APA Guide for Astronomy

Consult this list for tips and instructions on how to do your paper in Mr. Youngs adapted APA style. These requirements are not necessarily APA but they are requirements for your work in Astronomy base don APA. Formatting: Double Spaced (No extra spaces in between paragraphs, its already double spaced!) Font size 12: Times New Roman, Calibri, or Arial Regular 1 inch margins (Microsoft Word is already set at this so no need to change it.) Introduction paragraph, body paragraphs, conclusion paragraphs (Do not give me one big block of text.) 2 sources Minimum (you may have more but no less than 2) No need for a separate title page (see the example at the end of this guide) Section headings are nice but optional.

How to Do Citations: In-Text Citations

In-text citations consist of the last name(s) of the author(s) and the year of publication.

If there is no author, use the title (or a short form of the title, if it is lengthy) and the year. Titles that are italicized in the reference list are italicized in text; titles that are not italicized in the reference list appear in quotation marks. If there is no date, use n.d. (without quotation marks) instead.

More information Publication Manual (6th ed., sections 6.016.21, pp. 169179) From the APA Style website:

How do you cite two or more references within the same parentheses?

From the APA Style Blog:

Writing In-Text Citations in APA Style Happy Holiday Citing: Citation of Classical Works The Proper Use of Et Al. in APA Style

Websites
For a passing reference to a website in text, the URL is sufficient; no reference list entry is needed. Gussie Fink-Nottle has set up a discussion forum for newt fanciers (http://gfnnfg.livejournal.com/). However, when you are citing a particular document or piece of information from a website, include both a reference list entry and an in-text citation. The key to creating the reference list entry is to determine the type of content on the web page. Basically, provide the following four pieces of information: Author, A. (date). Title of document [Format description]. Retrieved from http://xxxxxxxxx

The in-text citation includes the author and date (Author, date), as with any other APA Style citation.

E-Books
The reference list entry for an e-book includes the author, date, title, and source (URL or DOI). For a chapter in an e-book, include the chapter title and page numbers (if available). Whole e-book: Author, A. (date). Title of book. Retrieved from http://xxxxxxxxx Author, A. (date). Title of book. doi:xxxxxxxxxxxx Chapter in an e-book: Author, A. (date). Title of chapter. In E. Editor (Ed.), Title of book (pp. xxxx). Retrieved from http://xxxxxxxxx Author, A. (date). Title of chapter. In E. Editor (Ed.), Title of book (pp. xxxx). doi:xxxxxxxxxx The in-text citation includes the author and date, as with any other APA Style citation.
YouTube Heres the general format for creating a reference for a video found on YouTube and other videoposting websites:

If both the real name of the person who posted the video and the screen name are known:

Author, A. A. [Screen name]. (year, month day). Title of video [Video file]. Retrieved from http://xxxxxxxxx

If only the screen name of the person who posted the video is known:

Screen name. (year, month day). Title of video [Video file]. Retrieved from http://xxxxxxxxx The in-text citations include the author name outside of brackets (whichever that may be) and the date.

Bibliography Versus Reference List

In APA Style, include a reference list rather than a bibliography with your paper. Whats the difference? A reference list consists of all sources cited in the text of a paper, listed alphabetically by authors surname. A bibliography, however, may include resources that were

consulted but not cited in the text as well as an annotated description of each one. Bibliographies may be organized chronologically, or by subject, rather than alphabetically. If you have been given an assignment that asks for a bibliography, consult your instructor for more specifics about the required format.

More this Way

Sample Paper
The following is an excerpt with citations double spacing and formatting set to what your paper should look like, there is also a reference page at the end.

Peter Pupil Data Driven Decision Making 3/9/2014

Name , class and date (notice no extra spaces in between or afterwards) Title centered at the top

Scientific Literacy Research Project Introduction Scientific Literacy. What is it exactly? Is it the accumulation of scientific facts and concepts? Is it the ability to read, decipher and understand scientific text? Is it the overall understanding of science as a discipline and the inner workings of the framework that constitutes science? Indeed even in established literature one would be hard pressed to come up with a consensus definition of science literacy. In 1985 the American Association for Advancement of
Direct quote Science released a report on science education that defined a scientifically literate person as citation here of a source with

someone who has a broad and functional understanding of science and the natural world; is 2 authors. aware of the interdependence of mathematics, technology and science; has a capacity for scientific thinking; and understanding of science and society (Jackson and Ash, 2012). However, there are many different views of what scientific literacy really is or is not for that matter. Also included in that discussion is the following questions; Does it include technology literacy? Is it better stated as scientific and technological literacy (STL) as Holbrook (2010) espouses. The Not a Direct quote but
close enough so cite it

scientific thrust of STL has its focus onanyway. conceptualizations of need to know scientific knowledge, in contrast to many school curricula which still place high emphasis on an all-encompassing knowledge component. Holbrook (2010) argues that knowledge accumulation should step aside in favor of a more societal functioning and potential to be functional end product. These are all important to consider when thinking about this topic, however for this review I chose to focus on the why and the how. Specifically why teach scientific literacy and how does one teach it

effectively and successfully. Which then begs the questions of why emphasize the specific aspect of scientific writing in the first place? How do you teach, instill, and inspire students to understand it, value it, and ultimately use it in class, and elsewhere.

Free citation generator sites:

http://www.citefast.com/

BibMe Citation Machine Citavi Free DocsCite KnightCite Mendeley NoodleTools Express StyleWizard Zotero Follow the directions on the site and copy and paste the reference entry! Sample Reference Section on Next Page

References Adams, A., & Pegg, J. (2012). Teachers' Enactment of Content Literacy Strategies in Secondary Science and Mathematics Classes. Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 56(2), 151-161. Braaten, M., & Windschitl, M. (2011). Working toward a stronger conceptualization of scientific explanation for science education. Science Education, 95(4), 639-669. doi:10.1002/sce.20449 Holbrook, J. (2010). Education through Science as a Motivational Innovation for Science Education for All. Science Education International, 21(2), 80-91. Jackson, J. K., & Ash, G. (2012). Science Achievement for All: Improving Science Performance and Closing Achievement Gaps. Journal Of Science Teacher Education, 23(7), 723-744. Misulis, K. E. (2011). A Place for Content Literacy: Incorporating Vocabulary and Comprehension Strategies in the High School Science Classroom. Science Teacher, 78(1), 47-50. Nam, J., Choi, A., & Hand, B. (2011). Implementation of the Science Writing Heuristic (SWH) Approach in 8th Grade Science Classrooms. International Journal Of Science And Mathematics Education, 9(5), 1111-1133. Sperry, C. (2012). Teaching Critical Thinking through Media Literacy. Science Scope, 35(9), 56-60. Subramaniam, M., Ahn, J., Waugh, A., & Druin, A. (2012). Sci-Fi, Storytelling, and New-Media Literacy. Knowledge Quest, 41(1), 22-27.