+l oc Colombi+
\+gstcr cn lioumic+, Lnivcrsio+o N+cion+l Ccrtinc+cion Auoitor+
oc l+ C+lio+o cn l+bor+torios oc invcstig+cion, cstuoi+ntc ooctor+oo
cn liolog+ \olccul+r, Cclul+r y Ncurocicnci+s, Lnivcrsio+o oc Cnilc
Invcstig+oor+ Grupo lc+ctivos liologicos, Instituto oc liotccnolog+
Lduardo Rodriguc Yunta loctor cn liolog+ Cclul+r y \olccul+r \stcr
cn lcolog+, cspcci+lio+o ltic+, lsp+n+ Cooroin+oor ocl lrogr+m+ oc
lorm+cion ltic+ oc l+ Invcstig+cion liomcoic+ y lsicosoci+l, Ccntro
Intcroisciplin+rio oc lstuoios cn lioctic+, Lnivcrsio+o oc Cnilc
Icrnando Iolas Stcphc \coico lsiui+tr+ lrolcsor litul+r oc l+
l+cult+o oc \coicin+ oc l+ Lnivcrsio+o oc Cnilc Ac+ocmico oc Numcro
oc l+ Ac+ocmi+ Cnilcn+ oc l+ lcngu+ y Ac+ocmico Corrcsponoicntc oc l+
lc+l Ac+ocmi+ lsp+nol+ lrolcsor Visit+ntc cn univcrsio+ocs oc Amcric+
l+tin+, Nortc+mcric+ y lurop+ lircctor ocl lrogr+m+ oc lioctic+
OlS/O\S y ocl Ccntro Intcroisciplin+rio oc lstuoios cn lioctic+ oc l+
Lnivcrsio+o oc Cnilc
13
INTRODUCCION
La invcsiigacion con animalcs:
una liociica para la cicncia dc lronicras
Ll mciodo cxpcrimcnial y cl conocimicnio
l+s cicnci+s cxpcrimcnt+lcs ocbcn su ocs+rrollo + numcrosos supucstos
cultur+lcs lntrc cllos, l+s nocioncs oc rc+lio+o, vcro+o y cxpcricnci+ n+n
sulrioo +v+t+rcs nistoricos uc tipinc+n cpoc+s y cstilos ocl pcns+micnto
cicntnco l+l vcz lo uc ms c+r+ctcriz+ + l+ cicnci+ occiocnt+l sc+ l+ ioc+
ocl mctooo como un c+mino privilcgi+oo p+r+ +rrib+r + ccrtioumbrcs lo
uc l+ moocrnio+o introoucc, cspcci+lmcntc ocsoc cl `.vum Crgarum,
no cs solo l+ posibilio+o oc uc l+ r+zon, como l+cult+o num+n+, pcrmit+
conoccr y cvcntu+lmcntc oomin+r l+ n+tur+lcz+, sino su +plic+cion + l+s
prcgunt+s rcgl+o+s, limit+o+s y cspccinc+blcs uc vinicron + conoccrsc
como cxpcr:mcr|.s l+ l+nt+s+ oc mucnos s+bios luc l+ ocl cxpcr:mcr|um
.ru.:s, +ucl +rrcglo oc conoicioncs y circunst+nci+s uc pcrmitir+n
rcsolvcr oc un+ vcz y p+r+ sicmprc un problcm+ cspccnco ll nuoo
goroi+no oc l+ ouo+ climin+oo con un golpc bicn +scst+oo +l cor+zon oc l+
n+tur+lcz+ Si l+ arai.g:a y l+ cspc.uia.:.r lucron, cn su momcnto, mctooos
p+r+ cl conocimicnto oc l+ n+tur+lcz+, cl cxpcrimcnto vino + signinc+r cl
oominio no solo oc l+ lorm+ oc prcgunt+r sino oc l+s rcspucst+s posiblcs
l+ mism+ oistincion cntrc lo in+nim+oo y lo +nim+oo, cntrc lo inorgnico
y lo orgnico, luc rcsuclt+ mcoi+ntc cl clsico cxpcrimcnto oc \onlcr y l+
sntcsis oc l+ urc+ l+ mcoicin+ cicntnc+, occ+ Cl+uoc lcrn+ro, n+ oc scr
l+ mcoicin+ cxpcrimcnt+l los postul+oos oc locn rcsumcn, cn lo cscnci+l,
cl pcns+micnto cxpcrimcnt+l +plic+oo + l+ n+cicntc microbiolog+ cn su
vcrticntc tcr+pcutic+
ll +nim+l como sujcto cxpcrimcnt+l Aspcctos tccnicos y cticos
1-
No ncccsit+mos rcc+lc+r l+ oposicion, uc cl pcns+micnto ilustr+oo uiz
pcrcibio tcnucmcntc, cntrc cxpcr:cr.:a num+n+ -un+ oimcnsion ocl
cspritu inoiviou+l- y cxpcr:mcr|. cicntnco -un+ oimcnsion ocl mctooo
l+ primcr+ conoucc + lorm+s implcit+s o tcit+s oc conocimicnto,
oilcilcs oc comunic+r mcoi+ntc rctoric+s univcrs+lcs y, por cllo,
rclcg+o+s + lo incl+blc pcrson+l ll scgunoo +lc+nz+ cl virtuosismo oc un+
oomin+cion oc l+ n+tur+lcz+ + m+nos oc un intcrrog+oor nbil l+ ra|ura
ra|urars cs rccmpl+z+o+ por l+ ra|ura ra|ura|a, oomcn+o+, cstiliz+o+ y
'+rtinci+liz+o+` cn cl cxpcrimcnto l+ im+gin+cion, occ+ un gr+noc oc l+
cicnci+ lr+nccs+, ocbc colg+rsc con cl +brigo + l+ cntr+o+ ocl l+bor+torio
l+ l+nt+s+ ocbc pcrmitir pl+nc+r bucnos cxpcrimcntos, no sirvc, ni ocbc
scrvir, p+r+ intcrprct+r sus rcsult+oos
los mcoios oc uc sc sirvc cl cspritu cxpcrimcnt+l n+n tcnioo oivcrs+
lortun+ los pl+nos inclin+oos, l+ sust+nci+s umic+s, los +rrcglos oc
objctos p+r+ pcrmitir l+ inlucnci+ oc lucrz+s, l+s rctort+s, m+tr+ccs c
implcmcntos uc pcrmitcn cl librc jucgo oc lo n+tur+l y +scgur+n su
obscrv+cion, luno+ron l+s cicnci+s oc l+ n+tur+lcz+ in+nim+o+ ln +lgun
momcnto, los scrcs vivos sc convirticron cn mcoios privilcgi+oos p+r+
obtcncr o+tos, inlorm+cioncs y ccrtioumbrcs
Humanidad y animalcs cn cl conocimicnio cicniilco
l+ convivcnci+ cntrc l+ cspccic num+n+ y otr+s cspccics +nim+lcs n+
+oopt+oo oivcrs+s lorm+s l+ c+z+, l+ oomcstic+cion, l+ cri+nz+ control+o+,
l+ utiliz+cion como +limcnto, son +lgun+s l+ mucrtc s+crinci+l p+r+
+pl+c+r oivinio+ocs, l+ rcvcrcnci+ ritu+l + cicrtos +nim+lcs (cl bucy Apis,
cl cocoorilo, cl Anubis, cl toro, cl n+lcon, cl guil+) y sus ocriv+cioncs
totcmic+s inoic+n un+ iocntinc+cion con lucrz+s y poocrcs uc cnglob+n
por igu+l + nombrcs y otros scrcs vivos l+ c+z+, l+ pcsc+, l+s corrio+s oc
toros, l+s rin+s oc g+llos o oc pcrros +tcstigu+n un+ oomin+cion cn p+rtc
luoic+, cn p+rtc +grcsiv+ y violcnt+
Introouccion
1
ln tooos cstos cjcmplos, ncccs+ri+mcntc csucmticos, sc intuyc l+
ccntr+lio+o oc l+ ioc+ ocl +nim+l como lucntc y origcn oc conocimicnto
Y+ sc+ oc l+ n+tur+lcz+ cn gcncr+l, oc +nim+lcs cn p+rticul+r, o +un
oc l+ num+nio+o ll +nim+l, conccbioo + l+ m+ncr+ oc l+\cttric o
lcsc+rtcs como +utom+t+ o muin+, o pcns+oo como crc+cion oivin+
y p+rtcipc ocl ocstino num+no, +yuo+ + conoccr y conoccrsc l+ nocion
juococristi+n+ oc l+ cspccic num+n+ como cimcr+ y culmin+cion oc l+
n+tur+lcz+ no n+cc sino rclcj+r cl +ntropoccntrismo oc l+s cultur+s uc
lucgo cultiv+ron l+s cicnci+s Al mcnos l+s cxpcrimcnt+lcs, cn cl scntioo
oc obtcncr sus ccrtioumbrcs por prcgunt+s +cot+o+s, mctooos rcgl+oos y
rctoric+s l+lsc+blcs por l+ obscrv+cion cmpric+
ll uso ocl +nim+l como lucntc oc conocimicntos cxpcrimcnt+lcs ticnc
y+ un+ l+rg+ tr+oicion loo+ l+ moocrn+ l+rm+colog+, l+ nsiolog+, l+
toxicolog+, l+ +lgolog+, l+ psicolog+, l+ ctolog+, por solo mcncion+r
oisciplin+s oc cviocntc +plic+cion + los +suntos num+nos, sc n+n b+s+oo cn
somctcr +nim+lcs + cxpcrimcntos o cn obscrv+r l+ ocurrcnci+ cspontnc+
oc lcnomcnos cn cllos Cu+noo l+ s+cr+lio+o ocl cucrpo num+no cr+ norm+
y pronibicion p+r+ l+s oiscccioncs, cr+n +nim+lcs los uc brino+b+n, por
+n+log+, cl conocimicnto oc sus cntr+n+s +l scrvicio oc l+ mcoicin+ Cu+noo
cxistcn intcrvcncioncs ricsgos+s o o+nin+s, son +nim+lcs uicncs primcro
ocbcn cxponcr sus vio+s Cu+noo los cstuoi+ntcs oc mcoicin+ y cicnci+s
biologic+s ocbcn conoccr cl luncion+micnto oc los sistcm+s orgnicos,
cn y con +nim+lcs sc rc+liz+ cl +prcnoiz+jc l+ cstructur+ oc l+s cicnci+s
mcoic+s scr+ inconccbiblc sin cl cmplco oc +nim+lcs y sin su somctimicnto
+ conoicioncs uc l+ concicnci+ mor+l pronbc imponcr + scrcs num+nos
l+mbicn cn l+s cicnci+s ocl comport+micnto n+n sioo prot+gonist+s los
+nim+lcs l+ psicolog+ cicntnc+, si bicn sc in+uguro con l+ introspcccion
como mctooo cn l+ cr+ oc \ilnclm \unot y sus succsorcs luncion+list+s
y cstructur+list+s, p+so lucgo + prctcnocr cl cst+tuto oc un+ cicnci+
cu+ntinc+blc, nomotctic+ y univcrs+l ll conouctismo, cn su cxprcsion
ll +nim+l como sujcto cxpcrimcnt+l Aspcctos tccnicos y cticos
1o
ms mct+lsic+, +v+l+b+ cl cmplco oc cu+luicr scr vivicntc p+r+ ocscubrir
l+s lcycs inmut+blcs ocl rclucrzo y l+ prcoiccion ocl comport+micnto
As, cl pcrro oc l+vlov, l+ r+t+ oc Skinncr, cl g+to oc lnornoikc, cl mono
oc lonlcr lucron cptomcs oc un+ s+g+ oc construccioncs tcoric+s oc
inc+lcul+blc v+lor p+r+ l+ cicnci+ psicologic+ lo uc csos cxpcrimcntos
cnscn+ron sc cxtr+polo +l comport+micnto num+no y luno+mcnto ocsoc
intcrvcncioncs cn l+ inoustri+ y l+ cscucl+ n+st+ lorm+s cspcci+liz+o+s oc
tcr+pcutic+
Aunuc cs vcro+o uc l+ tcnocnci+ n+ sioo rcoucir o limit+r cl uso
oc +nim+lcs cn l+ cxpcrimcnt+cion, cl tcm+ cst lcjos oc ccrr+rsc los
+ntiviviscccionist+s ocl p+s+oo cncucntr+n noy rcnov+oos bros cn
l+ oclcns+ oc los ocrccnos oc los +nim+lcs, uc +lgunos uisicr+n vcr
clcv+oos +l r+ngo oc ocrccnos constitucion+lcs Cu+noo cst+ ioc+ sc
prop+lo cn Alcm+ni+, por cjcmplo, sc inmcoi+to sc obscrvo uc cllo
o+n+r+ los cstuoios cxpcrimcnt+lcs
Concicncia moral y cxpcrimcniacion animal
ln l+ +ctu+lio+o, l+s cicnci+s biomcoic+s obticncn su inlorm+cion
rclcv+ntc oc oistintos tipos oc +rrcglo cxpcrimcnt+l los cstuoios :r v:|r.
utiliz+n sust+nci+s, tcjioos y cclul+s los cxpcrimcntos :r v:v. tpic+mcntc
cmplc+n +nim+lcs y l+ cxprcsion no suclc us+rsc rutin+ri+mcntc p+r+ los
cstuoios cr su,c|.s oumar.s, cn los uc uiz un+ tr+oicion cmb+r+zos+
cvit+ n+bl+r oc cxpcrimcnto C+o+ vcz ms sc propugn+ l+ nocion oc
cxpcrimcntos :r s:i:.. p+r+ +luoir + +ucll+s simul+cioncs rc+liz+o+s cn
comput+oorcs, uc pucocn gcncr+r nucvo conocimicnto utiliz+noo los
rcgistros c inlorm+cioncs +lm+ccn+oos cn gr+nocs b+scs oc o+tos Aunuc
no suclc n+bl+rsc oc cxpcrimcnto p+r+ tr+t+r los ocriv+oos cognoscitivos
ocl mc|aarai:s:s, cst+ tccnic+ oc rc+nlisis oc l+ litcr+tur+ cicntnc+ pcrmitc
consolio+r o crc+r cviocnci+s 'sumcrgio+s` y oispcrs+s cn public+cioncs,
y c+bc n+bl+r oc un cxpcrimcnto :r a.|a lin+lmcntc, rccoro+noo l+ cpoc+
Introouccion
17
oc l+ mcoicin+ romntic+, c+bc pcns+r cn cxpcrimcntos :r :r|ciic.|us,
csto cs, cxpcrimcntos im+gin+rios, no suncicntcmcntc rcconocioos por
cl cs|aoi:somcr| cicntnco pcro, prob+blcmcntc, muy lrccucntcs como
+nticipo oc +utcnticos oiscnos cxpcrimcnt+lcs
Al igu+l uc los sujctos num+nos, los +nim+lcs no son muin+s p+siv+s
oc rcspucst+ lc-+ccion+n, csto cs, rcsponocn scgun cl contcxto cn uc
sc n+llcn lso cs prccis+mcntc cl com-port+micnto los +nim+lcs sc com-
port+n sc port+n o conouccn 'con` cl cntorno, y oc +ll surgc un gr+oo
oc imprcoccibilio+o m+yor uc cn cl c+so oc m+tcri+lcs in+nim+oos lor
cicrto, l+ gr+n contribucion ocl conouctismo mct+lsico luc insistir cn l+
m+tcm+tiz+cion ocl comport+micnto y cn su sujccion + lcycs rcl+tiv+mcntc
cst+blcs Al igu+l uc cn cl c+so oc los num+nos, +un cu+noo no sc cxplor+
+l +nim+l complcto sino +lguno oc sus org+nos o tcjioos, l+ c+ntio+o oc
v+ri+blcs uc inciocn sobrc l+ rcspucst+ cs muy +mpli+ constitucion
gcnctic+, lorm+ oc cri+nz+, conoicioncs +mbicnt+lcs p+s+o+s y prcscntcs,
nutricion, por solo mcncion+r +lgun+s Como 'rc+ctivo`, cl biologico
ticnc mucnos gr+oos oc inccrtioumbrc, cuyo control cs just+mcntc cl
motivo oc cxigcntcs cstuoios l+ provision oc inoiviouos oc c+r+ctcrstic+s
conocio+s cs un+ inoustri+ inoispcns+blc cn l+ invcstig+cion biomcoic+
l+ rc+ctivio+o ocl +nim+l cxpcrimcnt+l no sol+mcntc cs un+ lucntc oc
imprccisioncs uc +lcct+ ocsoc cl t+m+no mucstr+l n+st+ l+ conn+bilio+o
oc los o+tos rccogioos ls, +simismo, uno oc los luno+mcntos p+r+
sostcncr uc cl cxpcrimcnto :r v:v., como cl num+no, cs ms un oilogo
uc un+ mcr+ +ctivio+o tccnic+ l+ oignio+o oc l+ vio+, cn cu+luicr+ oc
sus lorm+s, cxigc un cuio+ooso tr+b+jo oc lorm+cion y rclcxion uc no
sicmprc uco+ c+b+lmcntc rclcj+oo cn los pl+ncs oc cstuoio o l+ l+bor
prolcsion+l oc los invcstig+oorcs Si sc picns+ sol+mcntc cn los milloncs
oc r+t+s, g+tos, pcrros, p+lom+s, monos, ccroos o pcccs s+crinc+oos cn
nombrc oc l+ cicnci+, y sc lormul+ l+ prcgunt+ oc uc +utoriz+ + us+rlos oc
cs+ lorm+, p+r+ s+tisl+ccr ncccsio+ocs y ocscos num+nos, pucoc llcg+rsc +
ll +nim+l como sujcto cxpcrimcnt+l Aspcctos tccnicos y cticos
1S
pcns+micntos inuict+ntcs No cs ncccs+rio invoc+r, como cl +ustr+li+no
lctcr Singcr, cl conccpto oc 'cspccicsmo` o rccoro+r +ucllos s+bios
c+b+llos p+rl+ntcs oc ]on+tn+n Swilt p+r+ rcconoccr uc cl cgosmo oc
l+ cspccic num+n+ rcuicrc +rgumcntos solioos y un+ continu+ rclcxion
Sin los cxtrcmos oc un r+oic+lismo '+nti` (+nti-cxpcrimcntos, +nti-
cicnci+, +nti-inoustri+), cl +occu+oo b+l+ncc cntrc ncccsio+o y comp+sion
cs m+tcri+ oc cstuoio y oc lorm+cion
lcbc rccoro+rsc uc cl +nim+l crc+oo y cri+oo cn y p+r+ cl l+bor+torio
pucoc scr oistinto oc su contr+p+rtc silvcstrc lor ms uc csc sc+ cl c+so,
l+ vio+ mcrccc rcspcto y cuio+oo, no sol+mcntc +tcnoicnoo + uc cs un
mcoio privilcgi+oo p+r+ un bucn nn sino uc sc tr+t+ oc un nn cn s mism+
loorn los +nim+lcs tcncr mcnos oc l+ c+p+cio+o introspcctiv+ oc los
scrcs num+nos (cs+ c+p+cio+o oc 'cnsimism+rsc` oc l+ uc n+bl+ Ortcg+ y
G+ssct), p+rcccrn tcncr mcnos +utoconcicnci+, pcro uc p+occcn oolor,
nost+lgi+, +lcgr+ y pcn+ y cxnibcn c+r+ctcrstic+s inoiviou+lcs, cn cl c+so
oc los m+mlcros, p+rccc incontrovcrtiblc luno+mcnto oc un+ ctic+ oc
l+ rcl+cion cntrc cspccics Aunuc cl +mbicntc ocl l+bor+torio cs uno
cntrc los mucnos uc moloc+n cst+ rcl+cion, sc tr+t+ sin ouo+ oc uno
oc los mcjor institucion+liz+oos ls l+ ocstrcz+ cn cl m+ncjo ocl +nim+l
cxpcrimcnt+l un+ oc l+s m+rc+s ocl invcstig+oor uc sc inici+ lcc+ un
ncuronsiologo mcxic+no 'cn cstc l+bor+torio, cl unico uc ticnc r+zon
cs cl g+to`, inoic+noo uc l+ prcgunt+ corrcct+ pucoc +rroj+r rcspucst+s
+occu+o+s sol+mcntc si cl intcrrog+oo cs tr+t+oo con cl cuio+oo oc un
bucn inlorm+ntc y rcspct+oo cn sus lucros oc scr vivo
lstc volumcn rccogc +lgunos conccptos luno+mcnt+lcs cn lo tccnico y cn
lo ctico p+r+ un +occu+oo tr+t+micnto ocl sujcto cxpcrimcnt+l '+nim+l`
cn cl tr+b+jo cicntnco lcsumc tcm+s uc tooo invcstig+oor ocbc
conoccr p+r+ cl uso y cuio+oo oc los +nim+lcs (ocsoc cl punto oc vist+
gcnctico, s+nit+rio, oc +lbcrguc, +limcnt+cion, c+tcgoriz+cion y cspccics
ms utiliz+o+s cn invcstig+cion) lrcscnt+ t+mbicn un brcvc cx+mcn sobrc
Introouccion
19
los oilcrcntcs mooclos +nim+lcs us+oos p+r+ invcstig+cion cn p+tolog+s
num+n+s y l+ situ+cion l+tino+mcric+n+ cn rcl+cion con l+ invcstig+cion cn
cstc c+mpo Sc incluyc cl m+ncjo oc +nim+lcs cn proycctos oc invcstig+cion
y l+ +oministr+cion +occu+o+ oc +ncstcsi+, +n+lgcsi+ y cut+n+si+
lcoic+mos un +p+rt+oo cspcci+l + l+s +ltcrn+tiv+s + mooclos +nim+lcs,
por consiocr+rlo tcm+ oc vit+l import+nci+, no solo p+r+ l+ obtcncion oc
+occu+oos rcsult+oos invcstig+tivos, sino por l+s consiocr+cioncs ctic+s y los
+cucroos intcrn+cion+lcs vigcntcs lcntro oc cs+s consiocr+cioncs tr+t+mos
oc rcconcili+r v+ri+s mir+o+s l+ protcccionist+ oc los ocrccnos oc los
+nim+lcs, cl cuilibrio rclcxivo cn rcl+cion con los oilcm+s cn cl ocs+rrollo
y uso oc mooclos tr+nsgcnicos p+r+ p+tolog+s num+n+s, y cl rcspcto lrcntc +
scrcs sinticntcs, ocsoc l+ ctic+ scnsitivo n+tur+list+ l+r+ ccrr+r, prcscnt+mos
+lgunos +spcctos rcl+cion+oos con l+ conlorm+cion y luncion+micnto oc
comitcs oc uso y cuio+oo oc +nim+lcs oc cxpcrimcnt+cion
lin+lmcntc, sc +ncx+n o+tos rcl+cion+oos con rcgul+cioncs, c+r+ctcrstic+s
oc +nim+lcs, oosis oc +ncstcsicos, o+tos oc cr+, bibliogr+l+, sclcccion oc
org+niz+cioncs oc cicnci+ y tccnolog+ oc +nim+lcs y un glos+rio
ll Ccntro Intcroisciplin+rio oc lstuoios cn lioctic+ (CIll) oc l+
Lnivcrsio+o oc Cnilc, + tr+vcs oc sus oivcrs+s +ctivio+ocs y proycctos,
+boro+ los +spcctos conccptu+lcs, mctooicos y mor+lcs ocl tr+b+jo
cicntnco l+ contribucion uc +nor+ sc prcscnt+, sin ouo+ pcrlcctiblc,
cspcr+ contribuir + l+ mcjor lorm+cion oc los cstuoi+ntcs y + l+ rclcxion oc
los invcstig+oorcs \ucn+s omisioncs sc ocbcn + l+ ignor+nci+ y mucn+s
ignor+nci+s sc tr+ouccn cn omisioncs, poruc no c+bc pcns+r uc un
cspritu cicntnco +utcntico sc oclcitc cn comctcr +bcrr+ntcs cruclo+ocs
con los scrcs vivos, nucstros comp+ncros 'bioslcricos` cn l+ t+rc+ oc l+
supcrvivcnci+
lcrn+noo lol+s Stcpkc
21
1. CARACTLRISTICAS DL LOS ANIMALLS DL
LAlORATORIO
Ll animal cxpcrimcnial como rcaciivo liologico
Sc tr+t+ oc un +nim+l cuy+ c+lio+o gcnctic+ y +mbicnt+l n+ sioo control+o+ y
+scgur+o+ y, por t+nto, cs c+p+z oc o+r un+ rcspucst+ n+blc y rcproouciblc
+ l+ prcgunt+ cxpcrimcnt+l Sc sum+n + cllo too+s l+s consiocr+cioncs oc
cuio+oo p+r+ cl bicncst+r oc c+o+ uno scgun cspccic y sus rcucrimicntos
ctologicos, oc m+ncr+ uc no sc gcncrcn +ltcr+cioncs o +o+pt+cioncs uc
mooinucn cl mooclo +nim+l, +ltcr+noo l+ rcspucst+ invcstig+tiv+
l+r+ obtcncr cstc tipo oc +nim+l cs ncccs+rio conoccr cl conccpto oc
'b+rrcr+`
1
(uc comprcnoc l+s mcoio+s y conoicioncs b+jo l+s cu+lcs sc
proouccn y rcproouccn los +nim+lcs cn los biotcrios), p+r+ g+r+ntiz+r uc
m+ntcng+ conoicioncs ocnnio+s, t+nto ocsoc cl punto oc vist+ gcnctico
como s+nit+rio
ll conccpto 'nomogcncio+o ocl rc+ctivo biologico` implic+ ocnnir l+s
conoicioncs ocl +nim+l cn cu+nto + c+r+ctcrstic+s somtic+s -pcso, scxo
y co+o-, gcnctic+s -igu+lo+o o similituo biologic+ oc su inlorm+cion
gcnctic+ + p+rtir ocl m+ntcnimicnto oc un+ t+s+ oc cons+nguinio+o
clcv+o+- y s+nit+ri+s -scgun los rcucrimicntos ocl cxpcrimcnto +xcnicos
(sin gcrmcncs), gnotoxcnicos (con gcrmcncs control+oos) o cstno+rcs
con lor+ n+tiv+
1 l+ tcmpcr+tur+ +occu+o+ p+r+ c+o+ cspccic, nivcl oc ruioo, intcnsio+o oc l+ luz,
p+so por +utocl+vc oc l+s c+j+s, c+m+s y ocl +gu+ y l+ comio+ oc los +nim+lcs,
vcrinc+cion por control microbiologico mcoio+mbicnt+l oc l+s conoicioncs oc l+s
s+l+s oc cr+ y m+ntcnimicnto oc los +nim+lcs, c+mbio oc rop+ oc invcstig+oorcs
y opcr+rios p+r+ cl ingrcso + l+s s+l+s oc +nim+lcs, son +lgun+s b+rrcr+s uc
g+r+ntiz+n uc no sc introouzc+n nucv+s b+ctcri+s o cont+min+ntcs uc +ltcrcn o
c+mbicn cl mooclo +nim+l
ll +nim+l como sujcto cxpcrimcnt+l Aspcctos tccnicos y cticos
22
Aspccios quc modulan, rcgulan c inluycn cn la
cxpcrimcniacion y cn cl licncsiar dcl modclo animal
ll cuio+oo, l+ utiliz+cion +propi+o+ y cl tr+to num+nit+rio oc los
+nim+lcs cmplc+oos cn invcstig+cion, prucb+s oc l+bor+torio y couc+cion
rcuicrcn oc un conocimicnto cspcci+liz+oo oc los +mbicntcs, proccsos y
proccoimicntos rcl+cion+oos con su uso y cuio+oo lllo t+mbicn implic+
cl cst+blccimicnto oc conoicioncs oc inlr+cstructur+ y +mbicntcs oc
tr+b+jo propios y cspccncos ln l+ +ctu+lio+o, cn l+ m+yor+ oc los p+scs
uc cucnt+n con cst+ cicnci+ y tccnolog+ ocs+rroll+o+s sc cxigc uc
oicn+s conoicioncs sc+n ccrtinc+o+s y c+tcgoriz+o+s scgun compctcnci+s
y ncccsio+ocs lor cso, cs import+ntc l+ lormul+cion oc un progr+m+ oc
+scgur+micnto oc l+ c+lio+o uc incluy+ control s+nit+rio y gcnctico, y
cntrcn+micnto y v+lio+cion pcrm+ncntc oc proccsos y proccoimicntos
oc l+bor+torio (ocntro oc cllos, cl conocimicnto oc l+ ctolog+ oc c+o+
cspccic +nim+l utiliz+o+)
Sc ocbc pl+nc+r un +occu+oo +mbicntc lsico y soci+l, nospco+jc, csp+cio
y m+ncjo p+r+ cl +lbcrguc oc los +nim+lcs, consiocr+noo l+ctorcs como
- l+ cspccic, r+z+ o ccp+ oc +nim+lcs y sus c+r+ctcrstic+s inoiviou+lcs
t+lcs como scxo, co+o, t+m+no, conouct+ y s+luo
- l+ n+bilio+o oc los +nim+lcs p+r+ intcgr+r grupos con sus scmcj+ntcs,
+ tr+vcs oc l+ vist+, oll+to y posiblc cont+cto, y+ sc+ uc los +nim+lcs
sc m+ntcng+n +isl+oos o cn grupos
- ll oiscno y construccion ocl +loj+micnto
- l+ oisponibilio+o y +occu+cion oc clcmcntos cnriucccoorcs ocl
mcoio +mbicntc
- l+s mct+s ocl proyccto y cl oiscno cxpcrimcnt+l (por cjcmplo pro-
ouccion, cri+nz+, invcstig+cion, prucb+s oc l+bor+torio y couc+cion)
- l+ intcnsio+o oc l+ m+nipul+cion +nim+l y cl gr+oo oc +ltcr+cion,
c+mbio o p+tolog+ uc puco+n c+us+r los proccoimicntos
C+r+ctcrstic+s oc los +nim+lcs oc l+bor+torio
23
- l+ prcscnci+ oc m+tcri+lcs pcligrosos o uc c+uscn cnlcrmco+o
- l+ our+cion ocl pcrooo oc pcrm+ncnci+ oc los +nim+lcs
lsto implic+ uc cl oiscno oc l+s rc+s oc +lbcrguc, l+s zon+s oc tr+b+jo
y l+s rc+s oc +lm+ccn+micnto, l+v+oo, cstcriliz+cion y ocspl+z+micnto
ocbcn scr cuio+oos+mcntc oiscn+o+s por pcrson+l cxpcrto cn cl tcm+
ll cuipo oc tr+b+jo, +ocms oc scr ioonco, ocbc cont+r con cl +poyo oc
un CICLAl (Comitc Institucion+l p+r+ cl Cuio+oo y Lso oc los Anim+lcs
oc l+bor+torio), uc vclc poruc c+o+ proyccto oc invcstig+cion cumpl+
con los rcuisitos +occu+oos y num+nit+rios oc tr+to y m+ncjo oc los
+nim+lcs, y g+r+nticc l+ c+p+cit+cion y cntrcn+micnto rcucrioos por los
invcstig+oorcs y cl pcrson+l uc sc +proximc + los +nim+lcs
ConfroI sanifario e higiene
Constituyc cl progr+m+ bsico oc cuio+oo oc los +nim+lcs cn s+l+s oc
cxpcrimcnt+cion o biotcrios All los +nim+lcs sc intcgr+n + un+ scric oc
cuio+oos s+nit+rios uc lcs protcgc oc microorg+nismos no ocnnioos como
p+rtc oc su conoicion y, por otro l+oo, sc rcsgu+ro+ + uicncs los m+ncj+n
oc no cont+min+rsc oc microorg+nismos, cspcci+lmcntc oc tipo zoonotico
lstc progr+m+ incluyc proccoimicntos oc rutin+ oi+ri+, scm+n+l o mcnsu+l
uc pcrmitcn l+ optim+ rcmocion oc m+tcri+lcs y clcmcntos potcnci+lmcntc
coloniz+blcs por microorg+nismos uc pucocn +lcct+r cl cntorno y l+
conoicion biologic+ ocl mismo +nim+l l+r+ cllo cs inoispcns+blc cst+blcccr
p+rmctros oc monitorco s+nit+rio +l +nim+l y + su mcoio oc +lbcrguc
Sc n+cc rclcrcnci+ + l+ prctic+ rcpctio+ oc un+ b+tcr+ oc prucb+s, por
un l+oo, p+r+ cviocnci+r uc cl +nim+l m+nticnc l+s c+r+ctcrstic+s oc
l+ lor+ con l+s cu+lcs luc ccrtinc+oo p+r+ cl tipo oc cstuoio oiscn+oo
y, por otro, p+r+ n+ccr un scguimicnto pcrm+ncntc + l+s conoicioncs
ocl mcoio +mbicntc oonoc sc +loj+ y cuio+ cl +nim+l, vcrinc+noo oc
m+ncr+ const+ntc y pcriooic+ cl no ingrcso oc nucvos microorg+nismos
ll +nim+l como sujcto cxpcrimcnt+l Aspcctos tccnicos y cticos
2-
uc puco+n introoucir c+mbios o v+ri+blcs cn cstc ll control +l m+tcri+l
biologico incluyc cv+lu+cion scxologic+, oc ncccs y orin+, cl no biologico,
pcrit+jc ocl +gu+, comio+, c+m+, c+j+s y mcoio+mbicntc
ll m+ntcnimicnto +occu+oo y cst+blc oc l+s conoicioncs microbiologic+s
rcuicrc l+ ocnnicion oc protocolos oc nigicnc, ocsinlcccion y cstcriliz+cion,
t+nto ocl m+tcri+l biologico como no biologico, y ocl mcoio +mbicntc
l+r+ cso cs import+ntc tcncr cl+r+mcntc ocnnioos los protocolos oc su
obtcncion, ocnnicion y sustcnto conccptu+l y cicntnco
l+ lrccucnci+ c intcnsio+o oc los proccoimicntos oc limpicz+ ocpcnocn
oc l+s c+r+ctcrstic+s nsiologic+s y conouct+ norm+l ocl +nim+l los
mctooos oc intcrvcncioncs nigicnic+s v+r+n oc +cucroo con mucnos
l+ctorcs, cntrc cllos t+m+no, tipo y propico+ocs lsic+s ocl cncicrro,
tipo, numcro, t+m+no, co+o y conoicion rcproouctiv+ oc los +nim+lcs,
tipo y uso oc los m+tcri+lcs oc c+m+, tcmpcr+tur+ y numco+o rcl+tiv+,
n+tur+lcz+ oc los m+tcri+lcs uc crc+n l+ ncccsio+o oc l+ nigicnc, nsiolog+
norm+l y c+r+ctcrstic+s oc conouct+ oc los +nim+lcs, y r+piocz con uc sc
cont+min+n l+s supcrncics ocl +lbcrguc
Algunos sistcm+s oc +loj+micnto o protocolos cxpcrimcnt+lcs pucocn
rcucrir tccnic+s oc m+ncjo cspccncos, t+lcs como l+ m+nipul+cion
+scptic+ o l+ mooinc+cion oc l+ lrccucnci+ ocl c+mbio oc c+m+, situ+cion
uc ocbc scr cuio+oos+mcntc cv+lu+o+ por p+rtc ocl invcstig+oor y cl
oircctor ocl biotcrio, pucs csto pucoc mooinc+r l+ conouct+ ocl +nim+l y
c+mbi+r cl mooclo
ln l+s inst+l+cioncs p+r+ +loj+r +nim+lcs no sc ocbcn us+r +gcntcs uc
cnm+sc+rcn los olorcs, sustituirsc l+s bucn+s prctic+s oc nigicnc o
vcntil+cion +occu+o+ ni, t+mpoco, cxponcr + los +nim+lcs + compucstos
voltilcs uc poor+n mooinc+r los proccsos nsiologicos y mct+bolicos
bsicos
C+r+ctcrstic+s oc los +nim+lcs oc l+bor+torio
2
l+ nigicnc incluyc l+ limpicz+ ocl cncicrro prim+rio y sccuno+rio, con
proccoimicntos v+lio+oos y bucn+s prctic+s oc l+bor+torio p+r+ g+r+ntiz+r
cl bicncst+r +nim+l y, por lo t+nto, los rcsult+oos oc l+s invcstig+cioncs l+
octcccion oc +gcntcs inlccciosos cspccncos, como los prioncs, rcuicrc un
m+ncjo oc protcccion y tot+l ocstruccion cn cl proccso oc ocsinlcccion
l+ cv+lu+cion s+nit+ri+ oc los +nim+lcs cmplc+oos cn invcstig+cion sirvc p+r+
cl+sinc+rlos y, +simismo, cst+blcccr su p+rticip+cion scgun l+ c+linc+cion
rcucrio+ p+r+ c+o+ tipo oc cns+yo biologico Asimismo, p+r+ su posiblc y
pcrmitioo uso cn ooccnci+ lst+ octcrmin+cion s+nit+ri+ pcrmitc, + l+ vcz,
conoccr l+s conoicioncs oc proouccion y m+ntcnimicnto y l+ incxistcnci+
oc ricsgos p+r+ l+s pcrson+s uc cstn cn cont+cto con cllos
l+s cl+sinc+cioncs ms conocio+s y ms utiliz+o+s son
- Gnotobioticos n+ccn librcs oc gcrmcncs, pcro sc cont+min+n intcn-
cion+lmcntc con octcrmin+oos microorg+nismos
- Axcnicos (gcrm jrcc) librcs oc tooo gcrmcn ocmostr+blc
lntrc los mctooos oc obtcncion oc los +nim+lcs incluioos cn los oos grupos
+ntcriorcs, cncontr+mos l+ nistcrcctom+ oc un+ m+orc convcncion+l,
rcproouccion por cmp+rcnt+micnto oc oos +nim+lcs gnotobioticos, ctc
Ln+ vcz obtcnioos, los +nim+lcs ocbcn ocj+rsc cn +isl+oorcs prcvi+mcntc
cstcriliz+oos, uc g+r+nticcn cl m+ntcnimicnto oc su c+lio+o s+nit+ri+
l+mbicn ocbc scguirsc cl mismo protocolo con cl +gu+, l+ comio+, l+
c+m+ y cl +irc lstos mctooos oc obtcncion y m+ntcnimicnto son
cstrictos poruc cl objctivo cs cvit+r cu+luicr tipo oc cont+min+cion con
microorg+nismos + tr+vcs oc cst+s lucntcs
- Anim+lcs Sll (spc.:. pa|o.gcr jrcc) librcs oc p+togcnos cspccncos,
m+ntcnioos cn sistcm+s scp+r+oos ocl +mbicntc cxtcrno mcoi+ntc
b+rrcr+s lsic+s, oiscn+o+s cspccnc+mcntc p+r+ prcvcnir su
ll +nim+l como sujcto cxpcrimcnt+l Aspcctos tccnicos y cticos
2o
cont+min+cion con p+togcnos potcnci+lcs ll tcrmino, por s mismo,
no olrccc un+ ioc+ cx+ct+ oc l+ c+lio+o s+nit+ri+ oc los +nim+lcs si no
sc conoccn los microorg+nismos p+togcnos +uscntcs cn cllos
- Convcncion+lcs no ncccsit+n b+rrcr+s t+n cstrict+s p+r+ su cri+nz+ y
cstn librcs oc cnlcrmco+ocs tr+nsmisiblcs +l nombrc Cu+noo su uso
cs pcrmitioo y siguicnoo protocolos +prob+oos por comitcs oc ctic+,
sc utiliz+n p+r+ ooccnci+ o cntrcn+micnto
Con cl nn oc ocnnir mcjor l+ c+lio+o s+nit+ri+ oc los +nim+lcs oc
l+bor+torio, lucron propucstos y utiliz+oos v+rios sistcm+s oc cl+sinc+cion
uc ticncn cn cucnt+ su lor+ microbi+n+, su c+rg+ p+r+sitologic+ y su
sistcm+ oc m+ncjo
Lno oc los mctooos ms oilunoioos luc cl utiliz+oo por cl +nor+
ocs+p+rccioo Ccntro oc Anim+lcs oc l+bor+torio ocl Conscjo oc
Invcstig+cioncs \coic+s, ocl lcino Lnioo (lAC/\lC) cn su Sistcm+ oc
Acrcoit+cion oc Cri+oorcs oc Anim+lcs oc l+bor+torio. lstc cl+sinc+b+
los rocoorcs y l+gomorlos con cstrcll+s y + los pcrros y g+tos con lctr+s A
continu+cion, un rcsumcn oc l+ cl+sinc+cion por c+tcgor+s y sus usos
Ln+ cstrcll+ Comp+r+blc + +nim+lcs cri+oos sin b+rrcr+s, tr+oicion+lmcntc
ll+m+oos 'convcncion+lcs`, pcro librcs oc l+s cnlcrmco+ocs comuncs + los
+nim+lcs comunic+blcs +l nombrc lstos suclcn scr utilcs p+r+ colcgios y
univcrsio+ocs uc cnscn+n cicnci+s biologic+s
los cstrcll+s Comp+r+blcs + los ll+m+oos 'convcncion+lcs`, m+ntcnioos
b+jo m+yorcs p+troncs oc m+ncjo y, por lo t+nto, no inlcct+oos con
ClSlOlOS, lo uc inoic+r+ cont+min+cion oircct+ o inoircct+ oc l+
coloni+ con otros +nim+lcs l+mbicn ocbcn cst+r librcs oc cnlcrmco+ocs
cpiocmic+s scri+s, cspccnc+s p+r+ c+o+ cspccic lucocn scr s+tisl+ctorios
p+r+ +lgunos cxpcrimcntos oc cort+ our+cion
C+r+ctcrstic+s oc los +nim+lcs oc l+bor+torio
27
lrcs cstrcll+s Comp+r+blcs + los ocriv+oos por nistcrcctom+
Cu+tro cstrcll+s Comp+r+blcs + los ocsign+oos como Sll
los pcrtcnccicntcs + l+s c+tcgor+s oc trcs y cu+tro cstrcll+s cstn librcs oc
un +mplio r+ngo oc p+togcnos y son +ptos p+r+ c+si too+s l+s oisciplin+s
licnocn + scr cl gr+oo cstno+r oc +nim+lcs oc l+bor+torio cn los p+scs
ocs+rroll+oos
Cinco cstrcll+s Comp+r+blcs + los librcs oc gcrmcncs
los pcrros y g+tos lucron oivioioos cn cu+tro c+tcgor+s A, AA, AAA y AAAA
A ls l+ inlcrior, b+s+o+ cn un cx+mcn vctcrin+rio clnico uc ocnot+ un
+nim+l s+no m+ntcnioo convcncion+lmcntc
AA Comp+r+blcs + los convcncion+lcs m+ntcnioos b+jo p+troncs oc
m+ncjo supcrior, librcs oc p+rsitos cxtcrnos c intcrnos, con cxccpcion
oc cspccics oc Asc+ris
AAA lcriv+oos por nistcrcctom+ y m+ntcnioos b+jo b+rrcr+s, librcs oc
un+ gr+n v+rico+o oc p+togcnos vir+lcs o b+ctcri+nos
AAAA librcs oc tooo org+nismo octcct+blc, como rcsult+oo oc tccnic+s
oc cr+ y m+ncjo cn sistcm+s ccrr+oos cstcrilcs
l+r+ c+o+ cspccic y c+tcgor+ s+nit+ri+, sc public+ron l+s list+s oc los
microorg+nismos y p+rsitos uc ocbcn cst+r +uscntcs cu+noo sc rc+liccn
los cxmcncs oc l+bor+torio +occu+oos
Como rcsult+oo oc un progr+m+ conjunto p+r+ l+ coopcr+cion y
ocs+rrollo cn cicnci+ y tccnolog+ cntrc los gobicrnos oc ]+pon y lst+oos
Lnioos, sc cl+boro un \+nu+l oc \onitorco \icrobiologico oc Anim+lcs
oc l+bor+torio Si bicn +ll no sc cst+blccc un+ cl+sinc+cion s+nit+ri+ oc
ll +nim+l como sujcto cxpcrimcnt+l Aspcctos tccnicos y cticos
2S
los +nim+lcs, sc +port+ un+ list+ oc +gcntcs conocioos o sospccn+oos
como p+togcnos, p+r+ r+t+s y r+toncs, uc pucocn intcrlcrir con los
rcsult+oos cxpcrimcnt+lcs l+mbicn sc cntrcg+ un+ ocscripcion oc los
+gcntcs, c+r+ctcrstic+s oc l+ inlcccion, mctooos oc control y prcvcncion,
y mctooos oc cns+yo ocl +gcntc p+togcno ls un+ cxcclcntc gu+ p+r+ cl
control rcucrioo cn coloni+s oc r+t+s y r+toncs uc +b+stczc+n +nim+lcs
ocnnioos s+nit+ri+mcntc
ll Instituto Ccntr+l p+r+ Anim+lcs lxpcrimcnt+lcs oc ]+pon (Ccr|rai !rs-
|:|u|c j.r Lxpcr:mcr|ai Ar:mais, Kawasa|:, japar), uc +ctu+ como Ccntro
oc Cooroin+cion oc \onitorco S+nit+rio ocl Conscjo Intcrn+cion+l oc
Cicnci+ oc Anim+lcs oc l+bor+torio (IClAS), proponc l+ cst+no+riz+cion
ocl monitorco s+nit+rio cl+sinc+noo los cont+min+ntcs microbiologicos
oc r+t+s y r+toncs cn c+tcgor+s oc l+ A n+st+ l+ l
Clasilcacion saniiaria dc los modclos animalcs cxpcrimcnialcs
C+tcgor+
+ctu+l
lcnomin+cion
tr+oicion+l
Sc rcuicrc
+uscnci+ oc
l+rrcr+s y
m+ncjo
Aoccu+oos
p+r+
* Ln+ cstrcll+ Convcncion+lcs lnlcrmco+ocs
zoonotic+s
Cuio+oo
vctcrin+rio
cstno+r
loccnci+
**
los
cstrcll+s
Convcncion+lcs lnlcrmco+ocs
cpiocmic+s
cspccnc+s
Cuio+oo
vctcrin+rio,
monitorco
microbiologico
pcrm+ncntc
lxpcrimcntos oc
cort+ our+cion
***
lrcs
cstrcll+s
librcs oc
gcrmcncs
p+togcnos
cspccncos
Org+nismos
inc+p+ccs
oc p+s+jc
tr+nspl+ccnt+rio
y otros, r+ros
cn coloni+s con
+lto cstno+r oc
m+ncjo
Simplcs,
+lto cstno+r
oc m+ncjo,
ocnnicion oc
proccoimicntos
opcr+cion+lcs
cstno+r
lxpcrimcnt+cion
biologic+ y
biomcoic+ bsic+
C+r+ctcrstic+s oc los +nim+lcs oc l+bor+torio
29
****
Cu+tro
cstrcll+s
librcs oc
gcrmcncs
p+togcnos
cspccncos
librcs oc un
+mplio r+ngo oc
p+togcnos
Sonstic+o+s,
+lto cstno+r
oc m+ncjo
ocnnicion y
v+lio+cion oc
lOlS
lxpcrimcnt+cion
biologic+ y
biomcoic+
*****
Cinco
cstrcll+s
librcs oc
gcrmcncs
Cu+luicr
org+nismo
ocmostr+blc
Sistcm+ ccrr+oo
cstcril
lccnic+s
cspcci+lcs y
cspccnc+s cn
invcstig+cion
biologic+ y
biomcoic+
ll monitorco s+nit+rio ocbc scr rc+liz+oo por los l+bor+torios cspcci+liz+-
oos cn cl oi+gnostico oc cnlcrmco+ocs inlcccios+s, cont+min+cion micro-
biologic+ y problcm+s oc n+tur+lcz+ no microbi+n+ ll tccnico uc cst cn
pcrm+ncntc cont+cto con los +nim+lcs ocbc scr cntrcn+oo p+r+ rcconoccr
problcm+s oc s+luo y scr provisto oc un+ list+ oc vcrinc+cion oct+ll+o+ oc
l+s obscrv+cioncs rutin+ri+s
l+o+ l+ ncccsio+o oc limit+r cl numcro oc +nim+lcs mucstrc+oo p+r+
scr +n+liz+oo, sc n+n ocs+rroll+oo pl+ncs oc mucstrco b+s+oos cn
consiocr+cioncs cst+ostic+s Sc rcuicrc inlorm+cion prcvi+ sobrc lmitcs
oc conn+nz+ +ccpt+blcs y porccnt+jc cstim+oo oc +nim+lcs inlcct+oos
CIasihcacion y caracfersficas de Ias barreras
Simplcs - Vcntil+cion con prcsion positiv+
- liltr+cion oc +irc
- l+stcuriz+cion oc l+ oict+
- ll pcrson+l c+mbi+ su rop+ cxtcrior +l cntr+r +l biotcrio
- lstcriliz+cion oc l+s c+m+s y j+ul+s
Sonstic+o+s - Vcntil+cion con prcsion positiv+
- liltr+cion oc +irc p+r+ p+rtcul+s m+yorcs uc microncs
- lstcriliz+cion oc l+ oict+
- ll pcrson+l c+mbi+ too+ su rop+ +l cntr+r +l biotcrio l+cilio+ocs p+r+
tom+r b+no
- lstcriliz+cion oc j+ul+s y c+m+s
ll +nim+l como sujcto cxpcrimcnt+l Aspcctos tccnicos y cticos
30
Sin b+rrcr+s +occu+o+s, los +nim+lcs sc cont+min+n con microorg+nismos
p+togcnos l+ signinc+cion oc cst+s cont+min+cioncs y sus consccucnci+s
ocpcnocn oc c+o+ cspccic, oc l+s conoicioncs oc c+o+ coloni+ y oc l+
situ+cion cxpcrimcnt+l l+ cont+min+cion cruz+o+ cntrc cl nombrc y
los +nim+lcs pucoc constituir un ricsgo p+r+ +mbos grupos, lo uc ocbc
prcocup+r cspcci+lmcntc
l+ obtcncion y conscrv+cion oc +nim+lcs oc +lt+ c+lio+o s+nit+ri+ y
microbiologic+mcntc ocnnioos, rcuicrc +ltos p+troncs oc m+ncjo, b+rrcr+s
lsic+s y proccoimicntos +occu+oos p+r+ cvit+r l+ cntr+o+ oc p+togcnos
inocsc+blcs lcbcmos rccoro+r uc cu+nto m+yor cs l+ c+tcgor+ ocl
+nim+l, m+yorcs scrn los rcucrimicntos oc b+rrcr+ s+nit+ri+ ll m+yor
ricsgo oc tr+nsmision oc p+togcnos cspccncos lo constituyc l+ prcscnci+
oc micmbros oc l+ mism+ cspccic oc mcnor c+tcgor+ s+nit+ri+ lor
cso, un+ oc l+s b+rrcr+s ms import+ntc cs l+ scp+r+cion oc +nim+lcs oc
oilcrcntcs c+tcgor+s cn inst+l+cioncs +isl+o+s l+mbicn ocbc rccoro+rsc
uc cl nombrc cs uno oc los princip+lcs cont+min+ntcs oc los +nim+lcs,
ocbc cvit+rsc us+r los mismos tccnicos p+r+ tr+t+r +nim+lcs oc oilcrcntc
c+tcgor+ y/o sc ocbcn cxtrcm+r l+s b+rrcr+s ocstin+o+s + cvit+r uc los
cuio+oorcs o invcstig+oorcs tr+nsmit+n cicrtos p+togcnos + l+s coloni+s
Cu+noo sc us+n +nim+lcs inlcct+oos cxpcrimcnt+lmcntc, ocbc pcns+rsc
t+mbicn cn b+rrcr+s ocstin+o+s + cvit+r l+ s+lio+ oc microorg+nismos oc
l+s rc+s inlcct+o+s
Algunos conccptos uc v+lc l+ pcn+ rclorz+r son
+) l+ b+rrcr+ tot+l cs l+ sum+ oc l+s b+rrcr+s p+rci+lcs, ocsoc l+ ms
scncill+ + l+ ms sonstic+o+ No poocr +lront+r inst+l+cioncs costos+s
no justinc+ l+ l+lt+ oc cmplco oc otr+s b+rrcr+s simplcs como, por
cjcmplo, ccrr+r con ll+vc l+s pucrt+s p+r+ limit+r cl +cccso oc visit+ntcs
o ocl pcrson+l no +utoriz+oo cn octcrmin+oos scctorcs, o cl l+v+oo
lrccucntc oc l+s m+nos con proccoimicntos +occu+oos
C+r+ctcrstic+s oc los +nim+lcs oc l+bor+torio
31
b) l+s b+rrcr+s s+nit+ri+s -consistcntcs cn inst+l+cioncs, cuipos,
proccoimicntos y rutin+s- ocbcn cst+r v+lio+o+s
c) Su utiliz+cion ocbc rc+liz+rsc siguicnoo cstrictos lroccoimicntos
Opcr+tivos lst+no+riz+oos (lOls) cscritos, cn cuy+ +plic+cion ocbcn
cst+r l+mili+riz+oos y cntrcn+oos los usu+rios
o) los lOls ocbcn cst+r oisponiblcs cn c+o+ rc+ oc tr+b+jo + l+ uc
corrcsponocn l+ oircccion ocl cst+blccimicnto o cl ocp+rt+mcnto
uc corrcspono+ ocbcn cont+r con un cjcmpl+r complcto
A continu+cion, un+ list+ oc l+s princip+lcs b+rrcr+s s+nit+ri+s y +lgunos
comcnt+rios sobrc su inst+l+cion y utiliz+cion
Lisia dc larrcras saniiarias
1 Lbic+cion ocl biotcrio lucr+ ocl +lc+ncc oc pcligros s+nit+rios
(scp+r+cion oc inst+l+cioncs oc oilcrcntc gr+oo s+nit+rio, +lcj+micnto
oc lug+rcs lrccucnt+oos por +nim+lcs s+lv+jcs o pcrson+s cnlcrm+s,
ctc) y utiliz+cion oc sistcm+s y m+tcri+lcs oc construccion uc cvitcn
cl +loj+micnto oc pl+g+s y l+cilitcn los proccsos oc s+nitiz+cion
2 liscno ocl biotcrio +occu+oo, p+r+ +scgur+r cl +isl+micnto oc l+s
zon+s oc +nim+lcs y oc los clcmcntos s+nitiz+oos rcspccto oc l+s zon+s
con m+yor gr+oo oc cont+min+cion ls +conscj+blc l+ utiliz+cion oc
cooigo oc colorcs
3 liltr+cion +occu+o+ ocl +irc oc ingrcso y gr+oicntc oc prcsion ocsoc
l+s zon+s ms limpi+s + l+s ms cont+min+o+s (prcsion m+yor cn
corrcoor limpio) s+lvo cn biotcrio oc +nim+lcs inlcct+oos, oonoc
l+ prcsion mcnor ocbc cst+r cn l+s s+l+s oc +nim+lcs y cl +irc ocbc
nltr+rsc t+mbicn + l+ s+lio+ oc cst+s
- llujo oc pcrson+s y m+tcri+lcs, ocstin+oo + cvit+r cont+min+cion
cruz+o+
ll +nim+l como sujcto cxpcrimcnt+l Aspcctos tccnicos y cticos
32
l+rrcr+s +nti-rocoorcs y +nti-inscctos cn l+s zon+s oc +cccso (cn+p+s
lis+s oc, +proxim+o+mcntc, -0 cm oc +ltur+ y lmp+r+s ultr+violct+
con clcmcnto clcctrocut+ntc)
o limit+cion oc l+ cntr+o+ oc pcrson+s + lo cstrict+mcntc inoispcns+blc,
implcmcnt+noo cl uso, cn gr+oo progrcsivo, oc tr+mp+s con
ocsinlcct+ntc p+r+ c+lz+oo, c+mbio oc c+lz+oo, vcstimcnt+ oc rop+
cxtcrior s+nitiz+o+, oucn+ y uso oc unilormc cstcril, incluycnoo
msc+r+s, gorro y gu+ntcs
7 luipos oc ocsinlcccion o cstcriliz+cion (t+nucs o muin+s oc
l+v+oo, ncrvioorcs, t+nucs oc ocsinlcccion, cm+r+s oc v+por lucntc,
sistcm+s oc s+nitiz+cion oc +gu+ -nltr+cion, clor+cion, +cioinc+cion,
ctc-, cstul+s oc cstcriliz+cion, +utocl+vcs, cm+r+ oc cstcriliz+cion con
cioo pcr+cctico, s+lio+s por tunclcs provistos oc lmp+r+s ultr+violct+
o oc sistcm+ oc lumig+cion)
S Lso oc insccticio+s y ocsinlcct+ntcs +occu+oos por mctooos v+lio+-
oos
9 Cu+rcntcn+ y monitorco oc tooos los +nim+lcs uc llcg+n ocl
cxtcrior
10 \onitorco rutin+rio ocl pcrson+l y oc los +nim+lcs p+r+ iocntinc+r
port+oorcs oc p+togcnos inocsc+blcs
11 Aoicstr+micnto ocl pcrson+l +uxili+r, tccnico y prolcsion+l cn cl
cumplimicnto oc l+s rutin+s y proccoimicntos y cn l+ utiliz+cion
corrcct+ oc l+s b+rrcr+s lsic+s
Gcnciica y conirol gcnciico
An+nz+noo cl conccpto oc rc+ctivo biologico, los +spcctos rcl+cion+oos
con l+ nomogcncio+o y/o ocnnicion gcnctic+ oc los +nim+lcs son oc
incucstion+blc import+nci+ No cs posiblc utiliz+r cn cl l+bor+torio un
+nim+l cuy+ gcnctic+ no sc+ conocio+ o complct+mcntc ocnnio+, pucsto
C+r+ctcrstic+s oc los +nim+lcs oc l+bor+torio
33
uc poor+ rcsponocr + conoicioncs ocsconocio+s por cl invcstig+oor y
scsg+r oc csc mooo sus rcsult+oos
ls rcuisito univcrs+lmcntc cxigioo uc cl +nim+l utiliz+oo cn
invcstig+cion biologic+ o biomcoic+ sc+ obtcnioo oc un ccntro oc
proouccion ccrtinc+oo, rcsult+ in+omisiblc l+ utiliz+cion oc +nim+lcs oc
gr+nj+ o oc ccntros oc zoonosis p+r+ cst+ cl+sc oc invcstig+cion, y +un
p+r+ ooccnci+
l+s c+r+ctcrstic+s gcnctic+s son rclcv+ntcs p+r+ sclcccion+r los +nim+lcs
oc +cucroo con los objctivos cxpcrimcnt+lcs lxistcn oistintos tipos oc
coloni+s y ccp+s, por cst+ r+zon, cs luno+mcnt+l uc cl invcstig+oor
conozc+ sus oilcrcnci+s y ocs+rrollc critcrios oc sclcccion, inclusion o
cxclusion con rcl+cion + sus proycctos
ls cscnci+l un+ invcstig+cion oc l+s c+r+ctcrstic+s gcnctic+s p+r+ sclcccio-
n+r los +nim+lcs, con cl nn oc clcgir los port+oorcs oc c+r+ctcrcs consis-
tcntcs con los objctivos cxpcrimcnt+lcs lcbcn consiocr+rsc l+s oilcrcn-
ci+s conocio+s cntrc cspccics, coloni+s o ccp+s uc incluycn cxpcct+tiv+s
oc vio+, +n+tom+, t+m+no corpor+l, sistcm+s nsiologicos y mct+bolicos,
rcucrimicntos nutricion+lcs, susccptibilio+o + cnlcrmco+ocs, c+r+ctcrs-
tic+s comport+mcnt+lcs, susccptibilio+o + xcnobioticos, cntrc otr+s ls
muy import+ntc conoccr l+ nistori+ gcnctic+ complct+ oc los +nim+lcs
+ntcs oc comcnz+r + tr+b+j+r
Tipos gcnciicos
Con rcl+cion + sus tipos gcncticos, los +nim+lcs sc cl+sinc+n cn Coloni+s
lxocri+o+s (.u|orca s|..|s), Ccp+s lnoocri+o+s (:rorca s|ra:rs), lbrioos,
Coloni+s l+rci+lmcntc lnoocri+o+s, Ccp+s lnoocri+o+s Ap+rc+o+s +l
Az+r, Ccp+s lnoocri+o+s lccombin+ntcs, \ut+ntcs, Ccp+s Congcnic+s,
Ccp+s Coisogcnic+s y Subccp+s y ocsvi+cion gcnctic+
ll +nim+l como sujcto cxpcrimcnt+l Aspcctos tccnicos y cticos
3-
C.i.r:as cx..r:aaas
\+ntcnio+s oc lorm+ oc cvit+r cl cruz+micnto oc l+mili+rcs ccrc+nos
ll objctivo cs m+ntcncr cl p..i y l+ oispcrsion gcnctic+ inici+l por t+nt+s
gcncr+cioncs como sc+ posiblc l+r+ csto ocbcn scr m+ntcnio+s como
coloni+s ccrr+o+s, sin sclcccion y oc m+ncr+ oc o+r mcnos ocl 1` oc
cnoocr+ por gcncr+cion ll logro oc cstc objctivo ocpcnocr ocl t+m+no
oc l+ coloni+, cl mctooo oc clcccion oc los proximos rcproouctorcs y cl
mctooo oc cruz+micnto uc sc clij+
los sistcm+s oc cr+ rccomcno+oos p+r+ l+s coloni+s cxocri+o+s ocpcnocn
ocl t+m+no ocl nuclco oc rcproouccion + s+bcr
10 - 2 \+cnos rcproouctorcs por gcncr+cion Sc rccomicno+
- Sistcm+s uc m+ximiz+n cvit+r l+ cnoocr+
2o - 100 \+cnos rcproouctorcs por gcncr+cion Sc rccomicno+n
- Sistcm+s uc m+ximiz+n cvit+r l+ cnoocr+
- Sistcm+s oc cruz+micnto rot+torio
\s oc 100 \+cnos rcproouctorcs por gcncr+cion Sc rccomicno+n
- Sistcm+s oc cruz+micnto rot+torio
- Cruz+micnto +l +z+r
Sistcm+s uc m+ximiz+n cvit+r l+ cnoocr+ cstn b+s+oos cn uc c+o+
m+cno rcproouctor contribuyc con un m+cno y c+o+ ncmbr+ rcproouctor+
contribuyc con un+ ncmbr+ p+r+ l+ proxim+ gcncr+cion oc rcproouctorcs
lstos nucvos rcproouctorcs sc +p+rc+n oc lorm+ oc cvit+r cl cruz+micnto
oc l+mili+rcs ccrc+nos
Sistcm+s oc cruz+micnto rot+torio su objctivo cs cvit+r cl cruz+micnto
oc l+mili+rcs ccrc+nos y +scgur+r uc l+ proxim+ gcncr+cion ocl nuclco
C+r+ctcrstic+s oc los +nim+lcs oc l+bor+torio
3
rcproouctor provcng+ oc un grupo oc p+orcs ms +mplio uc cl cspcr+blc
por +z+r
Cruz+micnto +l +z+r cl nuclco oc rcproouccion p+r+ l+ proxim+
gcncr+cion sc cligc +l +z+r cn l+ coloni+ tot+l y son +p+rc+oos por sortco,
sin tcncr cn cucnt+ cl gr+oo oc p+rcntcsco lucocn ocurrir +p+rc+micntos
oc l+mili+rcs ccrc+nos, lo cu+l cs un+ ocsvcnt+j+, pcro no oc+sion+rn un
nivcl +lto oc cnoocr+ cu+noo l+ coloni+ cs oc t+m+no consiocr+blc
Ccpas cra..r:aaas
Obtcnio+s + p+rtir oc un+ p+rcj+ unic+, por continuo cruz+micnto cntrc
ncrm+nos o cntrc p+orcs c nijos lcspucs oc 20 o ms gcncr+cioncs con
cstc mctooo, sc obticnc un cocncicntc oc cnoocr+ (prob+bilio+o oc uc
oos gcncs oc cu+luicr i..us sc+n iocnticos) ocl 9S,o` lstc cs cl nivcl
mnimo +ccpt+oo intcrn+cion+lmcntc p+r+ uc un+ ccp+ sc+ ocsign+o+
cnoocri+o+ lst+s ccp+s ocbcn scr m+ntcnio+s por continuo +p+rc+micnto
ocl mismo tipo
ln gcncr+l, l+ cnoocr+ oisminuyc cl rcnoimicnto rcproouctivo y ticnoc +
oisminuir l+ cxpcct+tiv+ oc vio+ Con lrccucnci+, cl proccso oc cnoocr+
ponc +l ocscubicrto +norm+lio+ocs gcnctic+s cncubicrt+s cn l+s coloni+s
cxocri+o+s
d:or:a.s
lxistcn oos tipos, cl l1 y cl l2 ll primcro rcsult+ ocl cruz+micnto oc
oos ccp+s cnoocri+o+s looos cllos son isogcnicos (signinc+ uc tooos
los inoiviouos son gcnctic+mcntc iocnticos como gcmclos monocigotos)
pcro nctcrocigotos cn tooos los gcncs cn uc l+s ccp+s progcnitor+s
oincr+n ln gcncr+l, son ms +o+pt+blcs + los c+mbios +mbicnt+lcs uc
l+s ccp+s oc sus p+orcs y ticncn mcjor rcnoimicnto rcproouctivo Solo
sc us+ l+ primcr+ gcncr+cion los l2 son los +nim+lcs rcsult+ntcs ocl
ll +nim+l como sujcto cxpcrimcnt+l Aspcctos tccnicos y cticos
3o
cruz+micnto cntrc oos nbrioos l1 licncn un+ b+sc gcnctic+ m+yor uc
los l1
C.i.r:as par.:aimcr|c cra..r:aaas
Coloni+s cn l+s cu+lcs cl cruz+micnto cntrc ncrm+nos no n+ +lc+nz+oo
+un 20 gcncr+cioncs
Ccpas cra..r:aaas aparcaaas ai azar
Ccp+s uc tuvicron por lo mcnos 20 gcncr+cioncs oc cruz+micnto cntrc
ncrm+nos, pcro no cstn sicnoo m+ntcnio+s con cstc tipo oc cruz+micnto
lsto pucoc rc+liz+rsc por +lgun+s gcncr+cioncs p+r+ prooucir un gr+n
numcro oc +nim+lcs cxpcrimcnt+lcs por un mctooo como cl oc l+s luccs
oc trnco (|raj. i:go|).
Ccpas cra..r:aaas rc..mo:rar|cs
lrooucio+s + p+rtir oc oos ccp+s cnoocri+o+s uc sc +p+rc+n p+r+ obtcncr
los nbrioos l1 lstos sc vuclvcn + cruz+r p+r+ lorm+r cl nbrioo l2 lc
cstos ultimos sc sclcccion+n, +l +z+r, m+cnos y ncmbr+s uc sc cnoocr+n
nucv+mcntc, o+noo origcn + multiplcs lnc+s ll rcorocn+micnto y
nj+cion oc los gcncs, origin+lmcntc prcscntcs cn l+s ccp+s progcnitor+s,
ocurrc cn lorm+ +z+ros+ cn l+s ccp+s cnoocri+o+s rccombin+ntcs +s
obtcnio+s
\u|ar|cs
Anim+lcs rcsult+ntcs oc un+ mut+cion n+tur+l o inoucio+ l+ v+ri+cion
gcnctic+ oc cstos +nim+lcs cs simil+r + l+ oc l+ ccp+ uc lc oio origcn
Gcncr+lmcntc, ticncn c+r+ctcrstic+s rcproouctiv+s pobrcs
C+r+ctcrstic+s oc los +nim+lcs oc l+bor+torio
37
Ccpas ..rgcr:.as
lrooucio+s por rctrocruz+micnto (oa.|.r.ss:rg), cs occir, cruz+micnto
rcpctioo oc +nim+lcs port+oorcs oc un gcn mut+ntc con +nim+lcs oc
un+ ccp+ cnoocri+o+ uc, norm+lmcntc, no cs port+oor+ oc oicno gcn
Sc obticncn rctrocruz+noo, por 10 + 12 gcncr+cioncs, cl nbrioo l1
port+oor oc l+ mut+ntc sclcccion+o+ con l+ ccp+ port+oor+ ocl lonoo
gcnctico rcucrioo l+ lnc+ +s obtcnio+ sc m+nticnc lucgo cn cst+oo
nomocigotico por cruz+micnto cntrc ncrm+nos Con cstc sistcm+
no sc tr+nsncrc sol+mcntc cl gcn mut+ntc sino, t+mbicn, un+ porcion
cromosom+l +oy+ccntc cuyo t+m+no ocpcnoc ocl numcro oc gcncr+cioncs
oc rctrocruz+micnto us+oo p+r+ obtcncr l+ ccp+ congcnic+
Ccpas ..:s.gcr:.as
Sc obticncn oc+sion+lmcntc, cu+noo ocurrc un+ mut+cion cn un+ ccp+
cnoocri+o+ ln cstc c+so, l+ mut+ntc solo oincrc oc l+ ccp+ origin+l cn
un unico i..us
Suo.cpas y acsv:a.:.r gcrc|:.a
lucocn cxistir oilcrcnci+s gcnctic+s cntrc ccp+s o coloni+s uc comp+rtcn
cl mismo nombrc origin+l, pcro uc lucron m+ntcnio+s cn oilcrcntcs
loc+lio+ocs lor ocnnicion, cs+s ccp+s sc ll+m+n subccp+s l+mbicn,
pucocn prooucirsc oilcrcnci+cioncs gcnctic+s cn un+ ccp+ o coloni+
m+ntcnio+ cn un+ loc+lio+o octcrmin+o+ our+ntc un pcrooo l+rgo oc
ticmpo y, por cso, cs muy import+ntc cl monitorco gcnctico pcrm+ncntc
Cu+noo sc rcuicrc +scgur+r l+ prcscrv+cion oc un+ octcrmin+o+ gcnctic+
por l+rgos pcrooos, sc pucoc rccurrir + l+s tccnic+s oc prcscrv+cion oc
cmbrioncs por congcl+micnto + muy b+j+s tcmpcr+tur+s
ll +nim+l como sujcto cxpcrimcnt+l Aspcctos tccnicos y cticos
3S
Mciodos dc aparcamicnio
ll sistcm+ clcgioo ocpcnocr oc los nbitos oc l+ cspccic y ocl tipo oc
cr+ rcucrio+
l+rcs monogmicos consistc cn +lbcrg+r juntos un+ ncmbr+ y un m+cno
cn lorm+ pcrm+ncntc lstc mctooo l+cilit+ cl sistcm+ oc rcgistros y
pcrmitc +provccn+r cl cstro posp+rto cu+noo cstc ocurrc ls un mctooo
ms costoso cn csp+cio, tr+b+jo y m+tcri+lcs
l+rcncs un m+cno sc coloc+ junto con oos o ms ncmbr+s ls un mctooo
uc +norr+ m+cnos, pcro oincult+ los rcgistros lucocn cmplc+rsc oos
sistcm+s
+) l+rcn pcrm+ncntc cl grupo sc m+nticnc junto our+ntc su vio+
rcproouctiv+ y sc +provccn+ cl cstro posp+rto, pcro sc oincult+n
rcgistros oct+ll+oos y n+y ricsgo oc sobrcpobl+cion
b) lctiro oc l+ j+ul+ l+s ncmbr+s grvio+s son rctir+o+s + c+j+s scp+r+o+s
cn cl ultimo pcrooo oc gcst+cion, p+r+ l+cilit+r los rcgistros Sc cvit+
l+ sobrcpobl+cion, pcro sc picroc l+ posibilio+o oc +provccn+r cl cstro
posp+rto
los mctooos ms convcnicntcs p+r+ c+o+ cspccic poorn scr consult+oos
cn m+nu+lcs +propi+oos
Conirol gcnciico
Con cl nn oc g+r+ntiz+r l+ +utcnticio+o oc l+s ccp+s o coloni+s utiliz+o+s
cn l+ invcstig+cion o tr+b+jo biologico, l+s pobl+cioncs oc +nim+lcs oc
l+bor+torio ocbcn scr somctio+s + un control gcnctico progr+m+oo lsto
cs oc l+ m+yor rclcv+nci+ p+r+ cl monitorco oc lnc+s cons+ngunc+s ll
proposito cs ocscubrir, cn lorm+ tcmpr+n+, l+ +p+ricion oc mut+cioncs o
crrorcs cn l+ clcccion oc los rcproouctorcs Como los cns+yos gcncticos
son clcctu+oos sobrc un+ mucstr+ pcucn+ oc los inoiviouos y i..us,
C+r+ctcrstic+s oc los +nim+lcs oc l+bor+torio
39
sus rcsult+oos ticncn v+lor rcl+tivo y ocbcn utiliz+rsc v+rios mctooos cn
lorm+ complcmcnt+ri+
los princip+lcs mctooos utiliz+oos consistcn cn
+) Injcrtos oc picl
b) Iocntinc+cion oc gcncs oc pigmcnt+cion
c) Anlisis oc polimornsmo umico
o) \orlolog+ csuclctic+
c) Anlisis oc nistocomp+tibilio+o
l) Anlisis oc lNA gcnomico
l+ obscrv+cion oc v+ri+cioncs cn l+ prolincio+o, l+ +grcsivio+o, l+s
p+rticul+rio+ocs p+tologic+s y/o nsiologic+s, y l+ rcspucst+ + orog+s pucoc
t+mbicn +lcrt+r sobrc posiblcs cont+min+cioncs gcnctic+s
lanco dc cmlrioncs
ln l+ +ctu+lio+o, cxistcn numcros+s ccp+s cnoocri+o+s, congcnic+s y
mut+ntcs, como t+mbicn numcros+s coloni+s cxocri+o+s Sol+mcntc cl
lnoicc Intcrn+cion+l oc Anim+lcs oc l+bor+torio ticnc ms oc -00
cntr+o+s, corrcsponoicnoo l+ m+yor+ + r+toncs y, cn scgunoo lug+r, +
r+t+s
Scr+ imposiblc m+ntcncr un numcro muy clcv+oo oc ccp+s y coloni+s
cn const+ntc rcproouccion, ocbioo +l costo, csp+cio y tr+b+jo rcucrioos
Aocms, cxistc ricsgo oc l+ +p+ricion oc mut+cioncs y oc cont+min+cion
con +gcntcs p+togcnos lor csos motivos, mucn+s oc cst+s ccp+s cstn
sicnoo m+ntcnio+s cn b+ncos oc cmbrioncs, congcl+oos cn nitrogcno
luioo y cn cst+oo oc rcimpl+nt+cion Sc ocscongcl+n y tr+nsncrcn +
m+orcs +ooptiv+s cu+noo l+s ncccsio+ocs oc l+s invcstig+cioncs +s lo
rcuicrcn
ll +nim+l como sujcto cxpcrimcnt+l Aspcctos tccnicos y cticos
-0
Llcccion dcl modclo gcnciico
Algun+s propico+ocs -como isogcnicio+o, nomocigosis, cst+bilio+o gcnc-
tic+ + l+rgo tcrmino, iocntinc+bilio+o, unilormio+o lcnotpic+, inoiviou+li-
o+o, posibilio+o oc oistribucion intcrn+cion+l y cxistcnci+ oc un b+nco oc
o+tos- oincrcn cn m+gnituo cn los oilcrcntcs tipos gcncticos y csto ocbc
consiocr+rsc +l rc+liz+rsc l+ occision oc us+r un octcrmin+oo mooclo
l+ clcccion ocpcnocr ocl tipo oc tr+b+jo uc sc ocscc rc+liz+r, oc l+s
c+r+ctcrstic+s oc l+s ccp+s y coloni+s, oc l+ inlorm+cion oisponiblc
cn tr+b+jos public+oos y oc l+ oisponibilio+o loc+l Cu+noo no sc
ticnc suncicntc inlorm+cion, ocbcn rc+liz+rsc cstuoios piloto cn v+rios
mooclos p+r+ octcrmin+r cl ms convcnicntc l+y uc tcncr cn cucnt+ cl
ocscmpcno rcproouctivo, pucs csto pucoc llcg+r + scr un l+ctor limit+ntc
p+r+ l+ rc+liz+cion oc los tr+b+jos ocnnitivos
Cu+noo l+ c+r+ctcrstic+ import+ntc no cs lucrtcmcntc ncrcoit+ri+,
poorn us+rsc coloni+s cxocri+o+s uc, gcncr+lmcntc, ticncn un
potcnci+l rcproouctivo +lto No cs logico us+rl+s con cl critcrio oc uc
cll+s rcprcscnt+n mcjor + l+ tot+lio+o oc l+ cspccic l+r+ csto cs mcjor
utiliz+r un cspcctro oc oilcrcntcs ccp+s cnoocri+o+s y oc nbrioos l1
lr+oicion+lmcntc, sc pcns+b+ uc, cu+noo cl cxpcrimcnto rcucr+ un
mooclo +nim+l con intcncion oc cxtr+pol+r los rcsult+oos +l nombrc (p+r+
cl cstuoio oc un+ cnlcrmco+o num+n+, por cjcmplo) l+ utiliz+cion oc
+nim+lcs cri+oos +l +z+r cr+ l+ ms +occu+o+, por +scmcj+rsc ms +l tipo
oc rcproouccion oc los num+nos lsto n+ sioo cucstion+oo ultim+mcntc
por +lgunos +utorcs, con v+ri+oos +rgumcntos, uc proponcn cl uso oc
v+ri+s ccp+s isogcnic+s cn oiscnos l+ctori+lcs.
Cu+noo cl c+rctcr rcucrioo cs +lt+mcntc ncrcoit+rio, cs prclcriblc
utiliz+r un+ ccp+ cnoocri+o+ convcnicntc l+s ccp+s congcnic+s son muy
utilcs p+r+ cstuoi+r los clcctos oc un gcn mut+ntc simplc, pucsto uc l+
cnoocri+o+ no port+oor+ oc csc gcn provcc cl +nim+l control ioc+l
C+r+ctcrstic+s oc los +nim+lcs oc l+bor+torio
-1
Cu+noo los +nim+lcs son utiliz+oos como rc+ctivos p+r+ v+lor+cioncs
biologic+s, ocbc tcncrsc cn cucnt+ cl noicc oc prccision iamoaa (cocicntc
cntrc l+ ocsvi+cion cstno+r y l+ pcnoicntc) c+r+ctcrstico oc l+ cspccic,
coloni+ o ccp+ lstc octcrmin+r cl numcro oc rcpucst+s ncccs+ri+s p+r+ los
lmitcs oc conn+nz+ rcucrioos ll mcjor mooclo scr cl uc proporcionc
cl v+lor ms b+jo p+r+ iamoaa + igu+lo+o oc prccio por unio+o
l+ litcr+tur+ intcrn+cion+l prcscnt+ numcrosos cjcmplos ocl imp+cto
oc l+ gcnctic+ oc los +nim+lcs oc l+bor+torio sobrc los rcsult+oos
cxpcrimcnt+lcs.
Nomcnclaiura
Como y+ sc oijo, l+ v+liocz, intcrprct+cion y rcproouccion oc los rcsult+oos
ocpcnocn oc l+ cx+ct+ iocntinc+cion ocl mooclo +nim+l utiliz+noo un+
nomcncl+tur+ +occu+o+ ln los tr+b+jos public+oos, cxistc un+ gr+n
omision + cstc rcspccto, l+ uc sc m+nincst+ ms m+rc+o+mcntc +l
ocscribir coloni+s cxocri+o+s \ucnos invcstig+oorcs sigucn us+noo los
nombrcs origin+lcs (por cjcmplo r+toncs suizos o r+t+s w:s|ar), + pcs+r oc
uc cn l+ +ctu+lio+o los cri+oorcs ticncn nombrcs ms oilcrcnci+oos p+r+
un+ iocntinc+cion ms cx+ct+ lcbioo + los oilcrcntcs sistcm+s oc cri+nz+
y +l numcro limit+oo oc p+rcj+s tr+sl+o+o+s, l+s coloni+s ocriv+o+s oc
un+ mism+ coloni+ origin+l pucocn scr gcnctic+mcntc oilcrcntcs y, por
lo t+nto, tcncr oilcrcntc ocnomin+cion Si csto no cs tcnioo cn cucnt+,
l+s oilcrcnci+s gcnctic+s pucocn oc+sion+r v+ri+blcs incxplic+blcs cn los
rcsult+oos cxpcrimcnt+lcs
lxistcn norm+s intcrn+cion+lcs p+r+ l+ nomcncl+tur+ oc coloni+s
cxocri+o+s y oc ccp+s cnoocri+o+s y congcnic+s lst+s rcgl+s son p+r+
r+t+s y r+toncs, pcro sc rccomicno+ uc un sistcm+ oc nomcncl+tur+
simil+r sc+ us+oo p+r+ nmstcr, cob+yo y otros rocoorcs Cu+noo no sc
puco+n obtcncr +nim+lcs cst+no+riz+oos oc origcn cspccnco, pucoc
rcsult+r imposiblc +plic+r l+s gu+s public+o+s oc nomcncl+tur+ ln t+lcs
ll +nim+l como sujcto cxpcrimcnt+l Aspcctos tccnicos y cticos
-2
c+sos, los +nim+lcs ocbcn scr iocntinc+oos por cl+sinc+cion t+xonomic+
y lucntc oc origcn
ll Comitc Intcrn+cion+l oc Nomcncl+tur+ Gcnctic+ p+r+ l+toncs t+mbicn
ocs+rrollo cxtcns+s rcgl+s p+r+ nomcncl+tur+ oc gcncs, +norm+lio+ocs
cromosom+lcs y ccp+s cnoocri+o+s.
ll objctivo ocl sistcm+ oc nomcncl+tur+ cs o+r l+ m+yor c+ntio+o oc
inlorm+cion rclcv+ntc posiblc los oct+llcs ocl sistcm+ cstn lucr+ ocl
+lc+ncc oc cst+ gu+ ocbioo + su complcjio+o Sc rcmitc +l lcctor + l+
consult+ oc l+ bibliogr+l+ cit+o+
Iucntcs c anmalcs cjncs
lublic+cioncs intcrn+cion+lmcntc rcconocio+s pcrmitcn conoccr l+s ccp+s,
coloni+s y mut+ntcs cxistcntcs y loc+liz+r rpio+mcntc l+s institucioncs
uc l+s posccn cn octcrmin+oo cst+oo s+nit+rio
Ccnt:cs c :cjc:cnca gcnctca
ll Conscjo Intcrn+cion+l oc Cicnci+ oc Anim+lcs oc l+bor+torio n+
ocsign+oo ccntros oc rclcrcnci+ cspcci+liz+oos cn oilcrcntcs tccnic+s oc
monitorcs gcncticos y cn oilcrcntcs cspccics oc +nim+lcs
A continu+cion sc prcscnt+ un rcsumcn oricnt+oor uc incluyc conccptos
bsicos oc m+ncjo gcnctico oc los +nim+lcs
lipos oc coloni+s C+r+ctcrstic+s
Coloni+s .u|orca
s|..| o cxocri+o+s
\+ntcnio+s oc m+ncr+ uc sc cvit+ cl cruz+micnto con l+mili+rcs
ccrc+nos, cl objctivo cs m+ntcncr l+ oispcrsion gcnctic+
Ccp+s :rorca s|ra:rs
o cnoocri+o+s
Obtcnio+s + p+rtir oc un+ p+rcj+ unic+ por continuo cruz+micnto
cntrc ncrm+nos o cntrc p+orcs c nijos lcspucs oc 20 o ms
gcncr+cioncs sc obticnc un cocncicntc oc cnoocr+ ocl 9S,o`
C+r+ctcrstic+s oc los +nim+lcs oc l+bor+torio
-3
lbrioos lxistcn oos tipos cl l1 rcsult+ ocl cruz+micnto oc oos ccp+s
cnoocri+o+s y son ms +o+pt+blcs + los c+mbios +mbicnt+lcs uc
l+s ccp+s oc sus p+orcs y ticncn mcjor rcnoimicnto rcproouctivo,
cl l2 rcsult+ ocl cruz+micnto cntrc los nbrioos l1
\ut+ntcs Son +nim+lcs rcsult+ntcs oc un+ mut+cion n+tur+l o inoucio+
Gcncr+lmcntc ticncn c+r+ctcrstic+s rcproouctiv+s pobrcs
Mciodos dc aparcamicnio
\ctooo C+r+ctcrstic+s
l+rcs monogmicos Consistc cn +lbcrg+r juntos un+ ncmbr+ y un m+cno cn lorm+
pcrm+ncntc l+cilit+ cl mctooo oc rcgistro
l+rcncs Ln m+cno sc coloc+ junto con oos o ms ncmbr+s lincult+ los
rcgistros lucocn cmplc+rsc oos sistcm+s
- darcr pcrmarcr|c cl grupo sc m+nticnc unioo our+ntc
su vio+ rcproouctiv+ y sc +provccn+ cl cclo posp+rto, sc
oincult+n los rcgistros oct+ll+oos
- Pc|:r. ac ia ,auia l+s ncmbr+s grvio+s son rctir+o+s + c+j+s
scp+r+o+s cn cl ultimo pcrooo oc gcst+cion, l+cilit+ los
rcgistros pcro sc ocs+provccn+ cl cclo posp+rto
Moniiorco gcnciico
A tr+vcs oc un conjunto oc tccnic+s, nos pcrmitc vcrinc+r si los +nim+lcs
uc utiliz+mos conscrv+n +un l+s c+r+ctcrstic+s gcnctic+s origin+lcs oc
l+ lnc+ oc l+ cu+l provicncn, o si n+n sulrioo +lgun+ v+ri+cion +soci+o+
+l lcnomcno conocioo como 'cont+min+cion gcnctic+ lstc control cst
oricnt+oo + l+ octcccion oc gcncs cspccncos y no pcrmitc octcct+r l+
prcscnci+ oc mut+cioncs cspontnc+s, y+ uc no cv+lu+ l+ tot+lio+o ocl
gcnom+
los controlcs pucocn oivioirsc cn trcs c+tcgor+s
- C+r+ctcriz+cion ocscribc cl gcnotipo oc un+ lnc+ nucv+, +n+liz+noo
cl m+yor numcro oc i..: posiblcs
- lipo I sc cmplc+ solo p+r+ connrm+r cl pcrnl gcnctico oc un+ lnc+
ll +nim+l como sujcto cxpcrimcnt+l Aspcctos tccnicos y cticos
--
- lipo II sc +n+liz+ un grupo mnimo oc i..:, sclcccion+oos cspcci+l-
mcntc p+r+ oiscrimin+r cntrc v+ri+s lnc+s
ll control gcnctico oc los +nim+lcs oc cxpcrimcnt+cion cs oc cspcci+l
import+nci+ p+r+ g+r+ntiz+r l+ v+liocz y l+ rcprooucibilio+o oc los
rcsult+oos oc l+s invcstig+cioncs Cu+luicr +ltcr+cion no octcct+o+ oc
su p+trimonio gcnctico pucoc implic+r, t+mbicn, un+ +ltcr+cion oc sus
c+r+ctcrstic+s lcnotpic+s, lo cu+l, +l no scr octcct+oo + ticmpo, pucocn
n+ccr uc l+ ccp+ sc +lcjc progrcsiv+mcntc oc su p+tron gcnctico inici+l
n+st+ +lc+nz+r oilcrcnci+s in+ccpt+blcs ln oc+sioncs, sc pucoc prooucir
un+ cont+min+cion gcnctic+ con cl gcnom+ oc otr+ ccp+ oilcrcntc ocbioo
+ crrorcs cn l+ sclcccion oc los progcnitorcs lst+s +ltcr+cioncs son
lcilmcntc cvit+blcs con un progr+m+ oc cruccs +occu+oo y mctooos oc
control ocl gcnotipo cn l+ s+l+ cxpcrimcnt+l o biotcrio
lxistcn oivcrsos mctooos oc control oc l+ purcz+ gcnctic+ oc los +nim+lcs
oc l+bor+torio, cntrc los cu+lcs sc cncucntr+n polimornsmo bioumico,
b+s+oo cn l+ oilcrcnci+ +lclic+ oc +lgun+s cnzim+s oc l+s ccp+s +n+liz+o+s,
ccl+lomctr+, y+ uc cl t+m+no y lorm+ oc +lgunos nucsos ocl m+cizo
cr+ncol+ci+l cst octcrmin+oo por un numcroso grupo oc gcncs, nisto-
comp+tibilio+o tisul+r, octcrmin+o+ con +loinjcrtos, us+noo +nticucrpos
monoclon+lcs, y polimornsmos cn l+ sccucnci+ oc AlN, por mctooos
molccul+rcs cn los uc sc pucoc cu+ntinc+r cl numcro v+ri+blc oc rcpcti-
cioncs cn |aracm (VNll), polimornsmos oc simplc nuclcotioo (SSll) o
polimornsmos p+r+ l+ longituo oc lr+gmcntos oc rcstriccion (llll)
Salas dc animalcs
lxistc +buno+ntc cviocnci+ oc uc l+s conoicioncs +mbicnt+lcs cn
uc sc cr+n y cxpcrimcnt+n los +nim+lcs inluycn occisiv+mcntc cn
l+s rcspucst+s + los oilcrcntcs tr+t+micntos Si sc rcuicrcn rcpucst+s
cst+no+riz+o+s, l+s conoicioncs cn uc sc m+nticnc + los +nim+lcs ocbcn
scr nj+s y comp+r+blcs cn tooos los l+bor+torios ocl munoo
C+r+ctcrstic+s oc los +nim+lcs oc l+bor+torio
-
ln gcncr+l, los c+mbios cn cl +mbicntc son rcgistr+oos por los rcccptorcs
cxtcrnos oc los +nim+lcs uc cnv+n l+ inlorm+cion +l Sistcm+ Ncrvioso
Ccntr+l (SNC), cl uc, + su vcz, inlorm+r +l sistcm+ ncurocnoocrino
p+r+ rcst+ur+r cu+luicr ocsb+l+ncc nomcosttico lsto prooucir
c+mbios cn cl mooclo +nim+l y, con cllo, +ltcr+cioncs, rcconociblcs o
no, cn l+s rcspucst+s oc+sion+o+s por cl tr+t+micnto cxpcrimcnt+l lst+s
+ltcr+cioncs pucocn tr+oucirsc cn un+ mooinc+cion ocl tipo oc rcspucst+
o cn un +umcnto oc l+ v+ri+bilio+o oc los rcsult+oos, cntrc o ocntro oc
los l+bor+torios
los princip+lcs l+ctorcs +mbicnt+lcs uc +lcct+n + los +nim+lcs pucocn
cl+sinc+rsc cn
+) Climticos (tcmpcr+tur+, numco+o, vcntil+cion, ctc)
b) lisicoumicos (ilumin+cion, ruioo, prcscnci+ oc cont+min+ntcs,
+ncstcsicos y s+nitiz+ntcs, composicion ocl +irc y c+m+, ctc)
c) l+bit+cion+lcs (lorm+, t+m+no, tipo y pobl+cion oc l+s j+ul+s, ctc)
o) Nutricion+lcs (oict+s, +gu+ y csucm+ oc +oministr+cion)
c) \icroorg+nismos y p+rsitos, con cspcci+l rclcrcnci+ + los p+togcnos
cspccncos oc c+o+ cspccic
l) Situ+cion cxpcrimcnt+l
ll oiscno oc los biotcrios -o sitios oonoc sc cuio+ y us+ cl +nim+l como
mooclo oc cxpcrimcnt+cion- rcuicrc conoicioncs mnim+s +occu+o+s
p+r+ su ocs+rrollo A continu+cion, ocscribircmos oc m+ncr+ concis+ los
csp+cios mnimos uc ocbc tcncr c+o+ uno oc cstos sitios
Pc.cp.:.r
lcbc scr un csp+cio inocpcnoicntc ocl rcsto oc l+s rc+s oc +nim+lcs
y cst+r ocstin+oo + o+r +loj+micnto + +ucllos sujctos oc nucv+
+ouisicion, cvit+noo +s su cont+cto con los oc coloni+s y+ cst+blccio+s
ll +nim+l como sujcto cxpcrimcnt+l Aspcctos tccnicos y cticos
-o
y l+ posiblc tr+nsmision oc cnlcrmco+ocs Sus oimcnsioncs ocbcn
+just+rsc + l+s +ccioncs inncrcntcs +l m+ncjo, +comooo y control oc
los sujctos involucr+oos, +s como pcrmitir un+ opcr+cion nigicnic+ c
inocpcnoicntc p+r+ c+o+ cspccic +nim+l cmplc+o+, oc +cucroo con cl
critcrio vctcrin+rio
Cuarcr|cra y a..ra:.:.ram:cr|.
ll biotcrio ocbc cont+r con un scctor cspccnco c inocpcnoicntc p+r+
cstc proposito Sus oimcnsioncs ocpcnocrn oc l+ c+ntio+o y v+rico+o oc
+nim+lcs +ouirioos oc lucntcs cxtcrn+s lcbc pcrmitir l+ scp+r+cion lsic+
oc cspccics y l+ rc+liz+cion oc cv+lu+cioncs y tr+t+micntos, inoispcns+blcs
p+r+ l+vorcccr un pcrooo oc +conoicion+micnto optimo cn los +nim+lcs,
our+ntc cl cu+l sc cst+biliz+n y l+mili+riz+n con sus nucv+s inst+l+cioncs,
prcvio + su uso cxpcrimcnt+l
Arcas ac pr.au..:.r y mar|cr:m:cr|. ac i.s ar:maics
Cu+luicr rc+ ocstin+o+ + l+ m+nutcncion oc +nim+lcs oc l+bor+torio
por 2- nor+s o ms, ocbc consiocr+rsc como rc+ oc +loj+micnto l+s
oilcrcntcs cspccics ocbcn scr +loj+o+s cn zon+s inocpcnoicntcs, oc
+cucroo con los proycctos oc invcstig+cion y cl proposito cxpcrimcnt+l
o rcproouctivo +l cu+l cstcn sujctos, +unuc cstc conccpto sc n+ ioo
mooinc+noo por l+ +p+ricion oc los +isl+oorcs multicspccics
lcbc provccrsc csp+cio suncicntc our+ntc ct+p+s crtic+s como l+ gcst+cion
y l+ l+ct+nci+, p+r+ uc los +nim+lcs sc rcproouzc+n y sc m+ntcng+n cn
conoicioncs +propi+o+s
Arca para pr..ca:m:cr|.s
lcpcnoicnoo oc l+ oricnt+cion ocl progr+m+ oc tr+b+jo ocl biotcrio,
cstc ocbc cont+r con un cu+rto oc proccoimicntos oivcrsos p+r+ l+
C+r+ctcrstic+s oc los +nim+lcs oc l+bor+torio
-7
m+nipul+cion cxpcrimcnt+l oc +nim+lcs, sus tr+t+micntos, rccolcccion oc
luioos corpor+lcs, iocntinc+cion, prcp+r+cion uirurgic+ u otros lst+
rc+ pcrmitc cl tr+b+jo con +nim+lcs oc un grupo micntr+s cl rcsto oc l+
c+m+o+ o comp+ncros no sc cxcit+n lrcntc +l proccoimicnto
Arca ac .:rug:a
ls un scctor ocl biotcrio ocstin+oo y cuip+oo oc +cucroo con cl
ocs+rrollo oc proccoimicntos cxpcrimcnt+lcs, +n+lticos o oc cnscn+nz+
c invcstig+cion uc rcuicr+n cl cmplco oc tccnic+s uirurgic+s cn
conoicioncs +scptic+s Sus oimcnsioncs y cuip+micnto rcsponocn + l+s
ncccsio+ocs oc l+s cspccics +nim+lcs m+ntcnio+s por l+ institucion, oc
conlormio+o con cl critcrio vctcrin+rio
Arca ac rc.upcra.:.r
lcstin+o+ y cuip+o+ oc +cucroo con l+s ncccsio+ocs oc +tcncion oc
+nim+lcs somctioos + proccoimicntos inv+sivos Su oiscno, oimcnsioncs
y cuip+micnto rcsponocn + l+s ncccsio+ocs oc l+s cspccics +nim+lcs
oc l+ institucion, oc conlormio+o con cl critcrio vctcrin+rio ls un
rc+ ocstin+o+ + l+ cst+biliz+cion lsic+ y cmocion+l ocl +nim+l, prcvi+
+l rcingrcso + su j+ul+ oc m+ntcnimicnto ocspucs oc un proccoimicnto
uirurgico
Amo:cr|c
ll micro+mbicntc cn cl cu+l sc +lbcrg+ un +nim+l cs cl +mbicntc lsico
uc lo rooc+ oc m+ncr+ inmcoi+t+ lst compucsto por c+j+ o j+ul+,
c+m+, tcmpcr+tur+, numco+o y l+ composicion g+scos+ y p+rticul+o+
ocl +irc ll mcoio +mbicntc lsico ocl cncicrro sccuno+rio -cs occir,
l+ s+l+ oc cxpcrimcnt+cion, cst+blo o corr+l +l +irc librc- constituyc cl
m+cro+mbicntc
ll +nim+l como sujcto cxpcrimcnt+l Aspcctos tccnicos y cticos
-S
l+s mooinc+cioncs cn cl +mbicntc pucocn prooucir c+mbios cn cl mooclo
+nim+l, rcconociblcs o no, +s como cn l+s rcspucst+s oc+sion+o+s por cl
tr+t+micnto cxpcrimcnt+l lst+s +ltcr+cioncs pucocn tr+oucirsc cn un+
mooinc+cion ocl tipo oc rcspucst+ o cn un +umcnto oc l+ v+ri+bilio+o
oc los rcsult+oos cntrc o ocntro oc los l+bor+torios oonoc sc pr+ctiuc cl
mismo proccoimicnto p+r+ obtcncr rcsult+oos simil+rcs
ln los cncicrros prim+rios pcucnos pucoc scr oilcil mcoir l+s
c+r+ctcrstic+s micro+mbicnt+lcs l+ inlorm+cion oisponiblc inoic+ uc l+
tcmpcr+tur+, numco+o y conccntr+cion oc g+scs y p+rtcul+s + mcnuoo
son ms +lt+s cn cl micro+mbicntc ocl +nim+l uc cn cl m+cro+mbicntc
l+s conoicioncs micro+mbicnt+lcs pucocn inoucir c+mbios cn los
proccsos mct+bolicos y nsiologicos o +ltcr+cioncs cn l+ susccptibilio+o +
cnlcrmco+ocs
l+s conoicioncs micro+mbicnt+lcs pucocn inoucir c+mbios cn los
proccsos mct+bolicos y nsiologicos, clcctos cn l+ cstructur+ ocl ccrcbro y
cn l+ c+p+cio+o oc rccupcr+cion oc cnlcrmco+ocs o ncrio+s, y +ltcr+cioncs
cn l+ susccptibilio+o + cnlcrmco+ocs lcbcn busc+rsc l+s conoicioncs
micro+mbicnt+lcs uc s+tisl+g+n l+s ncccsio+ocs nsiologic+s oc los
+nim+lcs y prcvcng+n cl cstrcs psiconsiologico Ln+ ocscripcion puntu+l
oc cst+s conoicioncs sc cntrcg+ + continu+cion
Ai.,am:cr|.
lncicrro prim+rio un+ j+ul+, gcncr+lmcntc, constituyc los lmitcs ocl
+mbicntc inmcoi+to ocl +nim+l los cncicrros prim+rios +ccpt+blcs o
+occu+oos ocbcn pcrmitir
- S+tisl+ccr l+s ncccsio+ocs nsiologic+s y oc conouct+ oc los +nim+lcs,
incluycnoo l+ miccion y l+ oclcc+cion, cl m+ntcnimicnto oc l+
tcmpcr+tur+ corpor+l, los movimicntos norm+lcs y postur+, y, cu+noo
cstc inoic+oo, l+ rcproouccion
C+r+ctcrstic+s oc los +nim+lcs oc l+bor+torio
-9
- l+s intcr+ccioncs soci+lcs cntrc inoiviouos oc l+ mism+ cspccic y cl
cst+blccimicnto oc jcr+ru+ ocntro ocl cncicrro o cntrc cncicrros,
cvit+noo l+ sobrcpobl+cion
- Quc los +nim+lcs pcrm+nczc+n limpios y sccos cn l+s conoicioncs oc
numco+o +occu+o+s ocl +mbicntc (oc +cucroo con los rcucrimicntos
oc l+s cspccics)
- Ln+ vcntil+cion +occu+o+
- ll +cccso oc los +nim+lcs +l +gu+ y +limcnto
- Ln mcoio +mbicntc scguro, uc impio+ cl csc+pc oc los +nim+lcs o uc
sc cntr+mpcn cntrc supcrncics opucst+s o cn +bcrtur+s cstructur+lcs
- l+ +uscnci+ oc borocs cort+ntcs o proycccioncs uc puco+n c+us+rlcs
lcsioncs
- l+ obscrv+cion oc los +nim+lcs con l+ mnim+ molcsti+ p+r+ cllos
- Quc los +nim+lcs obscrvcn librcmcntc lo uc succoc cn cl cxtcrior oc
l+ j+ul+
Pc..mcraa.:.rcs ac cspa.:.
ls un +sunto complcjo pucs ocbcn consiocr+rsc los +spcctos biologicos
y ctologicos uc pcrmit+n +l +nim+l cxprcs+r too+ su conoicion
psiconsiologic+ norm+l lor cllo no cs suncicntc consiocr+r sol+mcntc su
pcso o supcrncic corpor+l l+s rccomcno+cioncs oc csp+cio ms us+o+s
n+n sioo cst+blccio+s cn l+ Gu+ p+r+ cl Cuio+oo y Lso oc los Anim+lcs
oc l+bor+torio oc IlAl (!rs|:|u|c .j Lao.ra|.ry Ar:mai Pcs.ur.c), uc
sc b+s+n cn cl juicio prolcsion+l y l+ cxpcricnci+ oc +cucroo con c+o+
cspccic y tipo +nim+l ln tcrminos gcncr+lcs, si sc ticncn cn cucnt+ cstos
p+rmctros cs posiblc g+r+ntiz+r un +lbcrguc +occu+oo p+r+ cl +nim+l
]unto con un progr+m+ +occu+oo oc cuio+oo, lc proporcion+r un tr+to
num+nit+rio, g+r+ntiz+noo, + l+ vcz, l+ mcnor c+ntio+o oc scsgos cn los
cns+yos
ll +nim+l como sujcto cxpcrimcnt+l Aspcctos tccnicos y cticos
0
l+ +ltur+, l+ cstructur+cion y los mcoios oc cnriuccimicnto +lcct+n cl
uso uc cl +nim+l puco+ o+rlc +l csp+cio Algun+s cspccics sc bcncnci+n
ms con p+rcocs (los rocoorcs tnigmotcticos) o con los rclugios (+lgunos
prim+tcs ocl Nucvo \unoo) o oc complcjio+ocs cn l+ j+ul+ (g+tos y
cnimp+nccs) uc ocl simplc +umcnto ocl rc+ oc piso l+ cv+lu+cion oc
l+s ncccsio+ocs oc csp+cio oc los +nim+lcs ocbc scr un proccso continuo
A lo l+rgo ocl ticmpo o cn protocolos oc l+rgo pl+zo sc ocbcn consiocr+r
+justcs cn cl csp+cio oc piso y cn cl oc +ltur+, y, cu+noo sc+ ncccs+rio,
mooinc+rlos
A continu+cion, sc mucstr+n l+s rccomcno+cioncs ocl csp+cio +sign+oo
+ l+s cspccics comuncs oc rocoorcs +loj+oos cn grupos, si sc +loj+n
inoiviou+lmcntc o cxccocn los pcsos list+oos, poor+n rcucrir oc ms
csp+cio
lsp+cio rccomcno+oo p+r+ rocoorcs oc l+bor+torio oc uso comun, +loj+oos cn grupo
Anim+lcs lcso Corpor+l g Arc+ oc piso/Anim+l cm
2
Altur+ + /cm
l+toncs <10
l+st+ 1
l+st+ 2
>2b
3S71
1o1
77-2
9o77
127
127
127
12 7
l+t+s <100
l+st+ 200
l+st+ 300
l+st+ -00
l+st+ 00
>00b
109oS
1-S39
1S71
2S1
3S71
-1o1
177S
177S
177S
177S
177S
177S
l+mstcrcs <o0
l+st+ S0
l+st+ 100
>100b
o-2
S3S7
10323
122S
12-
12-
12-
12-
Cob+yos <30
>30b
3S71
o1o
177S
177S
+ lc piso + tccno oc l+ j+ul+
b los +nim+lcs ms gr+nocs pucocn rcucrir ms csp+cio p+r+ s+tisl+ccr los cstno+rcs
oc rcnoimicnto
C+r+ctcrstic+s oc los +nim+lcs oc l+bor+torio
1
!cmpcra|ura y oumcaaa
ls import+ntc m+ntcncr cst+blc l+ tcmpcr+tur+ cn cl biotcrio, poruc
los +nim+lcs uc +ll sc +loj+n son, por lo gcncr+l, m+mlcros Cu+noo
l+ tcmpcr+tur+ cxtcrior c+mbi+, cstos gcncr+n tr+nslorm+cioncs p+r+
m+ntcncr su tcmpcr+tur+ intcrior cst+blc, lo cu+l pucoc +ltcr+r los
rcsult+oos lcntro oc cst+s tr+nslorm+cioncs poocmos cncontr+r c+mbios
cn su comport+micnto, cn cl grosor oc l+ picl, cn su mct+bolismo,
circul+cion, morlolog+, vclocio+o oc crccimicnto c, incluso, cn los ciclos
rcproouctivos y cl t+m+no oc l+s c+m+o+s
l+ rcspucst+ + prucb+s oc toxicio+o t+mbicn sc vc +lcct+o+ por c+mbios
o ocs+justcs cn l+ tcmpcr+tur+ y/o numco+o, oc t+l m+ncr+ uc pucoc
llcg+r n+st+ + invcrtir complct+mcntc l+ curv+ oc rcspucst+
l+ tcmpcr+tur+ ocbc scr control+o+ + oi+rio, inclusivc l+ tcmpcr+tur+
intcrn+ oc l+ j+ul+ lctcrmin+r uc l+ pucoc cst+r mooinc+noo, por
cjcmplo, cl tipo oc j+ul+, los nltros, cl tipo oc c+m+, cspccic +loj+o+, scxo
y ocnsio+o oc +loj+micnto
ll m+ntcnimicnto oc l+ tcmpcr+tur+ corpor+l ocntro oc los lmitcs oc l+
v+ri+cion norm+l cs cscnci+l p+r+ cl bicncst+r oc los +nim+lcs nomcotcrmos
l+ cxposicion oc los +nim+lcs no +o+pt+oos + tcmpcr+tur+s supcriorcs +
los 29,- C o por ocb+jo oc -,- C, sin uc tcng+n +cccso + protcccion cn
un rclugio u otro mcc+nismo, pucoc gcncr+r c+mbios inmunologicos uc
rcpcrcut+n cn los rcsult+oos oc l+s prucb+s Al +ltcr+r cl sistcm+ inmunc,
cstos c+mbios pucocn gcncr+r prolong+cion ocl ticmpo oc rccupcr+cion
posopcr+tori+ o posproccoimcnt+l, o pucoc inoucirsc l+ mucrtc oc los
+nim+lcs lxistc t+mbicn l+ posibilio+o oc uc cstos gcncrcn +o+pt+cioncs +
c+mbios cxtrcmos oc tcmpcr+tur+ -pucs ticncn cst+ c+p+cio+o intrnscc+-,
pcro cllo llcv+ ticmpo y c+mbios morlologicos y nsiologicos uc mooinc+n
cl mooclo inici+l, inv+lio+noo cntonccs los rcsult+oos ocl proyccto o
+oicion+noo v+ri+blcs uc ocbcn scr nucv+mcntc consiocr+o+s
ll +nim+l como sujcto cxpcrimcnt+l Aspcctos tccnicos y cticos
2
l+ tcmpcr+tur+ +mbicnt+l y l+ numco+o rcl+tiv+ pucocn ocpcnocr ocl
oiscno y l+s prctic+s ocl +loj+micnto, y pucocn scr consiocr+blcmcntc
oilcrcntcs cntrc los cncicrros prim+rio y sccuno+rio los l+ctorcs uc
contribuycn + l+ v+ri+cion oc tcmpcr+tur+ y numco+o incluycn los
m+tcri+lcs y l+ construccion ocl +loj+micnto, cl uso oc nltros, cl numcro
oc +nim+lcs por j+ul+, l+ vcntil+cion lorz+o+ oc los cncicrros, l+ lrccucnci+
ocl c+mbio oc m+tcri+l ocl lccno y cl tipo oc lccno
l+ numco+o ocl +mbicntc +yuo+ + l+ tcrmorrcgul+cion C+si sicmprc los
+nim+lcs oc l+bor+torio rcuicrcn un+ numco+o rcl+tiv+ oc +lrcocoor
ocl ` l+s v+ri+cioncs cn l+ numco+o pucocn scr oc m+yor o mcnor
scvcrio+o, ocpcnoicnoo oc l+ tcmpcr+tur+ (mcnos pcrjuoici+l + mcnor
tcmpcr+tur+) lor ocb+jo ocl -0` (muy b+jo) sc prcscnt+n +ltcr+cioncs ocl
tr+cto rcspir+torio por l+ c+ntio+o oc polvo y cl 'signo oc col+ cn +nillo` cn
r+toncs Con numco+o +lt+ sc l+vorccc l+ prcscnci+ oc microorg+nismos y
lorm+cion oc +moni+co por cl +t+uc oc cstos + los cxcrcmcntos, lo cu+l
vuclvc + los +nim+lcs ms susccptiblcs + l+s inlcccioncs
lspccic +nim+l lcmpcr+tur+ C
l+ton, r+t+, nmstcr 19-23
Cob+yo 1o-23
Concjo 1o-20
G+to, pcrro 1-2-
Ovcj+ 10-2-
\cr|:ia.:.r
los propositos oc l+ vcntil+cion son suministr+r oxgcno +occu+o+mcntc,
climin+r l+ c+rg+ tcrmic+ prooucto oc l+ rcspir+cion +nim+l, l+ ilumin+cion
y los +p+r+tos, oiluir los g+scs y p+rtcul+s cont+min+ntcs, +just+r cl
contcnioo oc numco+o ocl +irc ocl cu+rto, y, cn oonoc sc+ +propi+oo,
crc+r oilcrcnci+ oc prcsion oc +irc cntrc csp+cios +oy+ccntcs Sin cmb+rgo,
cst+blcccr un noicc oc vcntil+cion cn cl cu+rto no +scgur+ su +occu+cion
C+r+ctcrstic+s oc los +nim+lcs oc l+bor+torio
3
cn cl cncicrro prim+rio ocl +nim+l y, por lo t+nto, no g+r+ntiz+ l+ c+lio+o
ocl micro+mbicntc
lur+ntc mucnos +nos sc n+ us+oo l+ rccomcno+cion oc 10 + 1 c+mbios
por nor+ ocl volumcn tot+l oc +irc ocl cncicrro sccuno+rio y +un sc
consiocr+ un cstno+r gcncr+l +ccpt+blc Aun cu+noo cs cnc+z p+r+
mucn+s situ+cioncs cn l+s c+s+s oc +nim+lcs, cst+ rccomcno+cion no tom+
cn cucnt+ cl r+ngo oc l+s posiblcs c+rg+s tcrmic+s, l+s cspccics, t+m+no
y numcro oc +nim+lcs cn cucstion, cl tipo oc lccno o l+ lrccucnci+ oc su
c+mbio, l+s oimcnsioncs ocl cu+rto o l+ cncicnci+ oc l+ oistribucion ocl
+irc ocl cncicrro sccuno+rio n+ci+ cl prim+rio
2
l+ vcntil+cion ticnc un imp+cto signinc+tivo cn l+ s+luo oc los +nim+lcs
ll olor cxccsivo inoic+ un problcm+ oc vcntil+cion por l+ conccntr+cion
oc g+scs oc ocsccno, gcncr+lmcntc, ocntro oc l+ j+ul+ cs m+yor uc cn
tooo cl cu+rto
l+ vcntil+cion cn l+ j+ul+ cs +lcct+o+ por l+ prcscnci+ oc un nltro y cl tipo
oc nltro, +s como por su oiscno y loc+liz+cion oc +cucroo con cl p+tron
ocl lujo oc +irc ocl cu+rto ls import+ntc cont+r con un sistcm+ oc
rcnov+cion oc +irc uc climinc los g+scs toxicos, controlc l+ tcmpcr+tur+
y l+ numco+o, cvitc l+ cntr+o+ oc +gcntcs p+togcnos y no proouzc+
corricntcs
ls convcnicntc crc+r oilcrcnci+s oc prcsion cntrc l+s s+l+s y los corrcoorcs
(prcsioncs positiv+s cn l+s rc+s ms limpi+s), p+r+ cvit+r cl intcrc+mbio
oc +gcntcs inlccciosos cntrc l+s s+l+s oc +nim+lcs 'limpios` y l+s oc
inlcct+oos cxpcrimcnt+lmcntc Cu+noo sc tr+b+j+ con m+tcri+l inlcccioso
cs ncccs+rio nltr+r cl +irc uc s+lc oc l+s s+l+s
2 Amcric+n Socicty ol lc+ting, lclrigcr+tion, +no Air Conoitioning lnginccrs, Inc
(ASllAl) ASdPAL darao..| I-l coition Atl+nt+ ASllAl, 1992
ll +nim+l como sujcto cxpcrimcnt+l Aspcctos tccnicos y cticos
-
Sc rccomicno+ tcncr oc 10 + 1 c+mbios por nor+ ocl volumcn tot+l oc
+irc ocl cncicrro sccuno+rio Aun cu+noo cs cnc+z cn mucn+s situ+cioncs
p+r+ cl cncicrro oc +nim+lcs, cst+ rccomcno+cion no tom+ cn cucnt+
posiblcs oilcrcnci+s por cl r+ngo oc l+s c+rg+s tcrmic+s, l+s cspccics,
t+m+no y numcro oc +nim+lcs, cl tipo oc c+m+ o l+ lrccucnci+ oc su
c+mbio, l+s oimcnsioncs ocl cncicrro o l+ cncicnci+ oc l+ oistribucion ocl
+irc ocl cncicrro sccuno+rio n+ci+ cl prim+rio lcbioo + cstc l+ctor, sc
prcncrcn sistcm+s oc vcntil+cion inoiviou+l p+r+ los cncicrros prim+rios
lst+s conoicioncs l+s suministr+n cn l+ +ctu+lio+o los sistcm+s oc
micro+isl+oorcs, como cl Crc Cagc, por cjcmplo
!ium:ra.:.r
l+ intcnsio+o, longituo oc ono+ y lotopcrooo son v+ri+blcs uc pucocn
inluir cn cl comport+micnto oc los +nim+lcs oc l+bor+torio, por cso l+
luz ocbc scr unilormc y sin rclcjos
l+s cspccics oc l+bor+torio ms comuncs son l+s oc nbitos nocturnos o
crcpuscul+rcs, por cllo sus ojos no cstn +o+pt+oos + un+ luz muy lucrtc
y +lt+s intcnsio+ocs c+us+n c+mbios ocgcncr+tivos cn l+ rctin+, sobrc tooo
cn los +nim+lcs +lbinos
l+ intcnsio+o ocbc v+ri+r con l+ ilumin+cion tot+l oc l+s s+l+s, cl m+tcri+l
oc construccion oc l+s c+j+s y su ubic+cion cn l+s cst+ntcr+s No sc
rccomicno+ tcncr ilumin+cion cxtcrior 'n+tur+l`, pucs l+ intcnsio+o
y nor+rio oc l+ luz + tr+vcs oc l+s vcnt+n+s ocpcnocr oc l+ conoicion
climtic+ l+ ilumin+cion sicmprc ocbc scr +rtinci+l, l+s lmp+r+s
luorcsccntcs uc ticncn un +mplio cspcctro oc s+lio+ (tipo luz o+)
pucocn scr +occu+o+s
lcntro oc los +spcctos uc sc vcn +lcct+oos por l+ intcnsio+o oc l+ luz
poocmos mcncion+r cl ciclo scxu+l, l+ rcproouccion, l+ mort+lio+o, cl prc-
ocsm+mc, l+ vclocio+o oc crccimicnto, l+ +ctivio+o, cl comport+micnto
C+r+ctcrstic+s oc los +nim+lcs oc l+bor+torio
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COlAYO S-90 1--21 20 --7 00-S00 o-S 12-1S o-
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lAlA -o 21 3--0 --7 20--00 2-3 0-100 -2
lAlON 1-2 19-21 10-12 3 2-30 1-2 0-100 -0
ll +nim+l como sujcto cxpcrimcnt+l Aspcctos tccnicos y cticos
1oo
III. DOSIS DL ANLSTLSICOS UTILIZADAS LN
ROLDORLS Y CONLJOS
l+ton l+t+ l+mstcr Gcrbo Cob+yo Concjo
lrcmcoic+cion
Atropin+
00 00 00 00 00 00
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liopcnt+l sooico IV (20-
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our+cion
lcnt+nilo/ctomio+to Il
lcnt+nilo/mctomio+to Il
lcnt+nilo+lu+nison+
(ml/kg) +\oi+zcp+m Il
lct+min+/oi+zcp+m Il
lct+min+/xil+cin+ Il
lct+min+/mcoctomioin+ Il
lilct+min++zol+zcp+m
(zolctil*) Il
lcntob+rbit+l Il
00S/1S
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Ancstcsi+ oc l+rg+ our+cion
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l+lot+no
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Inouccion 1-20`
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Inouccion -- `
\+ntcnimicnto 1-2`
Inouccion -`
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* Inmoviliz+cion sol+mcntc
Ancxos
1o7
IV. DATOS DL CRIA Y RLPRODUCCION
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lAlON o s -- 10-20 n 20 19-21 o-12 7-S m
ll +nim+l como sujcto cxpcrimcnt+l Aspcctos tccnicos y cticos
1oS
V. PARAMLTROS IISIOLOGICOS Y
NUTRICIONALLS
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3-7 1-3 3-o
Ancxos
1o9
Rccomcndacioncs para cuianasia
\ctooo Anim+lcs p+r+ los uc cs +propi+oo
A (Anim+lcs oistintos oc lctos, l+rv+s y lorm+s cmbrion+ri+s)
1 Sobrcoosis oc +ncstcsico +propi+oo p+r+ l+ cspccic
i lor inycccion i looos los +nim+lcs
ii lor inn+l+cion ii looos los +nim+lcs n+st+1 k oc pcso
cxccpto rcptilcs, +vcs y m+mlcros
bucc+oorcs
iii lor inmcrsion (scguio+ por l+
ocstruccion ocl ccrcbro cn vcrtcbr+oos
oc s+ngrc lr+ y por ocs+ngr+oo o por
oisloc+micnto ocl cucllo cn vcrtcbr+oos oc
s+ngrc c+licntc, cxccpto si sc comprobo cl
'rigor mortis`)
iii lcccs
Annbios n+st+ 20 g
2 lisloc+micnto ccrvic+l (scguioo oc
ocstruccion ocl ccrcbro cn pcccs)
locoorcs n+st+ 00 g pcso corpor+l
cxccpto cob+yos Cob+yos y concjos
n+st+ oc 1 k pcso corpor+l Avcs n+st+
3 k lcccs n+st+ 20 g
3 Conmocion por golpc cn l+ p+rtc
postcrior oc l+ c+bcz+ scguioo por
ocs+ngr+oo o oisloc+cion ocl cucllo cn
rocoorcs y +vcs y ocstruccion ocl ccrcbro
cn pcccs
locoorcs n+st+ 1 k
Avcs n+st+ 20 g
lcccs
- lcc+pit+cion scguio+ por ocstruccion ocl
ccrcbro
Vcrtcbr+oos oc s+ngrc lr+
lxposicion + CO
2
cn conccntr+cion
crccicntc us+noo tccnic+ convcnicntc
scguio+ por ocs+ngr+oo o oisloc+cion ocl
cucllo, cxccpto si y+ sc connrmo cl 'rigor
mortis`
locoorcs m+yorcs oc 10 o+s oc co+o
n+st+ 1, k pcso corpor+l Avcs m+yorcs
oc 1 scm+n+ oc co+o n+st+ 3 k oc pcso
corpor+l
l (lorm+s lct+lcs, l+rv+lcs y cmbrion+ri+s)
1 Sobrcoosis oc +ncstcsico convcnicntc p+r+ l+ cspccic
i lor inycccion i looos los +nim+lcs
ii lor inmcrsion ii lcccs y +nnbios
2 lcc+pit+cion \+mlcros
171
VI. lIlLIOGRAIIA
Alicrnaiivas
AllA Altcrn+tivcs to l+bor+tory Anim+ls !ura j.r |oc Pcpia.cmcr| .j
Ar:mais :r \ca:.ai Lxpcr:mcr|s (llA\l) 199, 23(1)
AllA Altcrn+tivcs to l+bor+tory Anim+ls !ura j.r |oc Pcpia.cmcr| .j
Ar:mais :r \ca:.ai Lxpcr:mcr|s (llA\l) 200-, 32(1)
AllA Altcrn+tivcs to l+bor+tory Anim+ls !ura j.r |oc Pcpia.cmcr| .j
Ar:mais :r \ca:.ai Lxpcr:mcr|s (llA\l) 200-, 32 Suplcmcnto 1A
C+roozo oc \+rtncz CA, \r+o oc Osorio A Altcrn+tiv+s cn l+
cxpcrimcnt+cion con +nim+lcs A`!LA8 1999, (3)
Conscjo C+n+oicnsc oc lrotcccion oc los Anim+lcs \aruai S.orc ci
Cu:aaa. y s. ac i.s Ar:maics ac cxpcr:mcr|a.:.r 199S
luropc+n Ccntrc lor tnc V+lio+tion ol Altcrn+tivc \ctnoos (lCVA\)
lnc Lsc ol lr+nsgcnic Anim+ls in tnc luropc+n Lnion lnc lcport +no
lccommcno+tions ol lCVA\ \orksnop 2S A!LA 199S, 2o 21--3
!rs|:|u|c j.r Ar:mai Lao.ra|.ry Ar:mai Pcscar.o Sitio cn Intcrnct]
lisponiblc cn nttp//oclsn+scou/il+r Ltimo +cccso cn novicmbrc oc
200
!r|crra|:.rai C.ur.:i j.r Lao.ra|.ry Ar:mai S.:cr.c Sitio cn Intcrnct]
lisponiblc cn nttp//wwwicl+sorg Lltimo +cccso cn novicmbrc oc
200
\r+o A, loscnkr+nz A Gu:a para ci us. ac ar:maics ac iao.ra|.r:.
Lnivcrsio+o N+cion+l oc Colombi+, l+cult+o oc Cicnci+s, lcp+rt+mcnto
oc l+rm+ci+, 1990 --12
ll +nim+l como sujcto cxpcrimcnt+l Aspcctos tccnicos y cticos
172
Nulnclo Council on lioctnics !oc L|o:.s .j Pcscar.o :rv.iv:rg Ar:mais !oc
rcp.r| was iaur.oca .r \ay 2005 Sitio cn Intcrnct] lisponiblc cn nttp//
wwwnulnclobioctnicsorg Lltimo +cccso cn novicmbrc oc 200
Olncc ol lolicy, ll+nning +no lv+lu+tion, LS lnvironmcnt+l lrotcction
Agcncy Ai|crra|:vc \c|o.as j.r !.x:.:|y !cs|:rg Pcguia|.ry P.i:.y !ssucs
llA-230/12-S-029 NlIS llS-o-1 13-0-/AS \+snington, lC 20-o0
Olncc ol lccnnology Ai|crra|:vcs |. Ar:mai sc :r Pcscar.o, !cs|:rg,
ara Lau.a|:.r Asscssmcr| (OlA-lA-273) LS Gov lrinting Olncc
\+snington, lC 20-02
lr+tt l Ai|crra|:vcs |. Pa:r :r Lxpcr:mcr|s .r Ar:mais Ncw York Argus
Arcnivcs Scligm+n, \ll, 19S0
lusscll \\S, lurcn ll !oc Pr:r.:pics .j dumarc Lxpcr:mcr|ai !c.or:qucs
lonoon \ctnucn e Co, 199
Stcpncns \l Ai|crra|:vcs |. Currcr| scs .j Ar:mais :r Pcscar.o, Sajc|y
!cs|:rg, ara Lau.a|:.r \+snington lC lum+nc Socicty ol tnc Lnitco
St+tcs, 19So
zurlo ], luo+cilc l, Golobcrg A\ Ar:mais ara Ai|crra|:vcs :r !cs|:rg
d:s|.ry, S.:cr.c, ara L|o:.s Ncw York \+ry Ann licbcrt lublisncrs,
199-
Ancsicsia y dolor
lryony Closc (lrcsiocnci+), lr lcitn l+nistcr, lr Vcr+ l+um+ns, lr
lv+-\+ri+ lcrnotn, lr Ni+ll lrom+gc, lr ]onn luny+n, lrolcsor lr
\olll lrn+rot, lrolcsor l+ul llcckncll, lr Ncvillc Grcgory, lrolcsor lr
l+nsjo+cnim l+ckb+rtn, lrolcsor l+vio \orton y \r Clilloro \+rwick
Pc..mcraa.:.rcs para ia Lu|aras:a ac i.s Ar:maics ac Lxpcr:mcr|a.:.r
l+rtc 1 y 2 wwwl+bor+tory Anim+lsl+lorguk wwwscc+lcs
Caraa:ar C.ur.:i .r Ar:mai Carc (CCAC) 2000 Sitio cn Intcrnct]
lisponiblc cn nttp //wwwcc+cc+/ Lltimo +cccso cn octubrc oc 200
lilliogralia
173
CIO\S Intcrn+tion+l guioing principlcs lor biomcoic+l rcsc+rcn
involving +nim+ls In Smitn ]A, loyo l\, (cos) L:vcs :r 8aiar.c Ncw
York Oxloro Lnivcrsity lrcss, 19S 29
Cr+mlct Sl, ]oncs ll Arcs|ocs:.i.gy Scic.|ca !.p:.s :r Lao.ra|.ry Ar:mai
\ca:.:rc Vol lcx LS Air lorcc Scnool ol Acrosp+cc \coicinc,
lrooks Air lorcc l+sc, 197o 110 pp (Av+il+blc +s Acccssion N AlA
031-o3 lrom N+tion+l lccnnic+l Inlorm+tion Scrvicc, LS lcp+rtmcnt
ol Commcrcc, Springnclo, VA 221o1)
llcckncll lA Lao.ra|.ry Ar:mai Arcs|ocs:a Ar !r|r.au.|:.r j.r Pcscar.o
\.r|crs ara !c.or:.:ars S+n licgo Ac+ocmic lrcss, 19S7
llcckncll lA lnc lclicl ol l+in in l+bor+tory Anim+ls Lao.ra|.ry Ar:mai
19S-, 1S 1-7-1o0
Gluckstcin ll Pa:r, Arcs|ocs:a, ara Araigcs:a :r C.mm.r Lao.ra|.ry
Ar:mais 8:oi:.grapoy, ]+nu+ry 19S0-lcccmbcr 19So lctncso+, \o
N+tion+l libr+ry ol \coicinc (lublic+tion =So-17), 19So
Gluckstcin ll Pa:r, Arcs|ocs:a, ara Araigcs:a :r C.mm.r Lao.ra|.ry
Ar:mais 8:oi:.grapoy, ]+nu+ry 19S7 - \+y 19SS lctncso+, \o N+tion+l
libr+ry ol \coicinc (lublic+tion =SS-o), 19SS
litcncll ll, lrickson ll, C+rstcns l, l+vis ll Ar:mai Pa:r Pcr.cp|:.r
ara Aiicv:a|:.r lctncso+, \l Amcric+n lnysiologic+l Socicty, 19S3
lumb \V, ]oncs l\ \c|cr:rary Arcs|ocs:a 2no co lnil+oclpni+ lc+ +no
lcbigcr, 19S- o93 pp
\clclvcy l, lollingsnc+o \ Smaii Ar:mai Arcs|ocs:a \.soys
!uraamcr|ais .j Ar:mai dcai|o !c.or.i.gy St louis C V \osby, 199-
\illcr lV, lcn \, C+ss ]S, (cos) Comp+r+tivc Ancstncsi+ in l+bor+tory
Anim+ls !cacra|:.r Pr..cca:rgs 19o9, 2S 13o9-1So +no Inocx
\orton ll, Grilntns ll\ Guioclincs on tnc rccognition ol p+in,
oistrcss +no oiscomlort in cxpcrimcnt+l +nim+ls +no +n nypotncsis lor
+sscssmcnt \c| Pc. 19S, 11o -31--3o
ll +nim+l como sujcto cxpcrimcnt+l Aspcctos tccnicos y cticos
17-
N+tion+l lcsc+rcn Council (NlC) Pc..gr:|:.r ara Aiicv:a|:.r .j Pa:r
ara D:s|rcss :r Lao.ra|.ry Ar:mais A rcp.r| .j |oc !rs|:|u|c .j Lao.ra|.ry
Ar:mai Pcs.ur.cs C.mm:||cc .r Pa:r ara D:s|rcss :r Lao.ra|.ry Ar:mais
\+snington, lC N+tion+l Ac+ocmy lrcss, 1992
Orl+ns ll Anim+l l+in Sc+lcs +no lublic lolicy A!LA 1990, 1S -1-0
licbolo l\, Goblc lO, Gciscr ll Largc Ar:mai Arcs|ocs:a Pr:r.:pics ara
!c.or:qucs Amcs Iow+ St+tc Lnivcrsity lrcss, 19S2
Snort Cl, lozn+k Av Ar:mai Pa:r Ncw York, loinburgn, lonoon,
\clbournc, lokyo lo Cnurcnill livingstonc, 1992
Smitn AC, Swinolc \\ Pcscar.o Ar:mai Arcs|ocs:a, Araigcs:a, ara
Surgcry Grccnbclt, \l Scicntists Ccntcr lor Anim+l \cll+rc, 199-
Som+ ll !cx|o..| .j \c|cr:rary Arcs|ocs:a l+ltimorc \illi+ms +no
\ilkins, 1971
Stoskopl \l lnc pnysiologic+l cllccts ol psycnologic+l strcss 2.. 8:.i.gy
19S3, 2179-190
\+rrcn lG Smaii Ar:mai Arcs|ocs:a \.soys !uraamcr|ais .j Ar:mai
dcai|o !c.or.i.gy St louis C V \osby, 19S2
licncsiar animal
lcbcc CN, (co) Lao.ra|.ry Ar:mai \cijarc lcltsvillc, \o LS
lcp+rtmcnt ol Agriculturc, N+tion+l Agricultur+l libr+ry, 19S9
lr+in ll lnc usc ol +nim+ls in +ggrcssion rcsc+rcn Aggrcss:vc 8coav:.r
19S1,7 3S3-3S7
C+rlson \l, Scnnciocr G, logcrs ] Lao.ra|.ry Ar:mai \cijarc 8:oi:.grapoy
lcltsvillc, \ol LS lcp+rtmcnt ol Agriculturc, N+tion+l Agricultur+l
libr+ry, 19SS
looos \], Orl+ns ll, (cos) S.:cr|:. Pcrspc.|:vc .r Ar:mai \cijarc Ncw
York Ac+ocmic lrcss, 19S2
lilliogralia
17
Gluckstcin ll Lao.ra|.ry Ar:mai \cijarc Supplcmcnt S N+tion+l libr+ry
ol \coicinc (Nl\) Currcnt libliogr+pnics in \coicinc Scrics Cl\ N
92-2 \+snington, lC LS lcp+rtmcnt ol lc+ltn +no lum+n Scrviccs
So cit+tions (Av+il+blc lrom Supt ol locs, LS GlO), 1992
Scicntists Ccntcr lor Anim+l \cll+rc Lao.ra|.ry Ar:mai \cijarc
8:oi:.grapoy lctncso+, \o Scicntist Ccntcr lor Anim+l \cll+rc, 19SS
lioscguridad
lcll ]C, l+lmcr Sl, l+ync ]\ !oc 2..r.scs !rjc.|:.rs !rarsm:||ca jr.m
Ar:mais |. \ar lonoon low+ro Amolo, 19SS
llock SS, (co) D:s:rjc.|:.r, S|cr:i:za|:.r, ara Prcscrva|:.r -tn co
lnil+oclpni+ lc+ +no lcbigcr, 1991
Ccntcrs lor lisc+sc Control +no N+tion+l Institutcs ol lc+ltn 8:.sajc|y :r
\:.r.o:.i.g:.ai ara 8:.mca:.ai Lao.ra|.r:cs 3ro co lllS lub N (ClC)
93-S39 \+snington lC LS lcp+rtmcnt ol lc+ltn +no lum+n
Scrviccs, 1993
lubbcrt \l, \cCullocn \l, Scnnurrcnbcrgcr ll, (cos) D:scascs
!rarsm:||ca !r.m Ar:mais |. \ar otn co Springnclo, Ill Cn+rlcs C
lnom+s, 197-
N+tion+l C+nccr Institutc 8:.i.g:.ai Sajc|y \aruai j.r Pcscar.o !rv.iv:rg
Cr..gcr:. \:ruscs lll\ lub N 7o-11o \+snington, lC LS
lcp+rtmcnt ol lc+ltn, louc+tion, +no \cll+rc, 197o
N+tion+l C+nccr Institutc Dcs:gr Cr:|cr:a j.r \:rai Cr..i.gy Pcscar.o
!a.:i:|:cs lll\ lub N (NIl) 7o-S91 \+snington, lC LS
lcp+rtmcnt ol lc+ltn, louc+tion, +no \cll+rc, 197
N+tion+l C+nccr Institutc `a|:.rai Car.cr !rs|:|u|c Sajc|y S|araaras j.r
Pcscar.o Involving Oncogcnic Viruscs lll\ lub N (NIl) 7S-790
\+snington, lC LS lcp+rtmcnt ol lc+ltn, louc+tion, +no \cll+rc,
197-
ll +nim+l como sujcto cxpcrimcnt+l Aspcctos tccnicos y cticos
17o
N+tion+l Institutcs ol lc+ltn `!d Gu:aci:rcs j.r |oc Lao.ra|.ry sc .j
Cocm:.ai Car.:r.gcrs NIl lub N S1-23S \+snington, lC LS
lcp+rtmcnt ol lc+ltn +no lum+n Scrviccs, 19S1
N+tion+l lcsc+rcn Council 8:.sajc|y :r |oc Lao.ra|.ry Pruacr| Pra.|:.cs
j.r darai:rg ara D:sp.sai .j !rjc.|:.us \a|cr:ais C.mm:||cc .r dazara.us
8:.i.g:.ai Suos|ar.cs :r |oc Lao.ra|.ry \+snington, lC N+tion+l
Ac+ocmy lrcss, 19S9
N+tion+l lcsc+rcn Council Pruacr| Pra.|:.cs :r |oc Lao.ra|.ry darai:rg
ara D:sp.sai .j Cocm:.ais A rcp.r| .j |oc C.mm:||cc .r |oc S|uay .j Pruacr|
Pra.|:.cs j.r darai:rg, S|.ragc, ara D:sp.sai .j Cocm:.ais :r Lao.ra|.r:cs
\+snington, lC N+tion+l Ac+ocmy lrcss, 199
l+ync ll, (co) !raus|r:ai 8:..:acs Ncw York \ilcy, 19SS
Simmons \l, (co) 8:.oazaras ara 2..r.|:. Pr.oicms .j Pr:ma|c Pr..urcmcr|,
uarar|:rc ara Pcscar.o C+nccr lcsc+rcn S+lcty \onogr+pn Scrics, Vol
2 lll\ lub N (NIl) 7o-S90 \+snington, lC LS lcp+rtmcnt ol
lc+ltn, louc+tion, +no \cll+rc, 197
Scnnurrcnbcrgcr ll, lubcrt \l Ar Cu|i:rc .j |oc 2..r.scs Amcs Iow+
St+tc Lnivcrsity lrcss, 19S1
Sont+g ]\, l+gc Nl, S+lnotti L Gu:aci:rcs j.r Car.:r.gcr 8:.assay :r
Smaii P.acr|s lll\ lub N (NIl) 7o-S01 \+snington, lC LS
lcp+rtmcnt ol lc+ltn, louc+tion, +no \cll+rc, 197o
LS lublic lc+ltn Scrvicc Ao loc Committcc on tnc S+lc Snipmcnt
+no l+noling ol ltiologic Agcnts Ciass:.a|:.r .j L|:.i.g:. Agcr|s .r |oc
8as:s .j dazara -tn co \+snington, lC LS lcp+rtmcnt ol lc+ltn,
louc+tion, +no \cll+rc, 197-
\cinbcrg AN, \cbcr l] Anim+l-Associ+tco lum+n Inlcctions !rjc.|:.us
D:scasc Ci:r:.s .j `.r|o Amcr:.a 1991, 1-1S1
lilliogralia
177
Cirugia
Arcnib+lo ], (co) Car:rc Surgcry A !cx| ara Pcjcrcr.c \.r| 2no co
\nc+ton, Ill Amcric+n Vctcrin+ry lublic+tions, 197-
lougncrty l\ Lxpcr:mcr|ai Surgcry :r !arm Ar:mais Amcs Iow+ St+tc
Lnivcrsity lrcss, 19S1
lnockco Cl, Allcn Al, \illi+ms l], ]onnson ]l !uraamcr|ai !c.or:qucs
:r \c|cr:rary Surgcry 3ro co lnil+oclpni+ \ l S+unocrs, 19S7
l+bor+tory Anim+l Scicncc Associ+tion Surgic+l lroccourcs ln
Gu:aci:rcs .r |oc Carc .j Lao.ra|.ry Ar:mais ara !oc:r sc j.r S.:cr|:.
Purp.scs III lonoon Lnivcrsitics lcocr+tion lor Anim+l \cll+rc, 1990
l+ng \, (co) Ar:mai Poys:.i.g:. Surgcry 2no co Ncw York Springcr-
Vcrl+g, 19S2 1S0 pp
\+rkowitz ], Arcnib+lo ], lownic lG Lxpcr:mcr|ai Surgcry !r.iua:rg
Surg:.ai Poys:.i.gy tn co l+ltimorc \illi+ms +no \ilkins, 19o-
Ocnmc l\, lricr ]l !cx|o..| .j Largc Ar:mai Surgcry 2no co l+ltimorc
\illi+ms +no \ilkins, 19S7
Sl+ttcr l !cx|o..| .j Smaii Ar:mai Surgcry 2no co lnil+oclpni+ \ l
S+unocrs 2 Volumcs, 1993 2-9o pp
Swinolc \\ 8as:. surg:.ai cxcr.:scs us:rg sw:rc Ncw York lr+cgcr,
19S3
\+ynlortn ll, llcckncll lA Lxpcr:mcr|ai ara Surg:.ai !c.or:quc :r |oc
Pa| Ncw York Ac+ocmic lrcss, 1992
\ingnclo \l, l+wlings CA, (cos) Smaii Ar:mai Surgcry Ar A|ias .j
Cpcra|:vc !c.or:qucs lnil+oclpni+ \ l S+unocrs, 1979
ll +nim+l como sujcto cxpcrimcnt+l Aspcctos tccnicos y cticos
17S
Cuidado y mancjo dc los animalcs dc laloraiorio
Ac+ocmi+ N+cion+l oc \coicin+ Gu:a Para ci .u:aaa. y ci s. ac Ar:maics
ac Lao.ra|.r:. IlAl (Institutc ol l+bor+tory Anim+l lcsourcc) N+tion+l
lcsc+rcn Council loicion \cxic+n+ \+snington, lC N+tion+l
Ac+ocmy lrcss, 199o
Allcn l, Clingcrm+n l Ar:mai Carc ara sc C.mm:||ccs 8:oi:.grapoy
lcltsvillc, \o LS lcp+rtmcnt ol Agriculturc, N+tion+l Agricultur+l
libr+ry (lublic+tion =Sll92-1o), 1992
Anocrson lS, loncy All (cos) Pra.|:.ai Ar:mai darai:rg llmsloro,
NY lcrg+mon, 1991
Amcric+n Socicty ol lc+ting, lclrigcr+tion, +no Air Conoitioning
lnginccrs, Inc (ASllAl) ASdPAL darao..| I-l coition Atl+nt+
ASllAl, 1992
lcnnctt ll, lrown \], Scnonclo ]C Lsscr|:ais j.r Ar:mai Pcscar.o A
Pr:mcr j.r Pcscar.o Pcrs.rrci lcltsvillc, \l N+tion+l Agricultur+l
libr+ry, 199- 12o
lcrry l] Pcjcrcr.c \a|cr:ais j.r \cmocrs .j Ar:mai Carc ara sc
C.mm:||ccs lcltsvillc, \o LS lcp+rtmcnt ol Agriculturc, N+tion+l
Agricultur+l libr+ry (A\IC scrics =10) 1991 -2 pp
lr+in+ro GC S.:cr.c ara Ar:mais Aaarcss:rg C.r|cmp.rary !ssucs
Grccnbclt, \o Scicntists Ccntcr lor Anim+l \cll+rc, 19S9
lr+in+ro GC, V+ugn+n \l, lcitcr l] lllcct ol lignt irr+oi+ncc +no
w+vclcngtn on tnc Syri+n n+mstcr rcproouctivc systcm Lra..r:r.i.gy
19So, 119(2) o-S-o-
Cncrry ]A lnc cllcct ol pnotopcrioo on ocvclopmcnt ol scxu+l bcn+vior
+no lcrtility in golocn n+mstcrs Poys:.i.gy c 8coav:.r 39--, 21-2o
C+n+oi+n Council on Anim+l C+rc C+tcgorics ol Inv+sivcncss in Anim+l
lxpcrimcnts Gu:ac |. |oc Carc ara sc .j Lxpcr:mcr|ai Ar:mais 1993, 1
(2no co) Appcnoix SV-l
lilliogralia
179
C+roozo oc \+rtncz CA, \r+o oc Osorio A C+lio+o S+nit+ri+ oc los
+nim+lcs oc cxpcrimcnt+cion A`!LA8 1999, (2)
C+roozo oc \+rtncz CA, \r+o oc Osorio A Aplic+cion oc l+s trcs ls oc
lusscll A`!LA8 2000, (-)
C+ss ]S, (co) Lao.ra|.ry Ar:mais Ar Arr.|a|ca 8:oi:.grapoy .j !rj.rma|:.rai
Pcs.ur.cs C.vcr:rg \ca:.:rc-S.:cr.c !r.iua:rg dusoarary-!c.or.i.gy Ncw
York l+lncr lublisning, 1971
Conscjo C+n+oicnsc oc lrotcccion oc los Anim+lcs \aruai s.orc .u:aaa.
y us. ac i.s ar:maics ac cxpcr:mcr|a.:.r Vol 1, 199S
Conscjo oc l+s Comunio+ocs luropc+s L:rcas a:rc.|r:.cs rcia|:vas ai
ai.,am:cr|. y a i.s .u:aaa.s ac i.s ar:maics l+rcclon+ (lsp+n+), 1993
livision ol lcsc+rcn lcsourccs (lll), N+tion+l Institutcs ol lc+ltn
(NIl) C.s| Araiys:s ara Pa|c Sc||:rg \aruai j.r Ar:mai Pcs.ur.c !a.:i:|:cs
Anim+l lcsourccs lrogr+m (All), NIl lub N S0-200o \+snington,
lC LS lcp+rtmcnt ol lc+ltn, louc+tion +no \cll+rc (Av+il+blc lrom
All, lll, NIl, luiloing 31, loom l9, lctncso+, \l 2020), 1979
rcvisco
llctcncr ]l Inlucncc ol noisc on +nim+ls In \cSnccny l, (co)
C.r|r.i .j |oc ar:mai o.usc crv:r.rmcr| l+bor+tory +nim+l n+nobook 7
luntingoon, Ll l+bor+tory Anim+ls lto, 197o
lox ]G, Concn l], locw l\, (cos) Lao.ra|.ry Ar:mai \ca:.:rc Ncw
York Ac+ocmic lrcss, 19S-
G+y \I, (co) \c|o.as .j Ar:mai Lxpcr:mcr|a|:.r Vol 1, 19o, 3S2 pp,
Vol 2, 19o, o0S pp, Vol 3, 19oS, -o9 pp, Vol -, 1973, 3S- pp, Vol
, 197-, -00 pp, Vol o, 19S1, 3o pp Vol 7, l+rt A, 19So, 2o pp,
Vol 7, l+rt l, 19So, 2o9 pp, Vol 7, l+rt C, 19S9, 237 pp Ncw York
Ac+ocmic lrcss
Goroon C] !cmpcra|urc Pcguia|:.r :r Lao.ra|.ry Ar:mais Ncw York
C+mbriogc Lnivcrsity lrcss Guiocbook, 1993
ll +nim+l como sujcto cxpcrimcnt+l Aspcctos tccnicos y cticos
1S0
l+lcz lSl, (co) Pcpr.au.|:.r ara 8rcca:rg !c.or:qucs j.r Lao.ra|.ry
Ar:mais lnil+oclpni+ lc+ +no lcbigcr, 1970
Instituto oc liotccnolog+ lccmpl+cc, lcouzc+ y lcnnc A`!LA8 2001, ()
l+bor+tory Anim+l \coic+l Subjcct lc+oings, A lcport N+tion+l
lcsc+rcn Council (NlC) A rcp.r| .j |oc !LAP !rs|:|u|c .j Lao.ra|.ry
Ar:mai Pcs.ur.cs C.mm:||cc .r Lao.ra|.ry Ar:mai L:|cra|urc \+snington,
lC N+tion+l Ac+ocmy ol Scicnccs, 1972 212 pp
l+nc-lcttcr \, (co) Ar:mais j.r Pcscar.o Pr:r.:pics .j 8rcca:rg ara
\aragcmcr| Ncw York Ac+ocmic lrcss, 19o3
\r+o oc Osorio A, loscnkr+nz A Gu:a para ci us. ac Ar:maics ac
Lao.ra|.r:. 1cr+ p+rtc lcp+rt+mcnto oc l+rm+ci+, l+cult+o oc Cicnci+s,
Lnivcrsio+o N+cion+l oc Colombi+, 1990
N+tion+l Institutcs ol lc+ltn/Olncc lor tnc lrotcction lrom lcsc+rcn lisks
(NIl/Olll) Ar:mai Carc ara sc P.i:.y !ssucs :r |oc 1990s lrocccoings
ol NIl/Olll Conlcrcncc, lctncso+, \l, 19S9
Onno Y ICl Guioclincs-Implcmcnt+tion ol tnc 3ls (lcnncmcnt,
lcouction, +no lcpl+ccmcnt) Incorpor+ting lcst Scicntinc lr+cticcs into
tnc lcgul+tory lroccss !LAP j.urrai 2002, -3, supplcmcnt
Ollcrt ll, Cross l\, \c\illi+m AA, (cos) Gu:ac |. |oc Carc ara sc
.j Lxpcr:mcr|ai Ar:mais Volumc 1, 2no co Ont+rio, C+n+o+ C+n+oi+n
Council on Anim+l C+rc, 1993
Ollcrt l, lrncst l\V, lrcno+ \, Cross l\V, \c\illi+m A \aruai
s.orc ci .u:aaa. y us. ac ar:maics ac cxpcr:mcr|a.:.r Volumcn 1 C+n+o
Conscjo C+n+oicnsc oc lrotcccion oc los Anim+lcs, 199S
Orl+ns ll, Simmonos lC, looos \], (cos) lllcctivc Anim+l C+rc +no
Lsc Committccs In Lao.ra|.ry Ar:mai S.:cr.c 19S7, Spcci+l Issuc
lckrul l Noisc control In luys l, (co) darao..| .j !a.:i:|:cs Piarr:rg
Vol 2 l+bor+tory Anim+l l+cilitics Ncw York V+n Nostr+no lcinnolo,
1991 1oo-173
lilliogralia
1S1
lusscll \\S, lurcn ll !oc pr:r.:pics .j oumarc cxpcr:mcr|ai |c.or:quc
lonoon \ctnucn, 199
S+iz \orcno l Ar:maics ac iao.ra|.r:. .r:a, marc,. y ..r|r.i sar:|ar:.
\+orio loitori+l INIA, 19S3
Stcrling S Incorpor+ting in 3ls into lcgul+tory Scicntinc lr+cticcs !LAP
j.urrai 2002, -3, supplcmcnt
Svcnoson l, l+u ] darao..| .j Lao.ra|.ry Ar:mai S.:cr.c 2 Vol loc+
l+ton, ll+ ClC lrcss, 199-
lullcy AA, (co) Lao.ra|.ry Ar:mais Ar !r|r.au.|:.r j.r `cw Lxpcr:mcr|crs
Cnicncstcr \ilcy-Intcrscicncc, 19S7
Lnivcrsitics lcocr+tion lor Anim+l \cll+rc (LlA\) !oc !A\ darao..|
.r |oc Carc ara \aragcmcr| .j Lao.ra|.ry Ar:mais otn co Ncw York
Cnurcnill livingstonc, 19S7
\cisscr l, lccnlcr L Ar:mai \cijarc Aspc.|s :r |oc uai:|y C.r|r.i .j
!mmur.o:.i.g:.ais A .r:|:.ai cvaiua|:.r .j ar:mai |cs|s ln+rm+copoci+l
monogr+pns Nottingn+m llA\l, lCVA\ +no tnc l+ul lnrlicn
Institutc, 1997
\illi+ms CSl Pra.|:.ai Gu:ac |. Lao.ra|.ry Ar:mais St louis C V \osby,
197o
Discno cxpcrimcnial y iamano dc la mucsira
lngcm+n l\, Snum+kc SA Anim+l wcll+rc +no tnc st+tistic+l consult+nt
Amcr:.ar S|a|:s|:.:ar 1993, -7(3) 229-233
liolcr I] lcprcssion ol m+cropn+gcs in micc orinking nypcrcnlorin+tco
w+tcr `a|urc 1977, 270 73-73o
l+ll ]l, \nitc \], l+ng C\ Acioinc+tion ol orinking-w+tcr Its cllccts
on sclcctco biologic pncnomcn+ in m+lc micc Lao.ra|.ry Ar:mai S.:cr.c
19S0, 30 o-3-o1
ll +nim+l como sujcto cxpcrimcnt+l Aspcctos tccnicos y cticos
1S2
lcrm+nn l\, \nitc \], l+ng C\ lrolongco cxposurc to +cio, cnlorinc,
or tctr+cyclinc in orinking w+tcr lllccts on ocl+yco-typc nypcrscnsitivity,
ncm+gglutin+tion titcrs, +no rcticulocnootncli+l clc+r+ncc r+tcs in micc
Lao.ra|.ry Ar:mai S.:cr.c 19S2, 32 o03-o0S
G+rt ]], lrcwski l, lcc lN, ct +l !oc Dcs:gr ara Araiys:s .j L.rg-!crm
Ar:mai Lxpcr:mcr|s lyon Intcrn+tion+l Agcncy lor lcsc+rcn on C+nccr,
19So
\+nn \l, Crousc lA, lrcnticc ll Appropri+tc +nim+l numbcrs in
biomcoic+l rcsc+rcn in lignt ol +nim+l wcll+rc consiocr+tions Lao.ra|.ry
Ar:mai S.:cr.c 1991, -1 o-1-
lrinoo+ l], l+mwcll G\, \igoosky lS P.wcr ara Sampic S:zc Pcv:cw
lrocccoings ol tnc 1992 lrim+ry C+rc lcsc+rcn \ctnoos +no St+tistics
Conlcrcncc
\+rnclo, l lnc stuoy olnc+ring in +nim+ls In G+y \, (co) \c|o.as .j
Ar:mai Lxpcr:mcr|a|:.r IV lonoon Ac+ocmic lrcss, 1973 -3-1-3
Discno y consiruccion dc insialacioncs para animalcs
Amcric+n Institutc ol Arcnitccts Committcc on Arcnitccturc lor lc+ltn
Gu:aci:rcs j.r C.rs|ru.|:.r ara Lqu:pmcr| .j d.sp:|ais ara \ca:.ai !a.:i:|:cs
2no co \+snington lC Amcric+n Institutc ol Arcnitccts lrcss, 19S7
Anim+l \cll+rc Institutc C.mj.r|aoic uar|crs j.r Lao.ra|.ry Ar:mais rcv
co \+snington, lC Anim+l \cll+rc Institutc, 1979
C+n+oi+n Council on Anim+l C+rc (CCAC) procccoings Appr.a.ocs |.
|oc Dcs:gr ara Dcvci.pmcr| .j C.s|-Ljjc.|:vc Lao.ra|.ry Ar:mai !a.:i:|:cs
Ott+w+, Ont+rio, C+n+o+ CCAC, 1993
Clougn G, G+mblc \l Lao.ra|.ry Ar:mai d.uscs A Gu:ac |. |oc Dcs:gr
ara Piarr:rg .j Ar:mai !a.:i:|:cs lAC \+nu+l Scrics N - C+rsn+lton,
Surrcy, Ll l+bor+tory Anim+ls Ccntrc, \coic+l lcsc+rcn Council, 197o
lilcr+roinis l], l+um ]S, lirst \\, ct +l Gu:aci:rcs j.r Lao.ra|.ry Dcs:gr
dcai|o ara Sajc|y C.rs:acra|:.rs Ncw York ]onn \ilcy e Sons, 1993
lilliogralia
1S3
lox lG, (co) Dcs:gr .j 8:.mca:.ai Pcscar.o !a.:i:|:cs C+nccr lcsc+rcn
S+lcty \onogr+pn Scrics, Vol - NIl lub N S1-230 \+snington,
lC LS lcp+rtmcnt ol lc+ltn +no lum+n Scrviccs, 19S1
Institutc ol l+bor+tory Anim+l lcsourccs (IlAl) Committcc on l+bor+tory
Anim+l lousing Lao.ra|.ry Ar:mai d.us:rg NlC (N+tion+l lcsc+rcn
Council) \+snington, lC N+tion+l Ac+ocmy ol Scicnccs, 197S
lombcrgcr ll, l+t+ki z, lnom+nn ll Control ol lscuoomon+s
+cruginos+ inlcction in micc by cnlorinc trc+tmcnt ol orinking w+tcr
Lao.ra|.ry Ar:mai S.:cr.c 1993, -3(o) o3-o37
Gibson SV, lcscn-\illiloro C, l+isbcck \l, ct +l Org+nopnospn+tc
toxicity in r+ts +ssoci+tco witn cont+min+tco bcooing Lao.ra|.ry Ar:mai
S.:cr.c 19S7, 37(o)7S9-791
\cSnccly l, (co) C.r|r.i .j |oc Ar:mai d.usc Lrv:r.rmcr| lonoon
l+bor+tory Anim+ls lto, 197o
\cnocz, G, lomcro S Coara.|cr:za|:.r .j d.us:rg ara Pr.au.|:.r
Lao.ra|.ry Ar:mai !a.:i:|y .j Co:ic C.mpar:s.r oc|wccr \c|r.p.i:|ar
Pcg:.r ara Pr.v:r.cs S+nti+go oc Cnilc l+cult+o oc Cicnci+s liologic+s,
lontinci+ Lnivcrsio+o C+tolic+ oc Cnilc, 200-
lckrul l l+nobook ol l+cilitics ll+nning In luys l, (co) Lao.ra|.ry
Ar:mai !a.:i:|:cs Vol 2 Ncw York V+n Nostr+no lcinnolo, 1991
lcynolos Sl, lugncs l lcsign +no Optimiz+tion ol Airlow l+ttcrns
Lao.ra|.ry Ar:mai 199-, 23(9) -o--9
loscnkr+nz A, \r+o A D:agr.s|:.. ac ia !rjracs|ru.|ura para ia !rvcs|:ga-
.:.r 8:.i.g:.a y 8:.mca:.a quc \arc,a Ar:maics ac Lxpcr:mcr|a.:.r cr Amc-
r:.a La|:ra lucnos Aircs Org+niz+cion l+n+mcric+n+ oc l+ S+luo, 19So
luys l, (co) l+bor+tory Anim+l l+cilitics In darao..| .j !a.:i:|:cs
Piarr:rg Vol 2 Ncw York V+n Nostr+no lcinnolo, 1991
\cicnbroo ll, l+ll ]l, Simmonos lC, Cis+r Cl Sclccting bcooing
m+tcri+l Lao Ar:m 19So, 1(o) 2-29
ll +nim+l como sujcto cxpcrimcnt+l Aspcctos tccnicos y cticos
1S-
Lducacion prolcsional y iccnica
Amcric+n Associ+tion lor l+bor+tory Anim+l Scicncc (AAlAS) Syiiaous
j.r |oc Lao.ra|.ry Ar:mai !c.or.i.g:s| AAlAS lub N 72-2 ]olict, Ill
Amcric+n Associ+tion lor l+bor+tory Anim+l Scicncc, 1972
Amcric+n Associ+tion lor l+bor+tory Anim+l Scicncc (AAlAS) !ra:r:rg
\aruai Scr:cs, Vol I, Ass:s|ar| Lao.ra|.ry Ar:mai !c.or:.:ars AAlAS lub
N S9-1 ]olict, Ill Amcric+n Associ+tion lor l+bor+tory Anim+l Scicncc,
19S9
Amcric+n Associ+tion lor l+bor+tory Anim+l Scicncc (AAlAS) Lcss.r
Piars !rs|ru.|:.rai Gu:ac j.r !c.or:.:ar !ra:r:rg lub N 90-1 ]olict, Ill
Amcric+n Associ+tion lor l+bor+tory Anim+l Scicncc, 1990
Amcric+n Associ+tion lor l+bor+tory Anim+l Scicncc (AAlAS)
!ra:r:rg \aruai Scr:cs, Vol II, Lao.ra|.ry Ar:mai !c.or:.:ars AAlAS
lub N 90-2 ]olict, Ill Amcric+n Associ+tion lor l+bor+tory Anim+l
Scicncc, 1990
Amcric+n Associ+tion lor l+bor+tory Anim+l Scicncc (AAlAS)
!ra:r:rg \aruai Scr:cs, Vol III, Lao.ra|.ry Ar:mai !c.or.i.g:s| AAlAS
lub N 91-3 ]olict, Ill Amcric+n Associ+tion lor l+bor+tory Anim+l
Scicncc, 1991
Armco lorccs Institutc ol l+tnology Lau.a|:.rai Cpp.r|ur:|:cs :r
C.mpara|:vc Pa|o.i.gy-r:|ca S|a|cs ara !.rc:gr C.ur|r:cs Pcg:s|ry .j
C.mpara|:vc Pa|o.i.gy \+snington, lC Lnivcrsitics Associ+tco lor
lcsc+rcn +no louc+tion in l+tnology, 1992
lricnscn S, v+n ocr Gulocn \]I, l+nnincn O, ct +l !oc Lau.a|:.r ara
!ra:r:rg .j Lao.ra|.ry Ar:mai !c.or:.:ars lrcp+rco lor tnc Intcrn+tion+l
Committcc on l+bor+tory Anim+ls Gcncv+ \orlo lc+ltn Org+niz+tion,
197o
IlAl (Institutc ol l+bor+tory Anim+l lcsourccs) Committcc On
louc+tion 1979 l+bor+tory Anim+l \coicinc Guioclincs lor louc+tion
+no lr+ining IlAl Ncws 22(2)\1-\2o
lilliogralia
1S
\cCumin l\ Ci:r:.ai !cx|o..| j.r \c|cr:rary !c.or:.:ars 3ro co
lnil+oclpni+ \ l S+unocrs 1993
N+tion+l lcsc+rcn Council A rcp.r| .j |oc !rs|:|u|c .j Lao.ra|.ry Ar:mai
Pcs.ur.cs C.mm:||cc .r Lau.a|:.rai Pr.grams :r Lao.ra|.ry Ar:mai S.:cr.c
louc+tion +no lr+ining in tnc C+rc +no Lsc ol l+bor+tory Anim+ls A
Guioc lor lcvcloping Institution+l lrogr+ms \+snington, lC N+tion+l
Ac+ocmy lrcss, 1991
V+n loosicr Gl(]r), (Cooroin+tor) Lao.ra|.ry Ar:mai \ca:.:rc ara S.:cr.c
Aua:.|u|.r:ai Scr:cs Lnivcrsity ol \+snington, Sc+ttlc lc+ltn Scicnccs
lc+rning lcsourccs Ccntcr 1979
Liica
Alv+rcz l+z ]A, C+roozo CA ltic+ oc l+ invcstig+cion biomcoic+ uc
us+ y cuio+ +nim+lcs cxpcrimcnt+lcs ln lol+s l, Qucz+o+ A, loorgucz
l, (cos) !rvcs|:ga.:.r cr Saiua D:mcrs:.r L|:.a S+nti+go oc Cnilc CIll,
200o
lc+ucn+mp ll, Cnilorcss ]l Pr:r.:p:.s ac ia c|:.a o:.mca:.a l+rcclon+
\+sson, 1999
C+rrutncrs l, Smitn ll !oc.r:cs .j !oc.r:cs .j \:ra Ncw York C+mbriogc
Lnivcrsity lrcss, 199o
l+o+li \A Ar:mai Lxpcr:mcr|a|:.r A darvcs| .j Soamc los Angclcs
lioocn, 199o
]on+s l Li Pr:r.:p:. ac Pcsp.rsao:i:aaa l+rcclon+ lcrocr, 199
l+c+ocn+ ]l L.s Dcrc.o.s ac i.s Ar:maics \+orio Lnivcrsio+o lontinci+
Comill+s, 2002
Nulnclo Council on lioctnics !oc L|o:.s .j Pcscar.o !rv.iv:rg Ar:mais
lonoon l+timcr lrcno e Comp+ny lto, 200
Orl+ns ll !r |oc `amc .j S.:cr.c !ssucs :r Pcsp.rs:oic Ar:mai
Lxpcr:mcr|a|:.r Ncw York +no Oxloro Oxloro Lnivcrsity lrcss, 1993
ll +nim+l como sujcto cxpcrimcnt+l Aspcctos tccnicos y cticos
1So
lottcr Vl lioctic+ pucntc, bioctic+ glob+l y bioctic+ proluno+ Cuaacrr.s
aci Pr.grama Pcg:.rai ac 8:.c|:.a 199S, (7)
lortcr l ltnic+l Scorcs lor Anim+l lroccourcs `a|urc 1992, 3o 101-
102
lcg+n l +no l Singcr Ar:mai P:go|s ara dumar Coi:ga|:.rs 2no co
lnglcwooo Clills, N] lrcnticc-l+ll, 19S9
lollin ll, lcscl \l, (cos) !oc Lxpcr:mcr|ai Ar:mai :r 8:.mca:.ai Pcscar.o
Volumc I A Survcy ol Scicntinc +no ltnic+l Issucs lor Invcstig+tors loc+
l+ton ClC lrcss, 1990
lollin ll !oc !rar|crs|c:r Syrar.mc L|o:.ai ara S..:ai !ssucs :r |oc Gcrc|:.
Lrg:rccr:rg .j Ar:mais Ncw York C+mbriogc Lnivcrsity lrcss, 199
low+n AN Cj \:.c, \.acis, ara \cr A Cr:|:.ai Lvaiua|:.r .j Ar:mai
Pcscar.o Alb+ny St+tc Lnivcrsity ol Ncw York lrcss, 19S- 323 pp
Singcr l Ar:mai L:ocra|:.r 2no co Ncw York Ncw York lcvicw look,
1990
Singcr l Ar:mai Pcscar.o !! Po:i.s.po:.ai !ssucs Ncw York Simon +no
Scnustcr \+cmill+n, 199
Smitn ]A, loyo l, (cos) lnc Asscssmcnt +no '\cigning` ol Costs In
L:vcs :r |oc 8aiar.c !oc L|o:.s .j s:rg Ar:mais :r 8:.mca:.ai Pcscar.o
lonoon Oxloro Lnivcrsity lrcss, 1991
Luianasia
Amcric+n Vctcrin+ry \coic+l Associ+tion lcport ol tnc AV\A p+ncl on
cutn+n+si+ j.urrai Amcr:.ar \c|cr:rary \ca:.ai Ass..:a|:.r 1993, 202(2)
229-2-9
Closc l, ct +l Pc..mcraa.:.rcs para ia Lu|aras:a ac i.s Ar:maics ac
Lxpcr:mcr|a.:.r l+rtc I locumcnto cl+bor+oo p+r+ l+ lGXI oc l+
Comision luropc+ N l3S, ISSN 037S-o97S
lilliogralia
1S7
Smitn Cl, l+rson ] Ar:mai Lu|oaras:a 8:oi:.grapoy lcltsvillc, \o LS
lcp+rtmcnt ol Agriculturc, N+tion+l Agricultur+l libr+ry, 1990 31 pp
Iarmacologia y icrapcuiica
lootn Nl, \clon+lo ll \c|cr:rary Poarma..i.gy ara !ocrapcu|:.s
Amcs Iow+ St+tc Lnivcrsity lrcss, 19SS
lorcn+ro ll, l+rncs Cl, lltncrington lG Drug D.sagc :r Lao.ra|.ry
Ar:mais A darao..| \cst C+lowcll, N] lclloro lrcss, 19S9
lr+nocr GC, lugn l\, lyw+tcr l] \c|cr:rary Appi:ca Poarma..i.gy ara
!ocrapcu|:.s tn co lonoon l+illicrc lino+ll 1991
Giov+nni l, \+rrcn lG, (cos) \.soys !uraamcr|ais .j Ar:mai dcai|o
!c.or.i.gy Pr:r.:pics .j Poarma..i.gy St louis C V \osby, 19S3
lossoll IS darao..| .j \c|cr:rary Drugs A C.mpcra:um j.r Pcscar.o ara
Ci:r:.ai sc Ncw York Springcr lublisning, 197
lollin ll loxicology +no ncw soci+l ctnics lor +nim+ls !.x:..i.gy.
Pa|o.i.gy 2003, 31 (suppl) 12S-131
lorroncn l, lclkoncn l, l+rcnl+mpi S lnzymc-inoucing +no cytotoxic
cllccts ol wooo-b+sco m+tcri+ls usco +s bcooing lor l+bor+tory +nim+ls
Comp+rison by + ccll culturc stuoy L:jc S.:cr.c 19S9, -9-o
Vcscll lS, l+ng C\, \nitc \], ct +l lnvironmcnt+l +no gcnctic l+ctors
+llccting rcsponsc ol l+bor+tory +nim+ls to orugs !cacra|:.r Pr.. 197o,
3 112-1132
Vcscll lS, l+ng C\, \nitc \], ct +l lcp+tic orug mct+bolism in r+ts
Imp+irmcnt in + oirty cnvironmcnt S.:cr.c 1973, 179 S9o-S97
Vcscll lS Inouction ol orug-mct+bolizing cnzymcs in livcr microsomcs
ol micc +no r+ts by soltwooo bcooing S.:cr.c 19o7, 17 107-10S
ll +nim+l como sujcto cxpcrimcnt+l Aspcctos tccnicos y cticos
1SS
Gcnciica y nomcnclaiura
Altm+n ll, l+tz ll, (cos) !rorca ara Gcrc|:.aiiy Dcrca S|ra:rs .j
Lao.ra|.ry Ar:mais lctncso+, \l lcocr+tion ol Amcric+n Socictics lor
lxpcrimcnt+l liology, 1979
lcn+viocs l], Gucnct ]l \aruai ac gcrc|:.a ac r.ca.rcs ac iao.ra|.r:.
pr:r.:p:.s oas:..s y api:.a.:.rcs \+orio Lnivcrsio+o oc Alc+l, 2003
lcsting \l, lonoo l, loosli S, ct +l Intcrn+tion+l St+no+roizco
Nomcncl+turc lor Outbrco Stocks ol l+bor+tory Anim+ls !ssuca oy |oc
!r|crra|:.rai C.mm:||cc .r Lao.ra|.ry Ar:mais 1972, IClA lullctin 30
--17
Grccn ll Gcrc|:.s ara Pr.oao:i:|y :r Ar:mai 8rcca:rg Lxpcr:mcr|s Ncw
York Oxloro Lnivcrsity lrcss, 19S1
Grccnnousc ll, (co) lolocrs ol Inbrco +no \ut+nt \icc in tnc Lnitco
St+tcs Incluoing tnc lulcs lor St+no+roizco Nomcncl+turc ol Inbrco
Str+ins, Gcnc loci, +no liocncmic+l V+ri+nts !LAP `cws 19S-, 27(2)
1A-30A
Institutc ol l+bor+tory Anim+l lcsourccs (IlAl) Committcc on lr+nsgcnic
Nomcncl+turc St+no+roizco Nomcncl+turc lor lr+nsgcnic Anim+ls !LAP
`cws 1992, 3-(-) --2
l+noc l, l+rrowclougn G lllcctivc popul+tion sizc, gcnctic v+ri+tion,
+no tncir usc in popul+tion m+n+gcmcnt In Soulc \, (co) \:aoic
P.puia|:.rs j.r C.rscrva|:.r C+mbriogc C+mbriogc Lnivcrsity lrcss,
19S7 S7-123
N+tion+l Institutcs ol lc+ltn Guioclincs lor lcsc+rcn Involving
lccombin+nt lNA \olcculcs !cacra|:.r Pcg:s| 19S-, -9(227) -o2oo-
-o291
N+tion+l Institutcs ol lc+ltn l+bor+tory S+lcty \onogr+pn A Suppicmcr|
|. |oc `!d Gu:aci:rcs j.r Pc..mo:rar| D`A Pcscar.o \+snington, lC
LS lcp+rtmcnt ol lc+ltn, louc+tion, +no \cll+rc, 1979
lilliogralia
1S9
loy+l Socicty !oc sc .j gcrc|:.aiiy m.a:ca ar:mais lonoon lnc loy+l
Socicty, 2001
\illi+ms-ll+ngcro S lcsc+rcn-Oricntco Gcnctic \+n+gcmcnt ol
Nonnum+n lrim+tc Colonics Lao.ra|.ry Ar:mai S.:cr.c 1993, -3 3-
-0
Modclos animalcs
Anorcws l], \+ro lC, Altm+n Nl, (cos) Sp.r|arc.us Ar:mai \.acis .j
dumar D:scasc Ncw York Ac+ocmic lrcss, 1979
Clingcrm+n l] Ar:mai \.acis .j D:scasc lcltsvillc, \o LS lcp+rtmcnt
ol Agriculturc, N+tion+l Agricultur+l libr+ry, 1991
Committcc on Anim+l \oocls lor lcsc+rcn on Aging \ammai:ar \.acis
j.r Pcscar.o .r Ag:rg \+snington, lC N+tion+l Ac+ocmy lrcss, 19S1
Committcc on Anim+l \oocls lor lnrombosis +no lcmorrn+gic lisc+scs
Ar:mai \.acis .j !or.mo.s:s ara dcm.rroag:. D:scascs IlAl (Institutc ol
l+bor+tory Anim+l lcsourccs) lll\ lub N (NIl) 7o-9S2 \+snington,
lC LS lcp+rtmcnt ol lc+ltn, louc+tion +no \cll+rc, 197o
louno+tion lor liomcoic+l lcsc+rcn !oc 8:.mca:.ai !rvcs|:ga|.rs darao..|
j.r Pcscar.ocrs s:rg Ar:mai \.acis \+snington, lC louno+tion lor
liomcoic+l lcsc+rcn, 19S7
lcgrcbcrg G, lc+tncrs C, (cos) 8:oi:.grapoy .j !rau.ca Ar:mai \.acis .j
dumar D:scasc lullm+n \+snington St+tc Lnivcrsity, 19S1
lcgrcbcrg G, lc+tncrs C, (cos) 8:oi:.grapoy .j `a|uraiiy C..urr:rg Ar:mai
\.acis .j dumar D:scasc lullm+n \+snington St+tc Lnivcrsity, 19S1
Institutc ol l+bor+tory Anim+l lcsourccs (IlAl) !oc !u|urc .j Ar:mais,
Cciis, \.acis, ara Sys|cms :r Pcscar.o, Dcvci.pmcr|, Lau.a|:.r ara
!cs|:rg lrocccoings ol + symposium org+nizco by +n IlAl committcc
\+snington, lC N+tion+l Ac+ocmy ol Scicnccs, 1977 3-1
ll +nim+l como sujcto cxpcrimcnt+l Aspcctos tccnicos y cticos
190
\itruk+ l\, l+wnslcy l\, V+ocnr+ lV Ar:mais j.r \ca:.ai Pcscar.o
\.acis j.r |oc S|uay .j dumar D:scasc Ncw York ]onn \ilcy +no Sons,
197o
N+vi+ ]\ Ar:mai \.acis :r Dcr|ai Pcscar.o lirmingn+m Lnivcrsity ol
Al+b+m+ lrcss, 1977
Smitn Cl Ar:mai \.acis .j D:scasc 8:oi:.grapoy, jaruary 1979-Dc.cmocr
1990 lcltsvillc, \o LS lcp+rtmcnt ol Agriculturc, N+tion+l
Agricultur+l libr+ry, 1991
Nuiricion
lo+ro on Agriculturc Subcommittcc on lccl C+ttlc Nutrition Committcc
on Anim+l Nutrition `u|r:cr| Pcqu:rcmcr|s .j 8ccj Ca||ic otn rcv co
NlC (N+tion+l lcsc+rcn Council) Nutricnt lcuircmcnts ol lomcstic
Anim+ls Scrics \+snington, lC N+tion+l Ac+ocmy lrcss, 19S-
lo+ro on Agriculturc +no lcncw+blc lcsourccs l+ncl on C+t Nutrition
Subcommittcc on l+bor+tory Anim+l Nutrition, Committcc on Anim+l
Nutrition `u|r:cr| Pcqu:rcmcr|s .j Ca|s rcv co NlC (N+tion+l lcsc+rcn
Council) Nutricnt lcuircmcnts ol lomcstic Anim+ls Scrics \+snington,
lC N+tion+l Ac+ocmy ol Scicnccs, 19So
lo+ro on Agriculturc +no lcncw+blc lcsourccs Subcommittcc on l+iry
C+ttlc Nutrition Committcc on Anim+l Nutrition `u|r:cr| Pcqu:rcmcr|s
.j Da:ry Ca||ic otn rcv co NlC (N+tion+l lcsc+rcn Council) Nutricnt
lcuircmcnts ol lomcstic Anim+ls Scrics \+snington, lC N+tion+l
Ac+ocmy ol Scicnccs, 19S9
lo+ro on Agriculturc +no lcncw+blc lcsourccs Subcommittcc on log
Nutrition Committcc on Anim+l Nutrition `u|r:cr| Pcqu:rcmcr|s .j D.gs
rcv co NlC (N+tion+l lcsc+rcn Council) 19S Nutricnt lcuircmcnts
ol lomcstic Anim+ls Scrics A rcport ol tnc \+snington, lC N+tion+l
Ac+ocmy ol Scicnccs, 19S
lilliogralia
191
lo+ro on Agriculturc +no lcncw+blc lcsourccs Subcommittcc on
lnvironmcnt+l Strcss Committcc on Anim+l Nutrition Ljjc.| .j
Lrv:r.rmcr| .r `u|r:cr| Pcqu:rcmcr|s .j D.mcs|:. Ar:mais N+tion+l
lcsc+rcn Council \+snington, lC N+tion+l Ac+ocmy lrcss, 19S1
lo+ro on Agriculturc +no lcncw+blc lcsourccs Subcommittcc on lcco
Composition Committcc on Anim+l Nutrition r:|ca S|a|cs-Caraa:ar
!aoics .j !cca C.mp.s:|:.r 3ro rcv co NlC (N+tion+l lcsc+rcn Council)
\+snington, lC N+tion+l Ac+ocmy lrcss, 19S2
lo+ro on Agriculturc +no lcncw+blc lcsourccs Subcommittcc on Go+t
Nutrition Committcc on Anim+l Nutrition `u|r:cr| Pcqu:rcmcr|s .j
G.a|s Arg.ra, Da:ry, ara \ca| G.a|s :r !cmpcra|c ara !r.p:.ai C.ur|r:cs
NlC (N+tion+l lcsc+rcn Council) Nutricnt lcuircmcnts ol lomcstic
Anim+ls Scrics \+snington, lC N+tion+l Ac+ocmy lrcss, 19S1
lo+ro on Agriculturc +no lcncw+blc lcsourccs Subcommittcc on
lorsc Nutrition Committcc on Anim+l Nutrition `u|r:cr| Pcqu:rcmcr|s
.j d.rscs tn rcv co NlC (N+tion+l lcsc+rcn Council) Nutricnt
lcuircmcnts ol lomcstic Anim+ls Scrics \+snington, lC N+tion+l
Ac+ocmy ol Scicnccs, 19S9
lo+ro on Agriculturc, Subcommittcc on l+bor+tory Anim+l Nutrition
Committcc on Anim+l Nutrition `u|r:cr| Pcqu:rcmcr|s .j Lao.ra|.ry
Ar:mais -tn rcv co NlC (N+tion+l lcsc+rcn Council) Nutricnt
lcuircmcnts ol lomcstic Anim+ls Scrics \+snington, lC N+tion+l
Ac+ocmy lrcss, 199
lo+ro on Agriculturc +no lcncw+blc lcsourccs l+ncl on Nonnum+n
lrim+tc Nutrition Subcommittcc on l+bor+tory Anim+l Nutrition
Committcc on Anim+l Nutrition `u|r:cr| Pcqu:rcmcr|s .j `.roumar
Pr:ma|cs NlC (N+tion+l lcsc+rcn Council) Nutricnt lcuircmcnts
ol lomcstic Anim+ls Scrics \+snington, lC N+tion+l Ac+ocmy ol
Scicnccs, 197S
lo+ro on Agriculturc Subcommittcc on loultry Nutrition Committcc
on Anim+l Nutrition `u|r:cr| Pcqu:rcmcr|s .j P.ui|ry 9tn rcv co NlC
ll +nim+l como sujcto cxpcrimcnt+l Aspcctos tccnicos y cticos
192
(N+tion+l lcsc+rcn Council) Nutricnt lcuircmcnts ol lomcstic Anim+ls
Scrics \+snington, lC N+tion+l Ac+ocmy lrcss, 199-
lo+ro on Agriculturc +no lcncw+blc lcsourccs Subcommittcc on l+bbit
Nutrition Committcc on Anim+l Nutrition `u|r:cr| Pcqu:rcmcr|s .j
Paoo:|s 2no rcv co NlC (N+tion+l lcsc+rcn Council) 1977 Nutricnt
lcuircmcnts ol lomcstic Anim+ls Scrics \+snington, lC N+tion+l
Ac+ocmy ol Scicnccs, 1977
lo+ro on Agriculturc +no lcncw+blc lcsourccs Subcommittcc on Snccp
Nutrition Committcc on Anim+l Nutrition `u|r:cr| Pcqu:rcmcr|s .j Soccp
otn rcv co NlC (N+tion+l lcsc+rcn Council) Nutricnt lcuircmcnts
ol lomcstic Anim+ls Scrics \+snington, lC N+tion+l Ac+ocmy ol
Scicnccs, 19S
lo+ro on Agriculturc +no lcncw+blc lcsourccs Subcommittcc on Swinc
Nutrition Committcc on Anim+l Nutrition `u|r:cr| Pcqu:rcmcr|s .j Sw:rc
9tn rcv co NlC (N+tion+l lcsc+rcn Council) Nutricnt lcuircmcnts
ol lomcstic Anim+ls Scrics \+snington, lC N+tion+l Ac+ocmy ol
Scicnccs, 19SS
Cullison l !ccas ara !cca:rg 3ro co lcston, V+ lcston lublisning, 19S2
l+rris lS, (co) !cca:rg ara `u|r:|:.r .j `.roumar Pr:ma|cs Ncw York
Ac+ocmic lrcss, 1970
Institutc ol l+bor+tory Anim+l lcsourccs (IlAl) Committcc on l+bor+tory
Anim+l licts Control ol licts in l+bor+tory Anim+l lxpcrimcnt+tion
!LAP `cws 197S, 21(2) A1-A12
lr+lt l\ lnc m+nul+cturc, snipping +no rccciving, +no u+lity control ol
roocnt bcooing m+tcri+ls Lao.ra|.ry Ar:mai S.:cr.c 19S0, 30(2) 3oo-37o
l+vcrnor \N, (co) `u|r:|:.r ara D:scasc :r Lxpcr:mcr|ai Ar:mais
lrocccoings ol + Symposium org+nizco by tnc lritisn Sm+ll Anim+l
Vctcrin+ry Associ+tion, tnc lritisn l+bor+tory Anim+l Vctcrin+ry
Associ+tion, +no tnc l+bor+tory Anim+l Scicntinc Associ+tion lonoon
l+illicrc, lino+ll +no C+sscll, 1970
lilliogralia
193
Parasiiologia
l+r+i G, (co) \:rus D:scascs :r Lao.ra|.ry ara Cap|:vc Ar:mais loston
Nijnoll, 19SS
llynn l] Paras:|cs .j Lao.ra|.ry Ar:mais Amcs Iow+ St+tc Lnivcrsity
lrcss, 1973
Owcn l C.mm.r Paras:|cs .j Lao.ra|.ry P.acr|s ara Lag.m.rpos
l+bor+tory Anim+l l+nobook lonoon \coic+l lcsc+rcn Council, 1972
Sloss \\, lcmp ll \c|cr:rary Ci:r:.ai Paras:|.i.gy otn co Amcs Iow+
St+tc Lnivcrsity lrcss, 199-
\+ggic l, l+giy+m+ N, Allcn \A, ct +l 199- \aruai .j \:.r.o:.i.g:.
\.r:|.r:rg .j Lao.ra|.ry Ar:mais lctncso+ NIl, 199-
Paiologia y paiologia clinica
lcnj+min \\ Cu|i:rc .j \c|cr:rary Ci:r:.ai Pa|o.i.gy 3ro co Amcs Iow+
St+tc Lnivcrsity lrcss, 197S
lcnirscnkc l, G+mcr l\, ]oncs lC Pa|o.i.gy .j Lao.ra|.ry Ar:mais Ncw
York Springcr Vcrl+g, 197S
Colcs ll \c|cr:rary Ci:r:.ai Pa|o.i.gy -tn co lnil+oclpni+ \ l
S+unocrs, 19So
lclson l P.cr|gcr !c.or:qucs :r Lao.ra|.ry Ar:mais lnil+oclpni+ \ l
S+unocrs, 19oS
Gcrsnwin \l, \crcn+nt l, (cos) !mmur.i.g:. Dcjc.|s :r Lao.ra|.ry
Ar:mais Ncw York llcnum, 19S1
Gopin+tn C, lrcnticc ll, lcwis l] A|ias .j Lxpcr:mcr|ai !.x:..i.g:.ai
Pa|o.i.gy loston \ll lrcss, 19S7
Grcsn+m GA, ]cnnings Al Ar !r|r.au.|:.r |. C.mpara|:vc Pa|o.i.gy A
C.rs:acra|:.r .j S.mc Pca.|:.rs .j dumar ara Ar:mai !:ssucs |. !r,ur:.us
Agcr|s Ncw York Ac+ocmic lrcss, 19o2
ll +nim+l como sujcto cxpcrimcnt+l Aspcctos tccnicos y cticos
19-
l+rris l]C, (co) !oc Pr.oicms .j Lao.ra|.ry Ar:mai D:scasc Ncw York
Ac+ocmic lrcss, 19o2
l+wkcy C\, lcnnctt ll C.i.r A|ias .j C.mpara|:vc \c|cr:rary dcma|.i.gy
Amcs Iow+ St+tc Lnivcrsity lrcss, 19S9
l+ynoc Gl], llcm+ns l] C.i.r A|ias .j dcma|.i.g:.ai Cy|.i.gy 3ro co St
louis \osby Yc+r look, 1992
lolmcs ll Ci:r:.ai Lao.ra|.ry Ar:mai \ca:.:rc Ar !r|r.au.|:.r Amcs
Iow+ St+tc Lnivcrsity lrcss, 19S-
Inncs ]l\, S+unocrs lz, (cos) C.mpara|:vc `cur.pa|o.i.gy Ncw York
Ac+ocmic lrcss, 19o2
]+in NC Lsscr|:ais .j \c|cr:rary dcma|.i.gy lnil+oclpni+ lc+ +no lcbigcr,
1993
]oncs lC, lunt ll \c|cr:rary Pa|o.i.gy tn co lnil+oclpni+ lc+ +no
lcbigcr, 19S3
l+pll Cl, ]+nol ]l 8i..a A|ias ara S.ur.co..| .j dcma|.i.gy 2no co
loston littlc +no lrown, 1991
locb \l, Quimby l\ Ci:r:.ai Cocm:s|ry .j Lao.ra|.ry Ar:mais Ncw
York lcrg+mon lrcss, 19SS
libclin \l, \cCoy ]l, (cos) !oc Pa|o.i.gy .j Lao.ra|.ry Ar:mais
Springnclo, Ill Cn+rlcs C lnom+s, 19o
S+nocrson ]l, lnillips Cl Ar A|ias .j Lao.ra|.ry Ar:mai dacma|.i.gy
Cxj.ra Cl+rcnoon lrcss, 19S1
Scn+lm O\, ]+in NC S.oaims \c|cr:rary dcma|.i.gy -tn co lnil+oclpni+
lc+ +no lcbigcr, 19So
Sooikoll C Lao.ra|.ry Pr.ics .j Smaii Ar:mai D:scascs S+nt+ l+rb+r+,
C+lil Amcric+n Vctcrin+ry lublic+tions, 19S1
lilliogralia
19
lnigpcn ]l, lcbctkin ll, l+wcs \l, ct +l A st+no+ro proccourc lor
mc+suring roocnt bcooing p+rticlc sizc +no oust contcnt Lao.ra|.ry
Ar:mai S.:cr.c 19S9, 39(1) o0-o2
Rccursos
\icn+cl l, lcsting \ 1993 !r|crra|:.rai !racx .j Lao.ra|.ry Ar:mais otn
co lciccstcr, ll1 7ll, Ll, 1993
N+tion+l Agricultur+l libr+ry, N+tion+l libr+ry ol \coicinc +no lrim+tc
Inlorm+tion Ccntcr Lrv:r.rmcr|ai Lrr:.omcr| !rj.rma|:.r Pcs.ur.cs j.r
`.roumar Pr:ma|cs 19S7-1992 lcltsvillc, \o N+tion+l Agricultur+l
libr+ry, 1992
lcsc+rcn lcsourccs Inlorm+tion Ccntcr Pcs.ur.cs j.r C.mpara|:vc
8:.mca:.ai Pcscar.o A D:rc.|.ry .j |oc DPP Ar:mai Pcs.ur.cs Pr.gram
lctncso+, \o LS lcp+rtmcnt ol lc+ltn +no lum+n Scrviccs, lublic
lc+ltn Scrvicc, N+tion+l Institutcs ol lc+ltn, 1991
Rclcrcncias gcncralcs
Altm+n ll, littmcr lS 8:.i.gy Da|a 8..| 2no co lctncso+, \l
lcocr+tion ol Amcric+n Socictics lor lxpcrimcnt+l liology, 197-
Anim+l \cll+rc Institutc Ar:mais ara !oc:r Lcgai P:go|s \+snington,
lC Anim+l \cll+rc Institutc, 19S
l+vis l, l+llour l, (cos) !oc !rcv:|aoic 8.ra Lxam:r:rg s.:cr|:s|-ar:mai
:r|cra.|:.rs C+mpriogc C+mbriogc Lnivcrsity lrcss, 1992
G+y \I dcai|o 8crc|s .j Ar:mai Pcscar.o \+snington, lC louno+tion
lor liomcoic+l lcsc+rcn, 19S
l+nc ll, (co) j.rcs Ar:mai `urs:rg tn co Oxloro lcrg+mon lrcss, 19S9
N+tion+l lcsc+rcn Council, Committcc on tnc Lsc ol Anim+ls in lcsc+rcn
S.:cr.c, \ca:.:rc, ara Ar:mais \+snington, lC N+tion+l Ac+ocmy
lrcss, 1991
ll +nim+l como sujcto cxpcrimcnt+l Aspcctos tccnicos y cticos
19o
N+tion+l lcsc+rcn Council +no Institutc ol \coicinc Committcc on tnc
Lsc ol l+bor+tory Anim+ls in liomcoic+l +no lcn+vior+l lcsc+rcn sc
.j Lao.ra|.ry Ar:mais :r 8:.mca:.ai ara 8coav:.rai Pcscar.o \+snington,
lC N+tion+l Ac+ocmy lrcss, 19SS
Sm+llwooo ]l A Gu:aca !.ur .j \c|cr:rary Ara|.my D.mcs|:. rguia|cs
ara Lao.ra|.ry \ammais lnil+oclpni+ \ l S+unocrs, 1992
lullcry AA Lao.ra|.ry Ar:mais lonoon ]onn \ilcy, 199
V+ucro-lucrt+ C \aruai ac cxpcr:mcr|a.:.r ar:mai V+ll+oolio
Sccrct+ri+oo oc lublic+cioncs Lnivcrsio+o oc V+ll+oolio, 1993
zunig+ ], \iloco SN C:cr.:a y !c.r.i.g:a cr Pr.|c..:.r y Lxpcr:mcr|a.:.r
Ar:mai \+orio loitori+l \cGr+w-lill Intcr+mcric+n+, 2001
Tipos dc animalcs
Anllios, rcpiilcs, y pcccs
Anocrson ll D:scascs .j !:socs 8..| -, !:so !mmur.i.gy Ncptunc, N]
l l l lublic+tions, 197-
lcrry l], lrcgcr \l, lyons-C+rtcr ]l !rj.rma|:.r Pcs.ur.cs j.r Pcp|:ics,
Ampo:o:ars, !:so, ara Ccpoai.p.as sca :r 8:.mca:.ai Pcscar.o lcltsvillc,
\l LSlA N+tion+l libr+ry Anim+l \cll+rc Inlorm+tion Ccntcr, 1992
liowcll ]l, Spottc S Ar|:.:ai Scawa|crs !.rmuias ara \c|o.as loston
]oncs +no l+rtlctt, 19S
lullock Gl, Conroy lA, Snicszko Sl D:scascs .j !:socs, 8..| 2A, 8a.|cr:ai
D:scascs .j !:socs Ncptunc, N] lll lublic+tions, 1971
lullock Gl 1971 D:scascs .j !:socs, 8..| 28, !acr|:.a|:.r .j !:so Pa|o.gcr:.
8a.|cr:a Ncptunc, N] l l l lublic+tions, 1971
lollm+n Gl, \cycr ll 197- Paras:|cs .j !rcsowa|cr !:socs A Pcv:cw .j
!oc:r !rca|mcr| ara C.r|r.i Ncptunc, N] l l l lublic+tions, 197-
lilliogralia
197
lubbs C, Nickum ]G, luntcr ]l Gu:aci:rcs j.r |oc sc .j !:socs :r !:cia
Pcscar.o ]oint public+tion ol tnc Amcric+n Socicty ol Icntnyologists
+no lcrpctologists, tnc Amcric+n lisncrics Socicty, +no tnc Amcric+n
Institutc ol lisncrics lcsc+rcn liologists, 19S7
lutcninson Vl, (co) Gu:aci:rcs j.r |oc sc .j L:vc Ampo:o:ars ara
Pcp|:ics :r !:cia Pcscar.o ]oint public+tion ol tnc Amcric+n Socicty ol
Icntnyologists +no lcrpctologists, lnc lcrpctologists lc+guc, +no tnc
Socicty lor tnc Stuoy ol Ampnibi+ns +no lcptilcs, 19S7
libclin \l, \ig+ki G, (cos) !oc Pa|o.i.gy .j !:socs \+oison Lnivcrsity
ol \isconsin, 197
lobcrts l], (co) !:so Pa|o.i.gy 2no co lonoon S+unocrs, 19S9
Scn+cllcr lO, llcinow l\, lruliscn l, (cos) !oc Carc ara sc .j
Ampo:o:ars, Pcp|:ics, ara !:so :r Pcscar.o lrocccoings lrom + SCA\/lSL-
SV\-sponsorco conlcrcncc, April S-9, 1991, Ncw Orlc+ns, l+ Grccnbclt,
\l Scicntists Ccntcr lor Anim+l \cll+rc, 1992
Sinocrm+nn C], licntncr lV D:scasc D:agr.s:s ara C.r|r.i :r `.r|o
Amcr:.ar \ar:rc Aqua.ui|urc 2no rcv co Ncw York llscvicr, 19SS
\cocmcycr GA, \cycr ll, Smitn l D:scascs .j !:socs, 8..| 5, Lrv:r.rmcr|ai
S|rcss ara !:so D:scascs Ncptunc, N] l l l lublic+tions, 197o
Animalcs silvcsircs, cxoiicos y dc zoologico
Cr+no+ll lS !oc \aragcmcr| .j \:ia \ammais :r Cap|:v:|y Cnic+go
Lnivcrsity ol Cnic+go lrcss, 19o-
lowlcr \l Pcs|ra:r| ara darai:rg .j \:ia ara D.mcs|:. Ar:mais Amcs
Iow+ St+tc Lnivcrsity lrcss, 197S
lowlcr \l, (co) 2.. ara \:ia Ar:mai \ca:.:rc lnil+oclpni+ \ l
S+unocrs, 1993
ll +nim+l como sujcto cxpcrimcnt+l Aspcctos tccnicos y cticos
19S
lr+scr C\, lcrgcron ]A, Aicllo Sl lur, l+bor+tory, +no zoo Anim+ls In
!oc \cr.| \c|cr:rary \aruai 7tn co l+nw+y, N] \crck +no Co, 1991
97o-10S7
Grincr lA Pa|o.i.gy .j 2.. Ar:mais S+n licgo, C+lil zoologic+l Socicty
ol S+n licgo, 19S3
lirk l\, lon+gur+ ]l, (cos) K:r|s Currcr| \c|cr:rary !ocrapy \.i X!
Smaii Ar:mai Pra.|:.c lnil+oclpni+ \ l S+unocrs, 1992
Animalcs dc granja
l+xtcr ll, l+xtcr \l, \+cCorm+ck ]AC, (cos) !arm Ar:mai d.us:rg
ara \cijarc loston Nijnoll, 19S3
lcbcc CN, Sw+nson ], (cos) !arm Ar:mai \cijarc, jaruary 1979-Apr:i 19S9
lcltsvillc, \o LS lcp+rtmcnt ol Agriculturc, N+tion+l Agricultur+l
libr+ry, 19S9
lcbcc CN, (co) !oc Pr.|c.|:.r .j !arm Ar:mais, 1979-Apr:i 19S9 Cit+tions
lrom AGlICOlA Conccrning lisc+scs +no Otncr lnvironmcnt+l
Consiocr+tions lcltsvillc, \o LS lcp+rtmcnt ol Agriculturc, N+tion+l
Agricultur+l libr+ry, 19S9
C+lnck l\, (co) D:scascs .j P.ui|ry 9tn co Amcs Iow+ St+tc Lnivcrsity
lrcss, 1991
loylc ll, G+rb S, l+vis ll, ct +l 19oS lomcstic+tco l+rm Anim+ls in
\coic+l lcsc+rcn Amcric+n `1 A.aacmy S.:cr.c 19oS, 1-7 129-20-
l+lcz lSl 1993 Pcpr.au.|:.r :r !arm Ar:mais lnil+oclpni+ lc+ +no
lcbigcr, 1993
l+rt ll 8coav:.r .j D.mcs|:. Ar:mais Ncw York \ l lrccm+n, 19S
lccklcr ]l !oc Soccp as ar Lxpcr:mcr|ai Ar:mai Ncw York Ac+ocmic
lrcss, 19S3
lilliogralia
199
low+ro ]l, (co) Currcr| \c|cr:rary !ocrapy !..a Ar:mai Pra.|:.c
lnil+oclpni+ \ l S+unocrs, 19S1
low+ro ]l, (co) Currcr| \c|cr:rary !ocrapy !..a Ar:mai Pra.|:.c !w.
lnil+oclpni+ \ l S+unocrs, 19So
low+ro ]l, co Currcr| \c|cr:rary !ocrapy !..a Ar:mai Pra.|:.c !orcc
lnil+oclpni+ \ l S+unocrs, 1992
Institutc ol l+bor+tory Anim+l lcsourccs (IlAl) Committcc on St+no+ros
Subcommittcc on St+no+ros lor l+rgc (lomcstic) l+bor+tory Anim+ls
lumin+nts C+ttlc, Snccp, +no Go+ts Gu:aci:rcs j.r |oc 8rcca:rg, Carc ara
\aragcmcr| .j Lao.ra|.ry Ar:mais NlC (N+tion+l lcsc+rcn Council)
\+snington, lC N+tion+l Ac+ocmy ol Scicnccs, 197-
]cnscn l D:scascs .j Soccp lnil+oclpni+ lc+ +no lcbigcr, 197-
]ubb lV, (co) Pa|o.i.gy .j D.mcs|:. Ar:mais -tn co Ncw York Ac+ocmic
lrcss, 1992
l+ncko ]], (co) Ci:r:.ai 8:..ocm:s|ry .j D.mcs|:. Ar:mais -tn co Ncw
York Ac+ocmic lrcss, 19S9
lcm+n Al, (co) D:scascs .j Sw:rc 7tn co Amcs Iow+ St+tc Lnivcrsity
lrcss, 1992
lcvinc Nl `cma|.ac Paras:|cs .j D.mcs|:. Ar:mais ara .j \ar
\innc+polis lurgcss lublisning, 19oS
\ount ll, Ingr+m ll !oc P:g as a Lao.ra|.ry Ar:mai Ncw York
Ac+ocmic lrcss, 1971
lnillips C, liggins l, (cos) !arm Ar:mais ara |oc Lrv:r.rmcr| \+llingloro
CAl Intcrn+tion+l, 1992
lono \G, loupt lA !oc 8:.i.gy .j |oc P:g Itn+c+ NY Comstock
lublisning, 197S
ll +nim+l como sujcto cxpcrimcnt+l Aspcctos tccnicos y cticos
200
loy ]ll !oc Caij \aragcmcr| ara !cca:rg tn co loston luttcrwortns,
1990
S+ck \O Lsscr|:ais .j P:g Ara|.my Itn+c+ NY Vctcrin+ry lcxtbooks,
19S2
Smiot l, (co) !ra:.a|.rs Pcicvar| |. !arm Ar:mai \cijarc loston Nijnoll,
19S3
Sonstn+gcn ll Pcs|ra:r| .j D.mcs|:. Ar:mais Amcric+n Vctcrin+ry
lublic+tions, 1991
St+nton lC, \crsm+nn l] Sw:rc :r Cara:.vas.uiar Pcscar.o loc+ l+ton
ClC lrcss, 19So
Swcnson \], lcccc \O, (cos) Du|cs Poys:.i.gy .j D.mcs|:. Ar:mais
11tn rcv co Itn+c+ NY Comstock lublisning, 1993
Swinolc \\ Sw:rc as \.acis :r 8:.mca:.ai Pcscar.o Amcs Iow+ St+tc
Lnivcrsity lrcss, 1992
Lnivcrsitics lcocr+tion lor Anim+l \cll+rc (LlA\) \aragcmcr| ara
\cijarc .j !arm Ar:mais 3ro co lonoon l+illicrc lino+ll, 19SS
Avcs
Abs \, (co) Poys:.i.gy ara 8coav:.r .j |oc P:gc.r lonoon Ac+ocmic
lrcss, 19S3
Amcric+n Ornitnologists Lnion 19SS lcport ol Committcc on Lsc ol
\ilo liros in lcsc+rcn AK 19SS, 10(1, Suppl) lA--1A
Institutc ol l+bor+tory Anim+l lcsourccs (IlAl) Committcc on St+no+ros
Subcommittcc on liros Lao.ra|.ry Ar:mai \aragcmcr| \:ia 8:ras NlC
(N+tion+l lcsc+rcn Council) \+snington, lC N+tion+l Ac+ocmy ol
Scicnccs, 1977
lcvi \\ !oc P:gc.r (rcprintco 19S1) Sumtcr, SC lcvi lublisning,
197-
lilliogralia
201
luoor lC P:gc.r dcai|o ara D:scasc Amcs Iow+ St+tc Lnivcrsity lrcss,
1991
Pcrros y gaios
Ao+ms ll Car:rc Ara|.my A Sys|cma|:. S|uay Amcs Iow+ St+tc
Lnivcrsity lrcss, 19So
Anocrscn AC, (co) !oc 8cagic as ar Lxpcr:mcr|ai D.g Amcs Iow+ St+tc
Lnivcrsity lrcss, 1970
lttingcr S], (co) !cx|o..| .j \c|cr:rary !r|crrai \ca:.:rc D:scascs .j |oc
D.g ara Ca| lnil+oclpni+ \ l S+unocrs, 19S9
lv+ns ll \:iicrs Ara|.my .j |oc D.g lnil+oclpni+ \ l S+unocrs,
1993
Institutc ol l+bor+tory Anim+l lcsourccs (IlAl) Committcc on C+ts
Lao.ra|.ry Ar:mai \aragcmcr| Ca|s IlAl Ncws 197S, 21(3) C1-C 20
Institutc ol l+bor+tory Anim+l lcsourccs (IlAl) Committcc on logs
Lao.ra|.ry Ar:mai \aragcmcr| D.gs NlC (N+tion+l lcsc+rcn Council)
\+snington, lC N+tion+l Ac+ocmy lrcss, 199-
Snilrinc \, \ilson ll, (cos) !oc Car:rc as a 8:.mca:.ai Pcscar.o \.aci
!mmur.i.g:.ai, dcma|.i.g:.ai, ara Cr..i.g:.ai Aspc.|s \+snington, lC
lccnnic+l Inlorm+tion Ccntcr, LS lcp+rtmcnt ol lncrgy, 19S0
Primaics no-lumanos
lcnnctt ll, Abcc Cl, lcmickson l, (cos) `.roumar Pr:ma|cs :r
8:.mca:.ai Pcscar.o 8:.i.gy ara \aragcmcr| Ncw York Ac+ocmic lrcss,
199
lloomsmitn \A, lrcnt lY, Scn+piro S] Guioclincs lor ocvcloping +no
m+n+ging +n cnvironmcnt+l cnricnmcnt progr+m lor nonnum+n prim+tcs
Lao.ra|.ry Ar:mai S.:cr.c 1991, -1372-377
ll +nim+l como sujcto cxpcrimcnt+l Aspcctos tccnicos y cticos
202
lowocn l\, (co) Ag:rg :r `.roumar Pr:ma|cs Ncw York V+n Nostr+no
lcinnolo, 1979
l+vis ll, lc+tnrus C\, (cos) 8coav:.r ara Pa|o.i.gy .j Ag:rg :r Pocsus
\.r|cys Ncw York Al+n l liss, 19S
lrwin ], \+plc ll, \itcncll G, (cos) Cap|:v:|y ara 8coav:.r-Pr:ma|cs
:r 8rcca:rg C.i.r:cs, Lao.ra|.r:cs ara 2..s Ncw York V+n Nostr+no
lcinnolo, 1979
licnncs lNl\ 2..r.scs .j Pr:ma|cs !oc Lp:acm:.i.gy ara L..i.gy .j
S:m:ar D:scascs :r Pcia|:.r |. \ar lonoon \ciocnlclo +no Nicolson,
19o7
licnncs lNl\, (co) Pa|o.i.gy .j S:m:ar Pr:ma|cs l+scl S l+rgcr,
1972
lulk l, G+rl+no C, (cos) !oc Carc ara \aragcmcr| .j Co:mparzccs Par
|r.gi.ay|cs :r Cap|:vc Lrv:r.rmcr|s Asncboro Nortn C+rolin+ zoologic+l
Socicty, 1992
lcrsnkovitz l L:v:rg `cw \.ria \.r|cys Pia|yrro:r: Vol 1 Cnic+go
Lnivcrsity ol Cnic+go lrcss, 1977
luscr l] Ar A|ias .j C.mpara|:vc Pr:ma|c dcma|.i.gy Ncw York
Ac+ocmic lrcss, 1970
Institutc ol l+bor+tory Anim+l lcsourccs (IlAl) Committcc on
Nonnum+n lrim+tcs Subcommittcc on C+rc +no Lsc l+bor+tory Anim+l
\+n+gcmcnt Nonnum+n lrim+tcs !LAP `cws 19S0, 23(2-3) ll-l--
Institutc ol l+bor+tory Anim+l lcsourccs (IlAl) Committcc on \cll-
bcing ol Nonnum+n lrim+tcs Psy.o.i.g:.ai \cii-8c:rg .j `.roumar
Pr:ma|cs NlC (N+tion+l lcsc+rcn Council) \+snington, lC N+tion+l
Ac+ocmy lrcss, 199o
l+pin lA, Y+kovlcv+ lA C.mpara|:vc Pa|o.i.gy :r \.r|cys Springnclo,
Ill Cn+rlcs C lnom+s, 19o3
lilliogralia
203
linoburg lG !oc \a.aqucs S|ua:cs :r L..i.gy, 8coav:.r, ara Lv.iu|:.r
Ncw York V+n Nostr+no lcinnolo, 19S0
N+picr ]l, N+picr ll A darao..| .j L:v:rg Pr:ma|cs \.rpo.i.gy, L..i.gy,
ara 8coav:.ur .j `.roumar Pr:ma|cs lonoon Ac+ocmic lrcss, 19o7
NIl Olncc ol Anim+l C+rc +no Lsc `.roumar Pr:ma|c \aragcmcr| Piar
lctncso+, \l NIl, lllS, 1991
Nov+k \, lctto A], (cos) !or.ugo |oc L..|:rg Giass !ssucs .j Psy.o.i.g:.ai
\cii-8c:rg :r Cap|:vc `.roumar Pr:ma|cs \+snington, lC Amcric+n
lsycnologic+l Associ+tion, 1991
lcrkins ll, Olonognuc lN, cos 8rcca:rg S:m:ars j.r Dcvci.pmcr|ai
8:.i.gy Lao.ra|.ry Ar:mai darao..|s o lonoon l+bor+tory Anim+ls lto,
197
loscnblum lA, Coc Cl, (cos) darao..| .j Squ:rrci \.r|cy Pcscar.o Ncw
York llcnum lrcss, 19S
lucn lC D:scascs .j Lao.ra|.ry Pr:ma|cs lnil+oclpni+ \ l S+unocrs,
199
Scg+l ll, (co) d.us:rg, Carc ara Psy.o.i.g:.ai \cii-8c:rg .j Cap|:vc ara
Lao.ra|.ry Pr:ma|cs l+rk liogc, N] Noycs lublic+tions, 19S9
\nitncy ]r lA, ]onnson lA, Colc \C Lao.ra|.ry Pr:ma|c darao..|
Ncw York Ac+ocmic lrcss, 1973
Rocdorcs y concjos
l+kcr l], linoscy ]l, \cisbrotn Sl, (cos) !oc Lao.ra|.ry Pa| Ncw York
Ac+ocmic lrcss, 19S0
lcrry l], (co) 8:.i.gy .j |oc d.usc \.usc Symp.s:a .j |oc 2..i.g:.ai S..:c|y
.j L.ra.r N -7 lonoon Ac+ocmic lrcss, 19S1
ll+tt lN \:rai ara \y..piasmai !rjc.|:.rs .j Lao.ra|.ry P.acr|s Ljjc.|s .r
8:.mca:.ai Pcscar.o Orl+noo, ll+ Ac+ocmic lrcss, 19So
ll +nim+l como sujcto cxpcrimcnt+l Aspcctos tccnicos y cticos
20-
lurck ]l Pa|o.i.gy .j Ag:rg Pa|s A \.rpo.i.g:.ai ara Lxpcr:mcr|ai S|uay
.j |oc Agc Ass..:a|ca Lcs:.rs :r Ag:rg 8`/8!, \AG/P:,, ara \AG x 8`!
Pa|s loc+ l+ton, ll+ ClC lrcss, 197S
Coopcr G, Scnillcr Al Ara|.my .j |oc Gu:rca P:g C+mbriogc, \+ss
l+rv+ro Lnivcrsity lrcss, 197
Cr+igic ll A Lao.ra|.ry Gu:ac |. |oc Ara|.my .j |oc Paoo:| 2no co
loronto Lnivcrsity ol loronto lrcss, 19oo
Crispcns CG ]r darao..| .r |oc Lao.ra|.ry \.usc Springnclo, Ill
Cn+rlcs C lnom+s, 197
logn ], Giov+ncll+ lC, (cos) !oc `uac \.usc :r Lxpcr:mcr|ai ara Ci:r:.ai
Pcscar.o 2 Vol Ncw York Ac+ocmic lrcss, 19S2
lostcr ll, Sm+ll ]l, lox ]G, (cos) !oc \.usc :r 8:.mca:.ai Pcscar.o -
Vol Ncw York Ac+ocmic lrcss, 19S2
Grccnc lC Ara|.my .j |oc Pa| Ncw York l+lncr, 1970
Guoc \l, Cosgrovc Gl, +no lirscn Gl d:s|.i.g:.ai A|ias .j |oc Lao.ra|.ry
\.usc Ncw York llcnum, 19S2
Guttm+n lN, (co) Gu:aci:rcs j.r |oc \cii-8c:rg .j P.acr|s :r Pcscar.o
lctncso+, \o Scicntists Ccntcr lor Anim+l \cll+rc, 1990
l+rkncss ]l, \+gncr ]l !oc 8:.i.gy ara \ca:.:rc .j Paoo:|s ara P.acr|s
lnil+oclpni+ lc+ +no lcbigcr, 19S9
lcbcl l Strombcrg \\ Ara|.my ara Lmory.i.gy .j |oc Lao.ra|.ry Pa|
\ortnscc, St+tc lio\co, 19So
Institutc ol l+bor+tory Anim+l lcsourccs (IlAl) Committcc on l+t
Nomcncl+turc lcnnition, Nomcncl+turc, +no Conscrv+tion ol l+t
Str+ins !LAP `cws 1992, 3-(-) S 1-S2-
Institutc ol l+bor+tory Anim+l lcsourccs (IlAl) Committcc on l+bor+tory
Anim+l lisc+scs A Gu:ac |. !rjc.|:.us D:scascs .j Gu:rca P:gs, Gcro:is,
lilliogralia
20
dams|crs, ara Paoo:|s NlC (N+tion+l lcsc+rcn Council) \+snington,
lC N+tion+l Ac+ocmy ol Scicnccs, 197-
Institutc ol l+bor+tory Anim+l lcsourccs (IlAl) Committcc on Inlcctious
lisc+scs ol \icc +no l+ts !rjc.|:.us D:scascs .j \:.c ara Pa|s NlC
(N+tion+l lcsc+rcn Council) \+snington, lC N+tion+l Ac+ocmy lrcss,
1991
Institutc ol l+bor+tory Anim+l lcsourccs (IlAl) Committcc on loocnts
Lao.ra|.ry Ar:mai \aragcmcr| P.acr|s NlC (N+tion+l lcsc+rcn
Council) \+snington, lC N+tion+l Ac+ocmy lrcss, 199S
l+pl+n lN, limmons ll !oc Paoo:| A \.aci j.r |oc Pr:r.:pics .j
\ammai:ar Poys:.i.gy ara Surgcry Ncw York Ac+ocmic lrcss, 1979
\cl+ugnlin CA, Cni+sson ll Lao.ra|.ry Ara|.my .j |oc Paoo:| 2no co
lubuuc, Iow+ \m C lrown, 1979
\orsc lC Cr:g:rs .j !rorca \:.c Ncw York Ac+ocmic lrcss, 1979
Nicmi S\, Vcn+blc ]S, Guttm+n ]N, (cos) P.acr|s ara Paoo:|s Currcr|
Pcscar.o !ssucs lctncso+, \o Scicntists Ccntcr lor Anim+l \cll+rc,
199-
lctty C Pcscar.o !c.or:qucs :r |oc Pa| Springnclo, Ill Cn+rlcs C lnom+s,
19S2
lcco Nl, (co) Pr..cca:rgs .j |oc !o:ra !r|cma|:.rai \.r|so.p .r `uac
\:.c Vol 1, Invitco lccturcs/Inlcction/Immunology Vol 2, Oncology
Ncw York Gust+v liscncr, 19S2
Scnmiot ll, l+son ll, lubb+ro Gl, ct +l Pa|o.i.gy .j Ag:rg Syr:ar
dams|crs loc+ l+ton, ll+ ClC lrcss, 19S3
Sicgcl lI, (co) 19S !oc dams|cr Pcpr.au.|:.r ara 8coav:.r Ncw York
llcnum lrcss, 19S
Simmons \l, lrick ]O !oc Lao.ra|.ry \.usc Scic.|:.r ara \aragcmcr|
lnglcwooo Clills, N] lrcnticc-l+ll, 1970
ll +nim+l como sujcto cxpcrimcnt+l Aspcctos tccnicos y cticos
20o
V+n loosicr Gl, \clncrson C\, (cos) Lao.ra|.ry dams|crs Ncw York
Ac+ocmic lrcss, 19S7
\+gncr l, \+nning l], (cos) !oc 8:.i.gy .j |oc Gu:rca P:g ] Ncw York
Ac+ocmic lrcss, 197o
\cisbrotn Sl, ll+tt ll, lr+us A, (cos) !oc 8:.i.gy .j |oc Lao.ra|.ry
Paoo:| Ncw York Ac+ocmic lrcss, 197-
Oiros animalcs
loylc ll !oc Carc ara \aragcmcr| .j Ccpoai.p.as :r |oc Lao.ra|.ry
lcrts, Ll Lnivcrsitics lcocr+tion lor Anim+l \cll+rc, 1991
Institutc ol l+bor+tory Anim+l lcsourccs (IlAl) Committcc on \+rinc
Invcrtcbr+tcs Lao.ra|.ry Ar:mai \aragcmcr| \ar:rc !rvcr|cora|cs NlC
(N+tion+l lcsc+rcn Council) \+snington, lC N+tion+l Ac+ocmy lrcss,
19S1
\oc \A !oc \ar:rc Aquar:um Pcjcrcr.c Sys|cms ara !rvcr|cora|cs
ll+nt+tion, ll+ Grccn lurtlc lublic+tions, 19S9
lcicncnb+cn-llinkc l, llk+n l !oc Pr:r.:pai D:scascs .j L.wcr \cr|cora|cs
Ncw York Ac+ocmic lrcss, 19o
liogw+y Sl, l+rrison l], (cos) darao..| .j \ar:rc \ammais - Vol
Ncw York Ac+ocmic lrcss, 1991
lilliogralia
207
VII. PUlLICACIONLS PLRIODICAS
Aavar.cs :r \c|cr:rary S.:cr.c Vol 1-12 193-19oS Ncw York Ac+ocmic
lrcss
Aavar.cs :r \c|cr:rary S.:cr.c ara C.mpara|:vc \ca:.:rc (+nnu+l,
continu+tion ol Aavar.cs :r \c|cr:rary S.:cr.c) Ncw York Ac+ocmic
lrcss
!oc Ai|crra|:vcs Pcp.r| (o:m.r|oiy) Nortn Gr+lton, \+ Ccntcr lor
Anim+ls e lublic lolicy, lults Lnivcrsity
Amcr:.ar j.urrai .j Pa|o.i.gy (m.r|oiy) l+ltimorc Amcric+n Socicty lor
Invcstig+tivc l+tnology
Amcr:.ar j.urrai .j Pr:ma|.i.gy (m.r|oiy) Ncw York \ilcy-liss
Amcr:.ar j.urrai .j \c|cr:rary Pcscar.o (m.r|oiy) Scn+umburg, Ill
Amcric+n Vctcrin+ry \coic+l Associ+tion
Ar:maics ac Lxpcr:mcr|a.:.r lnc Sp+nisn l+ngu+gc ]ourn+l ol l+bor+tory
Anim+l Scicncc (quar|criy) \cxico, ll Av+ncc lccnologico y Cicntnco,
AC \+iling +oorcss Av l+j+ C+lilorni+ 1o1 \cxico, ll 0o7o0
Ar:mai \.acis .j dumar D:scasc (A l+nobook) \+snington, lC
lnc lcgistry ol Comp+r+tivc l+tnology, Ammco lorccs Institutc ol
l+tnology
!oc Ar:mai P.i:.y Pcp.r| A Ncwslcttcr on Anim+l +no lnvironmcnt+l
Issucs (quar|criy) Nortn Gr+lton, \+ Ccntcr lor Anim+ls e lublic
lolicy, lults Lnivcrsity
Ar:mai !c.or.i.gy (scmi+nnu+l, lommcrly lnc Institutc ol Anim+l
lccnnici+ns ]ourn+l) C+roill, Ll lnc Institutc ol Anim+l lccnnici+ns
ll +nim+l como sujcto cxpcrimcnt+l Aspcctos tccnicos y cticos
20S
Ar:mai \cijarc (quar|criy) lottcrs l+r, lcrts, Ll Lnivcrsitics lcocr+tion
lor Anim+l \cll+rc
Ar:mai \cijarc !rj.rma|:.r Ccr|cr `cwsic||cr (quar|criy) lcltsvillc, \o
Anim+l \cll+rc Inlorm+tion Ccntcr
Ar:mai \cijarc !rs|:|u|c uar|criy \+snington, lC Anim+l \cll+rc
Institutc
A`2CCAP! `cws quar|criy Glcn Osmono, Austr+li+ Austr+li+n +no
Ncw zc+l+no Council lor tnc C+rc ol Anim+ls in lcsc+rcn +no lc+cning
Ar.o:v.s La|:r.amcr:.ar.s ac Pr.au..:.r Ar:mai l+tin Amcric+n Associ+tion
ol Anim+l lroouction Vcnczucl+
Ar.o:v.s ac 2..|c.r:a lcp+rt+mcnto oc lroouccion Anim+l l+cult+o oc
Vctcrin+ri+ Lnivcrsio+o oc Coroob+, lsp+n+
Avar.cs cr Pr.au..:.r Ar:mai l+cult+o oc Cicnci+s Agronomic+s
Lnivcrsio+o oc Cnilc
Caraa:ar Ass..:a|:.r j.r Lao.ra|.ry Ar:mai \ca:.:rc `cwsic||cr C+n+oi+n
Associ+tion lor l+bor+tory Anim+l \coicinc
Caraa:ar Ass..:a|:.r j.r Lao.ra|.ry Ar:mai S.:cr.c `cwsic||cr C+n+oi+n
Associ+tion lor l+bor+tory Anim+l Scicncc
C.mpara|:vc !mmur.i.gy, \:.r.o:.i.gy ara !rjc.|:.us D:scascs Intcrn+tion+l
]ourn+l lor \coic+l +no Vctcrin+ry lcsc+rcncrs +no lr+ctitioncrs
(quar|criy) lxctcr, Ll llscvicr Scicncc
C.mpara|:vc Pa|o.i.gy 8uiic|:r quar|criy \+snington, lC lcgistry ol
Comp+r+tivc l+tnology, Ammco lorccs Institutc ol l+tnology
C.r|cmp.rary !.p:.s o:m.r|oiy Coroov+, lcnn Amcric+n Associ+tion
lor l+bor+tory Anim+l Scicncc
Currcr| Pr:ma|c Pcjcrcr.cs m.r|oiy Sc+ttlc \+snington lcgion+l lrim+tc
lcsc+rcn Ccntcr, Lnivcrsity ol \+snington
lilliogralia
209
!.i:a Pr:ma|.i.g:.a Intcrn+tion+l ]ourn+l ol lrim+tology (o-wcckly)
l+scl S l+rgcr
dumarc !rr.va|:.rs ara Ai|crra|:vcs pcr:.a:.ai \+snington Grovc, \o
lsycnologists lor tnc ltnic+l lrc+tmcnt ol Anim+ls
!LAP j.urrai quar|criy \+snington, lC Institutc ol l+bor+tory Anim+l
lcsourccs (IlAl), N+tion+l lcsc+rcn Council
!r|crra|:.rai 2.. 1caro..| arruai lonoon zoologic+l Socicty ol
lonoon
!oc j.ors d.p|:rs Ccr|cr j.r Ai|crra|:vcs |. Ar:mai !cs|:rg `cwsic||cr 3
:ssucs pcr ycar l+ltimorc Ccntcr lor Altcrn+tivcs to Anim+l lcsting
j.urrai .j \ca:.ai Pr:ma|.i.gy o:m.r|oiy Copcnn+gcn, lcnm+rk
\unksg++ro Intcrn+tion+l lublisncrs
j.urrai .j 2.. ara \:iai:jc \ca:.:rc quar|criy l+wrcncc, l+ns Amcric+n
Associ+tion ol zoo Vctcrin+ri+ns
Lao Ar:mai 11 :ssucs pcr ycar Ncw York N+turc lublisncrs
Lao.ra|.ry Ar:mai S.:cr.c o:m.r|oiy Coroov+, lcnn Amcric+n
Associ+tion lor l+bor+tory Anim+l Scicncc \+iling +oorcss 70 limbcr
Crcck lr, Coroov+, ln 3S01S
Lao.ra|.ry Ar:mais quar|criy ]ourn+l ol tnc l+bor+tory Anim+l Scicncc
Associ+tion lonoon l+bor+tory Anim+ls lto \+iling +oorcss lnc
lcgistcrco Olncc, l+bor+tory Anim+ls lto, 1 \impolc Strcct, lonoon
\l\ SAl, Lnitco lingoom
Lao.ra|.ry Pr:ma|c `cwsic||cr quar|criy lroviocncc, lI Scnricr
lcsc+rcn l+bor+tory, lrown Lnivcrsity
\.usc `cws Lc||cr scm:arruai Av+il+blc to tnc wcstcrn ncmispncrc +no
]+p+n lrom lnc ]+ckson l+bor+tory, l+r l+rbor, \l 0-o09, +v+il+blc
to otncr loc+tions lrom \rs A \ilcox \lC lxpcrimcnt+l lmbryology
ll +nim+l como sujcto cxpcrimcnt+l Aspcctos tccnicos y cticos
210
+no lcr+tology Lnit, \ooom+nstcmc lo+o, C+rsn+lton, Surrcy S\S -ll,
lngl+no
Cur Ar:mai \aras \+snington, lC \+ros
Pr:ma|cs A j.urrai .j Pr:ma|.i.gy quar|criy Aicni, ]+p+n ]+p+n \onkcy
Ccntrc
Pa| `cws Lc||cr scm:arruai Av+il+blc lrom lr l V Cr+mcr, co,
lcp+rtmcnt ol l+tnology, Scnool ol \coicinc, Lnivcrsity ol littsburgn,
littsburgn, lA 12o1
Pcs.ur.c Ott+w+, Ont+rio, C+n+o+ C+n+oi+n Council on Anim+l C+rc
SCA\ `cwsic||cr quar|criy lctncso+, \o Scicntists Ccntcr lor Anim+l
\cll+rc
\c|cr:rar:a \cx:.. l+cult+o oc \coicin+ Vctcrin+ri+ y zootccni+
Lnivcrsio+o N+cion+l Autonom+ oc \cxico
2c:|s.or:j| jucr \crsu.os|:cr|urac ]ourn+l ol lxpcrimcnt+l Anim+l Scicncc
(irrcgul+r, +pproxim+tcly o issucs pcr yc+r) ]cn+, Gcmm+ny Gust+v
liscncr Vcrl+g
2.. 8:.i.gy o:m.r|oiy Ncw York \ilcy-liss
2..i.g:.ai S..:c|y .j L.ra.r Symp.s:a arruai Oxloro Oxloro Scicncc
211
VIII. SLLLCCION DL ORGANIZACIONLS
RLLACIONADAS CON LA CILNCIA DL
ANIMALLS DL LAlORATORIO
Amcrican Association jor Accrcditation oj Iaboratory Animal Carc
(AAAIAC)(*), 11300 lockvillc likc, Suitc 1211, lockvillc, \l 20S2-
303 (tcl 301-231-33, l+x 301-231-S2S2, +ccrcoit@+++l+corg)
Actu+lmcntc Associ+tion lor Asscssmcnt +no Acrcoit+tion ol l+bor+tory
Anim+l C+rc Intcrn+tion+l (AAAlAC, Intcrn+tion+l)
Amcrican Association jor Iaboratory Animal Scicncc (AAIAS), 70
limbcr Crcck lrivc, Suitc , Coroov+, lN 3S01S (tcl 901-7--So20,
l+x 901-73-00-o, inlo@++l+sorg, nttp//www++l+sorg/)
Amcrican Collcgc oj Iaboratory Animal Mcdicinc (ACIAM), lr Cn+rlcs
\ \clncrson, lxccutivc lircctor, 200 Summcrwinos lrivc, C+ry, NC
2711 (tcl 919-S9-9S, l+x 919-S1-312o)
Amcrican Human Association (AHA), 23o \+ss+cnusctts Avcnuc, Nl,
Suitc 203, \+snington, lC 20002 (tcl 202--3-77S0, l+x 202--o-
32oo)
Amcrican Vctcrinary Mcdical Association (AVMA), 1931 Nortn
\c+cn+m lo+o, Suitc 100, Scn+umburg, Il o0173--3o0 (tcl S00-2-S-
2So2, l+x 70S-92-1329, nttp//www+vm+org/)
AnimaNaturalis (AN) Org+niz+cion intcrn+cion+l p+r+ l+ oclcns+ oc los
ocrccnos oc tooos los +nim+lcs, nttp//www+nim+n+tur+lisorg/inocx
pnp
ll +nim+l como sujcto cxpcrimcnt+l Aspcctos tccnicos y cticos
212
Animal Wcljarc Injormation Ccntcr (AWIC), N+tion+l Agricultur+l
libr+ry, tn loor, lcltsvillc, \l 2070-231 (tcl 301-0--o212, l+x
301-0--712, +wic@n+luso+gov, nttp//wwwn+luso+gov/+wic/ or
nttp//wwwn+luso+gov)
Animal Wcljarc Institutc (AWI), lO lox 3o0, \+snington, lC 20007
(tcl 202-337-2332, l+x 202-33S-9-7S, +wi@+wionlincorg)
Amcrican Socicty oj Iaboratory Animal Practitioncrs (ASIAP), lr
lr+oloro S Gooowin, ]r, Sccrct+ry - lrc+surcr, Lnivcrsity ol lcx+s,
\coic+l Scnool - ClA\C o-31 l+nnin Strcct, loom 1132 louston, lX
77030 - 101 (tcl 713-792-127 l+x 713-79---177)
Amcrican Socicty oj Primatologists (ASP), lcgion+l lrim+tc lcsc+rcn
Ccntcr, Lnivcrsity ol \+snington, Sc+ttlc, \A 9S19 (nttp//www+sp
org)
Asociacion Mcxicana dc la Cicncia dc los Animalcs dc Iaboratorio
(AMCAI) nttp//+mc+l2000tripoocom/
Association jor thc 8ritish Pharmaccutical Industry (A8PI), nttp//
www+bpiorguk
Association oj Primatc Vctcrinarians (APV), lr l+n l+lg+ro, Sccrct+ry,
Corning l+zlcton, 9200 lccsburg lurnpikc, Vicnn+, VA 221o2-1o99
(tcl 703-S93--00 cxt 390, l+x 703-79-o9-7)
Australia and Ncw 2caland Council jor thc Carc oj Animals in Rcscarch
and !caching (AN2CCAR!) lnc lxccutivc Olnccr, lO lox 19, Glcn
Osmono, Soutn Austr+li+ 0o- (tcl + o1-S-303-7393, l+x + o1-S-303-
7113, +nzcc+rt@w+itc+ocl+ioccou+u, nttp//www+ocl+ioccou+u/
ANzCCAll/), ANzCCAll Ncw zc+l+no, lnc lxccutivc Olnccr, C/-
Organizacioncs
213
8ritish Union jor thc Abolition oj Viviscction (8UAV), nttp//www
bu+vorg
Canadian Association jor Iaboratory Animal Mcdicinc/I`Association
canadicnnc dc la mcdccinc dcs animaux dc laboratoirc (CAIAM/
ACMAI), lr lrcno+ Cross, Sccrct+ry-lrc+surcr, 102 Anim+l lcsourccs
Ccntcr, 120 \+intcn+ncc lo+o, Lnivcrsity ol S+sk+tcncw+n, S+sk+toon,
S+sk+tcncw+n C+n+o+ S7N C-
Canadian Association jor Iaboratory Animal Scicncc/I`association
canadicnnc pour la tcchnologic dcs animcaux laboratoirc (CAIAS/
AC!AI), lr lon+lo \cl+y, lxccutivc Sccrct+ry, C\-01 liologic+l
Scicncc luiloing, lioscicncc Anim+l Scrvicc, Lnivcrsity ol Albcrt+,
lomonton, Albcrt+, C+n+o loG 2l9 (tcl -03--92-193, l+x -03--92-
727, omck+y@gpusrvu+lbcrt+c+)
Canadian Council on Animal Carc (CCAC), Constitution Su+rc, lowcr
II, 31-30 Albcrt, Ott+w+, Ont+rio, C+n+o l1l 1l1 (tcl o13-23S-
-031, l+x o13-23S-2S37, cc+c@c+rlctonc+)
Ccntcr jor Altcrnativcs to Animal !csting (CAA!), ]onns lopkins
Lnivcrsity, 111 \+rkct ll+cc, Suitc S-0, l+ltimorc, \l 21202-o709 (tcl
-10-223-1o93, l+x -10-223-1o03, c++t@jnunygspnjnucou, nttp//
c++tjnspncou/)
Ccntcr jor Animals and Public Policy, lults Lnivcrsity, Scnool ol
Vctcrin+ry \coicinc, 200 \cstboro lo+o, N Gr+lton, \A 013o (tcl
0S-S39-7991, l+x 0S-S39-293, opc+sc@op+ltultscou)
Colcgio 8rasilciro dc Lxpcrimcntaao Animal (CO8LA) lu+ lronsnclo
n -21 cj o7 l+p+ - Cll 007--000 So l+ulo - Sl - lr+sil lonos (11)
3S31-S-S0/ 3S3o-232
ll +nim+l como sujcto cxpcrimcnt+l Aspcctos tccnicos y cticos
21-
Luropcan Ccntrc jor thc Validation oj Altcrnativc Mcthods (LCVAM),
nttp//wwwjrcccccuint
Icdcration oj Luropcan Iaboratory Animal Scicncc Associations
(ILIASA) nttp//wwwlcl+s+org /2Sn+ltcsbury Avcnuc lonoon \1l
7lG, Lnitco lingoom, jguillcn@un+vcs
Ioundation jor 8iomcdical Rcscarch (I8R), S1S Conncticut Avcnuc,
N\, Suitc 303, \+snington, lC 2000o (tcl 202--7-0o-, l+x 202-
-7-0o9, n+brlbr@+cccssoigcxnct, nttp//wwwlbrcsc+rcnorg/)
Iund jor thc Rcplaccmcnt oj Animals in Mcdical Lxpcrimcnts (IRAML),
nttp//wwwlr+mcorguk
Institutc oj Animal !cchnology (IA!), nttp//wwwi+torguk
Institutc oj Iaboratory Animal Rcsourccs (IIAR), N+tion+l lcsc+rcn
Council, N+tion+l Ac+ocmy ol Scicnccs, 2101 Constitution Avcnuc,
N\, \+snington, lC 20-1S (tcl 202-33--290, l+x 202-33--1oS7,
IlAl@n+scou, IlAl ]ourn+l IlAl]@n+scou, N+tion+l Ac+ocmy ol
Scicnccs nttp//wwwn+scou/)
Intcrnational Council jor Iaboratory Animal Scicncc (ICIAS), lr Stcvcn
l+kcs, Sccrct+ry Gcncr+l, livision ol Comp+r+tivc \coicinc, Lnivcrsity
ol lcx+s Soutnwcstcrn \coic+l Ccntcr, 323 l+rry lincs loulcv+ro,
l+ll+s, lX (tcl 21--o-S-33-0, l+x 21--o-S-2o9, sp+kcs@mconct
swmcocou)
johns Hophins Ccntcr jor Altcrnativcs to Animal !csting (CAA!), nttp//
c++tjnspncou/
Iaboratory Animal Managcmcnt Association (IAMA), \r l+ul
Scnwickcrt, l+st-lrcsiocnt lO lox 17--, Silvcr Spring, \l 2091 (tcl
313-77-1-1S, l+x 313-77-S90)
Organizacioncs
21
Iaboratory Animals Scicncc Association (IASA), nttp//wwwl+s+
couk
Iaboratory Animal Vctcrinary Association (IAVA), nttp//wwwl+v+vct
org
Massachusctts Socicty jor thc Prcvcntion oj Cruclty to Animals/Amcrican
Humanc Lducation Socicty (MSPCA/AHLS), 30 Soutn luntington
Avcnuc, loston, \A 02130 (tcl o17-22-7-00, l+x o17-22--SS)
National Association jor 8iomcdical Rcscarch (NA8R), S1S Connccticut
Avcnuc, N\, Suitc 303, \+snington, lC 2000o (tcl 202-S7-0-0, l+x
202-o9-1902, n+brlbr@+cccssoigcxnct, nttp//wwwn+brorg)
National Anti-Viviscction Socicty (NAVS), nttp//wwwn+vsorg
Ojcc oj Iaboratory Animal Wcljarc (OIAW), N+tion+l Institutcs ol
lc+ltn, o100 lxccutivc llvo, Suitc 3l01, lockvillc, \l 20S92 (tcl
301--9o-71o3, l+x 301--02-2S03)
Primatc Injormation Ccntcr, Rcgional Primatc Rcscarch Ccntcr S]-0,
Lnivcrsity ol \+snington, Sc+ttlc, \A 9S19 (tcl 20o--3--37o, l+x
20o-So-030)
Primatc Supply Injormation Clcaringhousc (PSIC), C+tny A ]onnson-
lcl+ny, lircctor, lcgion+l lrim+tc lcsc+rcn Ccntcr, S]-0 Lnivcrsity ol
\+nington, Sc+ttlc, \A 9S19 (tcl 20o--3-17S, l+x 20o-oS-030,
c+tnyoj@b+rtrprcw+sningtoncou)
Purina Mills, Inc., 0 Nortn -tn +no l Strcct, licnmono, IN -737-
Royal Socicty jor thc Prcvcntion oj Cruclty to Animals (RSPCA), nttp//
wwwrspc+orguk
ll +nim+l como sujcto cxpcrimcnt+l Aspcctos tccnicos y cticos
21o
Scicntists Ccntcr jor Animal Wcljarc (SCAW), 7S33 \+lkcr lrivc, Suitc
3-0, Grccnbclt, \l 20770 (tcl 301-3--300, l+x 301-3--303)
Socicdad Lspanola para las Cicncias dcl Animal dc Iaboratorio
(SLCAI), nttp//wwwscc+lcs/
!hc Royal Socicty oj Ncw 2caland, lO lox 9S, \cllington, Ncw
zc+l+no (tcl + o-----72-7-21, l+x + o-----73-1S-1, +nzcc+rt@rsnz
govtnz, nttp//www+ocl+ioccou+u/ANzCCAll/)
!hc Human Socicty oj thc Unitcd Statcs (HSUS), 2100 l Strcct,
N\, \+snington, lC 20037 (tcl 202--2-1100, l+x 301-2S-30S2,
lSLSlAl@ixnctcomcom)
Undcrstanding Animal Rcscarch in Mcdicinc (antcriormcntc Rcscarch
Dcjcncc Socicty RDS), nttp//wwwrosonlincorguk
Univcrsitics Icdcration jor Animal Wcljarc (UIAW), S l+milton Closc,
Soutn \imms, lottcrs l+r, lcrts lNo 3Ql, Lnitco lingoom (tcl ---
707-S202, l+x ---707--9279)
Unitcd Statcs Dcpartmcnt oj Agriculturc, Animal and Plant Hcalth
Inspcction Scrvicc, Rcgulatory Lnjorccmcnt oj Animal Carc (RLAC),
-700 livcr lo+o, Lnit S-, livcro+lc, \l 20737-123- (tcl 301-73--
-9S1, l+x 301-73---32S, sstitn@+pnisuso+gov)
Wisconsin Rcgional Primatc Rcscarch Ccntcr (WRPRC) Iibrary,
Lnivcrsity ol \isconsin, 1220 C+pitol Court, \+oison, \I 371-
1299(tcl o0S-2o3-312, l+x o0S-2o3--031, libr+ry@prim+tcwisc
cou, nttp//wwwprim+tcwisccou/\lllC)
217
IX. GLOSARIO
Acioo lcsoxirribonuclcico (AlN) cioo nuclcico lorm+oo por
nuclcotioos cn los uc cl +zuc+r cs ocsoxirribos+ y l+s b+scs nitrogcn+o+s
son +ocnin+, timin+, citosin+ y gu+nin+ lxccpto cn los rctrovirus uc
ticncn AlN, cl AlN cooinc+ l+ inlorm+cion p+r+ l+ rcproouccion y
luncion+micnto oc l+s cclul+s y p+r+ l+ rcplic+cion oc l+ propi+ molccul+
oc AlN lcprcscnt+ l+ copi+ oc scgurio+o o ocposito oc l+ inlorm+cion
gcnctic+ prim+ri+, uc cn l+s cclul+s cuc+riotic+s cst connn+o+ cn l+
c+j+ lucrtc ocl nuclco cioo ocsoxirribonuclcico ls cl constituycntc oc
los gcncs, molccul+s uc conticncn l+ inlorm+cion gcnctic+ oc lorm+
cooinc+o+
Acioo libonuclcico (AlN) \olccul+ oc cioo nuclcico oc un+ sol+ nclicc
prooucio+ por l+ tr+scripcion ocl AlN Consistc oc un+ l+rg+ c+ocn+ oc
nuclcotioos, cuy+ sccucnci+ octcrmin+ cl contcnioo inlorm+tivo oc l+
molccul+ lucoc tr+oucirsc p+r+ lorm+r un+ protcn+ o tcncr un+ luncion
cspccnc+ oircct+ lxistcn v+rios tipos oc lNA lNA-mcns+jcro (m-lNA),
lNA oc tr+nslcrcnci+ (t-lNA), lNA ribosomico (r-lNA)
Aa i:o:|um A volunt+o, sin lmitc
Aoyuv+ntc Quc +yuo+, cspcci+lmcntc rclcrioo + l+ sust+nci+ uc
+oministr+o+ con un +ntgcno, o prcvi+mcntc + cstc, +umcnt+ l+ lorm+cion
oc +nticucrpos
Altcrn+tiv+ \ctooo +ltcrn+tivo uc no signinuc us+r +nim+lcs
Ancstcsi+ lcroio+ oc l+ concicnci+ o oc l+ scns+cion +rtinci+lmcntc
inoucio+
ll +nim+l como sujcto cxpcrimcnt+l Aspcctos tccnicos y cticos
21S
An+lgcsi+ Auscnci+ o oisminucion ocl oolor
An+lgcsico \coic+mcnto uc libcr+ ocl oolor
Anticucrpo Cl+sc oc protcn+ prooucio+ por cl sistcm+ inmunc uc
rc+ccion+ con +ntgcnos (cu+luicr sust+nci+ rcconocio+ por cl sistcm+
inmunc como 'no propi+`) cspccncos cxtr+nos y los ncutr+liz+
Antimicrobi+no Agcntc uc m+t+ o innibc cl crccimicnto oc microorg+-
nismos
Antiscptico Agcntc umico uc sc +plic+ topic+mcntc p+r+ m+t+r o in-
nibir cl crccimicnto y rcproouccion oc microorg+nismos
Ascpsis lrcvcncion oc cont+min+cion microbiologic+ por cxclusion, rc-
mocion o ocstruccion oc microorg+nismos
Autocl+vc lstcriliz+oor por v+por consistcntc cn un+ cm+r+ construio+
p+r+ soport+r l+ prcsion rcucrio+ p+r+ l+ cstcriliz+cion cn cl ticmpo
+occu+oo
Autonom+ cs cl bcncncio oc l+ pcrson+ oc +ctu+r c+p+zmcntc (psico-
juoici+lmcntc) l+r+ cjcrccr cstc principio cs luno+mcnt+l uc l+ pcrson+
cucntc con too+ l+ inlorm+cion uc sc+ ncccs+ri+ ll principio oc +uto-
nom+, postul+oo por lc+ucn+mp y Cnilorcss cn cl m+rco oc su tcor+ oc
los principios, sc ocnnc como +utogobicrno l+s conoicioncs p+r+ cjcrccr
l+ +utonom+ son cl conocimicnto y l+ comprcnsion p+r+ tom+r un+ oc-
cision y l+ +uscnci+ oc co+ccioncs intcrn+s y cxtcrn+s p+r+ llcv+r + c+bo
librcmcntc lo uc sc n+ occioioo Sc oicc uc los +nim+lcs c+rcccn oc
+utonom+ p+r+ p+rticip+r cn invcstig+cion por c+rcccr oc conocimicnto
y comprcnsion oc lo uc cs un+ invcstig+cion
Axcnico Cultivo uc prcscnt+ unic+mcntc un org+nismo Cultivo puro
Glosario
219
lcncnccnci+ lropico+o oc un +cto Consistc cn +port+r un bcncncio ln
scntioo +mplio, implic+ c+rio+o, bono+o, gcncrosio+o, miscricoroi+, ctc
ll principio oc bcncnccnci+, postul+oo por lc+ucn+mp y Cnilorcss cn
cl m+rco oc su tcor+ oc los principios, rcmitc + l+ oblig+cion mor+l oc
+ctu+r cn bcncncio oc otros
liooisponibilio+o Gr+oo o vclocio+o por cl uc un lrm+co u otr+
sust+nci+ cs +bsorbioo y sc n+ll+ oisponiblc cn cl lug+r oc +ccion ocl
cucrpo ocspucs oc scr +oministr+oo
liooivcrsio+o Conjunto oc too+s l+s cspccics oc pl+nt+s y +nim+lcs, su
m+tcri+l gcnctico y los ccosistcm+s oc los uc lorm+n p+rtc
lioctic+ lcrmino rccicntc, oc origcn +nglos+jon, uc sc +plic+ + +ucll+
p+rtc oc l+ ctic+ cuyo objcto cs cl cstuoio oc los problcm+s mor+lcs uc
surgcn cn l+ +ctivio+o mcoic+, cn l+s invcstig+cioncs biologic+s y cn
l+s cicnci+s oc l+ vio+ cn gcncr+l l+y un ooblc mooo oc cntcnocr cl
objcto oc l+ bioctic+ cl uc lo limit+ + l+s cicnci+s oc l+ s+luo, uc cs l+
postur+ n+bitu+l, oclcnoio+ por cjcmplo por l lristr+m lngcln+rot (vcr
rclcrcnci+), y cl uc lo +mpl+ + too+s l+s cicnci+s biologic+s cn cu+nto
busc+n mcjor+r l+ c+lio+o oc l+ vio+ num+n+ l+s r+zoncs, o l+ctorcs,
ocl ocs+rrollo oc cst+ oisciplin+ son, por un l+oo, los +v+nccs cicntnco-
tccnicos prooucioos cn los ultimos +nos cn l+ biolog+ y l+ mcoicin+
(cn ingcnicr+ gcnctic+, tccnic+s oc rcproouccion +sistio+, tr+spl+ntc
oc org+nos, oivcrsos +v+nccs cn proccoimicntos +plic+blcs + tccnic+s
oc cut+n+si+ y cugcncsi+), y, por otro, cl crccicntc c+rctcr plur+l y no
conlcsion+l oc l+ socico+o Surgc cntonccs l+ ncccsio+o oc un+ tcor+ ctic+
r+cion+l uc puco+ luno+mcnt+r y justinc+r los juicios mor+lcs uc sc
cmit+n cn l+ socico+o +ctu+l, c+r+ctcriz+o+ por cl plur+lismo iocologico y
l+ sccul+rio+o
liol+rm+ccutico lrm+co mcoicin+l prooucioo por biotccnolog+
ll +nim+l como sujcto cxpcrimcnt+l Aspcctos tccnicos y cticos
220
lioscgurio+o Norm+s cspccnc+s oc scgurio+o uc ocbcn poncrsc cn
prctic+ cn cl rc+ ocl tr+b+jo oc l+ s+luo Su nn cs prcvcnir cl cont+gio
oc oivcrs+s cnlcrmco+ocs
liotccnolog+ loo+ +plic+cion tccnologic+ uc utilicc sistcm+s biologicos
y org+nismos vivos o sus ocriv+oos p+r+ l+ crc+cion o mooinc+cion oc
proouctos o proccsos cn usos cspccncos
C+nul+cion Introouccion oc un+ cnul+ o tubo orol+rngco curvo y
scmirrgioo uc sc us+ p+r+ m+ntcncr cxpcoit+ l+ v+ +crc+, impioicnoo
uc l+ lcngu+ y l+ muscul+tur+ l+rngc+ l+ obstruy+n
C+rcinogcnicio+o C+p+cio+o oc un+ sust+nci+ oc prooucir cnccr
C+tctcr Instrumcnto simil+r + un tubo uc sc inscrt+ + tr+vcs oc un+
vcn+
cAlN Sccucnci+ oc AlN complcmcnt+ri+ +l AlN mcns+jcro
Cclul+ l+ unio+o cstructur+l y luncion+l oc un org+nismo
Citotoxicio+o loxicio+o cn l+s cclul+s
Coito Lnion scxu+l cn los +nim+lcs supcriorcs
Cromosom+s Agrcg+oos oc lNA y protcn+s, ll+m+o+s niston+s, uc
sc lorm+n + p+rtir oc l+ crom+tin+ our+ntc l+ oivision cclul+r los
cromosom+s conticncn l+ inlorm+cion gcnctic+
Cultivo cclul+r Cclul+s m+ntcnio+s viv+s o vi+blcs cn lr+scos oc cultivo
cn cl l+bor+torio, + tr+vcs oc proccsos oc simul+cion ocl mcoio nsiologico
uc cs rccmpl+z+oo por nutricntcs y tcmpcr+tur+ +occu+oos p+r+ cllo
lclcc+cion lxpulsion +n+l oc los cxcrcmcntos
Glosario
221
lr+m+tipo Sum+tori+ oc l+s c+r+ctcrstic+s gcnctic+s, s+nit+ri+s y
+mbicnt+lcs oc un org+nismo p+r+ scr us+oo cn invcstig+cion
lnoolor+ Conjunto oc microorg+nismos ocl sistcm+ oigcstivo
losinopcni+ l+jo numcro oc lcucocitos cosinollicos cn l+ s+ngrc
lut+n+si+ Acto oc m+t+r + un scr vivo oc l+ m+ncr+ mcnos ooloros+
posiblc
lxpcrimcnto l+rtc oc l+ mctooolog+ oc un proyccto oc invcstig+cion
uc ticnc cl proposito oc rcsponocr un+ cucstion tcoric+ cspccnc+
lccunoio+o lcrtilio+o, c+p+cio+o oc prooucir ocsccnocnci+
lotocstrcsor lstrcs c+us+oo por l+ luz
Gcn lcgion ocl AlN uc control+ l+s c+r+ctcrstic+s ncrco+o+s oc un
org+nismo
Gcnctic+ lcrcnci+ oc v+ri+cioncs
Gcnom+ ll tot+l ocl complcmcnto gcnctico oc un+ cclul+, inoiviouo o
cspccic uc sc conticnc cn su AlN
Gcnotipo Constitucion gcnctic+ oc un inoiviouo uc suby+cc l+s
c+r+ctcrstic+s obscrv+blcs (lcnotipo)
Gcnotoxicio+o l+no +l AlN uc pucoc promovcr cl ocs+rrollo oc cnccr
o, si ocurrc cn los g+mctos, c+us+r mut+cioncs ncrco+blcs
Gcrmcn \icroorg+nismo uc pucoc c+us+r o prop+g+r cnlcrmco+ocs
Gcst+cion licmpo oc our+cion ocl cmb+r+zo
ll +nim+l como sujcto cxpcrimcnt+l Aspcctos tccnicos y cticos
222
Gnotoxcnico Anim+l librc oc gcrmcncs
Gnobiotico lorm+ oc vio+ no p+togcnic+
Gr+nvoro Anim+l uc sc +limcnt+ oc gr+no
Grvio+ lcmbr+ prcn+o+
l+rcn Grupo oc ncmbr+s uc convivcn con un unico m+cno
lllA d:go Lj.:cr.y Par|:.uia|c A:r (liltros oc Airc l+rticul+oo oc Alt+
lncicnci+) Son us+oos p+r+ g+r+ntiz+r cl +mbicntc librc oc b+ctcri+s y
p+rtcul+s cont+min+ntcs cn l+s s+l+s oc +nim+lcs oc cxpcrimcnt+cion
lcrvboro Anim+l uc sc +limcnt+ oc nicrb+s o pl+nt+s
libcrn+cion lst+oo oc +lct+rg+micnto con oisminucion gcncr+l oc l+s
luncioncs mct+bolic+s y tcmpcr+tur+ + uc cstn sujctos +lgunos +nim+lcs
our+ntc l+ cst+cion lr+
lbrioo ll prooucto oc un crucc gcnctico cntrc oos r+z+s, cspccics o
lnc+s cclul+rcs
lormon+ \olccul+ sccrct+o+ por un+ glnoul+ cnoocrin+ cn l+ s+ngrc,
uc rcgul+ cl ocs+rrollo y +ctivio+ocs oc cclul+s cspccnc+s ocl cucrpo
Invcrtcbr+oo Anim+lcs sin column+ vcrtcbr+l
!r v:|r. lc+liz+oo cn un tubo oc cns+yo ocl l+bor+torio, invcstig+oo y
m+nipul+oo lucr+ ocl org+nismo vivo
!r v:v. lroccso o proccoimicnto rc+liz+oo cn un org+nismo vivo
lcisnm+ni+ lrotozoo l+gcl+oo uc c+us+ l+ cnlcrmco+o oc lcism+ni+sis,
tr+nsmitio+ por un mosuito
Glosario
223
lcptospirosis lnlcrmco+o inlcccios+ c+us+o+ por l+ cspirouct+
lcptospir+ uc c+us+ ictcrici+, oolor muscul+r, ncbrc y +lcccion rcn+l
lnc+ cclul+r lobl+cion oc cclul+s uc pucocn prolilcr+r inocnnio+mcn-
tc cn cultivo
L..: llur+l oc i..us (l+tn) lug+r ocup+oo por un octcrmin+oo gcn o por
su +lclo cn un p+r cromosomico
\iccion lxpulsion oc l+ orin+
\ooinc+cion gcnctic+ \ooinc+cion ocl m+tcri+l ncrcoit+rio oc un org+-
nismo us+noo l+ tccnic+ oc l+ ingcnicr+ gcnctic+
\onog+mi+ Lnion scxu+l con un+ sol+ p+rcj+
\ut+cion c+mbio cn cl m+tcri+l gcnctico uc sc prooucc oc lorm+
cspontnc+ o inoucio+ y uc mooinc+ l+ cxprcsion origin+l ocl gcn
Nocivo l+nino, pcrnicioso, pcrjuoici+l
Omnvoro Anim+l uc sc +limcnt+ oc too+ cl+sc oc sust+nci+s orgnic+s,
t+nto +nim+lcs como vcgct+lcs
Ovul+r lc+liz+r l+ ovul+cion o cxpulsion oc ovulos (cclul+ rcproouctiv+
lcmcnin+) ocl ov+rio
l+rsito Org+nismo uc vivc + cost+ oc otro oc oistint+ cspccic,
+limcntnoosc oc l+s sust+nci+s uc cstc cl+bor+ y pcrjuoicnoolc, +un
sin llcg+r + prooucirlc l+ mucrtc
l+togcno Agcntc uc c+us+ un+ cnlcrmco+o
lcllct l+st+ o p+still+ lrooucto oc conccntr+cion por ccntrilug+ oc
+lgunos componcntcs cclul+rcs
ll +nim+l como sujcto cxpcrimcnt+l Aspcctos tccnicos y cticos
22-
lirctogcno Quc prooucc ncbrc
lolicstric+ lcmbr+ uc ticnc v+rios pcrooos oc cclo + lo l+rgo ocl +no
lrincipio lo uc cs luno+mcnto, origcn y comicnzo, t+nto ocl
pcns+micnto (+spccto cpistcmologico y logico) como ocl +p+rcccr oc l+s
cos+s (+spccto ontologico)
lroccoimicnto Combin+cion oc un+ o ms intcrvcncioncs tccnic+s cn un
+nim+l p+r+ propositos cicntncos oc cxpcrimcnt+cion, uc pucoc inligir
oolor, sulrimicnto, +ngusti+ o molcsti+ our+ocr+
lrogcnic lcsccnocnci+ oc un org+nismo
lrotcn+ \olccul+ consistcntc oc un+ l+rg+ c+ocn+ oc +minocioos,
conlorm+o+ cn un+ cstructur+ tcrci+ri+ (trioimcnsion+l) cspccnc+ uc
octcrmin+ su luncion los gcncs cooinc+n + l+s protcn+s, l+s cu+lcs son
ncccs+ri+s p+r+ c+si tooos los proccsos oc l+ vio+
Quimcr+ Org+nismo nccno oc cclul+s ocriv+o+s oc oos org+nismos
gcnctic+mcntc oistintos
lcccptor \olccul+ oc un+ cclul+ uc, cspccnc+mcntc, rcconocc + otr+
molccul+ scn+l cxtcrn+ + l+ cclul+, t+l como un ncurotr+nsmisor o un+
normon+
locoor Orocn oc los m+mlcros, c+r+ctcriz+oo por posccr un unico p+r
oc oicntcs incisivos oc gr+n t+m+no, gcncr+lmcntc oc pcucno t+m+no,
con cl cucrpo cubicrto oc pclos y vcgct+ri+no
Somtico lcl+tivo +l cucrpo A mcnuoo sc oistinguc cntrc cclul+s
somtic+s oc un +nim+l, uc no ocj+n inlorm+cion gcnctic+ cu+noo
cl +nim+l mucrc, y cclul+s gcrmin+lcs, uc pucocn p+s+r inlorm+cion
gcnctic+ + l+ proxim+ gcncr+cion
Glosario
22
lcr+togcncsis lclcctos cn cl ocs+rrollo ocl cmbrion
loxicio+o C+p+cio+o p+r+ c+us+r o+no + cclul+s u org+nismos
lr+nsgcnico Org+nismo gcnctic+mcntc mooinc+oo
V+cun+ lrcp+r+cion +ntigcnic+ p+r+ cstimul+r un+ rcspucst+ inmunc, con
cl nn oc protcgcr + un inoiviouo contr+ un+ cnlcrmco+o (gcncr+lmcntc
un+ cnlcrmco+o inlcccios+) l+s v+cun+s cxpcrimcnt+lcs p+r+ tr+t+r
cnlcrmco+ocs sc prucb+n mcoi+ntc cns+yos clnicos
Vcrtcbr+oo Anim+l con column+ vcrtcbr+l
zoonosis lnlcrmco+o tr+nsmisiblc ocl +nim+l +l nombrc o viccvcrs+
zoonotic+ lcl+tivo + un+ cnlcrmco+o tr+nsmisiblc ocl +nim+l +l nombrc
o viccvcrs+
227
AGRADLCIMILNTOS
Al Instituto oc liotccnolog+, p+rticul+rmcntc + su lircctor+, l+ loc-
tor+ lolly \ontoy+, uc sicmprc n+ cspcr+oo cont+r con +nim+lcs oc
c+lio+o cn l+ invcstig+cion biologic+ y biomcoic+ uc sc rc+liz+ cn Co-
lombi+ A l+s p+s+ntcs ocl Colcgio \+yor oc Cunoin+m+rc+, Alcx+nor+
lomcro, ]on+nn+ lusso, ]on+nn+ Orouz, I+nni l+rrcr+, lyo+ loorgucz,
uicncs rcvis+ron l+ litcr+tur+ oisponiblc A Const+nz+ \+rtncz l+s-
tr+n+, tcsist+ oc l+ l+cult+o oc Ooontolog+, uc contribuyo ocsoc su
pcrspcctiv+ +l lcv+nt+micnto oc tcxtos A N+t+ly lurt+oo, +sistcntc oc
l+ lco oc lioctic+, y + Y+nctn C+m+rgo, tccnic+ oc l+bor+torio, uc p+r-
ticip+ron cn too+s nucstr+s +ctivio+ocs cn cl c+mpo oc los +nim+lcs oc
cxpcrimcnt+cion ocsoc l+ +pcrtur+ ocl l+bor+torio, cn 2002