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Chng 1: Hm Boole v cng logic

1.1 I S BOOLE
1.1.1 Cc nh l c bn

IN T S

Chng 1: Hm Boole v cng logic


1.1.2 Cc nh lut c bn

IN T S

Chng 1: Hm Boole v cng logic


1.1.3 Ba quy tc v ng thc 1.1.3.1 Quy tc thay th: Thay mt bin no bng mt hm s th ng thc vn ng.

1.1.3.2 Quy tc tm o ca hm s: Php o ca hm s c thc hin bng cch i du nhn thnh du cng v ngc li; i 0 thnh 1 v ngc li; i bin nguyn thnh bin o v ngc li(du o hm nhiu bin gi nguyn).

IN T S

Chng 1: Hm Boole v cng logic


1.1.3.3 Quy tc i ngu: Hm F v F l i ngu vi nhau khi cc du cng v du nhn; s 0 v s 1 i ch cho nhau mt cch tng ng.

IN T S

Chng 1: Hm Boole v cng logic


1.2 CC PHNG PHP BIU DIN HM BOOLE
Tng quan: Hm s Boole c biu din qua bng trng thi, biu thc hoc ba Karnaugh.

IN T S

Chng 1: Hm Boole v cng logic


1.2.1 Biu din hm Boole bng bng trng thi Bng trng thi ca hm Boole 2 bin: biu din cho mch s c 2 ng vo. Input Output

B
0 0 1

A
0 1 0

Y
0 0 1

Hm Boole 2 bin

Y =B.A
(Ng ra Y bng 1 khi B=1 v A=0)

IN T S

Chng 1: Hm Boole v cng logic


V d: Xc nh biu thc, ba Karnaugh t bng hot ng
Bng hot ng Biu thc ng ra:
Y 1 =BA (1,3) = B.A+BA
Y2 =
BA

Input B 0 0 1 1

Output
(0,3) = B.A+B.A

A Y1 Y2 Y3 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1

1
0 0 1

1
0 1 0

Y 3 = BA (0,2) = B.A+B.A

IN T S

Chng 1: Hm Boole v cng logic


Bng trng thi ca hm Boole 3 bin: biu din cho mch s c 3 ng vo. Input Out
C 0 0 0 B 0 0 1 A 0 1 0 Y 0 0 0

Biu thc hm Boole 3 bin


Y = C. B. A + C. B . A + C .B . A

0
1 1

1
0 0

1
0 1

1
0 1 (Ng ra Y b ng 1 khi CBA=011 hoc =101 hoc =110)

1
1
IN T S

1
1

0
1

1
0

Chng 1: Hm Boole v cng logic


Bng trng thi ca hm Boole 4 bin
D 0 0 0 0 0 C 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 B 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 A 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 Y 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1

Bng trng thi ca hm Boole 4 bin biu din cho mch s c 4 ng vo.
Biu thc hm Boole 4 bin
Y D = D C + B A + DCBA C BA

0 0 0 1 1 1

(Ng ra Y bng 1 khi DCBA=0101 hoc =1011 hoc =1111)


IN T S

1 1 1 1 1

Chng 1: Hm Boole v cng logic


1.2.2 Biu din hm Boole bng hm s

Dng tng

Dng tch

IN T S

Chng 1: Hm Boole v cng logic


1.2.3 Biu din hm Boole bng ba Karnaugh Ba Karnaugh 2 bin
Y1 B A 0
0

Y1=

BA

(1,3) =B. A+B. A

1
1

1
2

1
3

IN T S

Chng 1: Hm Boole v cng logic


Ba Karnaugh 3 bin
Y BA 00 C 0 1
0

01
1

11 1
3

10
2

1
4 5 7

1
6

Y = C .B.A = =

C .B.A

C .B .A

CBA CBA

( 011 ,101 ,110 )

( 3,5,6 )

IN T S

Chng 1: Hm Boole v cng logic


Ba Karnaugh 4 bin
Y BA DC 00
0 1 3 2

00

01

11

10

01
4

1
5 7 6

11
12 13

1
15 14 10 8 9

10

11

Y = = =
IN T S

D CB A +
DCBA DCBA

D C BA ,1011

+ DCBA ,1111 )

( 0101

( 5 ,11 ,15 )

Chng 1: Hm Boole v cng logic


1.3 CC PHNG PHP RT GN HM
Tng quan: gm c cc phng php sau
Phng php i s Phng php ba Karnaugh Rt gn hm logic rng buc Phng php Quine Mc.Cluskey

IN T S

Chng 1: Hm Boole v cng logic


1.3.1 Rt gn bng phng php i s

Gii:

IN T S

Chng 1: Hm Boole v cng logic


1.3.1 Rt gn mch s

Mch s

Biu thc ng ra
Rt gn

Biu thc mi Mch s mi


IN T S

Chng 1: Hm Boole v cng logic

Biu thc ng ra:

Y = (A+B) . (A+B+C) . C
Y = (A+B). (A+B+C) . C
Rt gn: = C.B.A+ C.B.A+ CB.B

=C.B
IN T S

Chng 1: Hm Boole v cng logic


1.3.2 Rt gn bng phng php ba Karnaugh

Quy tc rt gn:
-Nhm 2N k cn hoc i xng.

-Nhm 2N th rt gn c N bin.

- Bin c rt gn l bin c hai trng thi(o v khng o)

IN T S

Chng 1: Hm Boole v cng logic


V d: Rt gn Y 1 = BA (1, 3) = BA+ BA = ?
Y1

B A
0

1 1
0

A
1

1
2

1
3

(gom 2 (1,3): B c hai trng thi 0 v 1 nn c n gin. Kt qu = A).

IN T S

Chng 1: Hm Boole v cng logic


V d: Rt gn Y =
Y BA C 0 1

11

CBA

(3,4,6,7)

00 0

01 1 5

10 3 7 2

1
4

Gom 2 (3,7) = BA Gom 2 (4,6)= C.A


IN T S

Y = BA+C A

Chng 1: Hm Boole v cng logic


V d: Rt gn Y = DCBA (3,4,7,8,9,10,11,12,15)
Y BA DC 00
0 1

00

01

11

10

Gom 4 (3,7,15,11)= BA
2

1
3

Gom 4 (8,9,11,10)= DC Gom 2 (4,12)= C.B.A

01 11

1 1

1
4 5 7 6

1
12 13 15 14

10

18

19

1 11

1 10

Y = BA+ DC +C.B.A

IN T S

Chng 1: Hm Boole v cng logic


Trng hp hm ty nh(dont care): Hm Boole n bin c th khng c nh ngha ht tt c 2n t hp ca n bin ph thuc. Khi ti cc t hp khng s dng ny, hm Boole s nhn gi tr ty nh (dont care), ngha l hm Boole c th nhn gi tri 0 hoc 1. x y z
F (x, y, z) = (1, 2, 5, 6) + d (0, 7) = (3, 4) . D (0, 7)
0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1

F
X 1 1 0 0 1 1 X

IN T S

Chng 1: Hm Boole v cng logic


1.3.3 Rt gn bng phng php Quine Mc.Cluskey Bc 1. Lp bng lit k cc hng tch di dng nh phn theo tng nhm vi s bit 1 ging nhau v xp chng theo s bit 1 tng dn.
IN T S

Chng 1: Hm Boole v cng logic


1.3.3 Phng php Quine Mc.Cluskey (tt) Bc 2. Gp 2 hng tch ca mi cp nhm ch khc nhau 1 bit to cc nhm mi. Trong mi nhm mi, gi li cc bin ging nhau, bin b i thay bng mt du ngang (-).
IN T S

Chng 1: Hm Boole v cng logic


1.3.3 Phng php Quine Mc.Cluskey (tt) Bc 3. Lp li cho n khi trong cc nhm to thnh khng cn kh nng gp na. Bc 4. thay du gch ngang bng cc gi tr 0 v 1 sau nh du k hiu x di v tr m n cha s hng

IN T S

Chng 1: Hm Boole v cng logic


1.3.3 Phng php Quine Mc.Cluskey (tt) Bc 5. quan tm n cc ct c mt du x

IN T S

Chng 1: Hm Boole v cng logic


TM TT Cc phng php biu din hm Boole: Phng php bng trng thi Phng php i s Phng php bng Karnaugh Cc phng php rt gn hm Boole: Phng php i s Phng php bng Karnaugh Phng php Quine Mc. Cluskey

IN T S

Chng 1: Hm Boole v cng logic


1.4 CNG LOGIC C BN
Cc khi nim lin quan:
Tn hiu tng t l tn hiu c bin lin tc theo thi gian, thng do cc hin tng t nhin sinh ra. - Tn hiu s l tn hiu c dng xung gin on v thi gian bin ch c 2 mc r rt: mc cao v mc thp. - Mch in x l tn hiu tng t gi l mch tng t. Mch in x l tn hiu s gi l mch s. u im ca mch s so vi mch tng t: - D thit k, phn tch. - Hot ng theo chng trnh lp sn - t b nh hng ca nhiu. - D ch to thnh mch tch hp.
IN T S

Chng 1: Hm Boole v cng logic


1.4 CNG LOGIC C BN
Biu din trng thi Logic 1 v 0:
- Quy c: - Logic dng(in th mc 1 ln hn in th mc 0): - in th cao Logic 1(H: High) - in th thp Logic 0(L: Low) Thc t, mc logic 1 v mc logic 0 tng ng vi mt khong in th xc nh, c mt khong chuyn tip gia mc cao v mc thp l khong khng xc nh (ngng logic). Khong ny ty thuc vo h IC s dng v c cung cp trong bng thng s k thut Trong khong in p ny c th gy ra li trong mch s. - Logic m l o ca logic dng(mc 0 c in th ln hn mc 1)
IN T S

Chng 1: Hm Boole v cng logic


1.4 CNG LOGIC C BN
Biu din trng thi Logic 1 v 0:
- V d: gin in th cc mc logic ca IC s h TTL.

IN T S

Chng 1: Hm Boole v cng logic


1.4 CNG LOGIC C BN
Cng logic: l cc mch in t c chc nng thc hin cc hm logic.
C 3 php ton logic c bn: - V (AND) - HOC (OR) - O (NOT) Phn t logic c bn (mch logic c bn, cng logic) thc hin php ton logic c bn: - Cng V (AND gate) - Cng HOC (OR gate) - Cng O (NOT inverter) Cc mch s c bit khc: cc cng NAND, NOR, XOR, XNOR
IN T S

Chng 1: Hm Boole v cng logic


1.4.1 Cng logic c bn:
1. CNG AND: Chc nng: Dng thc hin php nhn logic gia 2 hay nhiu bin nh phn. Cng AND c 2 hay nhiu ng vo v c 1 ng ra.
- K hiu

- Bng s tht A 0 0 1 1 B 0 1 0 1 Y = A.B 0 0 0 1

- Gin thi gian


A 1 0 B 1 0
IN T S

1 0

Note: Ng ra cng AND bng 1 khi tt c cc ng vo u bng 1.

Chng 1: Hm Boole v cng logic


1.4.1 Cng logic c bn:
2. CNG OR: - Chc nng: Dng thc hin php cng logic gia 2 hay nhiu bin nh phn. Cng OR c 2 hay nhiu ng vo v c 1 ng ra. - K hiu - Bng s tht A 0 0 1 1 B 0 1 0 1 Y=A+B 0 1 1 1

- Gin thi gian


A 1 0 1 0 1 Y
IN T S

Note: Ng ra cng OR ch mc thp khi tt c cc ng vo u mc thp

Chng 1: Hm Boole v cng logic


1.4.1 Cng logic c bn:
3. CNG NOT(cng o): - Chc nng: Dng thc hin php o logic, cn gi l cng (INVERTER). Cng NOT c 1 ng vo v 1 ng ra. - K hiu - Bng s tht

- Gin thi gian


A 1 0 1 Note: Khi cng o c ghp chung vi cng khc th k hiu c n gin thnh 1 du trn nh

Y
0
IN T S

Chng 1: Hm Boole v cng logic


1.4.2 Cc cng ghp thng dng:
4. CNG NAND: - Chc nng: Dng thc hin php o ca php ton logic V, cng NAND c 2 hay nhiu ng vo v c 1 ng ra.
- K hiu - Bng s tht

A
Khi ni chung 2 ng vo ca cng NAND Cng NOT

Y A.B

0 0 1 1

0 1 0 1

1 1 1 0

Note: Ng ra ch bng 0 khi tt c A v B u bng 1


IN T S

Chng 1: Hm Boole v cng logic


1.4.2 Cc cng ghp thng dng:
5. CNG NOR: - Chc nng: Dng thc hin php o ca php ton logic HOC, cng NOR c 2 hay nhiu ng vo v c 1 ng ra.
- Bng s tht
- K hiu A B

Y AB

Khi ni chung 2 ng vo ca cng NOR Cng NOT

0 0 1 1

0 1 0 1

1 0 0 0

IN T S

Note: Ng ra ch bng 1 khi tt c A v B u bng 0

Chng 1: Hm Boole v cng logic


1.4.2 Cc cng ghp thng dng:
6. CNG BUFFER(cng m): - Chc nng: Dng nh mch khch i logic. Tn hiu qua cng m khng lm thay i trng thi logic. - Dng cng m sa dng tn hiu vung hn, a in th tn hiu v ng mc logic. Cng BUFFER c 1 ng vo v c 1 ng ra.
- K hiu - Bng s tht A

Y=A

0 1
IN T S

0 1

Chng 1: Hm Boole v cng logic


1.4.2 Cc cng ghp thng dng:
7. CNG XOR (Exelusive OR hay EX-OR) - Chc nng: Thc hin php ton XOR (cng c loi tr - cng b qua s nh hay php cng Module 2) gia 2 bin nh phn. Cng XOR c 2 ng vo v c 1 ng ra.

Hm:

Y A B A.B A.B

- Bng s tht A B

- K hiu:

-Khi c mt ng vo ni ln mc cao th cng XOR = Cng NOT -Khi c mt ng vo ni xung mc thp th cng XOR = Cng M
IN T S

0 0 1 1

0 1 0 1

Y=AB 0 1 1 0

Vi cng XOR c nhiu ng vo th ng ra s l 1 nu tng s bit 1 cc ng vo l s L

Chng 1: Hm Boole v cng logic


1.4.2 Cc cng ghp thng dng:
8. CNG XNOR (Exelusive NOR hay EX-NOR) - Chc nng: Thc hin php o ca php ton XOR. Cng XNOR c 2 hay nhiu ng vo v c 1 ng ra. Hm:
Y A B A.B A.B
- Bng s tht A B

- K hiu:

AB

Y AB

-Khi c mt ng vo ni ln mc cao th cng EX-NOR = Cng M -Khi c mt ng vo ni xung mc thp th cng EX-NOR = Cng NOT

0 0 1 1

0 1 0 1

1 0 0 1

IN T S

Vi cng XNOR c nhiu ng vo th ng ra s l 1 nu tng s bit 1 cc ng vo l s CHN.

Chng 1: Hm Boole v cng logic


1.4.2 Cc cng ghp thng dng:
Mt s tnh cht ca hm XOR: 1 = 0 = A A = 0 = 1 Lut i ch nhn qu: Nu B = C th C = B v B C = A ng dng ca cng XOR v XNOR: phn t chnh hp thnh cc b cng, b tr, so snh 2 s nh phn

IN T S

Chng 1: Hm Boole v cng logic


1.4.2 Cc cng ghp thng dng:
9. CNG PHC: - Chc nng: Khi kt ni nhiu cng khc nhau thc hin 1 hm logic no c gi l cng Phc.
VD: T mch in vit biu thc

Y (A.D C).B

VD: T biu thc V mch in

Y A.B.C AB.C A.BD


IN T S

Chng 1: Hm Boole v cng logic


1.4.3 Thc hin hm Boole bng cng logic:
Cu trc cng AND _ OR: Cu trc AND_OR l s logic thc hin cho hm Boole biu din theo dng tng cc tch (S.O.P)

A B C F(A, B, C, D)

D AND 0R

IN T S

Chng 1: Hm Boole v cng logic


1.4.3 Thc hin hm Boole bng cng logic:
Cu trc cng OR _ AND : Cu trc OR_AND l s logic thc hin cho hm Boole biu din theo dng tch cc tng (P.O.S).

A B C D OR AND F(A, B, C, D)

IN T S

Chng 1: Hm Boole v cng logic


1.4.3 Thc hin hm Boole bng cng logic:
Cu trc cng AND _ OR _ INVERTER (AOI): Cu trc AOI l s logic thc hin cho hm Boole biu din theo dng b (INVERTER = NOT) ca tng cc tch.

IN T S

Chng 1: Hm Boole v cng logic


1.4.3 Thc hin hm Boole bng cng logic:
Cu trc cng OR _ AND _ INVERTER (OAI): Cu trc OAI l s logic thc hin cho hm Boole biu din theo dng b ca tch cc tng.

IN T S

Chng 1: Hm Boole v cng logic


1.4.4 Tnh a chc nng ca cng NAND, NOR :
Tnh a chc nng ca cng NAND:

IN T S

Chng 1: Hm Boole v cng logic


1.4.4 Tnh a chc nng ca cng NAND, NOR :
Tnh a chc nng ca cng NOR:

IN T S

Chng 1: Hm Boole v cng logic


1.4.4 Tnh a chc nng ca cng NAND, NOR : Kt lun: - T cng NAND hoc cng NOR ta c th to ra cc cng logic c bn khc. - Mi mch logic t hp c th xy dng ch t mt loi cng c bn l cng NAND hoc cng NOR.

IN T S

Chng 1: Hm Boole v cng logic


1.4.4 Tnh a chc nng ca cng NAND, NOR : Cu trc ton cng NAND : - Cu trc NAND l s logic thc hin cho hm Boole c biu thc l dng b ca 1 s hng tch. - Dng nh l De-Morgan bin i s hng tng thnh tch. - Cng NOT cng c thay th bng cng NAND.

IN T S

Chng 1: Hm Boole v cng logic


1.4.4 Tnh a chc nng ca cng NAND, NOR : Cu trc ton cng NAND :

IN T S

Chng 1: Hm Boole v cng logic


1.4.4 Tnh a chc nng ca cng NAND, NOR : Cu trc ton cng NAND : Trong thc t ngi ta ch s dng 1 loi cng NAND 2 ng vo; khi ta phi bin i biu thc sao cho ch c dng b trn 1 s hng tch ch c 2 bin.

IN T S

Chng 1: Hm Boole v cng logic


1.4.4 Tnh a chc nng ca cng NAND, NOR : Cu trc ton cng NOR : - Cu trc NOR l s logic thc hin cho hm Boole c biu thc l dng b ca 1 s hng tng. - Dng nh l De-Morgan bin i s hng tch thnh tng. - Cng NOT cng c thay th bng cng NOR.

IN T S

Chng 1: Hm Boole v cng logic


1.4.4 Tnh a chc nng ca cng NAND, NOR : Cu trc ton cng NOR :

IN T S

Chng 1: Hm Boole v cng logic


1.4.4 Tnh a chc nng ca cng NAND, NOR : Cu trc ton cng NOR :

IN T S

Chng 1: Hm Boole v cng logic


1.5 CC THAM S CHNH
Mc logic: L mc in th trn u vo v u ra ca cng tng ng vi mc logic 1 vo mc logic 0.

IN T S

Chng 1: Hm Boole v cng logic


1.5 CC THAM S CHNH
chng nhiu(hay phng v nhiu): l mc nhiu ln nht tc ng ti u vo hoc u ra ca cng m cha lm thay i trng thi vn c ca n. H s ghp ti K: cho bit kh nng ghp c bao nhiu u vo ca cc cng sau ti u ra ca mt cng cho. Cng sut tiu th: da vo t l bnh qun ca mc xut hin mc logic H v L m tnh c dng in v cng sut tiu th trung bnh ca mi cng. Tr truyn t: l thi gian tr ca tn hiu logic truyn qua mt cng.
IN T S

Chng 1: Hm Boole v cng logic


1.6 MT S LU KHI S DNG IC S
Phn loi IC theo mt tch hp:

IN T S

Chng 1: Hm Boole v cng logic


1.6 MT S LU KHI S DNG IC S
K hiu v IC:

IN T S

Chng 1: Hm Boole v cng logic


1.6 MT S LU KHI S DNG IC S
S chn mt s IC:

IN T S

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