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All living things are made up of cells. Unicellular (Single-celled)organisms that are made up of only one cell. Multicellular- organisms made up of many cells. (Some have billions & trillions of cells!)
Teacher Domain
http://www.teachersdomain.org/resource/ tdc02.sci.life.stru.singlecell/
Cells
Most basic part of a living system Cells are Building Blocks Cells contain organelles
Animal & Plant cells both contain:
nucleus- command center of the cell cell membrane- protective outer layer cytoplasm- gelatin-like substance that fills inside of cell (contains other organelles that are vital to the processes of life) mitochondria- to provide power for cell activities
Only plant cells have cell walls for support & chloroplasts to carry out photosynthesis.
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Contain 2 organelles that animal cells do not have: *Chloroplastsuse sunlight & CO2 to create food for the plants cells *Cell wall- rigid structure that provides protection and support for plant cell
Both
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Levels of Organization
Feedback mechanism
A response of an organism to a given change, such as temperature or the amount of light. Example: Sweating If the body temperature gets too high, sweat glands open up, causing a person to sweat. The sweat then evaporates, carrying heat energy away from the body. This cools the skin. When the body temperature returns to normal, another nerve signal is sent out to close the sweat glands.
Circulatory system
Arteries are tubes that carry blood away from the heart Veins are tubes that return blood to the heart Capillaries connect arteries and veins. They are tiny tubes that exchange food, oxygen and wastes between blood and body cells.
Respiratory
BREATH IN -- your body gets oxygen from the air. Rib muscles contract to pull ribs up and out. The DIAPHRAGM muscle contracts to pull down the lungs. Tissue expands to suck in air. BREATH OUT -- you get rid of other gases that your body does not need. Rib muscles relax. The Diaphragm muscle relaxes. Tissue returns to resting position and forces air out.
Digestive system
Breaks down and absorbs food to provide energy for the body
Excretory
Gets rid of body wastes and excess fluids
Muscles
Muscle contracts to move bones and body parts Muscles look either striated or smooth: Striated muscle has stripes or striations in it.
Skeletal system
Function of bones protect internal organs support the body make blood cells store minerals provide for muscle attachment
Joints
A point where one bone attaches to another bone. There are two different types of joints in the body: Movable joints (like ball-and-socket, hinge, gliding and pivot joints) Immovable joints (like the bones of the skull and pelvis) which allow little or no movement
Integumentary System
skin is the largest organ in the body Two distinct layers occur in the skin: the dermis and epidermis. The integumentary system has multiple roles in homeostasis, including protection, temperature regulation, sensory reception, biochemical synthesis, and absorption.
Nervous system
collects, transfers and processes information with brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, and nerves
Systems
A group of parts that form a complex whole- work together to achieve goals that the parts could not reach alone.
Parts can interact, be related to one another, or depend on each other.
Example:
Homeostasis
The body has ways of adjusting to different conditions. Keeping conditions such as body temperature constant is called equilibrium or homeostasis. Equilibrium occurs when a system is balanced.
Adaptations
What if a change is too extreme & an organism cant maintain equilibrium? The organism may die!! However, most organisms are adapted to the environments where they live. Their body systems & behaviors adjust or change to allow them to survive in the new environment.
Extinction
The loss of an entire species is called extinction. Example:
If an organism doesnt have adaptations that allow it to live in a colder climate, then it must move to a warmer environment or it will die. This can affect single organisms as well as whole populations.
Genetic traits
Genes- a segment of DNA on a chromosome that contains information for specific genetic traits. Genes are passed from parents to offspring. Genetic trait- a characteristic passed on from a parent to offspring. Genetic traits that help organisms to survive in their environment are called adaptations. Adaptations can be either physical characteristics or behaviors.
Reproduction
Dichotomous Keys
A dichotomous key is a tool that helps identify organisms. A dichotomous key consists of several pairs of statements. Based on observations about an organism, the user begins by choosing a statement from the first pair. Each statement leads either to the name of an organism or to another pair of statements. By working through several pairs, you can identify an organism.
Dichotomous Keys
1. a. Edge of wings black-Go to 2. b. Edge of wings not black-Go to 3.
2. a. b. 3. a. b. Upper wing with black veins-Danaus plexippus Upper wing without black veins-Danaus gillippus Wings blue with white edges-Cupido comyntas Wings black with white edges-Phocides palemon
Classification
Autotroph: An organism that produces its own food. EX: Plants, Algae, Archaebacteria, Phytoplanktons Heterotroph: An organism that feeds on other organisms. EX: Animals, Protista, Fungi, Bacteria
Classification
Domain: Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
Classification
Classification
The living things are grouped in to three domains which are Archae (primitive, unicellular, prokaryotic, some autotrophs & some heterotrophs, some live in harsh conditions); Bacteria (unicellular prokaryotes, most are heterotrophs, typical bacteria); & Eukarya
Ecosystem includes the living & nonliving parts of an environment. Nonliving- water, soil, light, air Living- plants, animals & other living organisms (makes up the community)
Community a group of different types or populations or plants, animals, & other organisms living & interacting with one another in an environment. Each population in a community lives in a particular part of that environment called a habitat.
As you move up the diagram, each level is more complex.
Each part of the community has its own function, but together they form the entire pond ecosystem.
Organisms are connected by the energy that flows through the pond community. Both plants & animals require energy. This flow begins with the plants using energy from the sun and continues through all the organisms in an ecosystem.
Plants change radiant energy from the sun into chemical energy. Carbon dioxide and water are converted into sugar and oxygen.
(Sugar is very important in an ecosystem- its food for plants & for other organisms. When plants are eaten, the energy in the plant matter is passed on to other organisms in the food chain.)
Radiant Energy
Chemical Energy
TEK 7.5 A recognize that radiant energy from the Sun is transformed into chemical energy through the process of photosynthesis
Types of consumers
Herbivores- animals that eat only plants Carnivores- animals that eat only other animals Omnivores- animals that eat both plants & other animals
Decomposers
Organisms that feed on dead plants & animals. This releases the chemical energy and nutrients in the dead plants and animals back into the environment.
Decomposers play an important role in recycling nutrients & energy.
Food Chain- shows the flow of energy from one organism to another to yet another.
Food Web
Energy passes in many different directions through all the organisms.
Succession
Rebuilding of populations in a community or ecosystem that has been changed.
Succession
Primary Succession: It can take place on a newly formed volcanic island or in an area newly exposed by a melting glacier. Pioneer species in primary succession are Lichens & Mosses Secondary Succesion: It takes place where organisms already live or it takes place after an existing ecosystem has been disturbed.
Ecological Succession
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AWwe 0udewD8 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dhYAr qKVF9Q&feature=related